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page-Shamanismo rootpage-Shamanismo skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Shamanismo" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Shamanismo" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Shamanismo" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pinaniniwalaang_papel_ng_shaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pinaniniwalaang_papel_ng_shaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga pinaniniwalaang papel ng shaman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pinaniniwalaang_papel_ng_shaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pagsasanay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pagsasanay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga pagsasanay</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_pagsasanay-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga pagsasanay</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_pagsasanay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entheogen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entheogen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Entheogen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entheogen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ibang_mga_kasanayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ibang_mga_kasanayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ibang mga kasanayan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ibang_mga_kasanayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_paniniwala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_paniniwala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mga paniniwala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_paniniwala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_shamanismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinagmulan_ng_shamanismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pinagmulan ng shamanismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_shamanismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shamanismo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 96 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شامانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شامانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="شامانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شامانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismu" title="Xamanismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xamanismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="شامانیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شامانیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Шаманлыҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шаманлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aman%C4%97zmos" title="Šamanėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šamanėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Шаманизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шаманизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ওঝাবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওঝাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanisme" title="Xamanisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xamanisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="شەمەنیزم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەمەنیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanismus" title="Šamanismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šamanismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamanaeth" title="Siamanaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siamanaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shamanisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanismus" title="Schamanismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schamanismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σαμανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Camanismo" title="Ŝamanismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝamanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanismo" title="Chamanismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chamanismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanism" title="Šamanism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šamanism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شمن‌باوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمن‌باوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanismi" title="Šamanismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šamanismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanisme" title="Chamanisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chamanisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamanachas" title="Seamanachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seamanachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanism" title="Chamanism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chamanism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avapaje" title="Avapaje – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avapaje" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שמאניזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמאניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE" title="ओझा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओझा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1m%C3%A1nizmus" title="Sámánizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sámánizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շամանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շամանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shamanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciamanesimo" title="Sciamanesimo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sciamanesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%96%93%E1%92%83%E1%91%AF%E1%96%85" title="ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="シャーマニズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャーマニズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შამანიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შამანიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Бақсылық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бақсылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="샤머니즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤머니즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Шаманчылык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шаманчылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanismus" title="Samanismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samanismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanismus" title="Schamanismus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schamanismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmas" title="Šamanizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šamanizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanisms" title="Šamanisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šamanisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шаманизмась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Шаманизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanisma" title="Samanisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Samanisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шаманизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шаманизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Бөө мөргөл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөө мөргөл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepawangan" title="Kepawangan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepawangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="နတ်သမားတော်ဘာသာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နတ်သမားတော်ဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="धामीझाँक्री – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धामीझाँक्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanisme" title="Chamanisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chamanisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmu" title="Šamanizmu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Šamanizmu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸ਼ਮਨਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਮਨਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamanizm" title="Szamanizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szamanizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="شمن باوري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمن باوري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paqu_yachaq" title="Paqu yachaq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paqu yachaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98amanism" title="Șamanism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șamanism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаманизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmus" title="Šamanizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šamanizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizem" title="Šamanizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šamanizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanizmi" title="Shamanizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shamanizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanism" title="Schamanism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Schamanism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஷாமன் மதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஷாமன் மதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="షామానిజం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షామానిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เชมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Шаманлык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шаманлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Хамнаашкын – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хамнаашкын" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="شامان دىنى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شامان دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شمن پرستی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمن پرستی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomonlik" title="Shomonlik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shomonlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaman_gi%C3%A1o" title="Shaman giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shaman giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanismo" title="Shamanismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shamanismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨满教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შამანიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შამანიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שאמאניזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שאמאניזם" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg/220px-SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg/330px-SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Babaeng shaman sa <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg/220px-Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg/330px-Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Isang shaman manggagamot sa <a href="/wiki/Kyzyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyzyl">Kyzyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a>, <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <b>Shamanismo</b> ay isang pagsasanay na kinasasangkutan ng pag-abot sa mga nabagong estado ng kamalayan upang maenkwentro at makipagugnayan sa daigdig ng espirito.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang isang shaman ay ang tao na itinuturing na may paglapit at impluwensiya sa daigdig ng mga mabuti at masamang esprito at tipikal na pumapasok sa isang katayuan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trance (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagkawala ng diwa</a> habang isinagawa ang isang <a href="/wiki/Rituwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituwal">rituwal</a>. Ito ay nagsasanay rin ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibinasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibinasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">dibinasyon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Panggagamot" class="mw-redirect" title="Panggagamot">panggagamot</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_pinaniniwalaang_papel_ng_shaman">Mga pinaniniwalaang papel ng shaman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pinaniniwalaang papel ng shaman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pinaniniwalaang papel ng shaman"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang papel ng sham ay karaniwang inilalarawan ng mga obligasyon, aksiyon at responsibilidad na inaasahan sa mga ito sa loob ng kanilang mga indibidwal na kultura. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_shamaan_op_Zuid-Boeroe_bezweert_boze_geesten_de_kinderen_te_verlaten_waarbij_hij_een_geldstuk_en_een_sirihnoot_offert_TMnr_10001031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_shamaan_op_Zuid-Boeroe_bezweert_boze_geesten_de_kinderen_te_verlaten_waarbij_hij_een_geldstuk_en_een_sirihnoot_offert_TMnr_10001031.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_shamaan_op_Zuid-Boeroe_bezweert_boze_geesten_de_kinderen_te_verlaten_waarbij_hij_een_geldstuk_en_een_sirihnoot_offert_TMnr_10001031.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_shamaan_op_Zuid-Boeroe_bezweert_boze_geesten_de_kinderen_te_verlaten_waarbij_hij_een_geldstuk_en_een_sirihnoot_offert_TMnr_10001031.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluku Islands">South Moluccan</a> na Shaman na nagpapalayas ng masamang espirito sa mga bata, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buru (hindi pa naisusulat)">Buru</a>. 1920.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg/220px-Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg/330px-Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg/440px-Do%C3%B1a_ramona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Doña Ramona, isang shaman na Seri mula sa Punta Chueca, Sonora, Mexico.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg/220px-Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg/330px-Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Kyzyl_Shaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Isang doktor na shaman ng <a href="/wiki/Kyzyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyzyl">Kyzyl</a>, 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang mga shaman ay nagkakamit ng kaalaman at kapangyarihan na magpagaling sa pamamagitan ng pagpasok sa daigdig na espiritwal o dimensiyon. Ang karamihan ng mga shaman ay may mga panaginip o mga pangitain na nagsasabi sa kanila ng ilang mga bagay. Ang shaman ay maaaring mayroon o nagkakamit ng maraming mga gabay na espiritu na kadalasang gumagabay sa kanila sa kanilang mga paglalakbay sa daigdig ng espirito. Ang mga gabay na espiritong ito ay palaging nasa shaman bagaman ang iba ay maeekwentro lamang kapag ang shaman ay nasa transiya. Ang gabay na espirito ay nagbibigay enerhiya sa shaman na pumapayag dito na pumasok sa dimensiyong espiritwal. Ang mga shaman ay sinasabing nagpapagaling sa loob ng dimensiyong espiritwal sa pamamagitan ng pagbabalik ng mga nawalang bahagi ng kaluluwa ng tao mula sa saanman na nagtungo ito. Ang mga shaman ay gumaganap na mga tagapamagitan sa kanilang kultura. <sup id="cite_ref-mediator_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediator-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mediator2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediator2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang shaman ay sinasabing nakikipag-usap sa mga espirito sa ngalan ng pamayanan kabilang ang mga espirito ng mga namatay. Ang shaman ay pinaniniwalaang nakikipag-usap sa parehong nabubuhay at namatay upang paginhawain ang kawalang katahimikan, mga hindi nalulutas na isyu, at magkaloob ng mga regalo sa mga espirto. Sa Shamanismo, pinaniniwalaang ang bahagi ng kaluluwa ng tao ay malaya na lumisan sa katawan. Binabago ng mga shaman ang kanilang estado ng kamalayan na pumapayag sa malayang paglalakbay ng kanilang kaluluwa at kunin ang sinaunang karunungan at nawalang kapangyarihan. Sa mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selkup_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selkup people (hindi pa naisusulat)">Selkup</a>, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merginae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merginae (hindi pa naisusulat)">patong dagat</a> ay isang hayop na espiritwal dahil ang mga pato ay lumilipad sa hanging at sumisisid sa tubig. Kaya pinaniniwalaang ang mga pato ay kabilang sa parehong itaas at ilalim ng daigdig.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoppal_a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoppal_a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa mga taong Siberian, ang mga katangiang ito ay itinuturo sa mga water fowl<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa maraming mga <a href="/wiki/Katutubong_Amerikano" title="Katutubong Amerikano">katutubong Amerikano</a>, ang jaguar ay isang espiritong hayop dahil ang mga jaguar ay naglalakad sa lupa, lumalangoy sa tubig at umaakyat sa mga puno. Kaya ang mga jaguar ay sinasabing kabilang sa lahat ng tatlong mga daigdig na himpapawid, lupa at ilalim ng daigdig. Ang mga shaman ay gumaganap ng iba't ibang mga tungkulin batay sa kanilang mga kultura.<sup id="cite_ref-multfunc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multfunc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kabilang dito ang panggagamot, <sup id="cite_ref-sem-shamheal_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sem-shamheal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pangunguna sa handog,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>pag-iingat ng tradisyon sa pamamagitan ng pagkukuwento at mga awit,<sup id="cite_ref-memory_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> panghuhula,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at pagganap bilang isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychopomp (hindi pa naisusulat)">psychopomp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-psychopomp_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psychopomp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May mga natatanging uri ng shaman na gumaganap ng mas espesyalisadong mga tungkulin. Halimbawa, sa mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nani (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nani</a>, ang natatanging uri ng shaman ay gumaganap bilang isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychopomp (hindi pa naisusulat)">psychopomp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ibang mga espesyalisadong shaman ay matatangi ayon sa uri ng mga espirito o sakop ng daigdig ng espirito kung saan ang mga shaman ay nakikipag-ugnayan. Ang mga tungkuling ito ay iba iba sa mga shaman ng mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nenet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nenet (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nenet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enet (hindi pa naisusulat)">Enet</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selkup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selkup (hindi pa naisusulat)">Selkup</a>. (paper;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> online<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huichol_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huichol people (hindi pa naisusulat)">Huichol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mexico_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexico-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may dalawang mga kategorya ng shaman. Sa mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hmong (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hmong</a>, ang shaman o ang <i>Ntxiv Neej</i> (Tee-Neng) ay gumaganap bilang manggagamot. Ang Ntxiv Neej ay gumaganap rin ng mga ritwal at seremonya upang tawagin pabalik ang kaluluwa mula sa marami nitong paglalakbay sa pisikal na katawan ng tao. Ang Ntxiv Neej ay maaaring gumamit ng ilang mga kasangkapan gaya ng mga espada, sungay na pang-diyos, gong, o mga bell/jingle ng daliri. Ang mga kasangkapang ito ay sinasabing nagsisilbi na ingatan ang mga espirito mula sa mga mata ng hindi alamn at kaya ay pumapayag sa Ntxiv Neej na ibalik ang mga kaluluwa sa mga may ari nito. Ang Ntxiv Neej ay maaaring magsuot ng puti, pula, o itim na belo upang ibahin ang anyo ng kaluluwa mula sa mga umaatake rito sa dimensiyong espiritwal. Ang mga hangganan sa pagitan ng shaman at laity ay hindi palaging maliwanag na inilalarawan. Sa mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barasana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barasana (hindi pa naisusulat)">Barasana</a> ng Brazil, walang absolutong pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng mga taong kinikilalang mga shaman at sa mga hindi kinikilalang shaman. Sa pinakamababang lebel, ang karamihan ng mga matandang lalake ay may kakayahan bilang mga shaman at gaganap ng parehong mga tungkulin gaya ng sa mga lalakeng may malawak na reputasyon sa mga kapangrihan at kaalaman nito. Ang shaman ng Barasana ay mas marami ring alam na mga <a href="/wiki/Mitolohiya" title="Mitolohiya">mitolohiya</a> at nauunawaan ng mas mabuti ang kanilan gmga kahulugan. Gayunpaman, ang karamihan ng mga matandang lalake ay marami ring alam na mga mitolohiya.<sup id="cite_ref-barasana-myths_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barasana-myths-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inuit (hindi pa naisusulat)">Inuit</a>, ang laity ay mga karanasan na karaniwang itinuturo sa mga shaman ng mga pangkat Inuit. Ang pananaginip sa araw, reverie at transiya ay hindi lamang nakalimita sa mg ashaman.<sup id="cite_ref-Mer-BecHalfHid_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer-BecHalfHid-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gab-KarEszk_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gab-KarEszk-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KleiSon-Esk_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KleiSon-Esk-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Ang laity ay gumagamit ng mga anting anting, mga sumpa, mga pormula at mga awit. Control over helping spirits is the primary characteristic attributed to shamans. <sup id="cite_ref-Mer-BecHalfHid_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer-BecHalfHid-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-failed-shaman_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-failed-shaman-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mshare_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mshare-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang katulong ng isang shaman ng mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oroquen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oroquen (hindi pa naisusulat)">Oroquen</a> na tinatawag na <i>jardalanin</i>, o "ikalawang espirito" ay alam ang maraming mga bagay tungkol sa mga nauugnay na paniniwala. Ito ay sumasama sa mga ritwal at pinapakahulugan ang pag-aasal ng shaman. <sup id="cite_ref-Guan_Kouni_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guan_Kouni-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa kabila ng mga tungkuling ito, ang jardalanin ay hindi isang shaman. Para sa katulong na ito, hindi ninanais na mahulog ito sa transiya. <sup id="cite_ref-interpreter_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interpreter-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_pagsasanay">Mga pagsasanay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pagsasanay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pagsasanay"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entheogen">Entheogen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Entheogen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Entheogen"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Entheogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Entheogen">entheogen</a> ("Ang <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> ay nasa loob natin") ay isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikoaktibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikoaktibo (hindi pa naisusulat)">sikoaktibong</a> substansiya na ginagamit sa kontekstong <a href="/wiki/Relihiyoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Relihiyoso">relihiyoso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shamaniko</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espiritwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espiritwa (hindi pa naisusulat)">espiritwal</a>. Sa kasaysayan, ang mga entheogen ay karamihang hinango mula sa mga halaman at ginamit sa iba't ibang kontekstong relihiyoso. Ang mga halimbawa nito ay kinabibilangan ng peyote, kabuting psilocybin, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" class="mw-disambig" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayahuasca" title="Ayahuasca">ayahuasca</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvia_divinorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvia divinorum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Salvia divinorum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabernanthe_iboga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabernanthe iboga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tabernanthe iboga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipomoea_tricolor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipomoea tricolor (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ipomoea tricolor</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Amanita_muscaria" title="Amanita muscaria">Amanita muscaria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ibang_mga_kasanayan">Ibang mga kasanayan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ibang mga kasanayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ibang mga kasanayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagsasayaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagsasayaw">Pagsasayaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pag-awit" title="Pag-awit">Pag-awit</a></li> <li>Mga <a href="/wiki/Icaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Icaro">Icaro</a> / Mga awiting medisina</li> <li>Mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vigil (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pag-aayuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aayuno">Pag-aayuno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweat_lodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweat lodge (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sweat lodge</a></li> <li>Mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paghahanap_ng_pangitain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paghahanap ng pangitain (hindi pa naisusulat)">paghahanap ng pangitain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariri (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mariri</a></li> <li>Paglalaban ng espasda/ / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagpapanday_ng_talim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagpapanday ng talim (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagpapanday ng talim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_paniniwala">Mga paniniwala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga paniniwala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mga paniniwala"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>May maraming mga anyo ng shamanismo sa buong mundo ngunit ang ilang mga karaniwang paniniwala ay pinagsasaluhan sa lahat ng mga anyo ng shamanismo. Ang mga ito ang:<sup id="cite_ref-Eli72_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eli72-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ang mga espiritu ay umiiral at gumagampan ng mahahalagang papel sa parehong mga buhay ng indibidwal at lipunan.</li> <li>Ang shaman ay maaaring makipag-usap sa daigdig ng espirito.</li> <li>Ang mga espirito ay maaaring mabuti o masama.</li> <li>Ang shamaan ay makapagpapagaling ng sakit na sanhi ng mga masasamang espirito.</li> <li>Ang shaman ay maaarign gumamit ng mga pamamaraang pumupukaw ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">transiya</a> upang pumukaw ng mga bisyonaryong ekstasiya at magpatuloy sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vision_quest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vision quest (hindi pa naisusulat)">paghahanap ng pangitain</a>.</li> <li>Ang espirito ng shaman ay maaaring lumisan sa katawan upang pumasok sa daigdig na <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> upang maghanap ng mga sagot.</li> <li>Ang mga shaman ay nagpapalitaw sa mga gabay na espirto, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omen (hindi pa naisusulat)">omen</a> at mga tagadala ng mensahe.</li> <li>Ang shaman ay nakahuhula sa hinaharap, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scry (hindi pa naisusulat)">nakasisilip sa hinaharap</a>, nakapagtatapon ng mga buto/mga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rune (hindi pa naisusulat)">rune</a></i> at magsagawa ng iba't ibang mga anyo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibinasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibinasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">dibinasyon</a>.</li></ul> <p>Ang Shamanismo ay batay sa paniniwala na ang nakikitang daigdig ay napupuno ng mga hindi nakikitang espirito na umaapekto sa mga buhay ng mga nabubuhay. Bagaman ang mga sanhi ng mga sakit ay pinaniniwalaang sanhi ng mga espiritong masama, ang pareong mga pamamaraang espiritwal at pisikal ay ginagamit upang magpagaling. Sa karaniwan, ang shaman ay pumapasok sa katawan ng pasyente upang komprontahin ang karamdamang espiritwal at magpagaling sa pamamagitan ng pagpapalayas sa nakahahawang espirito. Ang maraming mga shaman ay may dalubhasang kaalaman sa mga halamang medisinal na katutubo sa kanilang lugar at ang paggamot ng herbal ay karaniwang nirereseta. Sa maraming mga lugar, ang mga shaman ay direktang natututo mula sa mga halaman at ginagamit ang kanilang mga epekto at katangiang nakapagpapagaling pagkatapos makamit ang pahintulot mula sa mga tumatahan o mga patron na espirito. Sa Peruvian Amazon Basin, ang mga shaman at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curandero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curandero (hindi pa naisusulat)">curandero</a> ay gumagamit ng mga awit na gamot na tinatawag na mga <a href="/wiki/Ikaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikaro">ikaro</a> upang tawagin ang mga espirito. Bago matawag ang espirito, ito ay dapat magturo ng awit sa shaman.<sup id="cite_ref-Peru_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peru-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang paggamit ng mga bagay na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Totem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Totem (hindi pa naisusulat)">totemiko</a> gaya ng mga bato na may mga espesyal na kapangyarihan at <a href="/wiki/Animismo" title="Animismo">animismo</a> ay karaniwan. Ang gayong mga pagsasanay ay pinagpapalagay na sinauna.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang paniniwala sa <a href="/wiki/Panggagaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Panggagaway">panggagaway</a> na kilalang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brujer%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brujería (hindi pa naisusulat)">brujería</a></i> sa Latin Amerika ay umiiral sa maraming mga lipunan. Ang ibang mga lipunan ay nagsasaad na ang lahat ng mga shaman ay may kapangyarihan na parehong magpagaling at pumatay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinagmulan_ng_shamanismo">Pinagmulan ng shamanismo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinagmulan ng shamanismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pinagmulan ng shamanismo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang mga pagsasanay na shamaniko ay maaaring nagmula sa panahong Paleolitiko at nauna sa lahat ng mga organisadong <a href="/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Narr_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narr-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ebidensiya sa mga kweba at guhit sa mga dingding ay nagpapakita ng indikasyon na ang shamanismo ay nagsimula noong panahong Paleolitiko. Ang isang guhit ay nagpapakita ng kalahating hayop na may mukha at mga hita ng tao at may mga antler at buntot ng isang stag. Ayon sa mga pag-aaral ng mga antropologo, ang shamanismo ay umunlad bilang isang pagsasanay ng mahika upang masiguro ang isang matagumpay na pangangaso at pagtitipon ng pagkain. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ebidensiyang arkeolohikal ay umiiral para sa shamanismo noong <a href="/wiki/Mesolitiko" title="Mesolitiko">Mesolitiko</a>. Natuklasan noong Nobyembre 2008, ang isang 12,000 taong gulang na lugar na pinakamaagang alam na paglilibing ng shaman na isang babae. Ang sampung malalaking mga bato ay inilagay sa ulo, pelvis at mga braso. Kasama sa mga kasamang inilibing na gamit dito ay 50 kumpletong mga shell ng pagong, paa ng tao at ilang mga bahagi ng katawan ng mga hayop gaya ng buntot ng baka at pakpak ng agila. Ang ibang mga labi ng hayop ay galing sa baboy damo, leopardo at dalawang mga marten. <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang kamakailang ebidensiyang arkeolohikal ay nagmumungkahi na ang pinakamaagang alam na mga shaman mula sa panahong Itaas na Paleolitiko sa ngayong <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> ay mga babae.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films">Films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Films" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Films"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Quantum Men (Carlos Serrano Azcona) Spain 2011</li></ul> <ul><li>Other Worlds (Jan Kounen) France 2004</li></ul> <ul><li>Bells From the Deep (Werner Herzog) Germany 1993</li></ul> <ul><li>The Mad Masters (Jean Rouch) France 1955</li></ul> <ul><li>Au pays des mages noirs (Jean Rouch) France 1947</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hop87">Hoppál 1987</a>. p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mediator-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mediator_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mediator2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mediator2_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boglár 2001: 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoppal_a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hoppal_a_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitebsky 1996: 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multfunc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-multfunc_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sem-shamheal-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sem-shamheal_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSem" class="citation web cs1">Sem, Tatyana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/changing/journey/healing.html">"Shamanic Healing Rituals"</a>. Russian Museum of Ethnography.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shamanic+Healing+Rituals&rft.pub=Russian+Museum+of+Ethnography&rft.aulast=Sem&rft.aufirst=Tatyana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum.state.il.us%2Fexhibits%2Fchanging%2Fjourney%2Fhealing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AShamanismo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 27–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 28–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-memory-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-memory_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 34–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psychopomp-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-psychopomp_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005:36164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005:87–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/sha/sis/sis05.htm">Czaplicka 1914</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mexico-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mexico_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSalak" class="citation web cs1">Salak, Kira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirasalak.com/Peyote.html">"Lost souls of the Peyote Trail"</a>. National Geographic Adventure.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lost+souls+of+the+Peyote+Trail&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Adventure&rft.aulast=Salak&rft.aufirst=Kira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirasalak.com%2FPeyote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AShamanismo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barasana-myths-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-barasana-myths_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Hugh-Jones 1980: 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mer-BecHalfHid-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mer-BecHalfHid_18-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mer-BecHalfHid_18-1">18.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Merkur 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gab-KarEszk-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gab-KarEszk_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabus, Jean: A karibu eszkimók. Gondolat Kiadó, Budapest, 1970. (Hungarian translation of the original: Vie et coutumes des Esquimaux Caribous, Libraire Payot Lausanne, 1944.) It describes the life of Caribou Eskimo groups.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KleiSon-Esk-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KleiSon-Esk_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleivan & Sonne 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 8–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-failed-shaman-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-failed-shaman_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleivan & Sonne 1985: 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mshare-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mshare_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Merkur 1985: 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guan_Kouni-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Guan_Kouni_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#NoSh04">Noll & Shi 2004</a>: 10, footnote 10 (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desales.edu/assets/desales/SocScience/Oroqen_shaman_FSSForumAug07.pdf">online</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interpreter-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-interpreter_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#NoSh04">Noll & Shi 2004</a>: 8–9 (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desales.edu/assets/desales/SocScience/Oroqen_shaman_FSSForumAug07.pdf">online</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eli72-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Eli72_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mircea Eliade, <i>Shamanism, Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy</i>, Bollingen Series LXXVI, Princeton University Press 1972, pp. 3–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peru-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Peru_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSalak" class="citation web cs1">Salak, Kira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirasalak.com/Peru.html">"Hell and Back"</a>. National Geographic Adventure.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hell+and+Back&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Adventure&rft.aulast=Salak&rft.aufirst=Kira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirasalak.com%2FPeru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AShamanismo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isinulat ni <a href="/wiki/Plato" class="mw-redirect" title="Plato">Plato</a> sa kaniyang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaedrus_(dialogue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phaedrus (dialogue) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Phaedrus</a></i> na ang "unang mga panghuhula ay mga salita ng isang punong <i><a href="/wiki/Oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak">oak</a></i> (owk), at na ang mga namumuhay noong kapanahunang iyon ay natagpuang nakapagbibigay ng sapat na kasiyahan ang "makinig sa isang <i>oak</i> o isang bato, basta't nagsasabi ito ng totoo".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Clottes" class="citation web cs1">Jean Clottes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430093540/http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/clottes/page7.php">"Shamanism in Prehistory"</a>. <i>Bradshaw foundation</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/clottes/page7.php">orihinal</a> noong 2008-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bradshaw+foundation&rft.atitle=Shamanism+in+Prehistory&rft.au=Jean+Clottes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%2Fclottes%2Fpage7.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AShamanismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narr-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Narr_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKarl_J._Narr" class="citation web cs1">Karl J. Narr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806020244/http://concise.britannica.com/oscar/print?articleId=109434&fullArticle=true&tocId=52333">"Prehistoric religion"</a>. <i>Britannica online encyclopedia 2008</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concise.britannica.com/oscar/print?articleId=109434&fullArticle=true&tocId=52333">orihinal</a> noong 2017-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica+online+encyclopedia+2008&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+religion&rft.au=Karl+J.+Narr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconcise.britannica.com%2Foscar%2Fprint%3FarticleId%3D109434%26fullArticle%3Dtrue%26tocId%3D52333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AShamanismo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winkelman, Michael. Shamanism: a Biopsychosocial Paradigm of Consciousness and Healing. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Earliest known shaman grave site found: study", reported by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> via <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>, November 4, 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20191216202317/https://www.webcitation.org/5c5MCHK7R?url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20081104/sc_nm/us_shaman_israel/print">archived.</a> see.<i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tedlock, Barbara. 2005. The Woman in the Shaman's Body: Reclaiming the Feminine in Religion and Medicine. New York: Bantam.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&oldid=2116676">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamanismo&oldid=2116676</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Shamanismo" title="Kategorya:Shamanismo">Shamanismo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Espiritwalidad" title="Kategorya:Espiritwalidad">Espiritwalidad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Antropolohiya_ng_relihiyon" title="Kategorya:Antropolohiya ng relihiyon">Antropolohiya ng relihiyon</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 10:16, 3 Hunyo 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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