CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="3d8066e6-8b9d-44df-bdfe-fa197dd1cf73" tb-donotmove></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#324a98"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit-pro.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://olytics.omeda.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://px.ads.linkedin.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://snap.licdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/css/template.min.css?t=1737007454" integrity="sha512-MtelhZl3ds+D4WC7oH/N12ZfJh4fOpvw+RRsYdjP6Vd3cidPuaoAhGEU3a9bPfFphggBk5YJl7ORBNTOrPloew==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.15.10/sweetalert2.all.min.js" integrity="sha512-KWZQo2EiUMmEMrjJUUZoWP8k/mL57L5PPjQF23Vv77jGidQK8WPsX/RoQ7uI0cnjDDCU8ZXa1NG24HkLOqI9sg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="keywords" content="Manufacturing & Prototyping"> <meta name="author" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta property="og:description" content="Explore innovations supporting advances in Manufacturing, Rapid Prototyping that impact applications in 3D Printing and Automation"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta value="twitter:site" content="@TechBriefsMag"> <meta name="description" content="Explore innovations supporting advances in Manufacturing, Rapid Prototyping that impact applications in 3D Printing and Automation"> <title>Manufacturing & Prototyping - Tech Briefs</title> <link href="https://www.techbriefs.com/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping" rel="canonical"> <style>/** * Critical CSS created by criticalcss.com * file: /css/critical/tags-topic.css' * createdAt : 2025-01-16T06:13:51.000Z * resultStatus : GOOD * originalSize : 289846 * size : 0 * validationStatus : WARN */ @charset "UTF-8";@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wWw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh6UVSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}:root{--bs-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-purple:#6f42c1;--bs-pink:#d63384;--bs-red:#dc3545;--bs-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-green:#198754;--bs-teal:#20c997;--bs-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-black:#000;--bs-white:#fff;--bs-gray:#6c757d;--bs-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-gray-100:#f8f9fa;--bs-gray-200:#e9ecef;--bs-gray-300:#dee2e6;--bs-gray-400:#ced4da;--bs-gray-500:#adb5bd;--bs-gray-600:#6c757d;--bs-gray-700:#495057;--bs-gray-800:#343a40;--bs-gray-900:#212529;--bs-primary:#324a98;--bs-secondary:#6c757d;--bs-success:#198754;--bs-info:#0dcaf0;--bs-warning:#ffc107;--bs-danger:#e60000;--bs-light:#f8f9fa;--bs-dark:#212529;--bs-inverse:#000;--bs-navbar:#324a98;--bs-navitem:#fff;--bs-lightgray:#e9ecef;--bs-color-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-color-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-color-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-color-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-color-red:#dc3545;--bs-color-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-color-teal:#20c997;--bs-color-green:#198754;--bs-color-pink:#d63384;--bs-color-black:#000;--bs-color-white:#fff;--bs-color-gray:#6c757d;--bs-color-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-primary-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-secondary-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-success-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-info-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-warning-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-danger-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-light-rgb:248,249,250;--bs-dark-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-inverse-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-navbar-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-navitem-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-lightgray-rgb:233,236,239;--bs-color-indigo-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-color-cyan-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-color-blue-rgb:13,110,253;--bs-color-orange-rgb:253,126,20;--bs-color-red-rgb:220,53,69;--bs-color-yellow-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-color-teal-rgb:32,201,151;--bs-color-green-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-color-pink-rgb:214,51,132;--bs-color-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-color-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-color-gray-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb:52,58,64;--bs-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-body-color-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-body-bg-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-font-sans-serif:"Lato",sans-serif;--bs-font-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--bs-gradient:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));--bs-body-font-family:Lucida Bright,Lucidabright,Lucida Serif,Lucida,Palatino,Times New Roman,Times,serif;--bs-body-font-size:1rem;--bs-body-font-weight:400;--bs-body-line-height:1.5;--bs-body-color:#212529;--bs-body-bg:#ffffff;--bs-border-width:1px;--bs-border-style:solid;--bs-border-color:#ced4da;--bs-border-color-translucent:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175);--bs-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-border-radius-sm:0.25rem;--bs-border-radius-lg:0.5rem;--bs-border-radius-xl:1rem;--bs-border-radius-2xl:2rem;--bs-border-radius-pill:50rem;--bs-link-color:#324a98;--bs-link-hover-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-code-color:#d63384;--bs-highlight-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4)}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-body-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-body-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-body-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-body-line-height);color:var(--bs-body-color);text-align:var(--bs-body-text-align);background-color:var(--bs-body-bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;padding-top:150px}hr{margin:1rem 0;color:inherit;border:0;border-top:1px solid #6c757d;opacity:.25}h1,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:calc(1.325rem + .9vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h1{font-size:2rem}}h3{font-size:calc(1.3rem + .6vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h3{font-size:1.75rem}}h4{font-size:calc(1.275rem + .3vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h4{font-size:1.5rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}h6{font-size:1rem}p{margin-top:0}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem;margin-top:0}ol,p,ul{margin-bottom:1rem}a{color:var(--bs-link-color);text-decoration:none}img{vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;height:auto}label{display:inline-block}button{border-radius:0;text-transform:none;margin:0;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}iframe{border:0}.container,.container-fluid{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media (min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.features .story .item-wrapper,.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(-1*var(--bs-gutter-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x));margin-left:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x))}.features .story .item-wrapper>*,.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col{flex:1 0 0%}.col-1{flex:0 0 auto;width:8.33333333%}.col-2,.col-3{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-3{width:25%}.col-5{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-12,.features .story .item-wrapper>div{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}.g-0{--bs-gutter-x:0;--bs-gutter-y:0}@media (min-width:576px){.col-sm-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-sm-5,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-sm-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-sm-7,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}.col-sm-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-5{flex:0 0 auto;width:41.66666667%}.col-md-6,.features .story{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-md-7{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}#ntb-tags-level-topic .marquee>div:first-child{flex:0 0 auto;width:75%}.col-md-12,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-lg-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-xl-1{flex:0 0 auto;width:8.33333333%}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.375rem;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.form-control::-webkit-date-and-time-value{height:1.5em}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#6c757d;opacity:1}.form-floating{position:relative}.form-floating>.form-control{height:calc(3.5rem + 2px);line-height:1.25;padding:1rem .75rem}.form-floating>label{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:1rem .75rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:start;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid transparent;transform-origin:0 0}.form-floating>.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill{padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill~label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(.85) translateY(-.5rem) translateX(.15rem)}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-floating{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group .btn{position:relative;z-index:2}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.form-floating:not(:last-child)>.form-control{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-feedback):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-feedback){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.btn{color:var(--bs-btn-color);background-color:var(--bs-btn-bg);--bs-btn-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-btn-padding-y:0.375rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1rem;--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-line-height:1.5;--bs-btn-color:#212529;--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-width:1px;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-btn-disabled-opacity:0.65;--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow:0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb), .5);display:inline-block;padding:var(--bs-btn-padding-y) var(--bs-btn-padding-x);font-family:var(--bs-btn-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-btn-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-btn-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-btn-line-height);text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:var(--bs-btn-border-width) solid var(--bs-btn-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-btn-border-radius);background-image:var(--bs-gradient);box-shadow:var(--bs-btn-box-shadow)}.btn-primary{--bs-btn-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-border-color:#324a98;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(42.5, 62.9, 129.2);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(37.5, 55.5, 114);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#324a98}.btn-primary,.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-color:#fff;--bs-btn-hover-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#fff}.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-border-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(91.8, 99.45, 106.25);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:130,138,145;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(81, 87.75, 93.75);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#6c757d}.btn-link{--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-active-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-active-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-disabled-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:none;--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;text-decoration:none;background-image:none}.btn-sm{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-btn-font-size:0.875rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.25rem}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:#6c757d;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav-link{display:block;padding:var(--bs-nav-link-padding-y) var(--bs-nav-link-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-nav-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-nav-link-font-weight);color:var(--bs-nav-link-color)}.nav-fill .nav-item{flex:1 1 auto;text-align:center}.nav-fill .nav-item .nav-link{width:100%}.navbar{--bs-navbar-padding-x:0;--bs-navbar-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--bs-navbar-active-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end:1rem;--bs-navbar-brand-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba%280, 0, 0, 0.55%29' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-focus-width:0.25rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-padding-x);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.navbar>.container,.navbar>.container-fluid{display:flex;flex-wrap:inherit;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-brand{padding-top:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);padding-bottom:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);margin-right:var(--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-brand-font-size);color:var(--bs-navbar-brand-color);white-space:nowrap}.navbar-nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-navbar-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-navbar-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:var(--bs-navbar-disabled-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-collapse{flex-basis:100%;flex-grow:1;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size);line-height:1;color:var(--bs-navbar-color);background-color:transparent;border:var(--bs-border-width) solid var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius)}@media (min-width:576px){.navbar-expand-sm{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x);padding-left:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x)}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-collapse{display:flex!important;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-toggler{display:none}}body:before{display:none}.navbar-dark{--bs-navbar-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);--bs-navbar-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-brand-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:transparent;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:none}.card{--bs-card-spacer-y:1rem;--bs-card-spacer-x:1rem;--bs-card-title-spacer-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-border-width:1px;--bs-card-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-card-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-card-inner-border-radius:calc(0.375rem - 1px);--bs-card-cap-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-cap-padding-x:1rem;--bs-card-cap-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);--bs-card-bg:#f8f9fa;--bs-card-img-overlay-padding:1rem;--bs-card-group-margin:0.75rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;height:var(--bs-card-height);word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--bs-card-bg);background-clip:border-box;border:var(--bs-card-border-width) solid var(--bs-card-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-card-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-card-box-shadow)}.card-body{flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-card-spacer-y) var(--bs-card-spacer-x);color:var(--bs-card-color)}.card-img-top{width:100%;border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-card-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-card-inner-border-radius)}.breadcrumb{display:flex;list-style:none;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x:0;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:0;--bs-breadcrumb-font-size:0.75rem;--bs-breadcrumb-bg:transparent;--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color:#6c757d;--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color:#6c757d;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y) var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom);font-size:var(--bs-breadcrumb-font-size);background-color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-bg);border-radius:var(--bs-breadcrumb-border-radius)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x);color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color);content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider, "|")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color)}.alert{--bs-alert-bg:transparent;--bs-alert-padding-x:1rem;--bs-alert-padding-y:1rem;--bs-alert-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-alert-color:inherit;--bs-alert-border-color:transparent;--bs-alert-border:1px solid var(--bs-alert-border-color);--bs-alert-border-radius:0.375rem;position:relative;padding:var(--bs-alert-padding-y) var(--bs-alert-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-alert-margin-bottom);color:var(--bs-alert-color);background-color:var(--bs-alert-bg);border:var(--bs-alert-border);border-radius:var(--bs-alert-border-radius)}.alert-heading{color:inherit}.alert-link{font-weight:700}.alert-dismissible{padding-right:3rem}.alert-dismissible .btn-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:2;padding:1.25rem 1rem}.alert-primary,.alert-secondary{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-primary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-primary .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-secondary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-secondary .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-native,.alert-success,.alert-validation{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-native .alert-link,.alert-success .alert-link,.alert-validation .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-info,.alert-warning{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-info{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5)}.alert-info .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-warning{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-warning .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-danger,.alert-error{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-danger .alert-link,.alert-error .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-light{--bs-alert-color:rgb(99.2, 99.6, 100);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(253.6, 253.8, 254);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(252.9, 253.2, 253.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-light .alert-link{color:#4f5050}.alert-cleanup,.alert-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.8, 22.2, 24.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.6, 211.4, 212.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.4, 189.6, 190.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cleanup .alert-link,.alert-dark .alert-link{color:#101214}.alert-inverse{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-inverse .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-navbar{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-navbar .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-lightgray,.alert-navbar,.alert-navitem{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-navitem{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-navitem .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-lightgray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(93.2, 94.4, 95.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.6, 251.2, 251.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.4, 249.3, 250.2)}.alert-lightgray .alert-link{color:#4b4c4c}.alert-advertising,.alert-color-indigo{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-advertising .alert-link,.alert-color-indigo .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-color-cyan,.alert-notice{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-cyan .alert-link,.alert-notice .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-color-blue,.alert-criticalcss{--bs-alert-color:rgb(7.8, 66, 151.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 226, 254.6);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 211.5, 254.4);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-blue .alert-link,.alert-criticalcss .alert-link{color:#063579}.alert-cache,.alert-color-orange{--bs-alert-color:rgb(151.8, 75.6, 12);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(254.6, 229.2, 208);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(254.4, 216.3, 184.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cache .alert-link,.alert-color-orange .alert-link{color:#793c0a}.alert-color-red{--bs-alert-color:rgb(132, 31.8, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(248, 214.6, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(244.5, 194.4, 199.2);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-red .alert-link{color:#6a1921}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-yellow{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cdnjs .alert-link,.alert-color-yellow .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-color-teal,.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.2, 120.6, 90.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.4, 244.2, 234.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.1, 238.8, 223.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-teal .alert-link,.alert-topic .alert-link{color:#0f6048}.alert-color-green{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-green .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-cloudinary,.alert-color-pink{--bs-alert-color:rgb(128.4, 30.6, 79.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(246.8, 214.2, 230.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(242.7, 193.8, 218.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cloudinary .alert-link,.alert-color-pink .alert-link{color:#67183f}.alert-color-black{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-black .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-color-white{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white;background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-white .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-color-gray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-color-gray-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(31.2, 34.8, 38.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214.4, 215.6, 216.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(194.1, 195.9, 197.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray-dark .alert-link{color:#191c1f}.btn-close{box-sizing:content-box;width:1em;height:1em;padding:.25em;color:#000;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='%23000000'%3e%3cpath d='M.293.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586 14.293.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 .293 1.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") center/1em auto no-repeat;border:0;border-radius:.375rem;opacity:.5}.modal{--bs-modal-zindex:1055;--bs-modal-width:500px;--bs-modal-padding:1rem;--bs-modal-margin:0.5rem;--bs-modal-bg:#ffffff;--bs-modal-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-modal-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-border-radius:0.5rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-modal-inner-border-radius:calc(0.5rem - 1px);--bs-modal-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding-y:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding:1rem 1rem;--bs-modal-header-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-header-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-title-line-height:1.5;--bs-modal-footer-gap:0.5rem;--bs-modal-footer-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-footer-border-width:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:var(--bs-modal-zindex);display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:var(--bs-modal-margin)}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transform:translate(0,-50px)}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;color:var(--bs-modal-color);background-color:var(--bs-modal-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-modal-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-modal-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-modal-box-shadow);outline:0}.modal-header{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-modal-header-padding);border-bottom:var(--bs-modal-header-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-header-border-color);border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius)}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:var(--bs-modal-title-line-height)}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-modal-padding)}@media (min-width:576px){.modal{--bs-modal-margin:1.75rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.modal-dialog{max-width:var(--bs-modal-width);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.modal-sm{--bs-modal-width:300px}}.offcanvas{--bs-offcanvas-zindex:1045;--bs-offcanvas-width:400px;--bs-offcanvas-height:30vh;--bs-offcanvas-padding-x:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-padding-y:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-bg:#ffffff;--bs-offcanvas-border-width:1px;--bs-offcanvas-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:var(--bs-offcanvas-zindex);display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-width:100%;color:var(--bs-offcanvas-color);visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--bs-offcanvas-bg);background-clip:padding-box;outline:0;box-shadow:var(--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow)}.offcanvas.offcanvas-start{top:0;left:0;width:var(--bs-offcanvas-width);border-right:var(--bs-offcanvas-border-width) solid var(--bs-offcanvas-border-color);transform:translateX(-100%)}.offcanvas-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)}.offcanvas-header .btn-close{padding:calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y)*.5) calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)*.5);margin-top:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x));margin-bottom:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y))}.offcanvas-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.offcanvas-body{flex-grow:1;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x);overflow-y:auto}.fixed-top{position:fixed;right:0;left:0;z-index:1030;top:0}.float-end{float:right!important}.d-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-block{display:block!important}.d-flex{display:flex!important}.d-none{display:none!important}.position-relative{position:relative!important}.border{border:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-secondary{--bs-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-secondary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.w-50{width:50%!important}.w-75{width:75%!important}.w-100{width:100%!important}.mw-100{max-width:100%!important}.flex-nowrap{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.align-content-center{align-content:center!important}.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.my-0{margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important}.my-1,.navbar-side-item p{margin-top:.25rem!important;margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important;margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mt-0{margin-top:0!important}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title h6,.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mt-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.me-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.me-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.me-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.me-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.me-auto{margin-right:auto!important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.features .story,.mb-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.mb-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mb-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ms-0{margin-left:0!important}.ms-1{margin-left:.25rem!important}.ms-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.ms-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.ms-auto{margin-left:auto!important}.p-0{padding:0!important}.px-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.px-4{padding-right:1.5rem!important;padding-left:1.5rem!important}.py-0{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}.py-3{padding-top:1rem!important;padding-bottom:1rem!important}.pt-0{padding-top:0!important}.pt-1{padding-top:.25rem!important}.pt-5{padding-top:3rem!important}.pe-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem!important}.navbar-side-item p{padding-left:0!important}.ps-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.ps-5{padding-left:3rem!important}.fw-normal{font-weight:400!important}.features .story,.text-start{text-align:left!important}.text-center{text-align:center!important}.text-uppercase{text-transform:uppercase!important}.text-primary{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-reset{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:inherit!important}.bg-inverse,.bg-navbar{--bs-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgba(var(--bs-inverse-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}.bg-navbar{background-color:rgba(var(--bs-navbar-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}@media (min-width:576px){.d-sm-block{display:block!important}.d-sm-none{display:none!important}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title h6,.mt-sm-0{margin-top:0!important}.features .story,.mb-sm-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.px-sm-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.ps-sm-0{padding-left:0!important}.ps-sm-2{padding-left:.5rem!important}.form-inline .form-control{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:768px){.d-md-block{display:block!important}.d-md-flex{display:flex!important}.d-md-none{display:none!important}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-title h6,.mt-md-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.features .story,.mb-md-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}}@media (min-width:992px){.d-lg-block{display:block!important}.d-lg-none{display:none!important}}@media (min-width:1200px){.d-xl-block{display:block!important}}form{font-family:Lato,sans-serif}[role=button]{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button{font-family:Lato,sans-serif!important}.nav-link{font-size:16px;text-transform:uppercase}.nav-bottom .nav-link{font-size:11px;height:100%;letter-spacing:.1em}.nav-bottom li{border-left:1px solid #fff}.nav-bottom li:last-child{border-right:1px solid #fff}.navbar{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}@media (max-width:767.98px){.navbar{border-bottom:10px solid #324a98}body{padding-top:85px}}.navbar-brand img{max-width:none;max-height:65px}.navbar-side{padding:0;list-style:none}.navbar-side a{color:#212529}.navbar-side h6{color:#324a98;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar-side h6 a{color:#324a98}.navbar-side hr{border-color:#495057;margin-left:1rem}.navbar-side-item{padding-left:1rem}.menu-side-sections>div li:first-of-type,.navbar-side-item p:first-of-type{margin-top:1.25rem}.navbar-side-item a{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}.navbar-toggler{padding:.75rem!important}.navbar-toggler-left{position:absolute}.breadcrumb{text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Lato,sans-serif}.alert{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:smaller}.alert-heading{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:lighter}@media (min-width:576px){.container{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}.blur-up{filter:blur(3px)}.sans-serif{font-family:Lato,sans-serif}.min-h-2{min-height:2rem}.min-h-3{min-height:3rem}html{scroll-padding-top:100px}.panel-heading h6:after{font-family:"Arial Black",Arial,sans-serif;content:"–";float:right;color:#343a40;padding:0 5px;font-size:1.2rem}.panel-heading .collapsed h6:after{content:"+"}.tb-mediagroup{background-color:#fff;padding:5px 0;color:#000}.tb-mediagroup a{color:#000}.tb-mediagroup .panel-heading h6:after,footer nav a{color:#212529}@media (max-width:575.98px){.navbar-brand img{max-width:90%}body:before{content:"xs"}}@media (min-width:576px) and (max-width:767.98px){body:before{content:"sm"}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991.98px){body:before{content:"md"}}@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199.98px){body:before{content:"lg"}}@media (min-width:1200px) and (max-width:1399.98px){#menu-top-hubs ul{width:1140px}body:before{content:"xl"}}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1200px}@media (min-width:1400px){#menu-top-hubs ul{width:1320px}body:before{content:"xxl"}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1400px;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}}.hidden,.printmessage{display:none}#secondary-stories img{max-width:100%}.hub-overline,.section-overline{color:#324a98}.hub-overline,.overline,.section-overline{text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}.overline{color:#6c757d;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:.75rem}.section-overline{border-top:4px solid #324a98;padding-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:left}@media (max-width:575.98px){.hub-overline{font-size:1.75rem}}.topics-label{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.875rem;color:#6c757d}.feature-grid img,.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image img,.features .story .item-wrapper>div img{width:100%}.features .story .item-wrapper .feature-image{align-items:center}#ntb-tags-level-topic .grid-features{margin-bottom:1rem}.object-fit-contain{-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.story-list h4{border-top:4px solid #324a98;padding-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;color:#324a98}.story-list h6{font-size:.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:0}.story-list p{font-size:.875rem;border-bottom:1px solid #495057;padding-bottom:.5rem;line-height:1.2}.story-list p:last-of-type{border:0}.story-list a{color:#324a98;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:bolder}.story-list img{width:80px;height:45px}.story-min-height{min-height:2.6rem}@media (max-width:991.98px){.story-min-height{min-height:1px}}.bxslider{margin:0;padding:0;min-height:250px}ul.bxslider{list-style:none}ul.bxslider li{width:175px}.followus-link{color:#495057;text-decoration:none;font-size:1.5rem}.followus-link:after{display:inline-block;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem;content:"|"}.followus-link:last-child:after{content:""}</style> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/"},"csrf.token":"893a4c19fe875791908e60f67c425490","system.keepalive":{"interval":3600000,"uri":"\/component\/ajax\/?format=json"}}</script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ /** * Keepalive javascript behavior * * Used for keeping the session alive * * @package Joomla.JavaScript * @since 3.7.0 */ if (!window.Joomla) { throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised'); } const keepAliveOptions = Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive'); const keepAliveInterval = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.interval ? parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval, 10) : 45 * 1000; let keepAliveUri = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.uri ? keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g, '&') : ''; // Fallback in case no keepalive uri was found. if (keepAliveUri === '') { const systemPaths = Joomla.getOptions('system.paths'); keepAliveUri = `${systemPaths ? `${systemPaths.root}/index.php` : window.location.pathname}?option=com_ajax&format=json`; } setInterval(() => fetch(keepAliveUri, { method: 'POST' }), keepAliveInterval); /* end /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js */ </script> <script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async tb-donotmove></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="TB :: All Articles [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=0&topic_tag=0&nav_cluster=61&nav_tag=0&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="TB [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=36&topic_tag=&nav_cluster=61&nav_tag=&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="next" href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping?start=0"> <noscript tb-donotmove> <img class="nolazyload" height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=240802493731265&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>  <script tb-donotmove>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MSN5FV9'); </script>  </head> <body>  <noscript tb-donotmove > <iframe src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MSN5FV9" height = "0" width = "0" style = "display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe > </noscript >  <header class="header"> <div class="header-container container-fluid fixed-top p-0"> <nav class="header-nav navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark bg-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <button class="hamburger navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-left d-sm-none d-block" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#HamburgerSidebar" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </button> <div id="hamburger-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse d-md-block d-none"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto"> <li class="nav-item active"> <a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars me-2"></i>Menu </a></li></ul></div> <a href="/" class="navbar-brand ps-sm-0 ps-5 mx-auto"> <img class="logolarge d-none d-md-block nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/site-logo_tag.png" alt="Tech Briefs" height="65"/> <img class="logosmall d-md-none nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/site-logo.png" alt="Tech Briefs"/> </a> <div id="newsmag-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse"><ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto"> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link" href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#cb-form">LOGIN</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link" href="/account/registration">SIGN UP</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="search-side-button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </a></li></ul></div></div> </nav> <nav class="main-nav bg-navbar navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark main-nav nav-fill py-0"> <div class="main-nav-container container mx-auto px-0"><div id="menu-top-hubs"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav nav-bottom flex-nowrap d-md-flex d-none mx-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging">Photonics & Imaging</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation">Motion Control/Automation</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/sensors-test">Sensors & Test</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics">Mechanical/Mechatronics</a></li></ul></div></div> <div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" style="position: relative"> <div id="toast_container" style="position: absolute; top: 40px; right: 5px; z-index: 10"></div></div> </nav></div><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="HamburgerSidebar" aria-labelledby="HamburgerSidebarLabel"> <div class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="HamburgerSidebarLabel"></h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pt-0"> <div class="search-container w-100 ps-3"><form id="searchform" action="/tb/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <ul class="navbar-side nav-bar"><div class="menu-side-sections row me-1"> <div class="navbar-side-item col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/techbriefs">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tv">Tech Briefs TV</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/webcasts">Webinars</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/webcasts/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/stories/blog">Blog</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/features/products">Products</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/features">Features</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/resources/special-reports">Special Reports</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/events">Events</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/stories/quiz">Quizzes</a></li></div></div><div id="sidebar-accordion" class="navbar-side-item" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"><div id="menu-side-hubs"> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-874" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-874" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-874"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-874" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-874"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/software">Software</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/communications">Communications</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/lighting">Lighting</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/electrical-electronics">Electrical/Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/rf-microwave-electronics">RF & Microwave Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/semiconductors-ics">Semiconductors & ICs</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/energy">Energy</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging">Photonics & Imaging</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-876" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-876" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-876"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-876" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-876"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging/photonics-optics">Photonics/Optics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging/imaging">Imaging</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation">Motion Control/Automation</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-877" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-877" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-877"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-877" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-877"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation/motion-control">Motion Control</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation/robotics-automation-control">Robotics, Automation & Control</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test">Sensors & Test</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-878" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-878" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-878"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-878" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-878"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test/sensors-data-acquisition">Sensors/Data Acquisition</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-879" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-879" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-879"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-879" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-879"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping">Manufacturing & Prototyping</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/materials-coatings">Materials & Coatings</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics">Mechanical/Mechatronics</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-880" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-880" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-880"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-880" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-880"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/mechanical-fluid-systems">Mechanical & Fluid Systems</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/propulsion">Propulsion</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/transportation">Transportation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/automotive">Automotive</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="menu-side-explore row mt-2 me-1 tb-mediagroup"> <div class="explore-title col-10 navbar-side-item"> <h6 class="my-2">Explore SAE Media Group</h6></div> <div id="explore-heading" class="col-2 navbar-side-item panel-heading" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed mt-1" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#explore-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="explore-collapse"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="explore-collapse" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="explore-heading"> <div class="explore-wrapper col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://createthefuturecontest.com">Create the Future Design Contest</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="/tb/spinoff">NASA Spinoffs</a></li></div></div></div><div class="col-12 px-0"> <li class="me-3"> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52568-doc-9567" class="side-link w-75"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1738128110/sites/tb/covers/TB-2025-02.jpg' class='w-50 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a></p> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52568-doc-9567" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p></li> <li> <p><a href="/tb/magazine/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Magazine Archives</a></p></li> <li> <p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=TEBland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></p></li></div><div class="menu-side-followus mb-5"> <hr class="ms-0 me-4 my-1"> <div class="followus-wrapper my-3"> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h6 class="mb-0">FOLLOW US</h6></div> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <p class="text-primary"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=facebook&username=TechBriefsMagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=twitter&username=TechBriefsMag" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=instagram&username=techbriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div></div></div></ul></div></div></header> <section id="print-only-message" class="printmessage"> <h6><img data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/print-logo_tag.png" class="printlogo lazyload"/></h6> </section> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="SAE Media Group"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com"/> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/templates/tbmg/images/tbmg_logo.png"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="50"/> </span> </span><div class="container"><nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing"><span itemprop="name">Materials & Manufacturing</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span> Manufacturing & Prototyping</span></li></ol> </nav><div id="system-message-container"></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_1800x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_1800x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_11_modid_337',target_pos:'11',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_11_modid_337' class=""></div></div></div><div id="ntb-tags-level-topic"><div class="marquee row px-0"> <div class="col"> <h6 class="hub-overline"> Materials & Manufacturing</h6> <h1 class="hub-overline d-inline-block mb-0"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h1></div> <div class="w-100 mt-2"></div> <div class="topics-label col-xl-1 col-sm-2 col-12"> <p class="text-uppercase text-primary"> Topics:</p></div> <div class="topics-list col"> <ul class="breadcrumb pt-0 mb-0"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping/rapid-prototyping-tooling">Rapid Prototyping & Tooling</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping/industrial-controls-automation">Industrial Controls & Automation</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping/consumer-product-manufacturing">Consumer Product Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping/custom-contract-manufacturing">Custom & Contract Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping/3-d-printing-additive-manufacturing">3 D Printing & Additive Manufacturing</a></li></ul></div> <div class="w-100"></div> <div class="col"> <p class="sans-serif mt-0 mb-3"> Explore innovations supporting advances in manufacturing and rapid prototyping. Access the developments and solutions that have an impact on applications in 3D printing and automation.</p></div> <div class="sponsor-box col-3 pt-1"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_200x75',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_200x75',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[200,75]],div_id:'GAM_pos_10_modid_368',target_pos:'10',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_10_modid_368' class=""></div></div></div></div></div><section id="secondary-stories" class="mw-100"> <div class="grid-features row"> <div class="left-column col-lg-8 col-md-7"> <div class="feature-grid"><div class="features row"><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52563-ai-driven-manufacturing-efficiency-tool?m=1062"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1739338567/sites/tb/features-16x9/52563/tb-0325-qa-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Q&A: AR/AI</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52563-ai-driven-manufacturing-efficiency-tool?m=1062">AI-Driven Manufacturing Efficiency Tool</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52545-how-much-do-you-know-about-microwave-heating?m=1062"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1738865718/sites/tb/features-16x9/52545/020725-tb-quiz-microwave_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Quiz: Energy</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52545-how-much-do-you-know-about-microwave-heating?m=1062">How Much Do You Know About Microwave Heating?</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52508-uxv-35-a-new-approach-to-lowering-the-cost-of-designing-drones?m=1062"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1739244353/sites/tb/features-16x9/52508/020325-tb-podcast-uxv35_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Electronics & Computers</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52508-uxv-35-a-new-approach-to-lowering-the-cost-of-designing-drones?m=1062">UxV/35: A New Approach to Lowering the Cost of Designing Drones</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52479-ai-discovers-stiff-and-tough-microstructures?m=1062"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1738217920/sites/tb/features-16x9/52479/tb-0225-p35_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Materials</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52479-ai-discovers-stiff-and-tough-microstructures?m=1062">AI Discovers Stiff and Tough Microstructures</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="story text-start col-md-6 mb-md-2 mb-sm-5 mb-2"> <div class="item-wrapper row"> <div class="feature-image text-center col-md-12 col-sm-5 col-12"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52478-ksc-tops-95?m=1062"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1738220361/sites/tb/features-16x9/52478/tb-0225-p34_fig2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="feature-title col-md-12 col-sm-7 col-12"> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-sm-0 mt-2"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Physical Sciences</h6> <h5><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52478-ksc-tops-95?m=1062">Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Modules (COSM)</a></h5></div></div></div><div class="col-md-6 mb-5 mb-md-2"> <div class="card"> <img data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/placeholders/auddev-ad3.png" class="card-img-top lazyload" alt="subscribe to magazine"> <div class="card-body"> <h6 class="py-3 fw-normal"> Get the latest breakthroughs from NASA & other technology sources.</h6> <div> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=TEBland" target="_om"> <button class="btn btn-primary"> SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="right-column col-lg-4 col-md-5 d-md-block d-none"><div class="story-list row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Top Stories</h4><div class="top-stories-box story-list"> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52417-smallest-walking-robot-makes-microscale-measurements"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1737492055/sites/tb/features-16x9/52417/20250122_robotics_automation_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Data Acquisition</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52417-smallest-walking-robot-makes-microscale-measurements" alt="Smallest Walking Robot Makes Microscale Measurements"> Smallest Walking Robot Makes Microscale Measurements</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52502-mit-engineers-grow-high-rise-3d-chips"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738353007/sites/tb/features-16x9/52502/20250203_electronics_sensors_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Design</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52502-mit-engineers-grow-high-rise-3d-chips" alt="MIT Engineers Grow “High-Rise” 3D Chips"> MIT Engineers Grow “High-Rise” 3D Chips</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52416-a-new-home-for-sustainability-robotics"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1737491842/sites/tb/features-16x9/52416/20250122_robotics_automation_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Test & Measurement</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52416-a-new-home-for-sustainability-robotics" alt="A New Home for Sustainability Robotics"> A New Home for Sustainability Robotics</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52321-integrating-fragile-2d-materials-into-devices"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1735652206/sites/tb/features-16x9/52321/tb-0125-p20_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Electronics & Computers</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52321-integrating-fragile-2d-materials-into-devices" alt="Integrating Fragile 2D Materials into Devices"> Integrating Fragile 2D Materials into Devices</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52406-my-opinion-theres-a-practical-way-to-fix-the-electric-grid-bottleneck"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1737304572/sites/tb/features-16x9/52406/012125-tb-blog_grid_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Energy</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52406-my-opinion-theres-a-practical-way-to-fix-the-electric-grid-bottleneck" alt="My Opinion: There’s a Practical Way to Fix the Electric Grid Bottleneck"> My Opinion: There’s a Practical Way to Fix the Electric Grid Bottleneck</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none position-relative" style="width:80px"> <a href="/component/content/article/52504-soft-bioelectronic-sensor-implant"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738353412/sites/tb/features-16x9/52504/20250203_electronics_sensors_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52504-soft-bioelectronic-sensor-implant" alt="Soft, Bioelectronic Sensor Implant"> Soft, Bioelectronic Sensor Implant</a></p></div></div></div></div></div> </section> <section id="sponsored-content"> <div class="mid-sponsor" id="mid-sponsor"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_12_modid_352',target_pos:'12',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_12_modid_352' class=""></div></div></div><div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">White Papers</h4></div> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-default" class="bxs-default hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50731-doc-9347" alt="Reliability of Aircraft Electronics with Hermetic Solutions "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1727549510/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Ametek_How-Hermetic-Solutions-Ensure-Reliability-of-Critical-Aerospace-and-Defense-Electronics.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Aerospace</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50731-doc-9347" alt="Reliability of Aircraft Electronics with Hermetic Solutions ">Reliability of Aircraft Electronics with Hermetic...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52239-doc-9527" alt="MedTech Fluid Management Optimization: The Design Engineer’s Guide"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733790899/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/CPC-MedTech-Fluid-Management-Optimization-The-Design-Engineers-Guide.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52239-doc-9527" alt="MedTech Fluid Management Optimization: The Design Engineer’s Guide">MedTech Fluid Management Optimization: The Design...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50544-doc-9321" alt="Five Reasons to Select an Electric Actuator Over a Rodless Cylinder"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1713447062/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Rollon_Five-Reasons-to-Select-an-Electric-Actuator.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50544-doc-9321" alt="Five Reasons to Select an Electric Actuator Over a Rodless Cylinder">Five Reasons to Select an Electric Actuator Over...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49062-doc-9117" alt="Revolutionizing Industrial Efficiency with Grundfos E-pumps"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1725856459/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Grundfos_E-pumps.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49062-doc-9117" alt="Revolutionizing Industrial Efficiency with Grundfos E-pumps">Revolutionizing Industrial Efficiency with...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51024-doc-9380" alt="Multi-Energy Vehicles: Improving Efficiency and Accelerating Development"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1719527248/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/AMD-Dassault_Multi-Energy-Vehicles.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51024-doc-9380" alt="Multi-Energy Vehicles: Improving Efficiency and Accelerating Development">Multi-Energy Vehicles: Improving Efficiency and...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51535-doc-9463" alt="Innovations in Additive Manufacturing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1725942324/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/MKS-Ophir_Perfect-Beam-for-Innovative-Photopolymerization.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51535-doc-9463" alt="Innovations in Additive Manufacturing">Innovations in Additive Manufacturing</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51972-doc-9505" alt="How to Improve Machine Performance with Multi-Axis Motion System Error Budgeting"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733769664/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Aerotech_How-to-Improve-Machine-Performance-with-Multi-Axis-Motion-System-Error-Budgeting.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Motion Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51972-doc-9505" alt="How to Improve Machine Performance with Multi-Axis Motion System Error Budgeting">How to Improve Machine Performance with...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/37265-doc-7860" alt="Smartdisplay™ Switches From NKK Switches Bring New Capabilities to Applications Where a Tactile Feel is Just as Important as a Visual Display of Information"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1594820576/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/NKK-Switches_A-Nice-Touch-for-the-Human-Machine-Interface.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Communications</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/37265-doc-7860" alt="Smartdisplay™ Switches From NKK Switches Bring New Capabilities to Applications Where a Tactile Feel is Just as Important as a Visual Display of Information">Smartdisplay™ Switches From NKK Switches Bring...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51379-doc-9424" alt="Precision, Compliance, Supply Chains: How Aerospace Manufacturers Can Overcome Challenges and Minimize Risks"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1732466241/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EPICOR_Precision-Compliance-Supply-Chains.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51379-doc-9424" alt="Precision, Compliance, Supply Chains: How Aerospace Manufacturers Can Overcome Challenges and Minimize Risks">Precision, Compliance, Supply Chains: How...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51822-doc-9490" alt="The Advantages of CL220 Split Seam Compression Limiters"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1728586850/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Spirol_The-Advantages-of-CL220-Split-Seam-Compression-Limiters.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51822-doc-9490" alt="The Advantages of CL220 Split Seam Compression Limiters">The Advantages of CL220 Split Seam Compression...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51530-doc-9457" alt="Unlock a Sustainable Future in Automotive Manufacturing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1725857011/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Grundfos_The-Impressive-Potential-of-Intelligent-Pump-Technology.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51530-doc-9457" alt="Unlock a Sustainable Future in Automotive Manufacturing">Unlock a Sustainable Future in Automotive...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50184-doc-9254" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 3: Making a Move"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1724530956/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Flexan_Manufacturing-Transfers-for-Medtech-Innovators-Part3.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50184-doc-9254" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 3: Making a Move">Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49689-doc-9210" alt="Hawk Ridge and Markforged Bring You the Latest in Additive Technology For Aerospace"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1701958075/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Hawk-Ridge_Additive-Manufacturing-and-Aerospace.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/49689-doc-9210" alt="Hawk Ridge and Markforged Bring You the Latest in Additive Technology For Aerospace">Hawk Ridge and Markforged Bring You the Latest in...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52058-doc-9516" alt="Navigating Challenges in Optical Filter Subassemblies"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1732053320/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Chroma_Optimizing-Optical-Filter-Components-for-Subassemblies.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52058-doc-9516" alt="Navigating Challenges in Optical Filter Subassemblies">Navigating Challenges in Optical Filter...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50185-doc-9246" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 4: Matching Technical Expertise in Equipment and Software Applications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1708992709/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Flexan_Manufacturing-Transfers-for-Medtech-Innovators-Part4.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Software</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/50185-doc-9246" alt="Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators Part 4: Matching Technical Expertise in Equipment and Software Applications">Manufacturing Transfers for Medtech Innovators...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51670-doc-9480" alt="Increase BEV and HEV Efficiency Through Advanced Multi-Shift Technology"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1727843294/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Amsted_Increase-BEV-and-HEV-Efficiency.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51670-doc-9480" alt="Increase BEV and HEV Efficiency Through Advanced Multi-Shift Technology">Increase BEV and HEV Efficiency Through Advanced...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540" alt="Exploring AI in Robotics & Industrial Automation"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1736289601/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Amphenol_Exploring-AI-in-Robotics-and-Industrial-Automation.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540" alt="Exploring AI in Robotics & Industrial Automation">Exploring AI in Robotics & Industrial Automation</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51623-doc-9476" alt="High-Precision Motion Components Drive Advances in Semiconductor Production"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1726738135/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/IKO_High-Precision-Motion-Components-Drive-Advances-in-Semiconductor-Production.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Motion Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a class="whitepaper_carousel_link" href="/component/content/article/51623-doc-9476" alt="High-Precision Motion Components Drive Advances in Semiconductor Production">High-Precision Motion Components Drive Advances...</a></h6></li></ul></div> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-next"></span></h3></div></div></div> </section> <section id="secondary-stories" class="mw-100"> <div class="lower-stories row mt-sm-4 mt-0"> <div class="left-column col-lg-8 col-md-7 col-12"> <div class="section-header"> <div> <h4 class="section-overline mb-4">Latest Briefs & News</h4></div></div><script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_200x75',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_200x75',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[200,75]],div_id:'GAM_pos_03_modid_379',target_pos:'03',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_03_modid_379' class=""></div><div class="item-list"><div id="ntb-tags-index"> <div id="topic-cluster-id" class="d-none">36</div> <div id="topic-tag-id" class="d-none"></div> <div id="nav-cluster-id" class="d-none">61</div> <div id="nav-tag-id" class="d-none"></div> <div id="show-future" class="d-none">0</div> <div id="page-start" class="d-none">0</div> <div id="page-limit" class="d-none">30</div> <div ><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div id="f2_52382" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52382-custom-designs-and-perfect-moldings-with-3d-printing-and-scanning?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738248044/sites/tb/features-16x9/52382/shutterstock_112454201_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52382-custom-designs-and-perfect-moldings-with-3d-printing-and-scanning?m=1062">Custom Designs and Perfect Moldings with 3D Printing and Scanning</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52382" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The demand for custom, low-production molds for prototyping or seasonal products is on the rise. Traditional mold-making processes are costly and time intensive, creating...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52470-providing-robots-a-soft-touch-using-3d-printing?m=1062">Providing Robots a Soft Touch Using 3D Printing</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52470" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A recent study demonstrates that soft skin pads doubling as sensors made from thermoplastic urethane can be efficiently manufactured using 3D printers. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52470" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52470-providing-robots-a-soft-touch-using-3d-printing?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738256076/sites/tb/features-16x9/52470/tb-0225-p28_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52469-detecting-additive-manufacturing-defects-in-real-time?m=1062">Detecting Additive Manufacturing Defects in Real Time</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52469" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A research team led by Associate Professor Tao Sun has made new discoveries that can expand additive manufacturing in aerospace and other industries that rely on strong metal parts. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52469" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52469-detecting-additive-manufacturing-defects-in-real-time?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738257635/sites/tb/features-16x9/52469/tb-0225-p27_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: AR/AI</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52468-new-ar-glasses-use-ai-enhanced-holographic-imaging?m=1062">New AR Glasses Use AI-Enhanced Holographic Imaging</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52468" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers in the emerging field of spatial computing have developed a prototype augmented reality headset that uses holographic imaging to overlay full-color, 3D moving images on the lenses of what would appear to be an ordinary pair of glasses. Read on to learn more about it.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52468" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52468-new-ar-glasses-use-ai-enhanced-holographic-imaging?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738257663/sites/tb/features-16x9/52468/tb-0225-p26_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52467-building-quantum-computers-of-the-future?m=1062">Building Quantum Computers of the Future</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52467" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> This advance could enable quantum computers that use programmable optical qubits or “spin-photon qubits” to connect quantum nodes across a remote network. It could also advance a quantum internet that is not only more secure but could also transmit more data than current optical-fiber information technologies. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52467" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52467-building-quantum-computers-of-the-future?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738257795/sites/tb/features-16x9/52467/tb-0225-p25_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52465-creating-materials-with-stiffness-thermal-insulation?m=1062">Creating Materials with Stiffness, Thermal Insulation</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52465" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers have demonstrated the ability to engineer materials that are both stiff and capable of insulating against heat. This combination of properties is extremely unusual and holds promise for a range of applications, such as the development of new thermal insulation coatings for electronic devices. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52465" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52465-creating-materials-with-stiffness-thermal-insulation?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738259024/sites/tb/features-16x9/52465/tb-0225-p23_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Semiconductors & ICs</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52462-a-dicing-proposition-driving-zero-defects-in-todays-intelligent-vehicles?m=1062">A Dicing Proposition: Driving Zero Defects in Today’s Intelligent Vehicles </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52462" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Read on to learn about the factors that go into driving zero defects in today’s intelligent vehicles.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52462" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52462-a-dicing-proposition-driving-zero-defects-in-todays-intelligent-vehicles?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738255436/sites/tb/features-16x9/52462/tb-0225-p16_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738759102/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Electric-Vehicles-SR-0125.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561?m=1062">Electric Vehicles - January 2025</a></h5> In this collection of articles from the editors of Automotive Engineering and Battery & Electrification Technology, learn about the latest materials innovations, thermal management advances, battery...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561?m=1062" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Design</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52390-integrating-and-testing-the-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope?m=1062">Integrating and Testing the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52390" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In this video, we provide an overview of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope’s mission, capabilities and timeline to launch.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52390" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52390-integrating-and-testing-the-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1736878401/sites/tb/features-16x9/52390/wfi-install-copy-copy_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Technology & Society: Design</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52354-how-aisee-can-make-the-blind-see?m=1062">How AiSee Can Make the Blind ‘See’</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52354" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> AiSee is a smart headphone equipped with an integrated camera, microphone, and an AI-powered software architecture. It “sees” what’s in front of the user, “hears” what the user says, and is able “speak” to the user.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52354" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52354-how-aisee-can-make-the-blind-see?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1737050513/sites/tb/features-16x9/52354/tb-0225-ts-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1736289601/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Amphenol_Exploring-AI-in-Robotics-and-Industrial-Automation.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540?m=1062">Exploring AI in Robotics & Industrial Automation</a></h5> Compute The shift towards automation has transformed the way businesses operate, forever altering the face of the industrial floor. At the heart of this revolution lies the powerful combination...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52363-doc-9540?m=1062" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Quiz: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52350-how-much-do-you-know-about-industrial-robotics?m=1062">How Much Do You Know About Industrial Robotics?</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52350" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Industrial robots are playing a continually increasing role in manufacturing worldwide. It’s therefore important that we in the tech industries have a good understanding of what they are, what they do, and what they can do. How much do you know about industrial robotics? Test your knowledge with this quiz.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52350" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52350-how-much-do-you-know-about-industrial-robotics?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735833405/sites/tb/features-16x9/52350/010325-tb-quiz_robot_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: AR/AI</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52344-the-state-of-ai-manufacturing-2025?m=1062">The State of AI: Manufacturing 2025 </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52344" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> AI represents a tremendous opportunity across the manufacturing industry. To successfully implement and benefit from AI in 2025, manufacturers will need to develop a clear AI strategy, optimize operations, and manage risks. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52344" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52344-the-state-of-ai-manufacturing-2025?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735644803/sites/tb/features-16x9/52344/tb-0125-p9_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52337-new-on-the-market-0125?m=1062">New on the Market</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52337" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See what's new on the market, including Cotronics' Duralco™ 215, an alumina ceramic-based high temperature coating, specially developed for impregnating and coating electrical products to 2500 ºF; COMSOL's Multiphysics ® version 6.3, which delivers new features and capability updates for efficient physics modeling and simulation app development; Binder's angled M5 panel mount connectors; and much more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52337" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52337-new-on-the-market-0125?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735708738/sites/tb/features-16x9/52337/tb-0125-p35_fig4r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52332-snail-inspired-robot-could-scoop-ocean-microplastics?m=1062">Snail-Inspired Robot Could Scoop Ocean Microplastics</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52332" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Inspired by a small and slow snail, scientists have developed a robot prototype that may one day scoop up microplastics from the surfaces of oceans, seas, and lakes.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52332" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52332-snail-inspired-robot-could-scoop-ocean-microplastics?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735556917/sites/tb/features-16x9/52332/tb-0125-p30_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52318-artificial-intelligence-and-industrial-robotics-far-beyond-the-hype?m=1062">Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Robotics: Far Beyond the Hype</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52318" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Accelerating progress in AI is redefining what is possible with industrial robotics, enhancing everything from robots’ ability to grip, pick and place as well as their ability to map and navigate through dynamic environments. Read on to learn more about what this means.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52318" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52318-artificial-intelligence-and-industrial-robotics-far-beyond-the-hype?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735651732/sites/tb/features-16x9/52318/tb-0125-p14_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52317-how-ai-impacts-an-industrial-machinery-manufacturers-design-process?m=1062">How AI Impacts an Industrial Machinery Manufacturer’s Design Process </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52317" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Artificial intelligence will be a key tool going forward in achieving results, offering the ability to more rapidly design, prototype, and implement changes and solutions through superior data analytics abilities and improved human-machine interactions. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52317" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52317-how-ai-impacts-an-industrial-machinery-manufacturers-design-process?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735880703/sites/tb/features-16x9/52317/tb-0125-p12_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: AR/AI</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52316-the-future-of-ai-for-aerospace-manufacturing?m=1062">The Future of AI for Aerospace Manufacturing </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52316" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> All aerospace industry sectors have embraced artificial intelligence and machine learning to improve practical and urgent concerns. AI has become fundamental in the management of safety, part design, inspection processes, maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO), and fuel efficiency. Read on to learn more about it.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52316" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52316-the-future-of-ai-for-aerospace-manufacturing?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1735651874/sites/tb/features-16x9/52316/tb-0125-p10_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_365',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_365' class=""></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52305-how-double-sided-polishing-can-revolutionize-optical-manufacturing?m=1062">How Double-Sided Polishing Can Revolutionize Optical Manufacturing </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52305" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In optical manufacturing, precision polishing is vital to achieving the required flatness, surface quality, and angular precision that many applications demand. Traditionally, single-sided polishing has been the go-to method, particularly for complex components where one-sided control is critical. Read on to learn more about double-sided polishing.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52305" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52305-how-double-sided-polishing-can-revolutionize-optical-manufacturing?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1736051147/sites/tb/features-16x9/52305/pit-0125-p1_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52355-doc-9538?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1736055290/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Test-Measurement-SR-1224.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52355-doc-9538?m=1062">Test & Measurement - December 2024</a></h5> From space satellites to the factory floor to medical labs, innovative test technologies are enabling major performance, quality, and cost improvements. Read about these and other applications in a new report...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52355-doc-9538?m=1062" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Power</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52267-top-10-most-read-tech-briefs-stories-of-2024?m=1062">Top 10 Most-Read Tech Briefs Stories of 2024</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52267" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> With another year of Tech Briefs almost in the books, it's time to look at our most-read articles of 2024.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52267" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52267-top-10-most-read-tech-briefs-stories-of-2024?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734469509/sites/tb/features-16x9/52267/121924-tb-blog_flowbattery2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52263-meet-mobiprint-a-mobile-3d-printer-that-can-automatically-measure-a-room-and-print-to-the-specs?m=1062">Meet MobiPrint: A Mobile 3D Printer that Can Automatically Measure a Room and Print to the Specs</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52263" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> University of Washington researchers have created MobiPrint, a mobile 3D printer that can automatically measure a room and print objects onto its floor. The team’s graphic interface lets users design objects for a space that the robot has mapped out.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52263" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52263-meet-mobiprint-a-mobile-3d-printer-that-can-automatically-measure-a-room-and-print-to-the-specs?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734378483/sites/tb/features-16x9/52263/121724-tb-blog-mobiprint_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Design</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52259-microrobots-swimming-autonomously-in-viscous-liquids?m=1062">Microrobots Swimming Autonomously in Viscous Liquids</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52259" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The researchers’ groundbreaking study introduces the first toroidal, light-driven microrobot that can move autonomously in viscous liquids, such as mucus.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52259" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52259-microrobots-swimming-autonomously-in-viscous-liquids?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734237627/sites/tb/features-16x9/52259/121624-tb-blog_microrobots_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52247-mit-team-takes-a-major-step-toward-fully-3d-printed-active-electronics?m=1062">MIT Team Takes a Major Step Toward Fully 3D-Printed Active Electronics</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52247" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Active electronics — components that can control electrical signals — usually contain semiconductor devices that receive, store, and process information. These...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52247" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52247-mit-team-takes-a-major-step-toward-fully-3d-printed-active-electronics?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733863104/sites/tb/features-16x9/52247/20241211_electronics_sensors_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52246-researchers-demonstrate-self-assembling-electronics?m=1062">Researchers Demonstrate Self-Assembling Electronics</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52246" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers have demonstrated a new technique for self-assembling electronic devices. The proof-of-concept work was used to create diodes and transistors and paves the way for...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52246" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52246-researchers-demonstrate-self-assembling-electronics?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733862919/sites/tb/features-16x9/52246/20241211_electronics_sensors_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52244-doc-9528?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733807944/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/ADAS-Autonomous-Vehicles-SR-1224.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52244-doc-9528?m=1062">ADAS & Autonomous Vehicles - December 2024</a></h5> Are today's sensors ready for next‐level automated driving? What will it take to realize software‐defined commercial vehicles? How will generative AI impact the autonomous vehicles market? Look for...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52244-doc-9528?m=1062" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52239-doc-9527?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733790899/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/CPC-MedTech-Fluid-Management-Optimization-The-Design-Engineers-Guide.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52239-doc-9527?m=1062">MedTech Fluid Management Optimization: The Design Engineer’s Guide</a></h5> Medtech manufacturers are under constant pressure to improve current products and systems and envision new ones. Design engineers are at the forefront of this effort. The...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52239-doc-9527?m=1062" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div id="f2_51885" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51885-developing-an-end-to-end-wire-harness-process?m=1062"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731587766/sites/tb/features-16x9/51885/shutterstock_282827843_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51885-developing-an-end-to-end-wire-harness-process?m=1062">Developing an End-to-End Wire Harness Process</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51885" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In an era of complex design challenges, effective collaboration and innovation are crucial for success. This 60-minute webinar will explore the transformative potential of an end-to-end approach to...</div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mt-4"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping?start=0"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary "> MORE STORIES<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></div></div></div></div> <div class="right-column col-lg-4 col-md-5 col-12 mt-md-0 mt-4"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_345',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_345' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="story-list row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Webcasts</h4><div class="webinars-box story-list"> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738661154/sites/adt/features-16x9/52437/shutterstock_363217187_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: Defense</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52437-improving-thermal-management-for-aerospace-and-defense-electronics"> Improving Thermal Management for Aerospace and Defense Electronics</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738489920/sites/ae/features-16x9/52491/sae-next-gen-ee-webinar_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: Connectivity</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52491-the-road-ahead-for-next-gen-e-e-architectures-trends-and-connectivity-innovations"> The Road Ahead for Next-Gen E/E Architectures: Trends and...</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738661449/sites/adt/features-16x9/52438/shutterstock_1193397784_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: Software</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52438-department-of-defense-contracts-denied-new-cybersecurity-rules-in-2025"> Department of Defense Contracts Denied: New Cybersecurity Rules...</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1739485055/sites/ae/features-16x9/52558/adobestock_905059039_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: Automotive</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52558-leveraging-simulation-for-net-zero-emissions-in-conventional-and-e-fueled-combustion-systems"> Leveraging Simulation for Net Zero Emissions in Conventional and...</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738310189/sites/ae/features-16x9/52500/shutterstock_740855560_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: Materials</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52500-quickly-prototyping-custom-textures-on-automotive-parts"> Quickly Prototyping Custom Textures on Automotive Parts</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1738188857/sites/tb/features-16x9/52492/shutterstock_1831362766_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> Upcoming Webinars: AR/AI</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52492-how-to-leverage-ai-powered-smart-automation-for-design-and-manufacturing"> How to Leverage AI-Powered Smart Automation for Design and...</a></p></div></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_347',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_347' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_300x150_125x125_234x60',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_300x150_125x125_234x60',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[300,150],[125,125],[234,60]],div_id:'GAM_pos_31_modid_348',target_pos:'31',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_31_modid_348' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_23_modid_353',target_pos:'23',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_23_modid_353' class=""></div></div></div></div></div> </section></div> <div class="row mt-5"></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_13_modid_356',target_pos:'13',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_13_modid_356' class=""></div></div></div><div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Videos</h4></div> <div class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-tbtvrelated-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-tbtvrelated" class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49507-afrl-s-re-arm-a-new-approach-to-manufacturing-solid-rockets"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1699634656/sites/tb/features-16x9/49507/afrl-rapid-energetics_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Defense</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49507-afrl-s-re-arm-a-new-approach-to-manufacturing-solid-rockets">AFRL’s RE-ARM: A New Approach to Manufacturing...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50713-3d-printing-robots-with-bones-ligaments-and-tendons"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1715279591/sites/tb/features-16x9/50713/printing-robots-with-bones_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Materials</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50713-3d-printing-robots-with-bones-ligaments-and-tendons">3D Printing Robots with Bones, Ligaments, and...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51340-prototyping-a-pavilion"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1723658140/sites/tb/features-16x9/51340/3d-printed-building-techniques_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51340-prototyping-a-pavilion">Prototyping a Pavilion</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50171-metal-3d-printed-golf-putter-project-recap"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708641342/sites/tb/features-16x9/50171/goengineer-golf-putter_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50171-metal-3d-printed-golf-putter-project-recap">Metal 3D Printed Golf Putter - Project Recap</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49509-cmu-to-lead-nasa-space-technology-research-institute"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1699635554/sites/tb/features-16x9/49509/nasa-space-tech-research_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49509-cmu-to-lead-nasa-space-technology-research-institute">CMU to Lead NASA Space Technology Research...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50172-3dexperience-simulia-structural-mechanics-engineer-overview"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708641729/sites/tb/features-16x9/50172/goengineer-structural-mechanics_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50172-3dexperience-simulia-structural-mechanics-engineer-overview">3DEXPERIENCE SIMULIA - Structural Mechanics...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50168-solidworks-draftsight-tutorial-introduction"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708640514/sites/tb/features-16x9/50168/goengineer-draftsight-tutorial_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50168-solidworks-draftsight-tutorial-introduction">SOLIDWORKS Draftsight Tutorial Introduction</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51333-3d-printing-nature-materials"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1723655780/sites/tb/features-16x9/51333/nature-additive-manufacturing_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51333-3d-printing-nature-materials">3D Printing Nature Materials</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50960-3-innovative-drone-technologies-from-auvsi-xponential-2024"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1718206935/sites/tb/features-16x9/50960/061324-tb-drone_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Unmanned Systems</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50960-3-innovative-drone-technologies-from-auvsi-xponential-2024">3 Innovative Drone Technologies from AUVSI...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51795-how-ornls-hybrid-manufacturing-system-repairs-components"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1728321464/sites/tb/features-16x9/51795/hybrid-manufacturing-system_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51795-how-ornls-hybrid-manufacturing-system-repairs-components">How ORNL’s Hybrid Manufacturing System Repairs...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50170-velo3ds-newest-metal-3d-printer-sapphire-xc"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708641113/sites/tb/features-16x9/50170/goengineer-velo3d_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50170-velo3ds-newest-metal-3d-printer-sapphire-xc">Velo3D's Newest Metal 3D Printer - Sapphire XC</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50182-a-multi-robot-approach-to-3d-printing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708976958/sites/tb/features-16x9/50182/multi-robot-3d-printing_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50182-a-multi-robot-approach-to-3d-printing">A Multi-Robot Approach to 3D Printing</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50898-the-future-of-automotive-technology"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1717520971/sites/tb/features-16x9/50898/emerging-tech-in-automotive_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50898-the-future-of-automotive-technology">The Future of Automotive Technology</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50767-manta-ray-uuv-prototypes-complete-in-water-testing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1716568148/sites/tb/features-16x9/50767/manta-ray-2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Unmanned Systems</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50767-manta-ray-uuv-prototypes-complete-in-water-testing">Manta Ray UUV Prototypes Complete In-Water Testing</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/52227-3d-printing-with-ice"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1733506745/sites/tb/features-16x9/52227/3d-ice-printing_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/52227-3d-printing-with-ice">3D Printing with Ice</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50173-solidworks-training-supported-self-paced-training"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708641942/sites/tb/features-16x9/50173/goengineer-supported-self-paced_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50173-solidworks-training-supported-self-paced-training">SOLIDWORKS Training - Supported Self-Paced...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50156-unlock-the-art-of-plastic-welding"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708588673/sites/tb/features-16x9/50156/hamamatsu-art-of-laser-plastic-welding_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50156-unlock-the-art-of-plastic-welding">Unlock the Art of Plastic Welding!</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50164-3dexperience-platform-overview"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708639820/sites/tb/features-16x9/50164/goengineer-3d-experience-platform-overview_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50164-3dexperience-platform-overview">3DEXPERIENCE PLATFORM OVERVIEW</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50879-new-frontiers-in-space-manufacturing-innovations"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1717259078/sites/tb/features-16x9/50879/060424-tb-isam_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50879-new-frontiers-in-space-manufacturing-innovations">New Frontiers: In-Space Manufacturing Innovations</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51811-designing-optical-systems-and-subassemblies-from-concept-to-completion"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1728424464/sites/tb/features-16x9/51811/chroma-designing-optical-systems_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51811-designing-optical-systems-and-subassemblies-from-concept-to-completion">Designing Optical Systems and Subassemblies From...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/52390-integrating-and-testing-the-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1736878401/sites/tb/features-16x9/52390/wfi-install-copy-copy_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manned Systems</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/52390-integrating-and-testing-the-nancy-grace-roman-space-telescope">Integrating and Testing the Nancy Grace Roman...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50169-3dexperience-tutorial-intro-to-engineering-release"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708640868/sites/tb/features-16x9/50169/goengineer-3dexperience-tutorial-intro_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50169-3dexperience-tutorial-intro-to-engineering-release">3DEXPERIENCE Tutorial - Intro to Engineering...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50181-a-3d-printer-that-can-watch-itself-3d-print"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708976664/sites/tb/features-16x9/50181/mit-3d-printer_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/50181-a-3d-printer-that-can-watch-itself-3d-print">A 3D Printer that Can Watch Itself 3D Print</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49359-ausa-2023-the-next-generation-of-army-ground-vehicles"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1698082649/sites/tb/features-16x9/49359/screenshot-2023-10-23-at-11-27-25 am_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49359-ausa-2023-the-next-generation-of-army-ground-vehicles">AUSA 2023: The Next Generation of Army Ground...</a></h6></div></li> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49508-3d-printing-extremely-viscous-materials-using-ultrasonic-vibrations"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1699635180/sites/tb/features-16x9/49508/3d-printing-energetic-materials_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <div class="topic-title"> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/49508-3d-printing-extremely-viscous-materials-using-ultrasonic-vibrations">3D Printing Extremely Viscous Materials Using...</a></h6></div></li></ul></div> <div class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-tbtvrelated-next"></span></h3></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_14_modid_344',target_pos:'14',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_14_modid_344' class=""></div></div></div><footer><div class="newsmatrix-hubheadlines mt-5 sans-serif row"> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-1 col-lg-3 col-6 order-lg-5"> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/stories/blog" rel="nofollow">Blog</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52582-mass-3d-printing-in-space-for-the-first-time"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1739940488/sites/tb/features-16x9/52582/021925-tb-blog_implants_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52582-mass-3d-printing-in-space-for-the-first-time">Mass 3D Printing in Space for the First Time</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52550-using-embodied-energy-to-power-modular-worms-and-jellyfish">Using Embodied Energy to Power Modular Worms and Jellyfish</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/28772-answering-your-questions-lithium-air-vs-lithium-ion-batteries">Answering Your Questions: Lithium-Air Battery vs. Lithium-Ion</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-2 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software" rel="nofollow">Electronics & Software</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52592-how-much-do-you-know-about-the-engineering-behind-sports"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1739996268/sites/tb/features-16x9/52592/022125-tb-quiz-sports_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52592-how-much-do-you-know-about-the-engineering-behind-sports">How Much Do You Know About the Engineering Behind Sports?</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/28337-comparison-between-wave-soldering-and-reflow-soldering">Comparison Between Wave Soldering and Reflow Soldering</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/26379-printed-electronics-the-future-is-flexible">Printed Electronics: The Future Is Flexible</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-3 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging" rel="nofollow">Photonics & Imaging</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52482-new-on-the-market-tb-0225"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738253145/sites/tb/features-16x9/52482/tb-0225-p39_fig2r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52482-new-on-the-market-tb-0225">New on the Market</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/20063-ccd-and-cmos-sensors">CCD and CMOS Sensors</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/14324-0511ltp6">Polycarbonate Seen As Top Choice for LED Lighting</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-4 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation" rel="nofollow">Motion Control/Automation</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52563-ai-driven-manufacturing-efficiency-tool"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1739338567/sites/tb/features-16x9/52563/tb-0325-qa-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52563-ai-driven-manufacturing-efficiency-tool">AI-Driven Manufacturing Efficiency Tool</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/20013-the-modern-industrial-workhorse-pid-controllers">The Modern Industrial Workhorse: PID Controllers</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/26431-the-basics-of-encoder-selection-2">The Basics of Encoder Selection</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-5 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test" rel="nofollow">Sensors & Test</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52579-design-and-analysis-software-speeds-up-x-59-aircrafts-nose-cone-optimization"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1739794915/sites/tb/features-16x9/52579/tb-0325-df-appbriefs-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52579-design-and-analysis-software-speeds-up-x-59-aircrafts-nose-cone-optimization">Design and Analysis Software Speeds Up X-59 Aircraft’s Nose Cone Optimization</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/33212-smart-sensor-technology-for-the-iot">Smart Sensor Technology for the IoT</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/27510-networking-the-iot-with-ieee-802-15-4-6lowpan">Networking the IoT with IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-6 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing" rel="nofollow">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52545-how-much-do-you-know-about-microwave-heating"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738865718/sites/tb/features-16x9/52545/020725-tb-quiz-microwave_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52545-how-much-do-you-know-about-microwave-heating">How Much Do You Know About Microwave Heating?</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/14234-msc-24389-1">High-Thermal-Conductivity Fabrics</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/9998-34454-200">Laser Beam vs. Electron Beam Welding Which process works best for what?</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-7 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics" rel="nofollow">Mechanical/Mechatronics</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52352-is-hydrogen-propulsion-production-ready"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1737635783/sites/tohe/features-16x9/52352/shutterstock_1929891203_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52352-is-hydrogen-propulsion-production-ready">Is Hydrogen Propulsion Production-Ready?</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/22850-mechanical-carbon-materials-for-aircraft-seal-applications">Mechanical Carbon Materials for Aircraft Seal Applications</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/18889-sae-2012-01-0426">Brushless Motors for In-Tank Fuel Pumps</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-8 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/webcasts/podcasts" rel="nofollow">Podcasts</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52574-how-a-cloud-based-remote-id-system-helps-monitor-random-drone-sightings"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1739769773/sites/tb/features-16x9/52574/021725-tb-podcast_drones_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52574-how-a-cloud-based-remote-id-system-helps-monitor-random-drone-sightings">How a Cloud-Based Remote ID System Helps Monitor Random Drone Sightings</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52551-dronetags-new-pocket-sized-drone-detection-system">Dronetag's New Pocket-Sized Drone Detection System</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52508-uxv-35-a-new-approach-to-lowering-the-cost-of-designing-drones">UxV/35: A New Approach to Lowering the Cost of Designing Drones</a></p></div></div><hr class="border-top border-primary"> <nav id="footernav" class="sans-serif"> <div class="footer-bottom row"> <div class="left-column col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/about">About</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://status.saemediagroup.com/">Service Status</a></p></div><div id="cb-form" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm mt-5" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Sign In</h5> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button></div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="https://www.techbriefs.com/account/login" method="post" id="login-form" class="form-inline cbLoginForm" data-bs-target="#cb-form"> <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_comprofiler"/> <input type="hidden" name="view" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="op2" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="B:aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGVjaGJyaWVmcy5jb20vdGIvdG9waWMvbWF0ZXJpYWxzLW1hbnVmYWN0dXJpbmcvbWFudWZhY3R1cmluZy1wcm90b3R5cGluZw=="/> <input type="hidden" name="message" value="0"/> <input type="hidden" name="loginfrom" value="loginmodule"/> <input type="hidden" name="893a4c19fe875791908e60f67c425490" value="1" /> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control col-8" id="inputUserName" placeholder="Username"> <label for="inputUserName">Username or Email</label></div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="passwd" type="password" class="form-control col-8" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <label for="inputPassword">Password</label></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-12 mb-3">Submit <i class="fas fa-sign-in ms-2"></i></button> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/account/forgot-login" class="col-12"> <i class="fas fa-unlock-alt me-2"></i> Forgot Login? </a> <div class="posttext cb_template cb_template_default"> <p><i>By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group and carefully selected industry sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may reach us at <a href="mailto:privacy@saemediagroup.com">privacy@saemediagroup.com</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may unsubscribe at any time.</i></p></div></form></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mid-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/subscription-services">Subscriber Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/feedback">Feedback</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://saemediagroup.com/contact/">Contact Us</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/sitemap">Site Map</a></p></div></div> <div class="right-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com">Advertise</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/cookie-usage-statement">Cookie Usage</a></p></div><p class="menu-footer-followus my-2"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=facebook&username=TechBriefsMagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=twitter&username=TechBriefsMag" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=instagram&username=techbriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div> </nav> <div class="row mb-5"> <div class="copyright col-12"> <p class="font-italic small">© 2009-2025 SAE Media Group</p></div></div> </footer></div><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg=="></script><script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" defer tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg=="></script><script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { var cl = cloudinary.Cloudinary.new({ cloud_name: "tbmg" }); cl.config({ defaultBreakpoints: [100,200,400,500,800,1000,1200], responsive_use_breakpoints: true, }); cl.responsive(); }); var match_md_max = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)"); $(function () { var tooltipTriggerList = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')) var tooltipList = tooltipTriggerList.map(function (tooltipTriggerEl) { return new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl) }) }); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script"/> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582"/> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { // olytics 3.0 window.olytics || (window.olytics = []), window.olytics.methods = ["fire", "confirm"], window.olytics.factory = function (i) { return function () { var t = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return t.unshift(i), window.olytics.push(t), window.olytics } }; for (var i = 0; i < window.olytics.methods.length; i++) { var method = window.olytics.methods[i]; window.olytics[method] = window.olytics.factory(method) } olytics.load = function (i) { if (!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")) { window.a = window.olytics; var t = document.createElement("script"); t.async = !0, t.id = "olyticsImport", t.type = "text/javascript"; var o = ""; void 0 !== i && void 0 !== i.oid && (o = i.oid), t.setAttribute("data-oid", o), t.src = "https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js", t.addEventListener("load", function (t) { for (olytics.initialize({Olytics: i}); window.a.length > 0;) { var o = window.a.shift(), s = o.shift(); olytics[s] && olytics[s].apply(olytics, o) } }, !1); var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) } }, olytics.load({oid: "c1d61b8c10b7440fb3c59fe5b6424a6b"}); }); </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3077140&fmt=gif" class="nolazyload"/> </noscript>  <script src="https://static.techbriefs.com/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bxslider/4.2.17/jquery.bxslider.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-LaBO0tZh1+6Ebk+EnHt/WsGM0UnmkCXfQ1rfhGmpa5MXUdslNuSSELBRcteHKz4k4ny+Op10Ax2fPoTNq+VcUg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/css/template.min.css?t=1737007454" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-MtelhZl3ds+D4WC7oH/N12ZfJh4fOpvw+RRsYdjP6Vd3cidPuaoAhGEU3a9bPfFphggBk5YJl7ORBNTOrPloew=="/> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ=="></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.15.10/sweetalert2.all.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-KWZQo2EiUMmEMrjJUUZoWP8k/mL57L5PPjQF23Vv77jGidQK8WPsX/RoQ7uI0cnjDDCU8ZXa1NG24HkLOqI9sg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w=="/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/>  <script> var GAM_breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'');window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting('sitepage',['NTB/ManufacturingPrototyping']).setTargeting('site',["NTB"]).setTargeting('menu_route',["tb\/topic\/materials-manufacturing\/manufacturing-prototyping"]).setTargeting('menu_topics',["Manufacturing & Prototyping"]).setTargeting('menu_tags',[""]).setTargeting('topic',["Manufacturing & Prototyping"]).setTargeting('hub',["Materials & Manufacturing"]);googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().setCentering(true);googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false);googletag.enableServices();});$(function(){function ntb_google_ad_manager_build(item){item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);if(item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){var item=this;var item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);size_mapping=[];if(item.size_mapping.length){size_mapping=googletag.sizeMapping();item.size_mapping.forEach(function(size_map){size_mapping.addSize(size_map.view,size_map.map);});size_mapping.build();} var targetSlot=googletag.defineSlot(item.slot,item.slot_ad_sizes,item.div_id).setTargeting('pos',[item.target_pos]).defineSizeMapping(size_mapping);if(item.slot_ad_empty==='default'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='collapse'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true,true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='expand'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(false);} targetSlot.addService(googletag.pubads());googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){if(event.slot===targetSlot&&event.isEmpty){item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');googletag.destroySlots(event.slot);}});googletag.enableServices();}.bind(item));} else{item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');}} function ntb_google_ad_manager_display(item){if(item.display_all||item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){item=this;googletag.display(item.div_id);}.bind(item));}} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_build(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_display(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);}}); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';if(!window.Joomla){throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised');} var keepAliveOptions=Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive');var keepAliveInterval=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.interval?parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval,10):45*1000;var keepAliveUri=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.uri?keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g,'&'):'';if(keepAliveUri===''){var systemPaths=Joomla.getOptions('system.paths');keepAliveUri=(systemPaths?systemPaths.root+"/index.php":window.location.pathname)+"?option=com_ajax&format=json";} setInterval(function(){return fetch(keepAliveUri,{method:'POST'});},keepAliveInterval);})(); /*! inlined from /media/mod_ntb_bxslider/js/global.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var bxs_update;var bxs_config=[];bxs_breakpoint=function(){breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'')||'lg';if(breakpoint==='none'){breakpoint='lg';} return breakpoint;};bxs_create=function(name,swaps){var id='bxs-'+name;var bp=bxs_breakpoint();bxs_config[name]={id:id,bp:bp,swaps:swaps,settings:{auto:true,stopAutoOnClick:true,pause:5000,pager:false,minSlides:swaps[bp].slides,maxSlides:swaps[bp].slides,moveSlides:swaps[bp].slides,slideMargin:swaps[bp].margin,slideWidth:swaps[bp].width,nextSelector:'#'+id+'-next',prevSelector:'#'+id+'-prev',nextText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-right"></i>',prevText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-left"></i>',randomStart:true,adaptiveHeight:true,shrinkItems:true,touchEnabled:false,}};};$(function(){bxs_activate=function(name){bxs_config[name].bxslider=$('#'+bxs_config[name].id+' .bxslider').bxSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);bxs_update(name);$(window).resize(function(){bxs_update(name);});} bxs_update=function(name){var current_bp=bxs_breakpoint();if(current_bp!==bxs_config[name].bp){bxs_config[name].bp=current_bp;var swaps=bxs_config[name].swaps;bxs_config[name].settings.minSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.maxSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.moveSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.slideMargin=swaps[current_bp].margin;bxs_config[name].settings.slideWidth=swaps[current_bp].width;bxs_config[name].bxslider.reloadSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);} $('.'+bxs_config[name].id).removeClass('hidden');bxs_config[name].bxslider.redrawSlider();};});$(function(){olytics.fire({behaviorId:'5013J3562790A3O',category:"Manufacturing & Prototyping",tag:"Manufacturing & Prototyping",pageType:"index",contentType:"topic"})});!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init','240802493731265');fbq('track','PageView');!function(s,a,e,v,n,t,z){if(s.saq)return;n=s.saq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!s._saq)s._saq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='1.0';n.queue=[];t=a.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;z=a.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(t,z)}(window,document,'script','https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com/events.js');saq('ts','3GYZ_Va41jnx_uqfPcLCuQ');var match_md_max=window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)");bxs_create('default',{xxl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},xl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},lg:{slides:4,margin:32,width:256},md:{slides:3,margin:35,width:256},sm:{slides:3,margin:10,width:256},xs:{slides:2,margin:10,width:256}});$(function(){bxs_activate('default');});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52382>a').appendTo('#f1_52382');}else{$('#f1_52382>a').appendTo('#f2_52382');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52470>a').appendTo('#f1_52470');}else{$('#f1_52470>a').appendTo('#f2_52470');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52469>a').appendTo('#f1_52469');}else{$('#f1_52469>a').appendTo('#f2_52469');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52468>a').appendTo('#f1_52468');}else{$('#f1_52468>a').appendTo('#f2_52468');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52467>a').appendTo('#f1_52467');}else{$('#f1_52467>a').appendTo('#f2_52467');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52465>a').appendTo('#f1_52465');}else{$('#f1_52465>a').appendTo('#f2_52465');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52462>a').appendTo('#f1_52462');}else{$('#f1_52462>a').appendTo('#f2_52462');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52390>a').appendTo('#f1_52390');}else{$('#f1_52390>a').appendTo('#f2_52390');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52354>a').appendTo('#f1_52354');}else{$('#f1_52354>a').appendTo('#f2_52354');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52350>a').appendTo('#f1_52350');}else{$('#f1_52350>a').appendTo('#f2_52350');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52344>a').appendTo('#f1_52344');}else{$('#f1_52344>a').appendTo('#f2_52344');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52337>a').appendTo('#f1_52337');}else{$('#f1_52337>a').appendTo('#f2_52337');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52332>a').appendTo('#f1_52332');}else{$('#f1_52332>a').appendTo('#f2_52332');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52318>a').appendTo('#f1_52318');}else{$('#f1_52318>a').appendTo('#f2_52318');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52317>a').appendTo('#f1_52317');}else{$('#f1_52317>a').appendTo('#f2_52317');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52316>a').appendTo('#f1_52316');}else{$('#f1_52316>a').appendTo('#f2_52316');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52305>a').appendTo('#f1_52305');}else{$('#f1_52305>a').appendTo('#f2_52305');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52267>a').appendTo('#f1_52267');}else{$('#f1_52267>a').appendTo('#f2_52267');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52263>a').appendTo('#f1_52263');}else{$('#f1_52263>a').appendTo('#f2_52263');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52259>a').appendTo('#f1_52259');}else{$('#f1_52259>a').appendTo('#f2_52259');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52247>a').appendTo('#f1_52247');}else{$('#f1_52247>a').appendTo('#f2_52247');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_52246>a').appendTo('#f1_52246');}else{$('#f1_52246>a').appendTo('#f2_52246');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});$(document).ready(function(){mh=function(mq){if(mq.matches){$('#f2_51885>a').appendTo('#f1_51885');}else{$('#f1_51885>a').appendTo('#f2_51885');}};match_md_max.addListener(mh);mh(match_md_max);});bxs_create('tbtvrelated',{xxl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},xl:{slides:4,margin:20,width:224},lg:{slides:3,margin:10,width:260},md:{slides:3,margin:5,width:200},sm:{slides:2,margin:30,width:215},xs:{slides:2,margin:10,width:275}});$(function(){bxs_activate('tbtvrelated');});$(function(){$('#cb-form').on('shown.bs.modal',function(){$('#inputUserName').focus();})}); /*! inlined from /templates/tb_cmo_2017/js/custom.min.js by ntb_minifier */ $(window).scroll(function(){if($(document).scrollTop()>50){$("nav").addClass("shrink");$(".logolarge").addClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".logosmall").removeClass("d-md-none");$(".add").hide()}else{$("nav").removeClass("shrink");$(".logosmall").addClass("d-md-none");$(".logolarge").removeClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".add").show()}});_linkedin_partner_id="3077140";window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[];window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);(function(l){if(!l){window.lintrk=function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])};window.lintrk.q=[]} var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(b,s);})(window.lintrk); </script> </body> </html>