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Automotive - Tech Briefs

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In an automotive application for diameter control of machined drivetrain components,...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52586-doc-9572?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52584-doc-9570?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1739985379/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Renishaw_Supports-Formule-ETS-Additive-Manufacturing-Project.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52584-doc-9570?m=1120">Renishaw Supports Formule ETS Additive Manufacturing Project</a></h5> When the Formule SAE team at École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS) in Montreal, Canada, needed help lightweighting components for its electric vehicle, it turned to global...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52584-doc-9570?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Tech Talks: AR/AI</h6></div> <div id="f2_52405" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52405-ai-powered-quality-control-for-sustainable-automotive-production?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1738527990/sites/ae/features-16x9/52405/shutterstock_751715872_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52405-ai-powered-quality-control-for-sustainable-automotive-production?m=1120">AI-Powered Quality Control for Sustainable Automotive Production</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52405" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Did you know that AI-powered quality control can enhance sustainability in automotive manufacturing? Today’s most advanced vision sensors are transforming quality control in...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Propulsion</h6></div> <div id="f2_52352" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52352-is-hydrogen-propulsion-production-ready?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1737635783/sites/tohe/features-16x9/52352/shutterstock_1929891203_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52352-is-hydrogen-propulsion-production-ready?m=1120">Is Hydrogen Propulsion Production-Ready?</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52352" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICE) and hydrogen fuel cells still have challenges to meet to bring production of commercial and off-highway vehicles to fruition. More than a high-level...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Automotive</h6></div> <div id="f2_52364" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52364-navigating-security-in-automotive-socs-how-to-build-resilient-solutions?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1737808478/sites/ae/features-16x9/52364/shutterstock_59025175_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52364-navigating-security-in-automotive-socs-how-to-build-resilient-solutions?m=1120">Navigating Security in Automotive SoCs: How to Build Resilient Solutions</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52364" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In today's rapidly evolving automotive industry, ensuring the security of vehicles has become more critical than ever. Vehicles have become increasingly connected and...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52543-doc-9563?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738919943/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/TE-Connectivity_Effective-Fog-Prevention-Strategies-for-Modern-Vehicles.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52543-doc-9563?m=1120">Effective Fog Prevention Strategies for Modern Vehicles</a></h5> Discover essential strategies for fog prediction and prevention in our detailed white paper. Inside, you'll find: Key insights into condensation prediction and measurement. Guidelines...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52543-doc-9563?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52531-doc-9559?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738705676/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/CHT_Customized-Silicone-Technology.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52531-doc-9559?m=1120">Achieve Your Power Electronics Design Requirements with Customized Silicone Solutions</a></h5> Electronics are fundamental to products and equipment across nearly every industry in order to function effectively and reliably. Electronics must be...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52531-doc-9559?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Power</h6></div> <div id="f2_52271" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52271-phase-change-materials-in-electric-vehicles-trends-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1736437858/sites/ae/features-16x9/52271/honeywell-phase-change-materials-800_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52271-phase-change-materials-in-electric-vehicles-trends-and-a-roadmap-for-the-future?m=1120">Phase Change Materials in Electric Vehicles: Trends and a Roadmap for the Future</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52271" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) in electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum as the industry seeks innovative solutions to enhance thermal...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1738759102/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Electric-Vehicles-SR-0125.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561?m=1120">Electric Vehicles - January 2025</a></h5> In this collection of articles from the editors of Automotive Engineering and Battery &amp; Electrification Technology, learn about the latest materials innovations, thermal management advances, battery...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52538-doc-9561?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52400-doc-9545?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1737504692/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/TUV-SUD_An-Overview-of-EU-Battery-Regulation.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52400-doc-9545?m=1120">Understanding the EU Battery Regulations</a></h5> The EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 represents a new set of rules and standards for batteries and waste battery management within the European Union. It is designed to replace the existing Battery...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52400-doc-9545?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Transportation</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52399-doc-9544?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1737266967/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/TUV-SUD_The-Future-of-Passive-Propagation.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52399-doc-9544?m=1120">The Future of Passive Propagation In Battery Technology</a></h5> Understanding passive propagation is crucial for anyone involved in battery design and safety. This white paper provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques and considerations that...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52399-doc-9544?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Transportation</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52356-doc-9539?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1736055673/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Automotive-Battery-Testing-SR-1224.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52356-doc-9539?m=1120">Automotive & Battery Testing - December 2024</a></h5> Overcoming EV drivetrain challenges…leveraging AI to boost EV performance…best practices for battery design and testing. Read these articles and more in this compendium from the editors of...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52356-doc-9539?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52257-doc-9533?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1734134812/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Teledyne-LeCroy_What-Is-10Base-T1S-Automotive-Ethernet.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52257-doc-9533?m=1120">What Is 10Base-T1S Automotive Ethernet?</a></h5> As in-vehicle electronics become more complex to support autonomous driving, 10Base-T1S Automotive Ethernet enhances In-Vehicle Network (IVN) architecture. With a reach of up to 25 meters, it connects...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52257-doc-9533?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52254-helping-robots-make-good-decisions-in-real-time?m=1120">Helping Robots Make Good Decisions in Real Time</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52254" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In 2018, Google DeepMind's AlphaZero program taught itself the games of chess, shogi, and go, using machine learning and a special algorithm to determine the best moves to win a game within a...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52254" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52254-helping-robots-make-good-decisions-in-real-time?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734038191/sites/tb/features-16x9/52254/20241213_motion_design_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Automotive</h6></div> <div id="f2_52036" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52036-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-for-cabin-energy-management-and-xil-testing?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732755996/sites/ae/features-16x9/52036/gamma-technologies-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52036-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-for-cabin-energy-management-and-xil-testing?m=1120">Designing an HVAC Modeling Workflow for Cabin Energy Management and XiL Testing</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52036" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> As the automotive industry embraces electrification and the expansion of xEV technologies, maximizing vehicle range is of the utmost importance. Efficient cabin...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52244-doc-9528?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733807944/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/ADAS-Autonomous-Vehicles-SR-1224.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52244-doc-9528?m=1120">ADAS & Autonomous Vehicles - December 2024</a></h5> Are today's sensors ready for next‐level automated driving? What will it take to realize software‐defined commercial vehicles? How will generative AI impact the autonomous vehicles market? Look for...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52244-doc-9528?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-tv me-1"></i> Videos of the Month: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52210-videos-of-the-month-tb-1224?m=1120">Videos of the Month</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52210" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the videos of the month, including one on Michigan Engineering racing its 17th solar car, Astrum, across the Australian Outback; one on how NASA’s Europa Clipper — a 7,000-pound spacecraft — was packed and shipped from the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California to Kennedy Space Center in Florida; one on the MIT Media Lab’s Space Exploration Initiative; and one on leveraging precision growth to convert plants into biodegradable electronic devices.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52210" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52210-videos-of-the-month-tb-1224?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733313703/sites/tb/features-16x9/52210/tb-1224-p7_fig5_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52245-doc-9529?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733808379/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Robotics-SR-1124.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52245-doc-9529?m=1120">Robotics - November 2024</a></h5> Read about the latest breakthroughs in robots for space exploration, healthcare, factory automation, hazardous waste cleanup, and more in this collection of articles from the editors of Tech Briefs, Medical Design...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52245-doc-9529?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_365',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_365' class=""></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Automotive</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52114-your-guide-to-improving-ev-battery-development?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733053576/sites/tb/media-images/Ansys_BMSE-book-v.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52114-your-guide-to-improving-ev-battery-development?m=1120">Your Guide to Improving EV Battery Development</a></h5> At the backbone of EV performance, battery technologies have earned the spotlight when it comes to accelerating the industry toward increased adoption and profitability. Faced with pressure to...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52114-your-guide-to-improving-ev-battery-development?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Special Reports: Power</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52107-doc-9523?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1732599313/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Power-Electronics-SR-1124A.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52107-doc-9523?m=1120">Power Electronics - November 2024</a></h5> This compendium of articles from the editors of Tech Briefs and Aerospace &amp; Defense Technology magazines looks at the latest advances in power electronics and energy storage for applications ranging from...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52107-doc-9523?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-download me-1"></i> White Papers: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-sm-4 col-5 px-0"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52093-how-pre-assembled-disc-spring-stacks-save-time-money-and-ensure-quality?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_200,f_auto,q_auto/v1733478139/sites/tb/media-images/Spirol_How-Pre-Fabricated-Disc-Spring-Stacks-Help-Manufacturers-Save-Time.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 border lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Document cover' /></a></div> <div class="col"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52093-how-pre-assembled-disc-spring-stacks-save-time-money-and-ensure-quality?m=1120">How Pre-Assembled Disc Spring Stacks Save Time, Money and Ensure Quality</a></h5> Pre-Assembled Disc Spring Stacks streamline production by eliminating in-house assembly, reducing labor and training requirements, and ensuring consistent quality with...<p class="card-text mb-0"> <a href="/component/content/article/52093-how-pre-assembled-disc-spring-stacks-save-time-money-and-ensure-quality?m=1120" class="feed_item_link"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> FREE DOWNLOAD<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></p></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-pen-fancy me-1"></i> Blog: Defense</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52079-celebrating-innovation-and-innovators-at-the-2024-create-the-future-design-contest?m=1120">Celebrating Innovation and Innovators at the 2024 Create the Future Design Contest</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52079" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The Create the Future Design Contest has helped bring out the best technologies for the future throughout its 22-year run. The annual contest had the finalists in each of the seven categories pitch their ideas to a team of judges, who would then choose the Grand Prize winner. Read on to learn who won.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52079" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52079-celebrating-innovation-and-innovators-at-the-2024-create-the-future-design-contest?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732647016/sites/tb/features-16x9/52079/112024-tb-blog_winners_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Automotive</h6></div> <div id="f2_51772" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51772-a-quick-guide-to-multi-axis-simulation-and-component-testing?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1729951721/sites/ae/features-16x9/51772/element-quick-guide-image_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51772-a-quick-guide-to-multi-axis-simulation-and-component-testing?m=1120">A Quick Guide to Multi-Axis Simulation and Component Testing</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51772" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Vibration testing is a critical part of the automotive manufacturing process, helping automotive engineers develop safe, dependable, and reliable vehicles and components. Multi-axial...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Automotive</h6></div> <div id="f2_51839" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51839-avoiding-risk-analysis-pitfalls-implementing-linked-dfmea-hara-and-fta?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730298618/sites/ae/features-16x9/51839/40065_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51839-avoiding-risk-analysis-pitfalls-implementing-linked-dfmea-hara-and-fta?m=1120">Avoiding Risk Analysis Pitfalls: Implementing Linked DFMEA, HARA, and FTA</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51839" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> While Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) are all different approaches to assessing overall...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Technology & Society: Energy</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52055-addressing-the-energy-challenge-with-vehicle-to-grid-power?m=1120">Addressing the Energy Challenge with Vehicle-to-Grid Power</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52055" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> NREL scientists use new power electronics to support the electric power grid. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52055" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52055-addressing-the-energy-challenge-with-vehicle-to-grid-power?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732434851/sites/tb/features-16x9/52055/tb-1224-ts-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Transportation</h6></div> <div id="f2_51840" class="col-xl-4 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51840-the-rise-of-software-defined-commercial-vehicles?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730212806/sites/tohe/features-16x9/51840/shutterstock_1053308990_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51840-the-rise-of-software-defined-commercial-vehicles?m=1120">The Rise of Software-Defined Commercial Vehicles</a></h5></div> <div class="col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51840" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Passenger cars are not unique in seeing a sharp increase in software. As automation and electrification grow in commercial vehicles, software will enable greater functionality in vehicle...</div></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51944-lew-tops-161?m=1120">Shape Memory Alloy Tubular Structure</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51944" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Applications include vehicle and aircraft tires, sports helmets, military equipment, and seals and couplings. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51944" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51944-lew-tops-161?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730418947/sites/tb/features-16x9/51944/tb-1124-p39_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Articles: Internet of Things</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51928-multi-modal-traffic-detection-system?m=1120">Automotive & Transportation Finalist: Multi-Modal Traffic Detection System</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51928" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The Transensys Multi-Modal Traffic Detection System is an attempt to provide widespread, low-cost, and accurate traffic measurement. It's also the Automotive & Transportation Finalist. Read on to learn more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51928" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51928-multi-modal-traffic-detection-system?m=1120"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730545113/sites/tb/features-16x9/51928/tb-1124-p20_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div></div><nav role="navigation" aria-label="New Pagination"> <ul class="pagination pagination-sm justify-content-center sans-serif"><li class="disabled page-item"> <span class="page-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="fas fa-angle-double-left" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></li><li class="disabled page-item"> <span class="page-link" aria-hidden="true"><span class="fas fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></li><li class="active page-item"> <span class="page-link" 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