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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komponente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komponente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Komponente</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Komponente-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Komponente subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Komponente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Draer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Draer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Draer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Draer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Binder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Binder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdunner_of_oplosmiddel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdunner_of_oplosmiddel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Verdunner of oplosmiddel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdunner_of_oplosmiddel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pigment_en_vuller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pigment_en_vuller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pigment en vuller</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pigment_en_vuller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verf_van_Suid-Afrika_se_vroeë_inwoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verf_van_Suid-Afrika_se_vroeë_inwoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verf van Suid-Afrika se vroeë inwoners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verf_van_Suid-Afrika_se_vroeë_inwoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soorte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soorte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Soorte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soorte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 81 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="طلاء – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طلاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Фарбы – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фарбы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Фарба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фарба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Боя – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Боя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82_(%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="রং (উপাদান) – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রং (উপাদান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_(material)" title="Pintura (material) – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pintura (material)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8ng" title="Pèng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pèng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88" title="Басарш – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Басарш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barva_(materi%C3%A1l)" title="Barva (materiál) – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Barva (materiál)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maling" title="Maling – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anstrichmittel" title="Anstrichmittel – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anstrichmittel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE" title="Βαφή – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint" title="Paint – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paint" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farbo" title="Farbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Farbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_(material)" title="Pintura (material) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pintura (material)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rv" title="Värv – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Värv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_(materiala)" title="Pintura (materiala) – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pintura (materiala)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="رنگ نقاشی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنگ نقاشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maali" title="Maali – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroya" title="Boroya – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Boroya" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peinture_(mati%C3%A8re)" title="Peinture (matière) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peinture (matière)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_(mati%C3%A9re)" title="Pintura (matiére) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pintura (matiére)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farew" title="Farew – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Farew" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9int" title="Péint – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Péint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanta" title="Peanta – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Peanta" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_(material)" title="Pintura (material) – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pintura (material)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8)" title="צבע (חומר) – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבע (חומר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="पेंट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेंट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nali%C4%8D" title="Nalič – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nalič" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penti_(maty%C3%A8)" title="Penti (matyè) – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Penti (matyè)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fest%C3%A9k" title="Festék – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Festék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ներկեր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ներկեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinta" title="Pinta – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinta" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farbo" title="Farbo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Farbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lning" title="Málning – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málning" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernice" title="Vernice – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vernice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%97%E6%96%99" title="塗料 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塗料" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8t" title="Cèt – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1bwuan" title="A̱bwuan – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱bwuan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Автомобиль косметикасы – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Автомобиль косметикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9nt%C3%AC" title="Féntì – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Féntì" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A3%8C" title="도료 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyax" title="Boyax – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Boyax" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigmentum_(pictura)" title="Pigmentum (pictura) – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pigmentum (pictura)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinta" title="Pinta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pinta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%BEas" title="Dažas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dažas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%81sas" title="Krāsas – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krāsas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varve" title="Varve – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Varve" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verf" title="Verf – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5ling" title="Måling – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Måling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maling" title="Maling – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peintuthe" title="Peintuthe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Peintuthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farba" title="Farba – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Farba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinta" title="Tinta – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tinta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vopsea" title="Vopsea – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vopsea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bueau%C3%A2" title="Bueauâ – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bueauâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Краски – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Краски" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boja_(materijal)" title="Boja (materijal) – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boja (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint" title="Paint – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paint" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farba_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Farba (chémia) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Farba (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendhi" title="Pendhi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pendhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinji" title="Rinji – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rinji" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boja" title="Boja – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Boja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boja_(materijal)" title="Boja (materijal) – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Boja (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9t" title="Cét – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5larf%C3%A4rg" title="Målarfärg – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Målarfärg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="வண்ணப்பூச்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வண்ணப்பூச்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boya" title="Boya – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Фарба – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фарба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%CA%BByoqlar" title="Boʻyoqlar – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boʻyoqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C6%A1n" title="Sơn – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sơn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%82%E6%96%99" title="涂料 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="涂料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80d%C3%A0" title="Ọ̀dà – Joroeba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ̀dà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Joroeba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%82%E6%96%99" title="涂料 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="涂料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhat-li%C4%81u" title="Chhat-liāu – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhat-liāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E6%BC%86" title="油漆 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="油漆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q174219#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verf" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Verf" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verf"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verf"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Verf&id=2688954&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerf"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerf"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Verf"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Multicolored_tempera_paints.jpg/250px-Multicolored_tempera_paints.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Multicolored_tempera_paints.jpg/500px-Multicolored_tempera_paints.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>'n Verskeidenheid verwe</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Verf</b> is enige <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeistof</a>, vloeibare of mastieksamestelling wat, nadat dit in 'n dun laag aangewend is op 'n substraat, dit 'n <a href="/wiki/Vastestof" class="mw-redirect" title="Vastestof">soliede</a> filmlaag vorm. Dit word algemeen gebruik om voorwerpe te beskerm, <a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">kleur</a>, of tekstuur aan dit te gee. Verf word in baie kleure — en in baie verskillende tipes, soos waterverf, sintetiese, ens. gemaak en verkoop. Verf word gewoonlik gestoor, verkoop en aangewend as 'n vloeistof, maar die meeste tipes word droog tot 'n soliede lagie. </p><p>Verf bevat kleurstofdeeltjies (pigmente) wat in 'n vloeibare medium op verskillende oppervlakke aangebring kan word. Die verf vorm 'n stewige film wat die oppervlak teen verwering beskerm Verf word op verskillende maniere aangebring, naamlik deur dit met ŉ kwas aan te verf, dit aan te spuit of dit elektrostaties te laat neerslaan, of deur 'n voorwerp daarin te dompel. </p><p>Verf word op materiale aangebring ter beskerming, verfraaiing of verbetering daarvan. Dit bevat die gekleurde bestanddele in die vorm van korreltjies van anorganiese stowwe (minerale pigmente). 'n Essensiële bestanddeel van verf is die bindmiddel of filmvormer, wat dikwels uit 'n kunsstof bestaan. Die film word droog deur fisiese droging (waarby byvoorbeeld 'n oplosmiddel verdamp) of deur chemiese droging (waarby die film onder die invloed van 'n chemiese reaksie set). Verf bevat gewoonlik ook ŉ verdunner. Dit dien om die verf vloeibaar te maak vir aanwending en dikwels ook as oplosmiddel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lascaux,_Megaloceros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg/220px-Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg/330px-Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg/440px-Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1775" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>'n Houtskool en oker grotskildery van Megaloceros in Lascaux, Frankryk</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001 en 2004, het Suid-Afrikaanse argeoloë berig dat 'n 100 000 jaar-oue mensgemaakte <a href="/wiki/Oker_(kleur)" title="Oker (kleur)">oker</a>-gebaseerde mengsel wat gebruik kon word soos verf, in die Blombosgrot gevind is.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verdere uitgrawings in dieselfde grot het gelei tot die 2011-verslag van volledige gereedskap vir die maal van pigmente en die maak van 'n primitiewe verfagtige stof.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grotskilderye geteken met rooi of geel <a href="/wiki/Oker_(kleurstof)" title="Oker (kleurstof)">oker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hematiet" title="Hematiet">hematiet</a>, mangaanoksied, en <a href="/wiki/Houtskool" title="Houtskool">houtskool</a> kon gemaak gewees het deur vroeë <i>Homo sapiens</i> so lank as 40 000 jaar gelede. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komponente">Komponente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Komponente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Komponente"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Draer">Draer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Draer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Draer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die draer word saamgestel uit die binder; of, as dit nodig is om dit te verdun, die binder met 'n oplosmiddel of water.<sup id="cite_ref-Wicks_5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wicks_5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In hierdie geval sal byna al die oplosmiddel verdamp het sodra die verf droog is, en is slegs die binder oor, wat dan die oppervlak bedek. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Brush_and_watercolours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brush_and_watercolours.jpg/260px-Brush_and_watercolours.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brush_and_watercolours.jpg/390px-Brush_and_watercolours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brush_and_watercolours.jpg/520px-Brush_and_watercolours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Waterverfskilderkuns" title="Waterverfskilderkuns">Waterverf</a> word met 'n kwassie aangewend</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:EWM_paint_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/EWM_paint_2007.jpg/330px-EWM_paint_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/EWM_paint_2007.jpg/500px-EWM_paint_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/EWM_paint_2007.jpg/960px-EWM_paint_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>'n Versameling blikke verf en spuitkannetjies</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Binder">Binder</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Binder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Binder"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die binder is die filmvormingkomponent van die verf.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit is die enigste komponent wat altyd teenwoordig is by al die verskillende tipes van formulerings. Baie binders is te dik om direk aangewend te word en moet verdun word. Die tipe verdunner, indien teenwoordig, wissel saam met die binder. </p><p>Die binder verleen eienskappe soos glans, buigsaamheid en duursaamheid.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verdunner_of_oplosmiddel">Verdunner of oplosmiddel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdunner of oplosmiddel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verdunner of oplosmiddel"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die belangrikste doel van die <a href="/wiki/Oplosmiddel" title="Oplosmiddel">oplosmiddel</a> is om die <a href="/wiki/Polimeer" title="Polimeer">polimeer</a> op te los en die <a href="/wiki/Viskositeit" title="Viskositeit">viskositeit</a> van die verf aan te pas. Dit is wisselvallig en word nie deel van die verffilm nie. Dit beheer ook vloei- en aanwendingseienskappe, en in sommige gevalle kan dit die stabiliteit van die verf beïnvloed terwyl dit in die vloeibare toestand is. </p><p>Die belangrikste funksie is as draer vir die nie-vlugtige komponente. Om swaarder olies (bv. lynsaad) makliker te kan uitsprei in olie-gebaseerde binnenshuise verf, is 'n dunner olie nodig. Hierdie vlugtige stowwe se eienskappe dra tydelik by tot die verspreiding van die verf en wanneer die oplosmiddel soos <a href="/wiki/Tolueen" title="Tolueen">tolueen</a> verdamp het, plak die res van die verf vas aan die oppervlak. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> is die belangrikste oplosmiddel vir waterbasisverf, selfs in dié wat van die mede-oplosmiddeltipe is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pigment_en_vuller">Pigment en vuller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Pigment en vuller" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pigment en vuller"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pigmente is korrelvastestowwe wat by die verf gevoeg word om kleur daaraan te verleen. Vullers is korrelvastestowwe wat bygevoeg word om taaiheid, duursaamheid, tekstuur, en ander spesiale eienskappe aan verf te verleen,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of om die verf se koste te verminder. </p><p>Die pigmente in verf is baie fyn en vorm saam met die bindmiddel en die oplosmiddel ŉ emulsie of oplossing. Die uiteindelike film bestaan uit die pigmente wat as harde korreltjies langs mekaar gerangskik is. </p><p>Die kleur wat deur middel van pigmente verkry word, word bepaal deur die golflengte van die <a href="/wiki/Lig" title="Lig">lig</a> wat dit weerkaats, asook deur die brekingsindeks daarvan. Die brekingsindeks van die pigmente moet van die van die bindmiddel verskil sodat breking en weerkaatsing by elke vlak in die pigment-bindmiddelverbinding plaasvind en die kleur eenvormig vertoon. Pigmente het onder meer die volgende eienskappe: </p><p>- Kleurvermoë: die hoeveelheid pigment wat nodig is om 'n bepaalde kleur te verkry. </p><p>- Ligbestendigheid: die vermoë om sonlig te weerstaan en kleurvas te bly. </p><p>- Dekvermoë, dit wil sê die hoeveelheid pigment wat nodig is om ŉ oppervlak te bedek sodat dit nie meer deurskyn nie. </p><p>Die bindmiddel in verf bestaan uit boustene of makromolekules wat as monomere bekend staan. Dit word in 'n middel opgelos en die molekuulmassa bepaal die hoeveelheid oplosmiddel wat gebruik moet word. Oor die algemeen bevat verf sowat 80 % oplosmiddel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verf_van_Suid-Afrika_se_vroeë_inwoners"><span id="Verf_van_Suid-Afrika_se_vroe.C3.AB_inwoners"></span>Verf van Suid-Afrika se vroeë inwoners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Verf van Suid-Afrika se vroeë inwoners" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Verf van Suid-Afrika se vroeë inwoners"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die vroeë inwoners van Suid-Afrika het verskeie natuurlike kleurstowwe, byvoorbeeld gekleurde grond en plante en bessies, gebruik om verf te maak. Die <a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoi en die San</a> het verf gemaak deur <a href="/wiki/Oker_(kleurstof)" title="Oker (kleurstof)">oker</a>, 'n besondere soort rooi klei, met 'n medium, waarskynlik dierevet, te meng. Hulle het ook <a href="/wiki/Oranje" class="mw-redirect" title="Oranje">oranje</a> en <a href="/wiki/Geel" title="Geel">geel</a> grond verpoeier en dit met die een of ander vloeistof, waarskynlik urine of die wit van <a href="/wiki/Volstruis" title="Volstruis">volstruiseiers</a>, gemeng. <a href="/wiki/Houtskool_(kuns)" title="Houtskool (kuns)">Houtskool</a> en voëlmis is ook gebruik. </p><p>Die rotstekeninge van ons land is oor die hele wêreld bekend. Die Khoi en die San het blykbaar die verf wat hulle wou gebruik, aangemaak op die plek waar hulle geskilder het. Omdat die natuurlike stowwe waarvan hulle verf kon maak, maar taamlik beperk was, kon hulle nie met so 'n verskeidenheid kleure soos vandag se skilders verf nie. Hulle het blykbaar nie <a href="/wiki/Blou" title="Blou">blou</a> of <a href="/wiki/Groen" title="Groen">groen</a> gehad nie. In geen rotsskildery is enige van hierdie twee kleure nog gesien nie, maar dit kan ook wees dat dit van 'n stof gemaak was wat maklik verweer of verbleik het. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Xhosas" title="Xhosas">Xhosas</a> het verskillende kleure grond en plantsappe gebruik om hulself en hul hutte mee te verf. Selfs vandag nog word die gesig en liggaam van jong Xhosas tydens die <a href="/wiki/Deurgangsrite" title="Deurgangsrite">inisiasietydperk</a> met wit klei beplak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soorte">Soorte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Soorte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Soorte"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die volgende soorte verf is in die handel verkrygbaar: </p> <ul><li>Nitrosellulose-verf, wat eerder ŉ vernis as 'n verf is, en dikwels as ŉ vulstof gebruik word.</li> <li>Chloorrubberverf, met goeie slytwerende eienskappe.</li> <li>Vinielverf, 'n versamelnaam vir verfstowwe wat uit koolwaterstowwe berei word. Bekende soorte is PVA (polivinielasetaat), met ŉ olie- of 'n waterbasis, PA (poliakrilaat) en PM (polimetakrilaat).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0331_040331_ostrichman_2.html">http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0331_040331_ostrichman_2.html</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/oct/13/stone-age-painting-kits">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/oct/13/stone-age-painting-kits</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.livescience.com/16538-oldest-human-paint-studio.html">http://www.livescience.com/16538-oldest-human-paint-studio.html</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wicks_5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wicks_5_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWicks2004" class="citation book cs1">Wicks, Zeno W., Jr. (2004). <i>Organic Coatings: Science and Technology</i> (3rd uitg.). Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John WIley & Sons, Inc. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-471-69806-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-471-69806-7"><bdi>978-0-471-69806-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+Coatings%3A+Science+and+Technology&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey%2C+USA&rft.pages=5&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=John+WIley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-471-69806-7&rft.aulast=Wicks&rft.aufirst=Zeno+W.%2C+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVerf" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFLambourne1999" class="citation book cs1">Lambourne, R (1999). <i>Paint and Surface Coatings: Theory and Practice</i> (2nd uitg.). Abington, Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing Limited. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1_85573_348_X" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1 85573 348 X"><bdi>1 85573 348 X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paint+and+Surface+Coatings%3A+Theory+and+Practice&rft.place=Abington%2C+Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=185573348X&rft.aulast=Lambourne&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVerf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.essentialvermeer.com/palette/palette_anatomy_of_paint.html#.VieiDCvQO6I">http://www.essentialvermeer.com/palette/palette_anatomy_of_paint.html#.VieiDCvQO6I</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFBaird2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baird, Colin (30 Junie 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sGQdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&dq=The+binder+gives+properties+such+as+gloss,+durability,+flexibility,+and+toughness.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi764j39PPUAhUI7mMKHR4AC2IQ6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=The%20binder%20gives%20properties%20such%20as%20gloss,%20durability,%20flexibility,%20and%20toughness.&f=false"><i>CourseSmart International E-Book for Environmental Chemistry</i></a> (in Engels). Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-4641-6287-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-4641-6287-9"><bdi>978-1-4641-6287-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CourseSmart+International+E-Book+for+Environmental+Chemistry&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012-06-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4641-6287-9&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsGQdBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA101%26dq%3DThe%2Bbinder%2Bgives%2Bproperties%2Bsuch%2Bas%2Bgloss%2C%2Bdurability%2C%2Bflexibility%2C%2Band%2Btoughness.%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi764j39PPUAhUI7mMKHR4AC2IQ6AEIJDAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DThe%2520binder%2520gives%2520properties%2520such%2520as%2520gloss%2C%2520durability%2C%2520flexibility%2C%2520and%2520toughness.%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVerf" class="Z3988"></span><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFGürses2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gürses, Ahmet (4 Mei 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KfggDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59&dq=Pigments+are+granular+solids+incorporated+in+the+paint+to+contribute+color&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjXvJyJxfDUAhVI-GMKHYjcAmYQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=Pigments%20are%20granular%20solids%20incorporated%20in%20the%20paint%20to%20contribute%20color&f=false"><i>Dyes and Pigments</i></a> (in Engels). Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-319-33892-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-319-33892-7"><bdi>978-3-319-33892-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dyes+and+Pigments&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft.isbn=978-3-319-33892-7&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCrses&rft.aufirst=Ahmet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKfggDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA59%26dq%3DPigments%2Bare%2Bgranular%2Bsolids%2Bincorporated%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bpaint%2Bto%2Bcontribute%2Bcolor%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjXvJyJxfDUAhVI-GMKHYjcAmYQ6AEILTAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DPigments%2520are%2520granular%2520solids%2520incorporated%2520in%2520the%2520paint%2520to%2520contribute%2520color%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVerf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>KENNIS, 1980, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0798108231" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0798108231</a>, volume 1, bl. 135</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldspektrum" title="Wêreldspektrum">Wêreldspektrum</a>, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0908409699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0908409699</a>, volume 28, bl. 106, 107</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Notas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Notas"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit die <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint" class="extiw" title="en:Paint">Engelse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info"><span title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon.">   </span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/20px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/40px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit die <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verf" class="extiw" title="nl:Verf">Nederlandse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info"><span title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon.">   </span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/20px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/40px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174219&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174219&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174219" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128631-5">4128631-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85096623">sh85096623</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573341">00573341</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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