CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cerberus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9ac682dd-d47a-49fd-9c33-436b2a22720b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cerberus","wgTitle":"Cerberus","wgCurRevisionId":1281313814,"wgRevisionId":1281313814,"wgArticleId":6697,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2017","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Pages with Greek IPA","Commons category link from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica","Cerberus","Greek underworld","Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid","Residents of the Greek underworld","Mythological dogs","Mythological hybrids","Symbols of Hades","Labours of Hercules","Mythological canines","Deeds of Hermes","Monsters in Greek mythology","Mythical many-headed creatures","Greek legendary creatures","Dogs in religion","Metamorphoses into flowers in Greek mythology","Characters in the Divine Comedy"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cerberus","wgRelevantArticleId":6697,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q83496","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg/1200px-Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="911"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg/800px-Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="608"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg/640px-Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="486"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cerberus - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberus"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberus"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cerberus rootpage-Cerberus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cerberus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cerberus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cerberus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cerberus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Twelfth_Labour_of_Heracles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Twelfth_Labour_of_Heracles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Twelfth Labour of Heracles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Twelfth_Labour_of_Heracles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Twelfth Labour of Heracles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Twelfth_Labour_of_Heracles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theseus_and_Pirithous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theseus_and_Pirithous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Theseus and Pirithous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theseus_and_Pirithous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Capture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exit_from_the_underworld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exit_from_the_underworld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Exit from the underworld</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exit_from_the_underworld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presented_to_Eurystheus,_returned_to_Hades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presented_to_Eurystheus,_returned_to_Hades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Presented to Eurystheus, returned to Hades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presented_to_Eurystheus,_returned_to_Hades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Principal sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cerberus_rationalized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerberus_rationalized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cerberus rationalized</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerberus_rationalized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cerberus_allegorized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerberus_allegorized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cerberus allegorized</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerberus_allegorized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namesakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namesakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Namesakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namesakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerberus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(mitologie)" title="Kerberos (mitologie) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kerberos (mitologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سيربيروس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيربيروس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbero_(mitoloch%C3%ADa)" title="Cerbero (mitolochía) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cerbero (mitolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberu" title="Cerberu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cerberu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerber_(mifologiya)" title="Kerber (mifologiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kerber (mifologiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цербер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цербер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цэрбер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэрбер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Cerberus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цербер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цербер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerber" title="Kerber – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kerber" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8rber" title="Cèrber – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèrber" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цербер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цербер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerb%C3%A8re" title="Cerbère – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cerbère" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbaru" title="Cerbaru – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cerbaru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serberws" title="Serberws – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Serberws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κέρβερος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέρβερος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbero" title="Cerbero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cerbero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbero" title="Cerbero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cerbero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerbero" title="Zerbero – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerbero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سربروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سربروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerb%C3%A8re" title="Cerbère – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cerbère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9rbero" title="Cérbero – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cérbero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="케르베로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케르베로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Կերբերոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կերբերոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerber" title="Kerber – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kerber" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbero" title="Cerbero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cerbero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(mitologi)" title="Kerberos (mitologi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerberos (mitologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbero" title="Cerbero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cerbero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_(%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="קרברוס (מיתולוגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרברוס (מיתולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცერბერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცერბერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цербер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цербер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cerberus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbers" title="Cerbers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cerbers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberis" title="Cerberis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cerberis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberosz" title="Kerberosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kerberosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кербер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кербер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerb%C3%A8re" title="Cerbère – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Cerbère" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സെർബെറസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെർബെറസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცერბერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცერბერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serberus" title="Serberus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serberus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B2%E1%80%98%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကဲဘဲရို့စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကဲဘဲရို့စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(mythisch_wezen)" title="Kerberos (mythisch wezen) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kerberos (mythisch wezen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="ケルベロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケルベロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerb%C3%A8r" title="Cerbèr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cerbèr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerber" title="Cerber – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cerber" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸਰਬੇਰਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰਬੇਰਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سېربېروس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سېربېروس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerber" title="Cerber – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cerber" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9rbero" title="Cérbero – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cérbero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerber" title="Cerber – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cerber" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цербер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цербер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberi" title="Kerberi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kerberi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cerberus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerber" title="Kerber – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kerber" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кербер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кербер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerber" title="Kerber – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kerber" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(mytologi)" title="Kerberos (mytologi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kerberos (mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செர்பெரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செர்பெரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="เซอร์เบอรัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซอร์เบอรัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цербер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цербер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kerberos" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cerberus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E8%80%B3%E6%9F%8F%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="刻耳柏洛斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="刻耳柏洛斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%9F%8F%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="克爾柏洛斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="克爾柏洛斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E8%80%B3%E6%9F%8F%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="刻耳柏洛斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="刻耳柏洛斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cerberus" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cerberus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cerberus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cerberus" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cerberus" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&oldid=1281313814" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cerberus&id=1281313814&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCerberus"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCerberus"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cerberus&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cerberus_(mythology)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83496" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Multi-headed dog in Greek mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Greek_myth)" title="Cerberus (Greek myth)">Cerberus (Greek myth)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cerberus (disambiguation)">Cerberus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg/220px-Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg/330px-Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg/440px-Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, wearing his characteristic lion-skin, club in right hand, leash in left, presenting a three-headed Cerberus, snakes coiling from his snouts, necks and front paws, to a frightened <a href="/wiki/Eurystheus" title="Eurystheus">Eurystheus</a> hiding in a giant pot. <a href="/wiki/Caere" title="Caere">Caeretan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria">hydria</a> (c. 530 BC) from <a href="/wiki/Caere" title="Caere">Caere</a> (Louvre E701).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Cerberus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Κέρβερος</span> <i>Kérberos</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ˈkerberos]</a></span>), often referred to as the <b>hound of <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Polycephaly" title="Polycephaly">multi-headed</a> dog that guards the gates of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">underworld</a> to prevent the dead from leaving. He was the offspring of the monsters <a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a>, and was usually described as having three heads, a serpent for a tail, and snakes protruding from his body. Cerberus is primarily known for his capture by <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, the last of Heracles' <a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Heracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Labours of Heracles">twelve labours</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg/250px-Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg/330px-Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg/340px-Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>Cerberus and Hades/<a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum" title="Heraklion Archaeological Museum">Heraklion Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The etymology of Cerberus' name is uncertain. Ogden<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to attempts to establish an Indo-European etymology as "not yet successful". It has been claimed to be related to the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word सर्वरा <i>sarvarā</i>, used as an epithet of one of the <a href="/wiki/Sharvara_and_Shyama" title="Sharvara and Shyama">dogs of Yama</a>, from a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> word *<i>k̑érberos</i>, meaning "spotted".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln (1991),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others, critiques this etymology. This etymology was also rejected by <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Mayrhofer" title="Manfred Mayrhofer">Manfred Mayrhofer</a>, who proposed an Austro-Asiatic origin for the word,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Beekes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln notes a similarity between Cerberus and the <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythological</a> dog <a href="/wiki/Garmr" title="Garmr">Garmr</a>, relating both names to a Proto-Indo-European root <i>*ger-</i> "to growl" (perhaps with the suffixes <i>-*m/*b</i> and <i>-*r</i>). However, as Ogden observes, this analysis actually requires <i>Kerberos</i> and <i>Garmr</i> to be derived from two <i>different</i> Indo-European roots (*<i>ker-</i> and *<i>gher-</i> respectively), and so does not actually establish a relationship between the two names. </p><p>Though probably not Greek, Greek etymologies for Cerberus have been offered. An etymology given by <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> (the late-fourth-century commentator on <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>)—but rejected by Ogden—derives Cerberus from the Greek word <i>creoboros</i> meaning "flesh-devouring".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another suggested etymology derives Cerberus from "Ker berethrou", meaning "evil of the pit".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descriptions">Descriptions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Descriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descriptions of Cerberus vary, including the number of his heads. Cerberus was usually three-headed, though not always. Cerberus had several multi-headed relatives. His father was the multi snake-footed <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cerberus was the brother of three other multi-headed monsters, the multi-snake-headed <a href="/wiki/Lernaean_Hydra" title="Lernaean Hydra">Lernaean Hydra</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthrus" title="Orthrus">Orthrus</a>, the two-headed dog that guarded the Cattle of <a href="/wiki/Geryon" title="Geryon">Geryon</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a>, who had three heads: that of a lion, a goat, and a snake.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And, like these close relatives, Cerberus was, with only the rare iconographic exception, multi-headed. </p><p>In the earliest description of Cerberus, <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> (c. 8th – 7th century BC), Cerberus has fifty heads, while <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a> (c. 522 – c. 443 BC) gave him one hundred heads.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, later writers almost universally give Cerberus three heads.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception is the Latin poet <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>'s Cerberus which has a single dog head, and one hundred snake heads.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps trying to reconcile these competing traditions, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>'s Cerberus has three dog heads and the heads of "all sorts of snakes" along his back, while the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> poet <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">John Tzetzes</a> (who probably based his account on Apollodorus) gives Cerberus fifty heads, three of which were dog heads, the rest being the "heads of other beasts of all sorts".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg/220px-Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg/330px-Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg/440px-Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_F204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2571" data-file-height="1893" /></a><figcaption>Heracles, chain in left hand, his club laid aside, calms a two-headed Cerberus, which has a snake protruding from each of his heads, a mane down his necks and back, and a snake tail. Cerberus is emerging from a portico, which represents the palace of <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> in the underworld. Between them, a tree represents the sacred grove of Hades' wife Persephone. On the far left, Athena stands, left arm extended. <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">Amphora</a> (c. 525–510 BC) from <a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a> (Louvre F204).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In art Cerberus is most commonly depicted with two dog heads (visible), never more than three, but occasionally with only one.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On one of the two earliest depictions (c. 590–580 BC), a <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinthian</a> cup from <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> (see below), now lost, Cerberus was shown as a normal single-headed dog.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first appearance of a three-headed Cerberus occurs on a mid-sixth-century BC <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconian</a> cup (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horace's many snake-headed Cerberus followed a long tradition of Cerberus being part snake. This is perhaps already implied as early as in Hesiod's <i>Theogony</i>, where Cerberus' mother is the half-snake <a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a>, and his father the snake-headed Typhon. In art, Cerberus is often shown as being part snake,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example the lost Corinthian cup showed snakes protruding from Cerberus' body, while the mid sixth-century BC Laconian cup gives Cerberus a snake for a tail. In the literary record, the first certain indication of Cerberus' serpentine nature comes from the rationalized account of <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a> (fl. 500–494 BC), who makes Cerberus a large poisonous snake.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> refers to Cerberus' composite nature,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorion of Chalcis</a> (3rd century BC) describes Cerberus as having multiple snake tails,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and presumably in connection to his serpentine nature, associates Cerberus with the creation of the poisonous <a href="/wiki/Aconitum" title="Aconitum">aconite</a> plant.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> has snakes writhe around Cerberus' neck,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s Cerberus has a venomous mouth,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> necks "vile with snakes",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "hair inwoven with the threatening snake",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> gives Cerberus a mane consisting of snakes, and a single snake tail.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cerberus was given various other traits. According to <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Cerberus not only had three heads but three bodies,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and according to Virgil he had multiple backs.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cerberus ate raw flesh (according to Hesiod),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had eyes which flashed fire (according to Euphorion), a three-tongued mouth (according to Horace), and acute hearing (according to Seneca).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Twelfth_Labour_of_Heracles">The Twelfth Labour of Heracles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Twelfth Labour of Heracles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png/250px-12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png/330px-12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png/500px-12th_labour_of_Heracles_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19119.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Athena, Hermes and Heracles, leading a two-headed Cerberus out of the underworld, as Persephone looks on. <a href="/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria">Hydria</a> (c. 550–500 BC) attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Leagros_Group" title="Leagros Group">Leagros Group</a> (Louvre CA 2992).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cerberus' only mythology concerns his capture by Heracles.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> we learn that Heracles was sent by <a href="/wiki/Eurystheus" title="Eurystheus">Eurystheus</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Tiryns" title="Tiryns">Tiryns</a>, to bring back Cerberus from <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> the king of the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, this was the twelfth and final labour imposed on Heracles.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a fragment from a lost play <i>Pirithous</i>, (attributed to either <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> or <a href="/wiki/Critias" title="Critias">Critias</a>) Heracles says that, although Eurystheus commanded him to bring back Cerberus, it was not from any desire to see Cerberus, but only because Eurystheus thought that the task was impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heracles was aided in his mission by his being an initiate of the <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a>. Euripides has his initiation being "lucky" for Heracles in capturing Cerberus.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And both <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> and Apollodorus say that Heracles was initiated into the Mysteries, in preparation for his <a href="/wiki/Katabasis" title="Katabasis">descent into the underworld</a>. According to Diodorus, Heracles went to Athens, where <a href="/wiki/Musaeus_of_Athens" title="Musaeus of Athens">Musaeus</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>, was in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Initiation_rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Initiation rites">initiation rites</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while according to Apollodorus, he went to <a href="/wiki/Eumolpus" title="Eumolpus">Eumolpus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heracles also had the help of <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, the usual guide of the underworld, as well as <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>. In the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, Homer has Hermes and Athena as his guides.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And Hermes and Athena are often shown with Heracles on vase paintings depicting Cerberus' capture. By most accounts, Heracles made his descent into the underworld through an entrance at <a href="/wiki/Tainaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tainaron">Tainaron</a>, the most famous of the various Greek entrances to the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The place is first mentioned in connection with the Cerberus story in the rationalized account of <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a> (fl. 500–494 BC), and Euripides, <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, and Apolodorus, all have Heracles descend into the underworld there.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a> reports that Heracles was said to have descended at the Acherusian Chersonese near <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, a place more usually associated with Heracles' exit from the underworld (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heraclea, founded c. 560 BC, perhaps took its name from the association of its site with Heracles' Cerberian exploit.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theseus_and_Pirithous">Theseus and Pirithous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Theseus and Pirithous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While in the underworld, Heracles met the heroes <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a>, where the two companions were being held prisoner by Hades for attempting to carry off Hades's wife <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>. Along with bringing back Cerberus, Heracles also managed (usually) to rescue Theseus, and in some versions Pirithous as well.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Apollodorus, Heracles found Theseus and Pirithous near the gates of Hades, bound to the "Chair of Forgetfulness, to which they grew and were held fast by coils of serpents", and when they saw Heracles, "they stretched out their hands as if they should be raised from the dead by his might", and Heracles was able to free Theseus, but when he tried to raise up Pirithous, "the earth quaked and he let go."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest evidence for the involvement of Theseus and Pirithous in the Cerberus story, is found on a shield-band relief (c. 560 BC) from <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>, where Theseus and Pirithous (named) are seated together on a chair, arms held out in supplication, while Heracles approaches, about to draw his sword.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest literary mention of the rescue occurs in Euripides, where Heracles saves Theseus (with no mention of Pirithous).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the lost play <i>Pirithous</i>, both heroes are rescued,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in the rationalized account of <a href="/wiki/Philochorus" title="Philochorus">Philochorus</a>, Heracles was able to rescue Theseus, but not Pirithous.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one place Diodorus says Heracles brought back both <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a>, by the favor of Persephone,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in another he says that Pirithous remained in Hades, or according to "some writers of myth" that neither Theseus, nor Pirithous returned.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are rescued in the <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> of Hyginus.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture">Capture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg/220px-Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg/330px-Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg/440px-Herakles_Kerberos_Louvre_A481.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption>Athena, Heracles, and a two-headed Cerberus, with mane down his necks and back. Hermes (not shown in the photograph) stands to the left of Athena. An <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphora</a> (c. 575–525 BC) from <a href="/wiki/Kameiros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kameiros">Kameiros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> (Louvre A481).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There are various versions of how Heracles accomplished Cerberus' capture.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Apollodorus, Heracles asked Hades for Cerberus, and Hades told Heracles he would allow him to take Cerberus only if he "mastered him without the use of the weapons which he carried", and so, using his lion-skin as a shield, Heracles squeezed Cerberus around the head until he submitted.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some early sources Cerberus' capture seems to involve Heracles fighting Hades. Homer (<i>Iliad</i> 5.395–397) has Hades injured by an arrow shot by Heracles.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A scholium to the <i>Iliad</i> passage, explains that Hades had commanded that Heracles "master Cerberus without shield or Iron".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heracles did this, by (as in Apollodorus) using his lion-skin instead of his shield, and making stone points for his arrows, but when Hades still opposed him, Heracles shot Hades in anger. Consistent with the no iron requirement, on an early-sixth-century BC lost Corinthian cup, Heracles is shown attacking Hades with a stone,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the iconographic tradition, from c. 560 BC, often shows Heracles using his wooden club against Cerberus.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Euripides has <a href="/wiki/Amphitryon" title="Amphitryon">Amphitryon</a> ask Heracles: "Did you conquer him in fight, or receive him from the goddess [i.e. Persephone]? To which Heracles answers: "In fight",<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Pirithous</i> fragment says that Heracles "overcame the beast by force".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to Diodorus, Persephone welcomed Heracles "like a brother" and gave Cerberus "in chains" to Heracles.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aristophanes has Heracles seize Cerberus in a stranglehold and run off,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Seneca has Heracles again use his lion-skin as shield, and his wooden club, to subdue Cerberus, after which a quailing Hades and Persephone allow Heracles to lead a chained and submissive Cerberus away.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cerberus is often shown being chained, and Ovid tells that Heracles dragged the three headed Cerberus with chains of <a href="/wiki/Adamant" title="Adamant">adamant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exit_from_the_underworld">Exit from the underworld</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exit from the underworld"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus,_1636.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus%2C_1636.jpg/250px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus%2C_1636.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus%2C_1636.jpg/330px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus%2C_1636.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus%2C_1636.jpg/500px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Hercules_and_Cerberus%2C_1636.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="3051" /></a><figcaption><i>Hercules and Cerberus</i>. Oil on canvas, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> 1636, <a href="/wiki/Prado_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Prado Museum">Prado Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There were several locations which were said to be the place where Heracles brought up Cerberus from the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The geographer Strabo (63/64 BC – c. AD 24) reports that "according to the myth writers" Cerberus was brought up at Tainaron,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the same place where Euripides has Heracles enter the underworld. Seneca has Heracles enter and exit at Tainaron.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollodorus, although he has Heracles enter at Tainaron, has him exit at <a href="/wiki/Troezen" title="Troezen">Troezen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The geographer <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> tells us that there was a temple at Troezen with "altars to the gods said to rule under the earth", where it was said that, in addition to Cerberus being "dragged" up by Heracles, <a href="/wiki/Semele" title="Semele">Semele</a> was supposed to have been brought up out of the underworld by <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another tradition had Cerberus brought up at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a> (the same place which Xenophon had earlier associated with Heracles' descent) and the cause of the poisonous plant <a href="/wiki/Aconitum" title="Aconitum">aconite</a> which grew there in abundance.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Herodorus" title="Herodorus">Herodorus of Heraclea</a> and Euphorion said that when Heracles brought Cerberus up from the underworld at Heraclea, Cerberus "vomited bile" from which the aconite plant grew up.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovid, also makes Cerberus the cause of the poisonous aconite, saying that on the "shores of <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>", upon leaving the underworld, as Cerberus was being dragged by Heracles from a cave, dazzled by the unaccustomed daylight, Cerberus spewed out a "poison-foam", which made the aconite plants growing there poisonous.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seneca's Cerberus too, like Ovid's, reacts violently to his first sight of daylight. Enraged, the previously submissive Cerberus struggles furiously, and Heracles and Theseus must together drag Cerberus into the light.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pausanias reports that according to local legend Cerberus was brought up through a chasm in the earth dedicated to Clymenus (Hades) next to the sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Chthonia" title="Chthonia">Chthonia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ermioni" title="Ermioni">Hermione</a>, and in Euripides' <i>Heracles</i>, though Euripides does not say that Cerberus was brought out there, he has Cerberus kept for a while in the "grove of <a href="/wiki/Chthonia" title="Chthonia">Chthonia</a>" at Hermione.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pausanias also mentions that at Mount Laphystion in Boeotia, that there was a statue of Heracles <a href="/wiki/Charops_(mythology)" title="Charops (mythology)">Charops</a> ("with bright eyes"), where the Boeotians said Heracles brought up Cerberus.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other locations which perhaps were also associated with Cerberus being brought out of the underworld include, <a href="/wiki/Hierapolis" title="Hierapolis">Hierapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thesprotia" title="Thesprotia">Thesprotia</a>, and Emeia near <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presented_to_Eurystheus,_returned_to_Hades"><span id="Presented_to_Eurystheus.2C_returned_to_Hades"></span>Presented to Eurystheus, returned to Hades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Presented to Eurystheus, returned to Hades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some accounts, after bringing Cerberus up from the underworld, Heracles paraded the captured Cerberus through Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Euphorion has Heracles lead Cerberus through Midea in <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolis</a>, as women and children watch in fear,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> says of Cerberus, that Heracles "carried him away to the amazement of all and exhibited him to men."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seneca has Juno complain of Heracles "highhandedly parading the black hound through Argive cities"<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Heracles greeted by laurel-wreathed crowds, "singing" his praises.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then, according to Apollodorus, Heracles showed Cerberus to Eurystheus, as commanded, after which he returned Cerberus to the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius of Alexandria</a>, Cerberus escaped, presumably returning to the underworld on his own.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_sources">Principal sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Principal sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerberus-Blake.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cerberus-Blake.jpeg/220px-Cerberus-Blake.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cerberus-Blake.jpeg/330px-Cerberus-Blake.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cerberus-Blake.jpeg/440px-Cerberus-Blake.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Cerberus, with the gluttons in <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Third_Circle_of_Hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Circle of Hell">Third Circle of Hell</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest mentions of Cerberus (c. 8th – 7th century BC) occur in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homer does not name or describe Cerberus, but simply refers to Heracles being sent by <a href="/wiki/Eurystheus" title="Eurystheus">Eurystheus</a> to fetch the "hound of Hades", with <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> as his guides,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in a possible reference to Cerberus' capture, that Heracles shot Hades with an arrow.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, Cerberus was the offspring of the monsters <a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a>, was fifty-headed, ate raw flesh, and was the "brazen-voiced hound of Hades",<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who fawns on those that enter the house of Hades, but eats those who try to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a> (c. 630 – 555 BC) apparently wrote a poem called <i>Cerberus</i>, of which virtually nothing remains.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the early-sixth-century BC-lost <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinthian</a> cup from <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, which showed a single head, and snakes growing out from many places on his body,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was possibly influenced by Stesichorus' poem.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mid-sixth-century BC cup from <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a> gives Cerberus three heads and a snake tail, which eventually becomes the standard representation.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a> (c. 522 – c. 443 BC) apparently gave Cerberus one hundred heads.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a> (5th century BC) also mentions Heracles bringing Cerberus up from the underworld, with no further details.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> (c. 495 – c. 405 BC), in his <i><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Trachis" title="Women of Trachis">Women of Trachis</a></i>, makes Cerberus three-headed,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in his <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i>, the Chorus asks that <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a> be allowed to pass the gates of the underworld undisturbed by Cerberus, called here the "untamable Watcher of Hades".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> (c. 480 – 406 BC) describes Cerberus as three-headed,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and three-bodied,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says that Heracles entered the underworld at Tainaron,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has Heracles say that Cerberus was not given to him by Persephone, but rather he fought and conquered Cerberus, "for I had been lucky enough to witness the rites of the initiated", an apparent reference to his initiation into the <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and says that the capture of Cerberus was the last of Heracles' labors.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lost play <i>Pirthous</i> (attributed to either Euripides or his late contemporary <a href="/wiki/Critias" title="Critias">Critias</a>) has Heracles say that he came to the underworld at the command of Eurystheus, who had ordered him to bring back Cerberus alive, not because he wanted to see Cerberus, but only because Eurystheus thought Heracles would not be able to accomplish the task, and that Heracles "overcame the beast" and "received favour from the gods".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg/220px-Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg/330px-Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg/440px-Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.151.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1863" /></a><figcaption> Cerberus and Heracles. Etching by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tempesta" title="Antonio Tempesta">Antonio Tempesta</a> (Florence, Italy, 1555–1630). The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> (c. 425 – 348 BC) refers to Cerberus' composite nature, citing Cerberus, along with <a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a> and the Chimera, as an example from "ancient fables" of a creature composed of many animal forms "grown together in one".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorion of Chalcis</a> (3rd century BC) describes Cerberus as having multiple snake tails, and eyes that flashed, like sparks from a blacksmith's forge, or the volcanic <a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Euphorion, also comes the first mention of a story which told that at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a>, where Cerberus was brought out of the underworld, by Heracles, Cerberus "vomited bile" from which the poisonous <a href="/wiki/Aconitum" title="Aconitum">aconite</a> plant grew up.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> (1st century BC), the capture of Cerberus was the eleventh of Heracles' labors, the twelfth and last being stealing the <a href="/wiki/Apples_of_the_Hesperides" title="Apples of the Hesperides">Apples of the Hesperides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diodorus says that Heracles thought it best to first go to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> to take part in the <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Musaeus_of_Athens" title="Musaeus of Athens">Musaeus</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>, being at that time in charge of the initiatory rites", after which, he entered into the underworld "welcomed like a brother by <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>", and "receiving the dog Cerberus in chains he carried him away to the amazement of all and exhibited him to men." </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> (1st century BC), <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Sibyl</a> encounter Cerberus in a cave, where he "lay at vast length", filling the cave "from end to end", blocking the entrance to the underworld. Cerberus is described as "triple-throated", with "three fierce mouths", multiple "large backs", and serpents writhing around his neck. The Sibyl throws Cerberus a loaf laced with honey and herbs to induce sleep, enabling <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> to enter the underworld, and so apparently for Virgil—contradicting Hesiod—Cerberus guarded the underworld against entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Virgil describes Cerberus, in his bloody cave, crouching over half-gnawed bones.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <i><a href="/wiki/Georgics" title="Georgics">Georgics</a></i>, Virgil refers to Cerberus, his "triple jaws agape" being tamed by Orpheus' playing his lyre.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> (65 – 8 BC) also refers to Cerberus yielding to Orpheus' lyre, here Cerberus has a single dog head, which "like a Fury's is fortified by a hundred snakes", with a "triple-tongued mouth" oozing "fetid breath and gore".<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (43 BC – AD 17/18) has Cerberus' mouth produce venom,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and like Euphorion, makes Cerberus the cause of the poisonous plant aconite.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ovid, Heracles dragged Cerberus from the underworld, emerging from a cave "where 'tis fabled, the plant grew / on soil infected by Cerberian teeth", and dazzled by the daylight, Cerberus spewed out a "poison-foam", which made the aconite plants growing there poisonous. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg/220px-Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg/330px-Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg/440px-Hercules_and_Cerberus_LACMA_65.37.17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1462" /></a><figcaption>Cerberus and Heracles. Etching by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tempesta" title="Antonio Tempesta">Antonio Tempesta</a> (Florence, Italy, 1555–1630). The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, in his tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Seneca)" title="Hercules (Seneca)">Hercules Furens</a></i> gives a detailed description of Cerberus and his capture.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seneca's Cerberus has three heads, a mane of snakes, and a snake tail, with his three heads being covered in gore, and licked by the many snakes which surround them, and with hearing so acute that he can hear "even ghosts".<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seneca has Heracles use his lion-skin as shield, and his wooden club, to beat Cerberus into submission, after which Hades and Persephone, quailing on their thrones, let Heracles lead a chained and submissive Cerberus away. But upon leaving the underworld, at his first sight of daylight, a frightened Cerberus struggles furiously, and Heracles, with the help of Theseus (who had been held captive by Hades, but released, at Heracles' request) drag Cerberus into the light.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seneca, like Diodorus, has Heracles parade the captured Cerberus through Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apollodorus' Cerberus has three dog-heads, a serpent for a tail, and the heads of many snakes on his back.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Apollodorus, Heracles' twelfth and final labor was to bring back Cerberus from Hades. Heracles first went to <a href="/wiki/Eumolpus" title="Eumolpus">Eumolpus</a> to be initiated into the <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a>. Upon his entering the underworld, all the dead flee Heracles except for <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a> <a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a>. Heracles drew his sword against Medusa, but Hermes told Heracles that the dead are mere "empty phantoms". Heracles asked Hades (here called Pluto) for Cerberus, and Hades said that Heracles could take Cerberus provided he was able to subdue him without using weapons. Heracles found Cerberus at the gates of <a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a>, and with his arms around Cerberus, though being bitten by Cerberus' serpent tail, Heracles squeezed until Cerberus submitted. Heracles carried Cerberus away, showed him to Eurystheus, then returned Cerberus to the underworld. </p><p>In an apparently unique version of the story, related by the sixth-century AD <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Nonnus" title="Pseudo-Nonnus">Pseudo-Nonnus</a>, Heracles descended into Hades to abduct Persephone, and killed Cerberus on his way back up.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG/290px-Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG/435px-Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG/580px-Skyphos_aus_Argos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption>One of the two earliest depictions of the capture of Cerberus (composed of the last five figures on the right) shows, from right to left: Cerberus, with a single dog head and snakes rising from his body, fleeing right, Hermes, with his characteristic hat (<i><a href="/wiki/Petasos" title="Petasos">petasos</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Caduceus" title="Caduceus">caduceus</a>, Heracles, with quiver on his back, stone in left hand, and bow in right, a goddess, standing in front of Hades' throne, facing Heracles, and Hades, with scepter, fleeing left. Drawing of a lost Corinthian cup (c. 590–580 BC) from Argos.</figcaption></figure> <p>The capture of Cerberus was a popular theme in ancient Greek and Roman art.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest depictions date from the beginning of the sixth century BC. One of the two earliest depictions, a <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinthian</a> cup (c. 590–580 BC) from Argos (now lost),<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shows a naked Heracles, with quiver on his back and bow in his right hand, striding left, accompanied by Hermes. Heracles threatens Hades with a stone, who flees left, while a goddess, perhaps Persephone or possibly Athena, standing in front of Hades' throne, prevents the attack. Cerberus, with a single canine head and snakes rising from his head and body, flees right. On the far right a column indicates the entrance to Hades' palace. Many of the elements of this scene—Hermes, Athena, Hades, Persephone, and a column or portico—are common occurrences in later works. The other earliest depiction, a relief <i><a href="/wiki/Pithos" title="Pithos">pithos</a></i> fragment from <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> (c. 590–570 BC), is thought to show a single lion-headed Cerberus with a snake (open-mouthed) over his back being led to the right.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mid-sixth-century BC <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconian</a> cup by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunt_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunt Painter (page does not exist)">Hunt Painter</a> adds several new features to the scene which also become common in later works: three heads, a snake tail, Cerberus' chain and Heracles' club. Here Cerberus has three canine heads, is covered by a shaggy coat of snakes, and has a tail which ends in a snake head. He is being held on a chain leash by Heracles who holds his club raised over head.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Greek art, the vast majority of depictions of Heracles and Cerberus occur on <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a> vases.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the lost Corinthian cup shows Cerberus with a single dog head, and the relief <i>pithos</i> fragment (c. 590–570 BC) apparently shows a single lion-headed Cerberus, in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a> vase painting Cerberus usually has two dog heads.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other art, as in the Laconian cup, Cerberus is usually three-headed.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally in Roman art Cerberus is shown with a large central lion head and two smaller dog heads on either side.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg/170px-Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg/255px-Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg/340px-Herakles_Kerberos_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1493.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption>Heracles with club in his right hand raised over head and leash in left hand drives ahead of him a two-headed Cerberus with mane down his necks and back and a snake tail. A neck-amphora (c. 530–515 BC) from Vulci (Munich 1493).<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As in the Corinthian and Laconian cups (and possibly the relief <i>pithos</i> fragment), Cerberus is often depicted as part snake.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Attic vase painting, Cerberus is usually shown with a snake for a tail or a tail which ends in the head of a snake.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snakes are also often shown rising from various parts of his body including snout, head, neck, back, ankles, and paws. </p><p>Two Attic amphoras from Vulci, one (c. 530–515 BC) by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucci_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucci Painter (page does not exist)">Bucci Painter</a> (Munich 1493),<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the other (c. 525–510 BC) by the <a href="/wiki/Andokides_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Andokides painter">Andokides painter</a> (Louvre F204),<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to the usual two heads and snake tail, show Cerberus with a mane down his necks and back, another typical Cerberian feature of Attic vase painting.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andokides' amphora also has a small snake curling up from each of Cerberus' two heads. </p><p>Besides this lion-like mane and the occasional lion-head mentioned above, Cerberus was sometimes shown with other leonine features. A pitcher (c. 530–500) shows Cerberus with mane and claws,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a first-century BC <a href="/wiki/Sardonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardonyx">sardonyx</a> cameo shows Cerberus with leonine body and paws.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a limestone relief fragment from <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> (c. 320–300 BC) shows Cerberus with three lion-like heads.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the second quarter of the 5th century BC the capture of Cerberus disappears from Attic vase painting.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the early third century BC, the subject becomes rare everywhere until the Roman period. In Roman art the capture of Cerberus is usually shown together with other labors. Heracles and Cerberus are usually alone, with Heracles leading Cerberus.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cerberus_rationalized">Cerberus rationalized</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cerberus rationalized"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least as early as the 6th century BC, some ancient writers attempted to explain away various fantastical features of Greek mythology;<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> included in these are various rationalized accounts of the Cerberus story.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest such account (late 6th century BC) is that of <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his account Cerberus was not a dog at all, but rather simply a large venomous snake, which lived on <a href="/wiki/Tainaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tainaron">Tainaron</a>. The serpent was called the "hound of Hades" only because anyone bitten by it died immediately, and it was this snake that Heracles brought to Eurystheus. The geographer Pausanias (who preserves for us Hecataeus' version of the story) points out that, since Homer does not describe Cerberus, Hecataeus' account does not necessarily conflict with Homer, since Homer's "Hound of Hades" may not in fact refer to an actual dog.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other rationalized accounts make Cerberus out to be a normal dog. According to <a href="/wiki/Palaephatus" title="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</a> (4th century BC)<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cerberus was one of the two dogs who guarded the cattle of <a href="/wiki/Geryon" title="Geryon">Geryon</a>, the other being <a href="/wiki/Orthrus" title="Orthrus">Orthrus</a>. Geryon lived in a city named Tricranium (in Greek <i>Tricarenia</i>, "Three-Heads"),<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which name both Cerberus and Geryon came to be called "three-headed". Heracles killed Orthus, and drove away Geryon's cattle, with Cerberus following along behind. Molossus, a Mycenaen, offered to buy Cerberus from Eurystheus (presumably having received the dog, along with the cattle, from Heracles). But when Eurystheus refused, Molossus stole the dog and penned him up in a cave in Tainaron. Eurystheus commanded Heracles to find Cerberus and bring him back. After searching the entire Peloponnesus, Heracles found where it was said Cerberus was being held, went down into the cave, and brought up Cerberus, after which it was said: "Heracles descended through the cave into Hades and brought up Cerberus." </p><p>In the rationalized account of <a href="/wiki/Philochorus" title="Philochorus">Philochorus</a>, in which Heracles rescues Theseus, Perithous is eaten by Cerberus.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this version of the story, Aidoneus (i.e., "Hades") is the mortal king of the <a href="/wiki/Molossians" title="Molossians">Molossians</a>, with a wife named Persephone, a daughter named Kore (another name for the goddess Persephone) and a large mortal dog named Cerberus, with whom all suitors of his daughter were required to fight. After having stolen Helen, to be Theseus' wife, Theseus and Perithous, attempt to abduct Kore, for Perithous, but Aidoneus catches the two heroes, imprisons Theseus, and feeds Perithous to Cerberus. Later, while a guest of Aidoneus, Heracles asks Aidoneus to release Theseus, as a favor, which Aidoneus grants. </p><p>A 2nd-century AD Greek known as <a href="/wiki/Heraclitus_the_paradoxographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraclitus the paradoxographer">Heraclitus the paradoxographer</a> (not to be confused with the 5th-century BC Greek philosopher <a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a>)—claimed that Cerberus had two pups that were never away from their father, which made Cerberus appear to be three-headed.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cerberus_allegorized">Cerberus allegorized</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cerberus allegorized"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg/220px-Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg/330px-Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg/440px-Inferno_Canto_6_lines_24-26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>Virgil feeding Cerberus earth in the Third Circle of Hell. Illustration from Dante's <i>Inferno</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, a medieval commentator on <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, derived Cerberus' name from the Greek word <i>creoboros</i> meaning "flesh-devouring" (see above), and held that Cerberus symbolized the corpse-consuming earth, with Heracles' triumph over Cerberus representing his victory over earthly desires.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the mythographer <a href="/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius">Fulgentius</a>, allegorizes Cerberus' three heads as representing the three origins of human strife: "nature, cause, and accident", and (drawing on the same flesh-devouring etymology as Servius) as symbolizing "the three ages—infancy, youth, old age, at which death enters the world."<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Byzantine historian and bishop <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> wrote that Cerberus was represented with three heads, because the positions of the sun above the earth are three—rising, midday, and setting.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The later <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Mythographers" title="Vatican Mythographers">Vatican Mythographers</a> repeat and expand upon the traditions of Servius and Fulgentius. All three Vatican Mythographers repeat Servius' derivation of Cerberus' name from <i>creoboros</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Second Vatican Mythographer repeats (nearly word for word) what Fulgentius had to say about Cerberus,<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Third Vatican Mythographer, in another very similar passage to Fugentius', says (more specifically than Fugentius), that for "the philosophers" Cerberus represented hatred, his three heads symbolizing the three kinds of human hatred: natural, causal, and casual (i.e. accidental).<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second and Third Vatican Mythographers, note that the three brothers Zeus, Poseidon and Hades each have tripartite insignia, associating Hades' three-headed Cerberus, with <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>' three-forked thunderbolt, and <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>'s three-pronged trident, while the Third Vatican Mythographer adds that "some philosophers think of Cerberus as the tripartite earth: Asia, Africa, and Europe. This earth, swallowing up bodies, sends souls to Tartarus."<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgil described Cerberus as "ravenous" (<i>fame rabida</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a rapacious Cerberus became proverbial. Thus Cerberus came to symbolize avarice,<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so, for example, in <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a>,</i> Cerberus is placed in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Circle_of_Hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Circle of Hell">Third Circle of Hell</a>, guarding over the gluttons, where he "rends the spirits, flays and quarters them,"<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Dante (perhaps echoing Servius' association of Cerberus with earth) has his guide Virgil take up handfuls of earth and throw them into Cerberus' "rapacious gullets."<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namesakes">Namesakes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Namesakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg/220px-Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg/330px-Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg/440px-Hev_11_fig_H_hercules_et_cerberus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Cerberus constellation</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(constellation)" title="Cerberus (constellation)">constellation Cerberus</a> introduced by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hevelius" title="Johannes Hevelius">Johannes Hevelius</a> in 1687, Cerberus is drawn as a three-headed snake, held in Hercules' hand (previously these stars had been depicted as a branch of the tree on which grew the <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Apples of the Hesperides</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1829, French naturalist <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a> gave the name <i><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(snake)" title="Cerberus (snake)">Cerberus</a></i> to a genus of Asian snakes, which are commonly called "dog-faced water snakes" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988 the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_(MIT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)</a> developed <a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)" title="Kerberos (protocol)">Kerberos</a>, a computer-network authentication protocol, named after Cerberus.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2023_European_heatwaves" title="2023 European heatwaves">2023 European heatwaves</a>, the most significant of which was named "Cerberus Heatwave", which brought the hottest temperatures ever recorded in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_creatures" title="List of Greek mythological creatures">List of Greek mythological creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharvara_and_Shyama" title="Sharvara and Shyama">Sharvara and Shyama</a> of Hindu mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormarch" title="Dormarch">Dormarch</a> – part of the Cŵn Annwn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellhound" title="Hellhound">Hellhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a>, a chthonic creature in Egyptian mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadejo" title="Cadejo">Cadejo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2616%22">Herakles 2616</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710023814/https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2616%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Smallwood, pp. 92, 98); Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA63">p. 63</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 105; Gantz, p. 22; Perseus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Louvre+E+701&object=vase">Louvre E 701 (Vase)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Cerberus">"Cerberus"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cerberus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FCerberus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Kerberos+66%22">Kerberos 66</a>; Woodford, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalloryAdams2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Mallory" title="J. P. Mallory">Mallory, J. P.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Q._Adams" title="Douglas Q. Adams">Adams, D. Q.</a> (2006). "Chapter 25.10: Death and the Otherworld". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordintroducti00mall"><i>Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World</i></a></span>. Oxford, GBR: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://smerdaleos.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/ie-mallory-adams.pdf">[1]</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928791-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928791-8"><bdi>978-0-19-928791-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/139999117">139999117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+25.10%3A+Death+and+the+Otherworld&rft.btitle=Oxford+Introduction+to+Proto-Indo-European+and+the+Proto-Indo-European+World&rft.place=Oxford%2C+GBR&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Fsmerdaleos.files.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F08%2Fie-mallory-adams.pdf&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F139999117&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928791-8&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.au=Adams%2C+D.+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordintroducti00mall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lincoln, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JY77EuSuLk8C&pg=PA96">pp. 96–97</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayrhofer, <i>Kurzgefaßtes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen</i> s.v. <i>karbaraḥ</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Beekes, R. S. P.</a>, <i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i> (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 1:678.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> on <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i>Aeneid</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D6%3Acommline%3D395">6.395</a>; Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA190">p. 190</a>; compare with <a href="/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius">Fulgentius</a>, <i>Mythologies</i> 1.6 (Whitbread, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73mJIuYfmzEC&pg=PA51">pp. 51–52</a>); <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vatican Mythographer">First Vatican Mythographer</a>, 1.57 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA73">pp. 73–74; Pepin, p. 36</a>); <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Vatican Mythographer">Second Vatican Mythographer</a>, 13 (Pepin, 106), 173 (Pepin, p. 171); <a href="/wiki/Third_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Vatican Mythographer">Third Vatican Mythographer</a>, 13.4 (Pepin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sE7WnkLLt2gC&pg=PA324">p. 324</a>). According to Ogden, 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA74">p. 74</a>, "<i>creoboros</i> is a genuine Greek word and does indeed mean 'flesh-devouring', but it has no part to play in the genuine etymology of Cerberus's name, which remains obscure".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Room, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D304">300–314</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acusilaus" title="Acusilaus">Acusilaus</a>, fragment 6 (Freeman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA15">p. 15</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html">Preface</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html">151</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105043622/http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html">Archived</a> 5 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i> (or <i>Fall of Troy</i>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/272/mode/2up">6.260–268 (pp. 272–275)</a> all have Cerberus as the offspring of Typhon and Echidna, while <a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a>, Ode <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0064%3Abook%3DEp%3Apoem%3D5">5.56–62</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Trachis" title="Women of Trachis">Women of Trachis</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0196%3Acard%3D1076">1097–1099</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, fragment 515 Pfeiffer (Trypanis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/callimachus-fragments_uncertain_location/1973/pb_LCL421.259.xml?result=2&rskey=li3r52">pp. 258–259</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=4:card=481&highlight=Echidna">4.500–501</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=7:card=404&highlight=Cerberian">7.406–409</a> all have Cerberus as the offspring of Echidna without naming a father.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D306">309–324</a> (although it is not certain whom Hesiod meant as the mother of the Chimera: Echidna, the Hydra, or Ceto); <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.5.10">2.5.10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.3.1">2.3.1</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html#Preface">Preface</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 105, with n. 182; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+311">311–312</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, fragment F249a/b SM, from a lost Pindar poem on Heracles in the underworld, according to a scholia on the <i>Iliad</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, pp. 105–106, with n. 183; <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Trachis" title="Women of Trachis">Women of Trachis</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a> ("three-bodied"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0196%3Acard%3D1076">1097–1099</a>; <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+610">610–611</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+1276">1276–1278</a>; <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+6.417">6.417–421</a> ("triple-throated", "three fierce mouths"), <i><a href="/wiki/Georgics" title="Georgics">Georgics</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=46DDD4DE402FC078B3A0CA9C8025544E?doc=Verg.+G.+4.483">4.483</a> ("triple jaws"); <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D416">4.449–451</a> ("three-visaged mouths", "triple-barking"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+9.184">9.185</a> ("triple form"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D1">10.21–22</a> ("three necks"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D1">10.65–66</a> ("triple necks"), <i><a href="/wiki/Heroides" title="Heroides">Heroides</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-heroides/1914/pb_LCL041.115.xml?result=7&rskey=khGLLX">9.93–94 (pp. 114–115)</a> ("three-fold"); <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Agamemnon</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-agamemnon/2004/pb_LCL078.199.xml">859–862 (pp. 198–199)</a> ("triple chains"), <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.53.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">60–62 (pp. 52–53)</a> ("triple necks"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.111.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">782–784 (pp. 110–111)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Silvae" title="Silvae">Silvae</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/statiusstat01statuoft#page/90/mode/2up">2.1.183–184 (I pp. 90–91)</a> ("triple jaws"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/statiusstat01statuoft#page/168/mode/2up">3.3.27 (I pp. 168–169)</a> ("threefold"), <i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Latin_poem)" title="Thebaid (Latin poem)">Thebaid</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/statiusstat01statuoft#page/396/mode/2up">2.31 (I pp. 396–397)</a>, ("threefold"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/statiusstat01statuoft#page/398/mode/2up">2.53 (I pp. 398–399)</a> ("tri-formed"); <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, <i>Elegies</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/propertius-elegies/1990/pb_LCL018.235.xml?result=2&rskey=Iew01V">3.5.44 (pp. 234–237)</a> ("three throats"), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/propertius-elegies/1990/pb_LCL018.285.xml?result=2&rskey=Iew01V">3.18.23 (pp. 284–285)</a> ("three heads") <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a> ("three heads of dogs").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">West, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCaYMyW1YQQC&pg=PA108">p. 108</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 107; <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <i>Odes</i> 3.11.17–20 (West, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCaYMyW1YQQC&pg=PA101">pp. 101–103</a>) ("a hundred snakes … triple-tongued"), <i>Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0025%3Abook%3D2%3Apoem%3D13">2.13.33–36</a> ("hundred-headed"), <i>Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0025:book=2:poem=19">2.19.29–32</a> ("triple tongue").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.389–392 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>); Frazer's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">note 1</a> to Apollodorus, 2.5.12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2554%22">Herakles 2554</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710022236/https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2554%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Smallwood, pp. 87, 98); Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA130">pp. 130–131</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA131">fig. 152</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/2A5DF5DB-2CFF-4DD3-947A-0F9A51382F1A">200011</a>; Perseus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Louvre+F+204&object=vase">Louvre F 204 (Vase)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, p. 87; Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 106. According to Gantz, "Presumably the frequent variant of two heads arose from logistical problems in draftmanship," and Ogden wonders if "such images salute or establish a tradition of a two-headed Cerberus, or are we to imagine a third head concealed behind the two that can be seen?" For one-headed Cerberus, see <i>LIMC</i> Herakles 2553, 2570, 2576, 2591, 2621.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2553%22">Herakles 2553</a> (Smallwood, pp. 87, 97–98); Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 106, with n. 184. A relief <i>pithos</i> fragment (c. 590–570 BC) <i>LIMC</i> Herakles 2621 (Smallwood, p. 92), seems to show a single lion-headed Cerberus, with snake (open-mouthed) over his back.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2605%22">Herakles 2605</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021129/https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2605%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Smallwood, p. 91); Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA129">p. 129</a>; Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 106, with n. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA63">p. 63</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>, fr. *27 a Fowler (Fowler 2000, p. 136) (<i>apud</i> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.4">3.25.4–5</a>), (cf. <i>FGrH</i> 1 F27); Ogden 2013a, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0168%3Abook%3D9%3Asection%3D588c">588c</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorian</a>, fragment 71 Lightfoot (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.301.xml">pp. 300–303</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>); Ogden 2013a, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorion</a>, fragment 41a Lightfoot, (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.273.xml">pp. 272–275</a> = <a href="/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heraclea" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodorus of Heraclea">Herodorus</a> fragment 31 Fowler).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+6.417">6.419</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D481">4.500–501</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D1">10.22–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heroides" title="Heroides">Heroides</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-heroides/1914/pb_LCL041.115.xml?result=7&rskey=khGLLX">9.93–94 (pp. 114–115)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.113.xml">785–812 (pp. 112–113)</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Lucan" title="Lucan">Lucan</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pharsalia" title="Pharsalia">Pharsalia</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0134%3Abook%3D6%3Acard%3D624">6.664–665</a>, which has Cerberus' heads "bristling" with snakes; and <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a> whose Cerberus is snake-tailed and has "on his back the heads of all sorts of snakes".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+6.417">6.422</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D304">311</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.113.xml">788–791 (pp. 112–113)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2599ad%22">Herakles 2599ad</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/98FDAA7B-C130-4953-9FA3-AA36BACE3278">302005</a>. Reproduced from Baumeister's <i>Denkmäler des klassichen Alterthums,</i> volume I., figure 730 (text on p. 663).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For discussions of Heracles' capture of Cerberus, see Gantz, pp. 413–416; Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=268">pp. 268–269</a>; Ogden 2013a, pp. 104–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+8.367">8.367–368</a>; compare with <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=942966DAA722FA1A71797BE2B6F2624E?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D601">11.620–626</a>. Heracles is also given the task by Eurystheus in <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>, fr. *27 a Fowler (Fowler 2000, p. 136) (<i>apud</i> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.4">3.25.4–5</a>), (cf. <i>FGrH</i> 1 F27), <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+1276">1276–1278</a>, <i>Pirithous</i> <i><a href="/wiki/TrGF" class="mw-redirect" title="TrGF">TrGF</a></i> 43 F1 lines 10–14 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>; Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.647.xml">pp. 646–647</a>); <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorian</a>, fragment 71 Lightfoot (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.301.xml">pp. 300–303</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>); <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#25">4.25.1</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html#32">32</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>. So also in <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorian</a>, fragment 71 Lightfoot 13 (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.301.xml">pp. 300–303</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>), and <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.388–410 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>). <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a>, calls this labor the last. However according to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#25">4.25.2</a> this labor was the eleventh and next to last, the twelfth being stealing the <a href="/wiki/Apples_of_the_Hesperides" title="Apples of the Hesperides">Apples of the Hesperides</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pirthous</i> <i><a href="/wiki/TrGF" class="mw-redirect" title="TrGF">TrGF</a></i> 43 F1 lines 10–14 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA70">p. 70</a>; Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.647.xml">pp. 646–647</a>); Ogden 2013a, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+612">612–613</a>; Papadopoulou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3A-MUBefHYC&pg=PA163">p. 163</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#25">4.25.1–2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>; so also, <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.394 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>). Apollodorus adds that, since it was unlawful for foreigners to be initiated, Heracles was adopted by Pylius, and that before Heracles could be initiated, he first had to be "cleansed of the slaughter of the centaurs"; see also Frazer's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">note 2</a> to Apollodorus, 2.5.12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=942966DAA722FA1A71797BE2B6F2624E?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D601">11.620–626</a>; compare with <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.18.3">8.18.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.1</a> also has Hermes aiding Heracles in the underworld.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, p. 110; Fowler 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA305">p. 305</a> with n. 159. An entrance at Tainaron is mentioned as early as <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, <i>Pythian</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D4">4.44</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>, fr. *27 a Fowler (Fowler 2000, p. 136) (<i>apud</i> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.4">3.25.4–5</a>), (cf. <i>FGrH</i> 1 F27); <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a>; <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.103.xml">662–696 (pp. 102–105)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.1</a>, so also, <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.395 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Xenophon_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenophon of Athens">Xenophon of Athens</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)">Anabasis</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Xen.+Anab.+6.2.2">6.2.2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, pp. 291–295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.1.24">E.1.24</a>; compare with <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.396–410, 4.31.911–916 (Greek: Kiessling, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">55–56</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA153">153</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">48</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n138/mode/1up">138</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+3519%22">Herakles 3519</a>; Gantz, p. 292; Schelfold 1966, pp. 68–69 fig. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+1169">1169–1170.</a>, :<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+1221">1221–1222</a>; Gantz, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, P. 293; Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.637.xml">p. 637</a>; <i>Pirithous</i> <i><a href="/wiki/TrGF" class="mw-redirect" title="TrGF">TrGF</a></i> 43 F1 Hypothesis (Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.640.xml">pp. 640–641</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philochorus" title="Philochorus">Philochorus</a>, <i>FGrH</i> 328 F18a, b, c; Harding, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KH4T9CBXwEEC&pg=PA67">pp. 67–70</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ir5FhAQbcfAC&pg=PA73">p. 73</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 109 (Philochorus F18a = <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Theseus</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0067%3Achapter%3D35%3Asection%3D1">35.1</a>, compare with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0067%3Achapter%3D31%3Asection%3D1">31.1–4</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#26">4.26.1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4D*.html#63">4.63.4</a>; Gantz, pp. 294–295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae2.html#79">79</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/912A6BEC-EC0B-47D2-8C0F-6923CB008329">10772</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, pp. 110–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.1</a>; compare with <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.400–401 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>) which says that Heracles mastered Cerberus "Covered only by his lion skin and breast piece / Apart from the rest of his weapons, just as Pluton [i.e. Hades] said".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+5.395">5.395–397</a>; Kirk, p. 102; Ogden 2013a, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA110">110</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA111">111</a>; Gantz, pp. 70, 414, 416. <a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/panyassis-heraclea/2003/pb_LCL497.213.xml">F26 West (West, M. L., (pp. 212–213)</a> has "Elean Hades" being shot by Heracles. Compare with Seneca, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.53.xml">48–51 (pp. 52–53)</a>, where Heracles brings back "spoils of triumph over that conquered king … subdued Dis".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schol. <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> 5.395–397 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA66">p. 66</a>); Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA112">p. 112</a>; Gantz, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, pp. 96–97; Ogden 2013a, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+610">610–613</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>. This question is echoed in Seneca, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.111.xml">760–761 (pp. 110–111)</a>, where Amphitryon asks "Is it spoil [Heracles] brings, or a willing gift from his uncle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pirithous</i> <i><a href="/wiki/TrGF" class="mw-redirect" title="TrGF">TrGF</a></i> 43 F1 Hypothesis (Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.640.xml">pp. 640–641</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#26">4.26.1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Frogs" title="The Frogs">Frogs</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0032%3Acard%3D460">465–469</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA65">pp. 65–66</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.113.xml">797–812 (pp. 112–113)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D7%3Acard%3D404">7.409–413</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, pp. 107–108, 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+8.5.1">8.5.1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.103.xml">663 (pp. 102–105)</a> (entrance), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.111.xml">813 (pp. 112–113)</a> (exit). Seneca's account may reflect a much older tradition rationalized by <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>, fr. *27 a Fowler (Fowler 2000, p. 136) (<i>apud</i> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.4">3.25.4–5</a>), (cf. <i>FGrH</i> 1 F27), see Ogden 2013a, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.404 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>) also has Cerberus brought up at Troezen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.31.2">2.31.2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, pp. 107–108, 112; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ir5FhAQbcfAC&pg=PA68">pp. 68–69</a>; Fowler 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA305">pp. 305 ff.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heraclea" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodorus of Heraclea">Herodorus</a> fragment 31 Fowler (= Euphorion fragment 41a Lightfoot); <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorion</a>, fragment 41 Lightfoot (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.273.xml">pp. 272–275</a>); <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/14B*.html#31">14.31.3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D7%3Acard%3D404">7.406–419</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a>, 1.92; <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=27:chapter=2">27.4</a>; Schol. <a href="/wiki/Nicander" title="Nicander">Nicander</a> <i>alexipharmaca</i> 13b; <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Periegetes" title="Dionysius Periegetes">Dionysius Periegetes</a>, 788–792; <a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius</a>, <i>Commentary on Dionysius Periegetes</i> 788–792; <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Mythographers" title="Vatican Mythographers">First Vatican Mythographer</a>, 1.57 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA73">pp. 73–74</a>; Pepin, p. 36). For aconite in the vicinity of Heraclea, see also <a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Theophrastus)" title="Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus)">Historia Plantarum</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/enquiryintoplant02theouoft#page/298/mode/2up">9.16.4 pp. 298–299</a>; <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.3.7">12.3.7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=6:chapter=1">6.4</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arrian" title="Arrian">Arrian</a>, <i>FGrH</i> 156 F76a <i>apud</i> <a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius of Thessalonica</a>, <i>Commentary on Dionysius Periegetes</i> 788–792.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schol. <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> 2.353 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ir5FhAQbcfAC&pg=PA68">p. 68</a>); compare with <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorion</a>, fragment 41a Lightfoot, (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.273.xml">pp. 272–275</a> = <a href="/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heraclea" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodorus of Heraclea">Herodorus</a> fragment 31 Fowler).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D7%3Acard%3D404">7.413–419</a>, which has Cerberus brought up from the underworld through a cave on "the shores of Scythia, where, 'tis fabled, the [aconite] plant grew on soil infected by Cerberian teeth."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.113.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">797–821 (pp. 112–115)</a>; see also <i>Agamemnon</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-agamemnon/2004/pb_LCL078.199.xml">859–862 (pp. 198–199)</a>, which has Cerberus "fearing the colour of the unknown light."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.35.10">2.35.10</a>; <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+610">615</a> (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.34.5">9.34.5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, pp. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, p. 113; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–71</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorian</a>, fragment 71 Lightfoot 14–15 (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.301.xml">pp. 300–303</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#26">4.26.1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.53.xml">46–62 (pp. 52–53)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.115.xml">827–829 (pp. 114–115)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius of Alexandria</a> s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hesychiialexand00schmgoog#page/n276/mode/1up"><i>eleutheron hydor</i></a> (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–71</a>); Ogden 2013a, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a discussion of sources see Ogden 2013a, pp. 104–114; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA63">pp. 63–74</a>; Gantz, pp. 22–23, 413–416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+8.367">8.367–368</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=4783EB5441EA542B28D282C1BC90C00B?doc=Hom.+Od.+11.620">11.620–626</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+5.395">5.395–397</a>; Kirk, p. 102; Ogden 2013a, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA110">110</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA111">111</a>; Gantz, pp. 70, 414, 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+300">300–312</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+767">767–774</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA65">pp. 65</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowra, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xiysUGc2EdoC&pg=PA94">p. 94</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 105 n. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 106, with n. 184; <i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2553%22">Herakles 2553</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowra, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xiysUGc2EdoC&pg=PA120">p. 120</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 106, with n. 185; <i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2605%22">Herakles 2605</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021129/https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2605%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA129">p. 129</a>; Pipili, fig. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pindar fragment F249a/b SM, from a lost Pindar poem on Heracles in the underworld, according to a scholia on the <i>Iliad</i>, Gantz p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 105, with n. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a>, Ode <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0064%3Abook%3DEp%3Apoem%3D5">5.56–62</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Trachis" title="Women of Trachis">Women of Trachis</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0196%3Acard%3D1076">1097–1099</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0190%3Acard%3D1568">1568–1578</a>; Markantonatos, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=faciAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA129">pp. 129–130</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+1276">1276–1278</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+612">612–613</a>; Papadopoulou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3A-MUBefHYC&pg=PA163">p. 163</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Her.+22">22–25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pirithous</i> <i><a href="/wiki/TrGF" class="mw-redirect" title="TrGF">TrGF</a></i> 43 F1 Hypothesis (Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.641.xml">pp. 640–641</a>). For the question of authorship see Gantz, p. 293; Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.629.xml">pp. 629–635</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.637.xml">p. 636</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0168%3Abook%3D9%3Asection%3D588c">588c</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Euphorian, fragment 71 Lightfoot (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.301.xml">pp. 300–303</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">pp. 69–70</a>); Ogden 2013a, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schol. <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> 2.353 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ir5FhAQbcfAC&pg=PA68">p. 68</a>); compare with <a href="/wiki/Euphorion_of_Chalcis" title="Euphorion of Chalcis">Euphorion</a>, fragment 41a Lightfoot (Lightfoot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.273.xml">pp. 272–275</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#25">4.25.1, 26.1–2</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA66">p. 66</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+6.417">6.417–425</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA71">p. 71</a>; Ogden 2013a, p, 109; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA69">p. 69</a>. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/apuleius-metamorphoses/1989/pb_LCL044.285.xml">6.19 (pp. 284–285)</a>, where following Virgil, exiting (as well as entering) the underworld is accomplished by giving Cerberus a mead-soaked barley cake.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+8.296">8.296–297</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Georgics" title="Georgics">Georgics</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=46DDD4DE402FC078B3A0CA9C8025544E?doc=Verg.+G.+4.483">4.483</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <i>Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0024%3Abook%3D3%3Apoem%3D11">3.11.13–20</a>; West, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCaYMyW1YQQC&pg=PA101">pp. 101–103</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 108. Compare with <i>Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0025%3Abook%3D2%3Apoem%3D13">2.13.33–36</a> ("hundred-headed", referring perhaps to the one hundred snakes), <i>Odes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0025:book=2:poem=19">2.19.29–32</a> ("triple tongue").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D481">4.500–501</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D7%3Acard%3D404">7.406 ff.</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.111.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">782–821 (pp. 110–115)</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA66">pp. 66–68</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.111.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">782–791 (pp. 110–113)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.113.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">797–821 (pp. 112–115)</a>; see also <i>Agamemnon</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-agamemnon/2004/pb_LCL078.199.xml">859–862 (pp. 198–199)</a>, which has Cerberus "fearing the colour of the unknown light."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Hercules Furens</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.53.xml?result=16&rskey=CRLRlQ">46–62 (pp. 52–53)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+2.5.12">2.5.12</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA64">pp. 64–65</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Nonnus" title="Pseudo-Nonnus">Pseudo-Nonnus</a>, 4.51 (Nimmo Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzZnMCP4JRIC&pg=PA37">p. 37</a>); Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA114">p. 114</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a></i> (<i>LIMC</i>), Herakles 1697–1761 (Boardman, pp. 5–16), 2553–2675 (Smallwood, pp. 85–100); Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA129">pp. 129–132</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2553%22">Herakles 2553</a> (Smallwood, pp. 87, 97–98); Schefold 1966, p. 68 fig. 23; Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA129">p. 129</a>; Ogden 2013a, pp. 106, 111; Gantz, pp. 22, 413–414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2621%22">Herakles 2621</a> (Smallwood, pp. 92, 97); Ogden 2013a, p. 108. Cerberus is perhaps being led by Heracles, but only the left arm is preserved. According to Smallwood, the identification as Heracles and Cerberus is "suggested by Dunbabin, taken as certain by Schäfer" (p. 92), and "too little of the fragment is preserved for a secure identification".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2605%22">Herakles 2605</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021129/https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2605%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Smallwood, p. 91); Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA129">pp. 129–130</a>; Pipili, p. 5, fig. 8; Gantz, p. 22; Ogden 2013a, p. 106, 111 with n. 185, p. 111 with n. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schefold 1992, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA129">p. 129</a>; Smallwood, p. 87. Exceptions include: <i>LIMC</i> Heracles 2570, 2576 (one head).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, pp. 87, 93. Exceptions include: <i>LIMC</i> Herakles 2553, 2591, 2621 (one head), 2579 (two heads).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> Herakles 2640, 2642, 2656, 2666, Smallwood, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2604%22">Herakles 2604</a> (Smallwood, p. 91); Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/5058D8A6-1245-4283-B7F5-51A4D3734BD5">301639</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, p. 87; Ogden 2013b <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA63">p. 63</a>. Examples include: <i>LIMC</i> Herakles 2553–4, 2560, 2571, 2579, 2581, 2586, 2588, 2595, 2600, 2603–6, 2610–11, 2616, 2621, 2628).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2604%22">Herakles 2604</a> (Smallwood, p. 91); Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/5058D8A6-1245-4283-B7F5-51A4D3734BD5">301639</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2554%22">Herakles 2554</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710022236/https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2554%22">Archived</a> 10 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Smallwood, pp. 87, 98); Schefold 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA130">pp. 130–131</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA131">fig. 152</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/2A5DF5DB-2CFF-4DD3-947A-0F9A51382F1A">200011</a>; Perseus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Louvre+F+204&object=vase">Louvre F 204 (Vase)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, pp. 8, 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2610%22">Herakles 2610</a> (Smallwood, p. 91); Buitron, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0044:entry=23">Worcester MA 1935.59</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/A9338627-1A1F-4AE8-B950-E4044C0DFD4E">351415</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2628%22">Herakles 2628</a> (Smallwood, p. 93).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LIMC</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Herakles+2618%22">Herakles 2618</a> (Smallwood, p. 92).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smallwood, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stern, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4EfiGQwgh4C&pg=PA7">p. 7</a>; Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA183">p. 183</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA184">pp. 184–185</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>, fr. *27 a Fowler (Fowler 2000, p. 136) (<i>apud</i> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.4">3.25.4–5</a>), (cf. <i>FGrH</i> 1 F27); Hawes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyuTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8">p. 8</a>; Hopman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hb4hAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA182">p. 182</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 107; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA72">pp. 72–73</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.6">3.25.6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palaephatus, <i>On Unbelievable Tales</i> 39 (Stern, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4EfiGQwgh4C&pg=PA71">pp. 71–72</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA187">p. 187</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philochorus" title="Philochorus">Philochorus</a>, <i>FGrH</i> 328 F18a (= <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Theseus</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0067%3Achapter%3D35%3Asection%3D1">35.1</a>), F18b, F18c; Harding, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KH4T9CBXwEEC&pg=PA68">pp. 68–70</a>; Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ir5FhAQbcfAC&pg=PA73">p. 73</a>; Ogden 2013a, p. 109; Gantz, p. 295; Collard and Cropp, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.637.xml">p. 637</a>. Compare with Plutarch, <i>Theseus</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0067%3Achapter%3D31%3Asection%3D1">31.1–4</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i> 2.36.388–411 (Greek: Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA55">pp. 55–56</a>; English translation: Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n48/mode/1up">p. 48</a>), 4.31.911–916 (Kiessling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA153">p. 153</a>; Berkowitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n138/mode/1up">p. 138</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA73">p. 73</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> on <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i>Aeneid</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D6%3Acommline%3D395">6.395</a>; Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA190">p. 190</a>. For others who followed Servius in interpreting Cerberus as symbolizing the corruption of flesh, in both the literal and moral senses, see Brumble, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6KygKVV5l7YC&pg=PA68">pp. 68–69</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius">Fulgentius</a>, <i>Mythologies</i> 1.6 (Whitbread, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73mJIuYfmzEC&pg=PA51">pp. 51–52</a>); Ogden 2013a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA190">p. 190</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Praeparatio_evangelica" title="Praeparatio evangelica">Preparation of the Gospels</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/230#3.11.16">3.11.16</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vatican Mythographer">First Vatican Mythographer</a>, 1.57 (Ogden 2013b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA73">pp. 73–74</a>; Pepin, p. 36); <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Vatican Mythographer">Second Vatican Mythographer</a>, 173 (Pepin, p. 171); <a href="/wiki/Third_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Vatican Mythographer">Third Vatican Mythographer</a>, 13.4 (Pepin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sE7WnkLLt2gC&pg=PA324">p. 324</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Vatican Mythographer">Second Vatican Mythographer</a>, 13 (Pepin, p. 106).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Third_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Vatican Mythographer">Third Vatican Mythographer</a> 6.22 (Pepin, p. 171).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Vatican Mythographer">Second Vatican Mythographer</a>, 13 (Pepin, p. 106); <a href="/wiki/Third_Vatican_Mythographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Vatican Mythographer">Third Vatican Mythographer</a> 6.22 (Pepin, p. 171). For others who associated Cerberus' three heads with the three continents see Brumble, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6KygKVV5l7YC&pg=PA69">p. 69</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+6.421">6.421</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson-Okamura, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5PaUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169">p. 169</a>; Brumble, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6KygKVV5l7YC&pg=PA69">p. 69</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <i>Inferno</i> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy/Inferno/Canto_VI">6.13–18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <i>Inferno</i> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy/Inferno/Canto_VI">6.25–27</a>; Lansing, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CY-sAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA154">p. 154</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cerberus.htm">"Ian Ridpath's 'Star Tales'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Ianridpath.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ian+Ridpath%27s+%27Star+Tales%27&rft.pub=Ianridpath.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianridpath.com%2Fstartales%2Fcerberus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. ("Cerberus", p. 50).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/security/kerberos/">"Kerberos authentication"</a>. <i>IONOS Digitalguide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IONOS+Digitalguide&rft.atitle=Kerberos+authentication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ionos.com%2Fdigitalguide%2Fserver%2Fsecurity%2Fkerberos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66183069">"Cerberus heatwave: Hot weather sweeps across southern Europe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cerberus+heatwave%3A+Hot+weather+sweeps+across+southern+Europe&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-66183069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <i>Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=C431BA809CA4DEA22A15DA9C666F3400?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0022%3atext%3dLibrary">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass)</a></i>, Volume I: Books 1–6. Edited and translated by J. Arthur Hanson. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 44. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL044/1996/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Frogs" title="The Frogs"><i>Frogs</i></a>, Matthew Dillon, Ed., Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aristoph.+Frogs">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a>, <i>Odes</i>, translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0064%3Abook%3DEp%3Apoem%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Bloomfield, Maurice, <i>Cerberus, the Dog of Hades: The History of an Idea</i>, Open Court publishing Company, 1905. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cerberusdoghade01bloogoog">Online version at Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Bowra, C. M., <i>Greek Lyric Poetry: From Alcman to Simonides</i>, Clarendon Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814329-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814329-1">978-0-19-814329-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <i>Diodorus Siculus: The Library of History</i>. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Twelve volumes. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>. <i>Fragments: Oedipus-Chrysippus. Other Fragments</i>. Edited and translated by Christopher Collard, Martin Cropp. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 506. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Herakles_(Euripides)" title="Herakles (Euripides)">Heracles</a></i>, translated by E. P. Coleridge in <i>The Complete Greek Drama</i>, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill Jr. Volume 1. New York. Random House. 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0102%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Fowler, R. L. (2000), <i>Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814740-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814740-4">978-0-19-814740-4</a>.</li> <li>Fowler, R. L. (2013), <i>Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary</i>, Oxford University Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814741-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814741-1">978-0-19-814741-1</a>.</li> <li>Freeman, Kathleen, <i>Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: A Complete Translation of the Fragments in Diels, Fragmente Der Vorsokratiker</i>, Harvard University Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03501-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03501-0">978-0-674-03501-0</a>.</li> <li>Gantz, Timothy, <i>Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9">978-0-8018-5360-9</a> (Vol. 1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3">978-0-8018-5362-3</a> (Vol. 2).</li> <li>Hard, Robin, <i>The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"</i>, Psychology Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415186360" title="Special:BookSources/9780415186360">9780415186360</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC">Google Books</a>.</li> <li>Harding, Phillip, <i>The Story of Athens: The Fragments of the Local Chronicles of Attika</i>, Routledge, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-30447-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-30447-9">978-1-134-30447-9</a>.</li> <li>Hawes, Greta, <i>Rationalizing Myth in Antiquity</i>, OUP Oxford, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191653407" title="Special:BookSources/9780191653407">9780191653407</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i>, in <i>The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i>The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>; <i>The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Hopman, Marianne Govers, <i>Scylla: Myth, Metaphor, Paradox</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-85185-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-85185-5">978-1-139-85185-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <i>The Odes and Carmen Saeculare of Horace</i>. John Conington. trans. London. George Bell and Sons. 1882. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0025%3Abook%3D1%3Apoem%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html"><i>The Myths of Hyginus</i></a>. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.</li> <li>Kirk, G. S. 1990 <i>The Iliad: A Commentary: Volume 2, Books 5–8</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521281720" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521281720">978-0521281720</a>.</li> <li>Lansing, Richard (editor), <i>The Dante Encyclopedia</i>, Routledge, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136849725" title="Special:BookSources/9781136849725">9781136849725</a>.</li> <li>Lightfoot, J. L. <i>Hellenistic Collection: Philitas. Alexander of Aetolia. Hermesianax. Euphorion. Parthenius</i>. Edited and translated by J. L. Lightfoot. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 508. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99636-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99636-6">978-0-674-99636-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL508/2010/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLincoln1991" class="citation book cs1">Lincoln, Bruce (1991). <i>Death, War, and Sacrifice: Studies in Ideology and Practice</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-48199-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-48199-9"><bdi>978-0-226-48199-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death%2C+War%2C+and+Sacrifice%3A+Studies+in+Ideology+and+Practice&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-226-48199-9&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucan" title="Lucan">Lucan</a>, <i>Pharsalia</i>, Sir Edward Ridley. London. Longmans, Green, and Co. 1905. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Markantonatos, Andreas, <i>Tragic Narrative: A Narratological Study of Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus</i>, Walter de Gruyter, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-089588-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-089588-9">978-3-11-089588-9</a>.</li> <li>Nimmo Smith, Jennifer, <i>A Christian's Guide to Greek Culture: The Pseudo-nonnus Commentaries on Sermons 4, 5, 39 and 43</i>. Liverpool University Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780853239178" title="Special:BookSources/9780853239178">9780853239178</a>.</li> <li>Ogden, Daniel (2013a), <i>Drakōn: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds</i>, Oxford University Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955732-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955732-5">978-0-19-955732-5</a>.</li> <li>Ogden, Daniel (2013b), <i>Dragons, Serpents, and Slayers in the Classical and early Christian Worlds: A sourcebook</i>, Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992509-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992509-4">978-0-19-992509-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. <i>Heroides. Amores</i>. Translated by Grant Showerman. Revised by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> 41. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99045-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99045-6">978-0-674-99045-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL041/1914/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, Brookes More. Boston. Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Papadopoulou, Thalia, <i>Heracles and Euripidean Tragedy</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44667-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44667-9">978-1-139-44667-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Pepin, Ronald E., <i>The Vatican Mythographers</i>, Fordham University Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823228928" title="Special:BookSources/9780823228928">9780823228928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, <i>Odes</i>, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DO.%3Apoem%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Pipili, Maria, <i>Laconian Iconography of the Sixth Century B.C.</i>, Oxford University, 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <i>Republic Books 6–10</i>, Translated by Paul Shorey, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0168%3Abook%3D1%3Asection%3D327a">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>. <i>Lives, Volume I: Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola</i>. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 46. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1914. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99052-4">978-0-674-99052-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2008.01.0067"><i>Theseus</i> at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a> <i>Elegies</i> Edited and translated by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> 18. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL018/1990/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <i>Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy</i>, Translator: A.S. Way; Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Room, Adrian, <i>Who's Who in Classical Mythology</i>, Gramercy Books, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-22256-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-22256-6">0-517-22256-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schefold" title="Karl Schefold">Schefold, Karl</a> (1966), <i>Myth and Legend in Early Greek Art</i>, London, Thames and Hudson.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schefold" title="Karl Schefold">Schefold, Karl</a> (1992), <i>Gods and Heroes in Late Archaic Greek Art</i>, assisted by Luca Giuliani, Cambridge University Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32718-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32718-3">978-0-521-32718-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Tragedies, Volume I: Hercules. Trojan Women. Phoenician Women. Medea. Phaedra</i>. Edited and translated by John G. Fitch. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 62. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99602-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99602-1">978-0-674-99602-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL062/2002/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <i>Tragedies, Volume II: Oedipus. Agamemnon. Thyestes. Hercules on Oeta. Octavia</i>. Edited and translated by John G. Fitch. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 78. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99610-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99610-6">978-0-674-99610-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL078/2004/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Smallwood, Valerie, "M. Herakles and Kerberos (Labour XI)" in <i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC)</i> V.1 Artemis Verlag, Zürich and Munich, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1">3-7608-8751-1</a>. pp. 85–100.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Trachis" title="Women of Trachis">Women of Trachis</a></i>, Translated by Robert Torrance. Houghton Mifflin. 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0222%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>, <i>Statius with an English Translation by J. H. Mozley</i>, Volume I, <i>Silvae</i>, <i>Thebaid</i>, Books I–IV, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 206, London: William Heinemann, Ltd., New York: G. P. Putnamm's Sons, 1928. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99226-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99226-9">978-0-674-99226-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/statiusstat01statuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>, <i>Statius with an English Translation by J. H. Mozley</i>, Volume II, <i>Thebaid</i>, Books V–XII, <i>Achilleid</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 207, London: William Heinemann, Ltd., New York: G. P. Putnamm's Sons, 1928. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99228-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99228-3">978-0-674-99228-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/statiuswithengli02statuoft#page/n9/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Stern, Jacob, <i>Palaephatus Πεπὶ Ὰπίστων, On Unbelievable Tales</i>, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865163201" title="Special:BookSources/9780865163201">9780865163201</a>.</li> <li>Trypanis, C. A., Gelzer, Thomas; Whitman, Cedric, <i>CALLIMACHUS, MUSAEUS, Aetia, Iambi, Hecale and Other Fragments. Hero and Leander</i>, Harvard University Press, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99463-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99463-8">978-0-674-99463-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chiliades" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiliades">Chiliades</a></i>, editor Gottlieb Kiessling, F.C.G. Vogel, 1826. (English translation, Books II–IV, by Gary Berkowitz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TzetzesCHILIADES/Chiliades#page/n0/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <i>Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Vergil</i>. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+G.+1.1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li>West, David, <i>Horace, Odes 3</i>, Oxford University Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-872165-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-872165-9">978-0-19-872165-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (2003), <i>Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC</i>. Edited and translated by Martin L. West. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 497. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL497/2003/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Whitbread, Leslie George, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73mJIuYfmzEC"><i>Fulgentius the Mythographer</i></a>. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1971.</li> <li>Woodford, Susan, Spier, Jeffrey, "Kerberos", in <i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC)</i> VI.1 Artemis Verlag, Zürich and Munich, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1">3-7608-8751-1</a>. pp. 24–32.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)">Anabasis</a></i> in <i>Xenophon in Seven Volumes</i>, 3. Carleton L. Brownson. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; William Heinemann, Ltd., London. 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Xen.+Anab.+1.1.1&redirect=true">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cerberus_(mythology)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cerberus (mythology)">Cerberus (mythology)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cerberus" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Cerberus"><i>Cerberus</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Κέρβερος"><i>Κέρβερος</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cerberus" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cerberus">Cerberus</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cerberus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACerberus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Twelve_Labours_of_Heracles58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labours_of_Heracles" title="Template:Labours of Heracles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labours_of_Heracles" title="Template talk:Labours of Heracles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labours_of_Heracles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labours of Heracles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Twelve_Labours_of_Heracles58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">Twelve Labours</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_lion" title="Nemean lion">Nemean lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lernaean_Hydra" title="Lernaean Hydra">Lernaean Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceryneian_Hind" title="Ceryneian Hind">Ceryneian Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augeas" title="Augeas">Augean Stables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalian birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Bull" title="Cretan Bull">Cretan Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mares_of_Diomedes" title="Mares of Diomedes">Mares of Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Girdle of Hippolyte</a></li> <li>Far-away monsters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geryon" title="Geryon">Cattle of Geryon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides#The_Eleventh_Labour_of_Heracles" title="Hesperides">Apples of the Hesperides</a>/<a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cerberus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology155" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#cef2e0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Template:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Template talk:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Metamorphoses in Greek mythology">Metamorphoses in Greek mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Avian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abas_(mythology)" title="Abas (mythology)">Abas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthis_(mythology)" title="Acanthis (mythology)">Acanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(son_of_Autonous)" title="Acanthus (son of Autonous)">Acanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acmon" title="Acmon">Acmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABdon" title="Aëdon">Aëdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegolius_(mythology)" title="Aegolius (mythology)">Aegolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegypius_(mythology)" title="Aegypius (mythology)">Aegypius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABtos" title="Aëtos">Aëtos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesacus" title="Aesacus">Aesacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrius_and_Oreius_(mythology)" title="Agrius and Oreius (mythology)">Agrius and Oreius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agron_(mythology)" title="Agron (mythology)">Agron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcander_(mythology)" title="Alcander (mythology)">Alcander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(daughter_of_Sciron)" title="Alcyone (daughter of Sciron)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_and_Ceyx" title="Alcyone and Ceyx">Alcyone and Ceyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyonides" title="Alcyonides">Alcyonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alectryon_(mythology)" title="Alectryon (mythology)">Alectryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthus_(mythology)" title="Anthus (mythology)">Anthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone of Troy">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argus_Panoptes" title="Argus Panoptes">Argus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Sithonis" title="Arne Sithonis">Arne Sithonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemiche" title="Artemiche">Artemiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonous" title="Autonous">Autonous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botres" title="Botres">Botres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulis_(mythology)" title="Bulis (mythology)">Bulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssa_(mythology)" title="Byssa (mythology)">Byssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeus_(Crete)" title="Celeus (Crete)">Celeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Greek_myth)" title="Cerberus (Greek myth)">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelidon_(mythology)" title="Chelidon (mythology)">Chelidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinyras" title="Cinyras">Cinyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinis" title="Clinis">Clinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combe_(mythology)" title="Combe (mythology)">Combe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corone_(crow)" title="Corone (crow)">Corone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesylla" title="Ctesylla">Ctesylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Apollo)" title="Cycnus (son of Apollo)">Cycnus (son of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Ares)" title="Cycnus (son of Ares)">Cycnus (son of Ares)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Poseidon)" title="Cycnus (son of Poseidon)">Cycnus (son of Poseidon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Sthenelus)" title="Cycnus (son of Sthenelus)">Cycnus (son of Sthenelus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalion" title="Daedalion">Daedalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinoma" title="Erinoma">Erinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erodius" title="Erodius">Erodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumelus" title="Eumelus">Eumelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerana" title="Gerana">Gerana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmotho%C3%AB" title="Harmothoë">Harmothoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpalyce_(daughter_of_Clymenus)" title="Harpalyce (daughter of Clymenus)">Harpalyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpasus" title="Harpasus">Harpasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe_(mythology)" title="Harpe (mythology)">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierax_(mythology)" title="Hierax (mythology)">Hierax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodamia_(wife_of_Autonous)" title="Hippodamia (wife of Autonous)">Hippodamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperippe" title="Hyperippe">Hyperippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyria_(mythology)" title="Hyria (mythology)">Hyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictinus_(mythology)" title="Ictinus (mythology)">Ictinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idas_(mythology)" title="Idas (mythology)">Idas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itys" title="Itys">Itys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iynx" title="Iynx">Iynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius_(Crete)" title="Laius (Crete)">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelante" title="Lelante">Lelante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycius_(son_of_Clinis)" title="Lycius (son of Clinis)">Lycius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycus_(mythology)" title="Lycus (mythology)">Lycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaletor" title="Megaletor">Megaletor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleagrids" title="Meleagrids">Meleagrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon">Memnonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropis_(mythology)" title="Meropis (mythology)">Meropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merops_(mythology)" title="Merops (mythology)">Merops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichus" title="Munichus">Munichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophron_(Greek_myth)" title="Neophron (Greek myth)">Neophron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisos" title="Nisos">Nisus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaea" title="Nyctaea">Nyctaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctimene_(mythology)" title="Nyctimene (mythology)">Nyctimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenoe_(mythology)" title="Oenoe (mythology)">Oenoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenotropae" title="Oenotropae">Oenotropae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortygius" title="Ortygius">Ortygius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelia_(mythology)" title="Pelia (mythology)">Pelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdix_(mythology)" title="Perdix (mythology)">Perdix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periphas_(king_of_Attica)" title="Periphas (king of Attica)">Periphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristera_(mythology)" title="Peristera (mythology)">Peristera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picus" title="Picus">Picus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierides_(mythology)" title="Pierides (mythology)">Pierides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phene_(mythology)" title="Phene (mythology)">Phene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philaeus_(mythology)" title="Philaeus (mythology)">Philaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomela" title="Philomela">Philomela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphonte" title="Polyphonte">Polyphonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnus" title="Polytechnus">Polytechnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhexenor" title="Rhexenor">Rhexenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoeneus" title="Schoeneus">Schoeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla_(daughter_of_Nisus)" title="Scylla (daughter of Nisus)">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tereus" title="Tereus">Tereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timandra_(mother_of_Neophron)" title="Timandra (mother of Neophron)">Timandra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Non-avian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abas_(mythology)" title="Abas (mythology)">Abas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne" title="Arachne">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcas" title="Arcas">Arcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge" title="Arge">Arge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus_(Giant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristaeus (Giant)">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalabus" title="Ascalabus">Ascalabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchus" title="Calchus">Calchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerambus" title="Cerambus">Cerambus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelone_(mythology)" title="Chelone (mythology)">Chelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Curetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosura_(nymph)" title="Cynosura (nymph)">Cynosura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galanthis" title="Galanthis">Galanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_(mythology)" title="Gale (mythology)">Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helice_(mythology)" title="Helice (mythology)">Helice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippomenes" title="Hippomenes">Hippomenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncus" title="Lyncus">Lyncus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megisto_(mythology)" title="Megisto (mythology)">Megisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorion_(mythology)" title="Euphorion (mythology)">Melian nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa" title="Melissa">Melissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myia_(mythology)" title="Myia (mythology)">Myia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmex_(Attic_woman)" title="Myrmex (Attic woman)">Myrmex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFs_(mythology)" title="Naïs (mythology)">Naïs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocyrhoe" title="Ocyrhoe">Ocyrhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">Pentheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx_(mythology)" title="Phalanx (mythology)">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_(mythology)" title="Phoenice (mythology)">Phoenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompilus_(mythology)" title="Pompilus (mythology)">Pompilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophane" title="Theophane">Theophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanis_(mythology)" title="Titanis (mythology)">Titanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a></li> <li>Tyrrhenian pirates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethalides_(mythology)" title="Aethalides (mythology)">Aethalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimedon" title="Alcimedon">Alcimedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictys" title="Dictys">Dictys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epopeus" title="Epopeus">Epopeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melas_(mythology)" title="Melas (mythology)">Melas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opheltes_(mythology)" title="Opheltes (mythology)">Opheltes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pygmalion_(Raoux).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pygmalion and Galatea"><img alt="Pygmalion and Galatea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/120px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/250px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1898" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_and_Daphne_(Bernini).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo and Daphne"><img alt="Apollo and Daphne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/90px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/135px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/180px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5048" data-file-height="7800" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Io_changed_into_a_cow,_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Io"><img alt="Io" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/90px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/135px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/180px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="2645" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Base appearance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_(son_of_Zeus)" title="Achilles (son of Zeus)">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone of Troy">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramus_and_Thisbe" title="Pyramus and Thisbe">Mulberry fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaon" title="Phaon">Phaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycius_(son_of_Clinis)" title="Lycius (son of Clinis)">White raven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Humanoids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arne_(daughter_of_Aeolus)" title="Arne (daughter of Aeolus)">Arne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoce_(mythology)" title="Cymodoce (mythology)">Cymodoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcesius" title="Arcesius">Cephalus' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(mythology)" title="Galatea (mythology)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leleges" title="Leleges">Leleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartoi">Spartoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weasel_and_Aphrodite" title="The Weasel and Aphrodite">Weasel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Inanimate objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconteus" title="Aconteus">Aconteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aglaurus,_daughter_of_Cecrops" title="Aglaurus, daughter of Cecrops">Aglaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcmene" title="Alcmene">Alcmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaxarete" title="Anaxarete">Anaxarete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsino%C3%AB_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoë of Cyprus">Arsinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspalis" title="Aspalis">Aspalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battus_(mythology)" title="Battus (mythology)">Battus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydon_(son_of_Ares)" title="Calydon (son of Ares)">Calydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cragaleus" title="Cragaleus">Cragaleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnis" title="Daphnis">Daphnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodame" title="Iodame">Iodame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laelaps_(mythology)" title="Laelaps (mythology)">Laelaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethaea" title="Lethaea">Lethaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyco_and_Orphe" title="Lyco and Orphe">Lyco and Orphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenus" title="Olenus">Olenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Giant)" title="Pallas (Giant)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus_(son_of_Belus)" title="Phineus (son of Belus)">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydectes" title="Polydectes">Polydectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proetus_(son_of_Abas)" title="Proetus (son of Abas)">Proetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoetides" title="Propoetides">Propoetides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_(mythology)" title="Pyrrhus (mythology)">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teumessian_fox" title="Teumessian fox">Teumessian fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Acis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aea_(mythology)" title="Aea (mythology)">Aea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alope" title="Alope">Alope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(Boeotia)" title="Arethusa (Boeotia)">Arethusa (Boeotia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa (Elis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblis" title="Byblis">Byblis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chione_(daughter_of_Callirrhoe)" title="Chione (daughter of Callirrhoe)">Chione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleite" title="Cleite">Cleite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comaetho_(lover_of_Cydnus)" title="Comaetho (lover of Cydnus)">Comaetho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyane" title="Cyane">Cyane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirce" title="Dirce">Dirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemus" title="Haemus">Haemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichas" title="Lichas">Lichas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaeus_(mythology)" title="Lilaeus (mythology)">Lilaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_(daughter_of_Tiresias)" title="Manto (daughter of Tiresias)">Manto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menippe_and_Metioche" title="Menippe and Metioche">Menippe and Metioche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimele" title="Perimele">Perimele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramus_and_Thisbe" title="Pyramus and Thisbe">Pyramus and Thisbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(mythology)" title="Rhodope (mythology)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodopis_and_Euthynicus" title="Rhodopis and Euthynicus">Rhodopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_(mythology)" title="Sybaris (mythology)">Sybaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Opposite sex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphis" title="Iphis">Iphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus_of_Crete" title="Leucippus of Crete">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siproites" title="Siproites">Siproites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sithon_(mythology)" title="Sithon (mythology)">Sithon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaracus" title="Amaracus">Amaracus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosia_(Hyades)" title="Ambrosia (Hyades)">Ambrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampelos" title="Ampelos">Ampelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anethus" title="Anethus">Anethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baucis_and_Philemon" title="Baucis and Philemon">Baucis and Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpos" title="Karpos">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_of_Laconia" title="Carya of Laconia">Carya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cissus_(mythology)" title="Cissus (mythology)">Cissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_(mythology)" title="Crocus (mythology)">Crocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyparissus" title="Cyparissus">Cyparissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopatra_(mythology)" title="Diopatra (mythology)">Diopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryope_(daughter_of_Dryops)" title="Dryope (daughter of Dryops)">Dryope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(mythology)" title="Elaea (mythology)">Elaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elate_(mythology)" title="Elate (mythology)">Elate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles_of_Orchomenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eteocles of Orchomenus">Eteocleides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxippe" title="Dioxippe">Dioxippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampetia" title="Lampetia">Lampetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Greek_myth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merope (Greek myth)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethusa" title="Phaethusa">Phaethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(mythology)" title="Phoebe (mythology)">Phoebe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytheia_(mythology)" title="Erytheia (mythology)">Erytheia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_(mythology)" title="Hyacinth (mythology)">Hyacinthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamos" title="Kalamos">Kalamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothoe_(daughter_of_Orchamus)" title="Leucothoe (daughter of Orchamus)">Leucothoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanus_(mythology)" title="Libanus (mythology)">Libanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotis_(mythology)" title="Lotis (mythology)">Lotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycurgus of Thrace">Lycurgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecon_(mythology)" title="Mecon (mythology)">Mecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melos_of_Delos" class="mw-redirect" title="Melos of Delos">Melos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapian_shepherds" title="Messapian shepherds">Messapians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrice_(mythology)" title="Myrice (mythology)">Myrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrina_(priestess)" title="Myrina (priestess)">Myrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrsine_(mythology)" title="Myrsine (mythology)">Myrsine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oechalides" title="Oechalides">Oechalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(mythology)" title="Phyllis (mythology)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picolous" title="Picolous">Picolous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitys_(mythology)" title="Pitys (mythology)">Pitys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanus_(mythology)" title="Platanus (mythology)">Platanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalacantha" title="Psalacantha">Psalacantha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_(daughter_of_Ictinus)" title="Side (daughter of Ictinus)">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_(mythology)" title="Smilax (mythology)">Smilax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syceus" title="Syceus">Syceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrinx" title="Syrinx">Syrinx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Voluntary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gods">Greek gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobalos" title="Kobalos">Kobalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestra" title="Mestra">Mestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periclymenus" title="Periclymenus">Periclymenus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hylas" title="Hylas">Hylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">False myths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acantha" title="Acantha">Acantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyste" title="Amethyste">Amethyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchis_(mythology)" title="Orchis (mythology)">Orchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodanthe_(mythology)" title="Rhodanthe (mythology)">Rhodanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#cef2e0"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_religion_and_mythology60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_religion" title="Template:Greek religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_religion" title="Template talk:Greek religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_religion_and_mythology60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><div id="Religion_and_religious_practice158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a> and religious practice</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Main beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_Man" title="Ages of Man">Ages of Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age" title="Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Heroic_Age" title="Greek Heroic Age">Heroic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_accounts_of_Homer" title="Ancient accounts of Homer">Ancient accounts of Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">Apotheosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">Daemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">Eudaimonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Euhemerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunoia" title="Eunoia">Eunoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_mean_(philosophy)" title="Golden mean (philosophy)">Golden mean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">Greek words for love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demigod#Classical" title="Demigod">Hemitheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Hubris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">Interpretatio graeca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katabasis" title="Katabasis">Katabasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleos" title="Kleos">Kleos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_thyself" title="Know thyself">Know thyself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Metamorphoses in Greek mythology">Metamorphosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metempsychosis" title="Metempsychosis">Metempsychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nympholepsy" title="Nympholepsy">Nympholepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradoxography" title="Paradoxography">Paradoxography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-state_patron_gods" title="Greek city-state patron gods">Patron gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_madness#Ancient_Greece_and_Rome:_theia_mania" title="Divine madness">Theia mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Texts / <a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">odes</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliupersis" title="Iliupersis">Iliupersis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostoi" title="Nostoi">Nostoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telegony" title="Telegony">Telegony</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theban_Cycle" title="Theban Cycle">Theban Cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipodea" title="Oedipodea">Oedipodea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Greek_poem)" title="Thebaid (Greek poem)">Thebaid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epigoni_(epic)" title="Epigoni (epic)">Epigoni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcmeonis" title="Alcmeonis">Alcmeonis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesop%27s_Fables" title="Aesop's Fables">Aesop's Fables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretalogy" title="Aretalogy">Aretalogy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyranides" title="Cyranides">Cyranides</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_maxims" title="Delphic maxims">Delphic maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derveni_papyrus" title="Derveni papyrus">Derveni papyrus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Verses" title="Golden Verses"><i>Golden Verses</i> of Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Magical_Papyri" title="Greek Magical Papyri">Greek Magical Papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Homerica">Homerica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_of_Dreams_(Antiphon)" title="Interpretation of Dreams (Antiphon)">Interpretation of Dreams</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Er" title="Myth of Er">Myth of Er</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oneirocritica" title="Oneirocritica">Oneirocritica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orphic_Hymns" title="Orphic Hymns">Orphic Hymns</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Books" title="Sibylline Books">Sibylline Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Astrampsychi" title="Sortes Astrampsychi">Sortes Astrampsychi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_religion" title="Minoan religion">Minoan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_religion" title="Mycenaean religion">Mycenaean religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mycenaean_deities" title="List of Mycenaean deities">List of Mycenaean deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expressions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheism#Classical_antiquity" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism#Hellenistic_religion" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism#Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism#Ancient_Greece" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Christianity and Ancient Greek philosophy">Relationship with Greek philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism#Late_Antiquity" title="Western esotericism">Esoteric</a> systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy#Hellenistic_Egypt" title="Alchemy">Early alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretic</a> religions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_in_legend#Deified_Alexander" title="Alexander the Great in legend">Alexander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_cult_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great">Ptolemaic cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)#Religious_issues" title="Julian (emperor)">Religious views of emperor Julian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mystery religions<br />and sacred mysteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbros" title="Imbros">Imbrian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism" title="Orphism">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries#Samothracian_Mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Samothracian Mysteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feraferia" title="Feraferia">Feraferia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaianism" title="Gaianism">Gaianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worship <br />/ rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arotoi_Hieroi" title="Arotoi Hieroi">Arotoi Hieroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptes" title="Baptes">Baptes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" title="Cult of Artemis at Brauron">Cult of Artemis at Brauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daduchos" title="Daduchos">Daduchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_oration_(ancient_Greece)" title="Funeral oration (ancient Greece)">Funeral oration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Greco-Roman mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hero%C3%B6n" title="Heroön">Heroön</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierophany" title="Hierophany">Hierophany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">Hieros gamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hymns_in_ancient_Greek" title="Category:Hymns in ancient Greek">Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">Incubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komos" title="Komos">Komos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekyia" title="Nekyia">Nekyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophagia" title="Omophagia">Omophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgia" title="Orgia">Orgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panegyris" title="Panegyris">Panegyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice#Ancient_Greece" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecatomb" title="Hecatomb">Hecatomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_(sacrifice)#Greek_sacrifice" title="Holocaust (sacrifice)">Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libation#Ancient_Greece" title="Libation">Libation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmakos" title="Pharmakos">Pharmakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">Votive offering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_league" title="Amphictyonic league">Amphictyonic league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon_basileus" title="Archon basileus">Archon basileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilinna" title="Basilinna">Basilinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerarai" title="Gerarai">Gerarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiereia" title="Hiereia">Hiereia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierophant" title="Hierophant">Hierophant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierophylakes" title="Hierophylakes">Hierophylakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatromantis" title="Iatromantis">Iatromantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanephoros" title="Kanephoros">Kanephoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystagogue" title="Mystagogue">Mystagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiasus" title="Thiasus">Thiasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baetyl" title="Baetyl">Baetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture#Cult_images" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Cult image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chryselephantine_sculpture" title="Chryselephantine sculpture">Chryselephantine sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">Xoanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_terracotta_figurines" title="Greek terracotta figurines">Greek terracotta figurines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernos" title="Kernos">Kernos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kykeon" title="Kykeon">Kykeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutrophoros" title="Loutrophoros">Loutrophoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalos" title="Omphalos">Omphalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_amphora" title="Panathenaic amphora">Panathenaic amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">Rhyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrificial_tripod" title="Sacrificial tripod">Sacrificial tripod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptre#Greco-Roman_world" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterion" title="Thymiaterion">Thymiaterion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_world" title="Magic in the Greco-Roman world">Magic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_tablet" title="Curse tablet">Curse tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Magical_Papyri" title="Greek Magical Papyri">Greek Magical Papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermetica" title="Hermetica">Hermetica</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy#Antiquity" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia_(Greco-Roman_magic)" title="Philia (Greco-Roman magic)">Philia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals <br />/ feasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actia" title="Actia">Actia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonia" title="Adonia">Adonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrionia" title="Agrionia">Agrionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthesteria" title="Anthesteria">Anthesteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apellai" title="Apellai">Apellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apaturia" title="Apaturia">Apaturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisia" title="Aphrodisia">Aphrodisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrhephoria" title="Arrhephoria">Arrhephoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascolia" title="Ascolia">Ascolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendidia" title="Bendidia">Bendidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boedromia" title="Boedromia">Boedromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphonia" title="Buphonia">Buphonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalceia" title="Chalceia">Chalceia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilichios" title="Meilichios">Diasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_(festival)" title="Delia (festival)">Delia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinia" title="Delphinia">Delphinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysia" title="Dionysia">Dionysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdysia" title="Ecdysia">Ecdysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelia" title="Gamelia">Gamelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halieia" title="Halieia">Halieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloa" title="Haloa">Haloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleia_(festival)" title="Heracleia (festival)">Heracleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaea_(festival)" title="Hermaea (festival)">Hermaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieromenia" title="Hieromenia">Hieromenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolaus" title="Iolaus">Iolaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronia" title="Kronia">Kronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenaia" title="Lenaia">Lenaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Maeander" title="Magnesia on the Maeander">Leucophryna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykaia" title="Lykaia">Lykaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metageitnia" title="Metageitnia">Metageitnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oschophoria" title="Oschophoria">Oschophoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamboeotia" title="Pamboeotia">Pamboeotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandia_(festival)" title="Pandia (festival)">Pandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plynteria" title="Plynteria">Plynteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaieia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaieia">Ptolemaieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyanopsia" title="Pyanopsia">Pyanopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skira" title="Skira">Skira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoikia" title="Synoikia">Synoikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(festival)" title="Soteria (festival)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauropolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauropolia">Tauropolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thargelia" title="Thargelia">Thargelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseia" title="Theseia">Theseia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesmophoria" title="Thesmophoria">Thesmophoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agon" title="Agon">Agon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Games" title="Panathenaic Games">Panathenaic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhieia" title="Rhieia">Rhieia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Games" title="Panhellenic Games">Panhellenic Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraean_Games" title="Heraean Games">Heraean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_Games" title="Nemean Games">Nemean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actia" title="Actia">Actia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sanctuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuaries">sanctuaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepieion" title="Asclepieion">Asclepieion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinion" title="Delphinion">Delphinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraeum" title="Mithraeum">Mithraeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromanteion_of_Acheron" title="Necromanteion of Acheron">Necromanteion of Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">Nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panionium" title="Panionium">Panionium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion" title="Ploutonion">Ploutonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesterion" title="Telesterion">Telesterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">Temenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis, Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Temple of Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oracles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphiareion_of_Oropos" title="Amphiareion of Oropos">Amphiareion of Oropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claros" title="Claros">Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyaneae" title="Cyaneae">Oracle of Apollo Thyrxeus at Cyaneae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptoion" title="Ptoion">Oracle of Apollo at Ptoion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikaros_(Failaka_Island)" title="Ikaros (Failaka Island)">Oracle of Artemis at Ikaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Oracle of Menestheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_the_Great_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of the Great Gods">Sanctuary of the Great Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegyra" title="Tegyra">Tegyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretea" title="Cretea">Cretea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida (Crete)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Turkey)" title="Mount Ida (Turkey)">Mount Ida (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lykaion" title="Mount Lykaion">Mount Lykaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Zeus,_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Cave of Zeus, Aydın">Cave of Zeus, Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Pan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cave of Pan (disambiguation)">Caves of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Psychro Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vari_Cave" title="Vari Cave">Vari Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Ukraine)" title="Snake Island (Ukraine)">Island of Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Diomedes" title="Islands of Diomedes">Islands of Diomedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Springs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castalian_Spring" title="Castalian Spring">Castalian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrene" title="Hippocrene">Hippocrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierian_Spring" title="Pierian Spring">Pierian Spring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_sacred_ships" title="Athenian sacred ships">Athenian sacred ships</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paralus_(ship)" title="Paralus (ship)">Paralus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salaminia" title="Salaminia">Salaminia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiera_Orgas" title="Hiera Orgas">Hiera Orgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanathos" title="Kanathos">Kanathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Way" title="Sacred Way">Sacred Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><div id="Myths_and_mythology245" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Myths and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">Deities</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_Greek_gods" title="Family tree of the Greek gods">Family tree</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nereid">Nereids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Love deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Erotes10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Himeros" title="Erotes">Himeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)"> Hymen/Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrestia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrestia">Adrestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecothoenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynaecothoenas">Gynaecothoenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_(goddess)" title="Ma (goddess)">Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(Titan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perses (Titan)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chthonic_deities" title="Chthonic deities">Chthonic deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Psychopomps15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">Psychopomps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampad" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampad">Lampad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreus" title="Zagreus">Zagreus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrhon" title="Darrhon">Darrhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sleep deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empusa" title="Empusa">Empusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiales" title="Epiales">Epiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Messenger deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trickster deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magic deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">Other major deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azone" title="Azone">Azone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysaor" title="Chrysaor">Chrysaor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a> (Furies)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Heroes / <br />heroines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abderus" title="Abderus">Abderus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesser" title="Ajax the Lesser">Ajax the Lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academus" title="Academus">Akademos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitryon" title="Amphitryon">Amphitryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochus">Antilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus" title="Autolycus">Autolycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzyges" title="Bouzyges">Bouzyges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus_of_Elis" title="Chrysippus of Elis">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyamites" title="Cyamites">Cyamites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Dioscuri</a> (Castor and Polydeuces)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echetlus" title="Echetlus">Echetlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis_(mythology)" title="Eleusis (mythology)">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheus" title="Erechtheus">Erechtheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus_(hero)" title="Eunostus (hero)">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolaus" title="Iolaus">Iolaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandion_(hero)" title="Pandion (hero)">Pandion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptolemus" title="Triptolemus">Triptolemus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt#The_hunters" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigoni" title="Epigoni">Epigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_against_Thebes" title="Seven against Thebes">Seven against Thebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracles</a> <br />/ seers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesacus" title="Aesacus">Aesacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleuas" title="Aleuas">Aleuas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphilochus_I_of_Argos" title="Amphilochus I of Argos">Amphilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampyx" title="Ampyx">Ampyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anius" title="Anius">Anius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbolus" title="Asbolus">Asbolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakis" title="Bakis">Bakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchus" title="Branchus">Branchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnus" title="Carnus">Carnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_of_Laconia" title="Carya of Laconia">Carya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatus" title="Elatus">Elatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennomus" title="Ennomus">Ennomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimenides" title="Epimenides">Epimenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halitherses" title="Halitherses">Halitherses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamus" title="Iamus">Iamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idmon" title="Idmon">Idmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_(mythology)" title="Manto (mythology)">Manto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melampus" title="Melampus">Melampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopsus" title="Mopsus">Mopsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichus" title="Munichus">Munichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyidus">Polyeidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypheides" title="Polypheides">Polypheides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Pythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerian_Sibyl" title="Cimmerian Sibyl">Cimmerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_Sibyl" title="Delphic Sibyl">Delphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sibyl" title="Libyan Sibyl">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sibyl" title="Persian Sibyl">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Sibyl" title="Phrygian Sibyl">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samian_Sibyl" title="Samian Sibyl">Samian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemus" title="Telemus">Telemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theiodamas" title="Theiodamas">Theiodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoclymenus" title="Theoclymenus">Theoclymenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Other <br /> mortals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegeus" title="Aegeus">Aegeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augeas" title="Augeas">Augeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(mother_of_Andromeda)" title="Cassiopeia (mother of Andromeda)">Cassiopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_(king_of_Thebes)" title="Creon (king of Thebes)">Creon of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryseis" title="Chryseis">Chryseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles" title="Damocles">Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deidamia_(daughter_of_Lycomedes)" title="Deidamia (daughter of Lycomedes)">Deidamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles" title="Eteocles">Eteocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordias" title="Gordias">Gordias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellen" title="Hellen">Hellen</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Heracleidae" title="Heracleidae">Heracleidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapian_shepherds" title="Messapian shepherds">Messapian shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Myrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomela" title="Philomela">Philomela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(son_of_Agenor)" title="Phoenix (son of Agenor)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrha_(mythology)" title="Pyrrha (mythology)">Pyrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entrances to <br /> the underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe" title="Lethe">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegethon" title="Phlegethon">Phlegethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes/swamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acherusia" title="Acherusia">Acherusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Avernus Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerna" title="Lerna">Lerna Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Matapan" title="Cape Matapan">Cape Matapan</a></li> <li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Lake Avernus</a></li> <li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charoniums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Charonium at <a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li>Charonium at <a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion" title="Ploutonion">Ploutonion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ploutonion at <a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li> <li>Ploutonion at <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion_at_Hierapolis" title="Ploutonion at Hierapolis">Ploutonion at Hierapolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Necromanteion (necromancy temple)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necromanteion_of_Acheron" title="Necromanteion of Acheron">Necromanteion of Acheron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodel_Meadows" title="Asphodel Meadows">Fields of Asphodel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Isles of the Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld#Mourning_Fields" title="Greek underworld">Mourning Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthus" title="Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campe" title="Campe">Campe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cerberus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticlea" title="Anticlea">Anticlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AFdes" title="Danaïdes">Danaïdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice" title="Eurydice">Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocnus" title="Ocnus">Ocnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoneus" title="Salmoneus">Salmoneus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shade_(mythology)" title="Shade (mythology)">Shades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus">Tantalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titans (mythology)">Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tityos" title="Tityos">Tityos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katabasis#Trip_into_the_underworld" title="Katabasis">Visitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols/objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bident" title="Bident">Bident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_invisibility" title="Cap of invisibility">Cap of invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon%27s_obol" title="Charon's obol">Charon's obol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals, daemons, <br />and spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuthonymus" title="Ceuthonymus">Ceuthonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynomos_(daemon)" title="Eurynomos (daemon)">Eurynomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Mythical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="Lists of Greek mythological figures">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_creatures" title="List of Greek mythological creatures">Mythological creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mortals_in_Greek_mythology" title="List of mortals in Greek mythology">Mortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of minor Greek mythological figures">Minor figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trojan_War_characters" title="List of Trojan War characters">Trojan War characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daemon_(classical_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon (classical mythology)">Daemon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon" title="Agathodaemon">Agathodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacodemon" title="Cacodemon">Cacodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaemon_(mythology)" title="Eudaemon (mythology)">Eudaemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beasts /<br /> creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaurides" title="Centaurides">Centaurides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyocentaur" title="Ichthyocentaur">Ichthyocentaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclops">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragons_in_Greek_mythology" title="Dragons in Greek mythology">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drakaina_(mythology)" title="Drakaina (mythology)">Drakaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Greek_mythology)" title="Giants (Greek mythology)">Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecatonchires" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecatonchires">Hecatonchires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrois">Horses of Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(mythology)" title="Python (mythology)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captured <br />/ slain by <br /> <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calydonian boar">Calydonian boar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerynian_Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerynian Hind">Cerynian Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Bull" title="Cretan Bull">Cretan Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crommyonian_Sow" title="Crommyonian Sow">Crommyonian Sow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkotauroi" title="Khalkotauroi">Khalkotauroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lernaean_Hydra" title="Lernaean Hydra">Lernaean Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mares_of_Diomedes" title="Mares of Diomedes">Mares of Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_lion" title="Nemean lion">Nemean lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthrus" title="Orthrus">Orthrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalian birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talos" title="Talos">Talos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teumessian_fox" title="Teumessian fox">Teumessian fox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Achaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropophage" title="Anthropophage">Anthropophagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebryces" title="Bebryces">Bebryces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Cicones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curetes_(tribe)" title="Curetes (tribe)">Curetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyl_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactyl (mythology)">Dactyls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargareans" title="Gargareans">Gargareans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halizones" title="Halizones">Halizones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Korybantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">Lapiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus-eaters" title="Lotus-eaters">Lotus-eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pygmy (Greek mythology)">Pygmies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartoi">Spartoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telchines" title="Telchines">Telchines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places <br />/ Realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(constellation)#History" title="Ara (constellation)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis#In_mythology" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytheia" title="Erytheia">Erytheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismarus_(Thrace)" title="Ismarus (Thrace)">Ismarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya (mythology)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa_(mythology)" title="Nysa (mythology)">Nysa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygia" title="Ogygia">Ogygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchaia_(island)" title="Panchaia (island)">Panchaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegra_(mythology)" title="Phlegra (mythology)">Phlegra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Scheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplegades" title="Symplegades">Symplegades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themiscyra_(Pontus)" title="Themiscyra (Pontus)">Themiscyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrinacia">Thrinacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_and_Daphne" title="Apollo and Daphne">Apollo and Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Eros and Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment of Paris">Judgment of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">Labours of Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">Returns from Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonomachy" title="Amazonomachy">Amazonomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_War" title="Attic War">Attic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centauromachy" class="mw-redirect" title="Centauromachy">Centauromachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigantomachy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantomachy">Gigantomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theomachy" title="Theomachy">Theomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanomachy" title="Titanomachy">Titanomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamant" title="Adamant">Adamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">Aegis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosia" title="Ambrosia">Ambrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_of_Discord" title="Apple of Discord">Apple of Discord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argo" title="Argo">Argo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_teeth_(mythology)" title="Dragon's teeth (mythology)">Dragon's teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diipetes" title="Diipetes">Diipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidolon" title="Eidolon">Eidolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(mythology)" title="Galatea (mythology)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girdle_of_Aphrodite" title="Girdle of Aphrodite">Girdle of Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_apple" title="Golden apple">Golden apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordian knot">Gordian knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichor" title="Ichor">Ichor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth#Cretan_labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">Labyrinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_tree" title="Lotus tree">Lotus tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moly_(herb)" title="Moly (herb)">Moly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace_of_Harmonia" title="Necklace of Harmonia">Necklace of Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orichalcum" title="Orichalcum">Orichalcum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_(classical_antiquity)" title="Palladium (classical antiquity)">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea_(medicine)" title="Panacea (medicine)">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora%27s_box" title="Pandora's box">Pandora's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petasos" title="Petasos">Petasos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winged_helmet" title="Winged helmet">Winged helmet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria#The_Phaeacian_ships" title="Scheria">Phaeacian ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosopher's stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Achilles" title="Shield of Achilles">Shield of Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_of_Nessus" title="Shirt of Nessus">Shirt of Nessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles" title="Damocles">Sword of Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaria" title="Talaria">Talaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt" title="Thunderbolt">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">Thyrsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_of_Poseidon" title="Trident of Poseidon">Trident of Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnowing_Oar" title="Winnowing Oar">Winnowing Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_fire" title="Wheel of fire">Wheel of fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_of_Hygieia" title="Bowl of Hygieia">Bowl of Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caduceus" title="Caduceus">Caduceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Cornucopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">Kantharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphic_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphic egg">Orphic egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_of_Athena" title="Owl of Athena">Owl of Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_song" title="Swan song">Swan song</a></li> <li>Wind <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_wind" title="East wind">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_wind" title="West wind">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_wind" title="North wind">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_wind" title="South wind">South</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Modern<br />treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology_in_western_art_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical mythology in western art and literature">Classical mythology in western art and literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Greek mythology in popular culture">Greek mythology in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_understanding_of_Greek_mythology" title="Modern understanding of Greek mythology">Modern understanding of Greek mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83496#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata475" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83496#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata475" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83496#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/187590159">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/132404524">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&oldid=1281313814">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&oldid=1281313814</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cerberus" title="Category:Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_underworld" title="Category:Greek underworld">Greek underworld</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Characters_in_Book_VI_of_the_Aeneid" title="Category:Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid">Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Residents_of_the_Greek_underworld" title="Category:Residents of the Greek underworld">Residents of the Greek underworld</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_dogs" title="Category:Mythological dogs">Mythological dogs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_hybrids" title="Category:Mythological hybrids">Mythological hybrids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Hades" title="Category:Symbols of Hades">Symbols of Hades</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Labours_of_Hercules" title="Category:Labours of Hercules">Labours of Hercules</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_canines" title="Category:Mythological canines">Mythological canines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deeds_of_Hermes" title="Category:Deeds of Hermes">Deeds of Hermes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monsters_in_Greek_mythology" title="Category:Monsters in Greek mythology">Monsters in Greek mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythical_many-headed_creatures" title="Category:Mythical many-headed creatures">Mythical many-headed creatures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Greek legendary creatures">Greek legendary creatures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dogs_in_religion" title="Category:Dogs in religion">Dogs in religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metamorphoses_into_flowers_in_Greek_mythology" title="Category:Metamorphoses into flowers in Greek mythology">Metamorphoses into flowers in Greek mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Characters_in_the_Divine_Comedy" title="Category:Characters in the Divine Comedy">Characters in the Divine Comedy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2017">Use dmy dates from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Greek IPA">Pages with Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 March 2025, at 16:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerberus&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerberus</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>80 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-79cd87d5f8-rpflg","wgBackendResponseTime":312,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.006","walltime":"1.372","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11164,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":393064,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5551,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":234770,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 935.109 1 -total"," 23.28% 217.660 24 Template:Navbox"," 21.27% 198.923 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.30% 124.389 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.54% 117.238 1 Template:Langx"," 12.37% 115.635 33 Template:ISBN"," 11.01% 102.970 3 Template:Cite_web"," 8.71% 81.452 1 Template:Labours_of_Heracles"," 8.35% 78.055 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.34% 59.302 33 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.419","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16546587,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6b7b44df8f-mjfh6","timestamp":"20250319162652","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cerberus","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cerberus","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q83496","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q83496","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-04T13:41:01Z","dateModified":"2025-03-19T16:26:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1a\/Herakles_Kerberos_Eurystheus_Louvre_E701.jpg","headline":"three-headed dog that guards the underworld in Greek mythology"}</script> </body> </html>