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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coach-building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coach-building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coach-building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coach-building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coach_horses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coach_horses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Coach horses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coach_horses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coach (carriage)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koets" title="Koets – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koets" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Карета (превозно средство) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карета (превозно средство)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotxe_de_cavalls" title="Cotxe de cavalls – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cotxe de cavalls" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8D%C3%A1r" title="Kočár – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kočár" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutsche" title="Kutsche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kutsche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coche_de_caballos" title="Coche de caballos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coche de caballos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kale%C5%9Do" title="Kaleŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaleŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalgurdi" title="Zalgurdi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zalgurdi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coche_(hippomobile)" title="Coche (hippomobile) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coche (hippomobile)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dija" title="Kočija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kočija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochi" title="Cochi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cochi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocchio" title="Cocchio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cocchio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7k" title="Koçk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Koçk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutsch" title="Kutsch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kutsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocsi" title="Kocsi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kocsi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koets" title="Koets – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koets" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocz_(pow%C3%B3z)" title="Kocz (powóz) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kocz (powóz)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coche" title="Coche – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coche" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Повозка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Повозка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(carriage)" title="Coach (carriage) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coach (carriage)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dija" title="Kočija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kočija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dija" title="Kočija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kočija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droska" title="Droska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Droska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87_(%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B6)" title="Коч (екіпаж) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коч (екіпаж)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%BC%AA%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8A" title="四輪馬車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="四輪馬車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_(3716748680)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption>A park drag coach in a coaching competition (2009)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riding_and_driving_for_women_(1912)_(14790885643).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Riding_and_driving_for_women_%281912%29_%2814790885643%29.jpg/220px-Riding_and_driving_for_women_%281912%29_%2814790885643%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Riding_and_driving_for_women_%281912%29_%2814790885643%29.jpg/330px-Riding_and_driving_for_women_%281912%29_%2814790885643%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Riding_and_driving_for_women_%281912%29_%2814790885643%29.jpg/440px-Riding_and_driving_for_women_%281912%29_%2814790885643%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Coach driving (1912)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coach_Britannia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Coach_Britannia.jpg/250px-Coach_Britannia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Coach_Britannia.jpg/330px-Coach_Britannia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Coach_Britannia.jpg/500px-Coach_Britannia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1382" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_State_Coach" title="Diamond Jubilee State Coach">Diamond Jubilee</a>, a state coach built in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Coaches</b> are horse-drawn <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriages</a> which are large, enclosed, four-wheeled, pulled by two or more horses, and controlled by a <a href="/wiki/Coachman" title="Coachman">coachman</a> or <a href="/wiki/Postilion" title="Postilion">postilion</a> (riders). If driven by a coachman, there is a raised seat in front for a coachman called a <i>box</i>, <i>box seat</i>, or <i>coach box</i>. A coach body typically has a door on each side, a forward facing seat, and frequently another seat facing it. Coaches were built for specific purposes which included <a href="/wiki/Mail_coach" title="Mail coach">transporting mail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stage_station" title="Stage station">travelers</a>, privately owned coaches, and <a href="/wiki/State_coach" title="State coach">elaborate coaches for state occasions</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coaches were constructed for specific purposes. Below is a list of general types of coaches and their purposes. </p> <ul><li><b>Private coach</b>: Privately owned, usually by a noble family or high-ranking official.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 38">: 38 </span></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Public coach</b>: Used in public service to carry mail, passengers, and parcels.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 50">: 50 </span></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mail_coach" title="Mail coach">Mail coach</a></b> or post coach: A public coach contracted to carry mail along established routes, but also carried premium-fare passengers. The first mail coach in Britain traveled from London to Edinburgh in about 1785, and to Glasgow in 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 676">: 676 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 49">: 49 </span></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stage_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage coach">Stage coach</a></b>: A public coach for transporting passengers on a given road to a regular schedule, driving from <a href="/wiki/Coaching_inn" title="Coaching inn">stage to stage</a> where horses were quickly changed and the coach continued to the next stage.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 152">: 152 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walrond79_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walrond79-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 253">: 253 </span></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Road_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Road coach">Road coach</a></b>: Used at first as a term for the public mail and stage coaches. After the railways took over the mail routes, some of the retired coaches were purchased by gentlemen or syndicates who ran some of the old routes for passenger travel. The term was later used to indicate these same types of coaches owned privately and driven for pleasure or show.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 50">: 50 </span></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Drag</b>: Term used to indicate a private coach used as a sporting pleasure vehicle, usually used during <a href="/wiki/Driving_club" title="Driving club">driving club</a> activities and painted in dark somber colors. It is constructed lighter than the robust mail and stage coaches which preceded them.<sup id="cite_ref-walrond79_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walrond79-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 110">: 110 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">: 67 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_coach" title="State coach">State coach</a></b>: An ornate or elegant coach used to carry very important persons, like visiting heads of state, royalty and high nobility. Some state coaches are used today for ceremonies and <a href="/wiki/State_occasion" title="State occasion">state occasions</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hackney_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hackney coach">Hackney coach</a></b>: A public coach for hire in a similar manner to contemporary <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicabs</a>. The use of these in England began in 1625.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 676">: 676 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walrond79_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walrond79-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 138–39">: 138–39 </span></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Cab</b>: A for-hire public convenience; may be a carriage or a coach. Often these were purchased used from gentlemen when their coaches were worn out or no longer in style.<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 63">: 63 </span></sup></li></ul> <p>Others in the traditional coach family include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)" title="Berlin (carriage)">Berlin</a> or Berline <sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(carriage)" title="Brougham (carriage)">Brougham</a> <sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 44">: 44 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_(carriage)" title="Clarence (carriage)">Clarence</a> <sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 94">: 94 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_coach" title="Concord coach">Concord</a> <sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 104">: 104 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diligence (vehicle)">Diligence</a> <sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 127">: 127 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">Stagecoach</a> <sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 258">: 258 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_wagon" title="Stage wagon">Stage wagon</a> or mud wagon (US) <sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 258">: 258 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 120">: 120 </span></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Barouche" title="Barouche">Barouche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landau_(carriage)" title="Landau (carriage)">Landau</a> are considered in the coach family because they are built on a coach undercarriage and with the lower body of a coach, though they have falling hoods (folding tops).<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 44, 184">: 44, 184 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chariot_(carriage)" title="Chariot (carriage)">chariot</a> is also considered part of the coach family even though it is a shortened version (seats only two).<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 84">: 84 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Horsebus" title="Horsebus">Omnibus</a>, a long-bodied public vehicle used to transport many passengers in cities, is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Wagonette" title="Wagonette">wagonette</a> and not as a coach because passengers enter from the rear and seating is arranged lengthwise.<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 205">: 205 </span></sup> </p><p>Individual coaches that operated on regular routes were usually given names. The <i><a href="/wiki/Tally-ho#Horse-drawn_vehicles" title="Tally-ho">Tally-Ho</a></i> was a particular yellow-painted coach, but because sometimes a fleet of vehicles operating on the same route were painted with the same name, the term <i>Tally-ho</i> became a common term for any road coach.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Types of coaches</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 283.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 281.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A private coach"><img alt="A private coach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG/422px-Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG" decoding="async" width="282" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG/634px-Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG/844px-Herrschaftliche_Kutsche.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A private coach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Mail_coach_in_the_Science_Museum_(London)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A mail coach"><img alt="A mail coach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Royal_Mail_coach_in_the_Science_Museum_%28London%29_02.jpg/500px-Royal_Mail_coach_in_the_Science_Museum_%28London%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Royal_Mail_coach_in_the_Science_Museum_%28London%29_02.jpg/960px-Royal_Mail_coach_in_the_Science_Museum_%28London%29_02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A mail coach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Pollard_-_The_London-Faringdon_Coach_passing_Buckland_House,_Berkshire_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A road coach"><img alt="A road coach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/James_Pollard_-_The_London-Faringdon_Coach_passing_Buckland_House%2C_Berkshire_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-James_Pollard_-_The_London-Faringdon_Coach_passing_Buckland_House%2C_Berkshire_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/James_Pollard_-_The_London-Faringdon_Coach_passing_Buckland_House%2C_Berkshire_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/960px-James_Pollard_-_The_London-Faringdon_Coach_passing_Buckland_House%2C_Berkshire_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4794" data-file-height="3433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A road coach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_(3716749350).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A drag"><img alt="A drag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716749350%29.jpg/500px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716749350%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716749350%29.jpg/960px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716749350%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1132" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A drag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_King_D._Joao_V_Coach_(18th_Century).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An early 18th century state coach"><img alt="An early 18th century state coach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Portugal_King_D._Joao_V_Coach_%2818th_Century%29.jpg/500px-Portugal_King_D._Joao_V_Coach_%2818th_Century%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Portugal_King_D._Joao_V_Coach_%2818th_Century%29.jpg/960px-Portugal_King_D._Joao_V_Coach_%2818th_Century%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3444" data-file-height="2178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An early 18th century state coach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_(29698894852).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An 1820s state coach still in use today"><img alt="An 1820s state coach still in use today" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_%2829698894852%29.jpg/383px-De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_%2829698894852%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_%2829698894852%29.jpg/575px-De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_%2829698894852%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_%2829698894852%29.jpg/765px-De_Glazen_Koets_-_Prinsjesdag_2016_%2829698894852%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An 1820s state coach still in use today</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 14th century England, coaches were still extremely rare. It is unlikely there were more than a dozen, and even then they were very costly until the end of the century. These coaches had four six-spoke, six-foot high wheels that were linked by greased axles under the body of the coach and they had no suspension. The chassis was made from oak beams and the barrel shaped roof was covered in brightly painted leather or cloth. The interior included seats, beds, cushions, tapestries and even rugs. They were pulled by four to five horses.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One source says that in, "1564, Boonen, a Dutchman, became the Queen's coachman, and was the first that brought the use of coaches into England."<sup id="cite_ref-knight_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 675">: 675 </span></sup> Another source says it was not until 1580, in the reign of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>, that coaches were introduced to England from France by <a href="/wiki/Henry_FitzAlan,_19th_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel">Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-google_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were designed to be pulled by a pair of horses. In 1619 <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham</a> introduced the coach drawn by six horses.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg/220px-Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg/330px-Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg/440px-Gold_State_Coach_at_the_Royal_Mews_-_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>This image of a 1760s coach shows the long leather straps which supported early coaches.</figcaption></figure> <p>The bodies of early coaches were hung on leather straps. In the eighteenth century steel springs were also used in <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">suspension</a> systems. An advertisement in the <i><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Courant" title="Edinburgh Courant">Edinburgh Courant</a></i> for 1754 reads: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Edinburgh stage-coach, for the better accommodation of passengers, will be altered to a new genteel two-end glass coach-machine, hung on steel springs, exceedingly light and easy...</p></blockquote> <p>Strap suspension, called <i>thoroughbraces</i> or simply <i>braces</i>, were not comfortable for the passengers, and were replaced by various configurations of steel springs as each were invented. However, thoroughbraces didn't entirely disappear, and the 19th century American <a href="/wiki/Concord_coach" title="Concord coach">Concord coaches</a> used leather straps in their suspension system. </p><p>In 1772, Robert Norris described the use of two coaches in <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a> during a ceremonial procession. They were drawn by 12 men instead of horses probably as a result of the small number of horses in Dahomey.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century the word "coach" was used for U.S. <a href="/wiki/Coach_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (rail)">railway carriages</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the 20th century to <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">motor coaches</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kocs" title="Kocs">Kocs</a> was the Hungarian post town in the 15th century onwards that gave its name to a fast light vehicle, which later spread across Europe. Therefore, the English word <i>coach</i>, the Spanish and Portuguese <i>coche</i>, the German <i>Kutsche</i>, the Slovak <i> koč</i>, Czech <i>kočár</i>, and Slovene <i>kočija</i> all probably derive from the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> word "Kocsi", literally meaning "of Kocs".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traveling by coach, or pleasure driving in a coach, is called <i>coaching</i>. The business of a <a href="/wiki/Coachman" title="Coachman">coachman</a> is to expertly direct and take all responsibility for a coach or carriage and its horses, their stabling, feeding and maintenance and the associated staff. A coachman holds a <a href="/wiki/Carriage#whip" title="Carriage">coachwhip</a> with a long lash, and he might wear a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/box_coat" class="extiw" title="wikt:box coat">box coat</a>, a heavy overcoat with or without shoulder capes, in inclement weather.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beaufort_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beaufort-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 356">: 356 </span></sup> If driving a <a href="/wiki/State_coach" title="State coach">state coach</a>, the coachman's seat would be covered with an ornamented fabric called a <a href="/wiki/Hammercloth" title="Hammercloth">hammercloth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 350">: 350 </span></sup> A guard on a horse-drawn coach is called a <i>shooter</i>. Instead of a coachman, a coach might be guided by <a href="/wiki/Postilion" title="Postilion">postilion</a> riders. </p><p>A coach might have a built-in compartment called a <i>boot</i>, used originally as a seat for the coachman and later for storage. A luggage case for the top of a coach is called an <i>imperial</i>; the top, roof or second-story compartment of a coach is also known as an imperial.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The front and rear <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axles</a> were connected by a main shaft called the <i>perch</i> or <i>reach</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A crossbar known as a <i>splinter bar</i> supported the springs. </p><p>A coach with four horses is a <i>coach-and-four</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 97">: 97 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A coach together with the horses, harness and attendants is a <i>turnout</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 286">: 286 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>cockhorse</i> is an extra horse led behind a coach to be added to the hitch when an extra horse is needed in steep or hilly terrain. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Coach_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach house">coach house</a> is a special building for sheltering coaches, and a <a href="/wiki/Coaching_inn" title="Coaching inn">coaching inn</a> or coaching house provided accommodation for travelers, and usually provided a change of horses and offered stabling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coach-building">Coach-building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coach-building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coach-building had reached a high degree of specialization in Britain by the middle of the 19th century. Separate branches of the trade dealt with the timber, iron, leather, brass and other materials used. And there were many minor specialists within each of these categories. The "body-makers" produced the body or vehicle itself, while the "carriage-makers" made the stronger timbers beneath and around the body. The timbers used included <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larch" title="Larch">larch</a>. The tools and processes were similar to those used in <a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">cabinet-making</a>, plus others specific to coach-making. Making the curved woodwork alone called for considerable skill. Making the iron axles, springs and other metal used was the work of the "coach-smith," one of the most highly paid classes of workmen in London.<sup id="cite_ref-knight_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 677">: 677 </span></sup> Lining the interior of the coach with leather and painting, trimming, and decorating the exterior required the work of specialist tradesmen. Building carts and wagons involved similar skills, but of a coarser kind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coach_horses">Coach horses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coach horses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A coach horse or coacher bred for drawing a coach is typically heavier than a saddle horse and exhibits good style and action.<sup id="cite_ref-harper_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 71-74">: 71-74 </span></sup> Breeds have included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Bay" title="Cleveland Bay">Cleveland Bay</a> <sup id="cite_ref-harper_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 161">: 161 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postier_Breton" class="mw-redirect" title="Postier Breton">Postier Breton</a>: The lighter of the two subtypes of Breton <sup id="cite_ref-simon_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simon-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 90">: 90 </span></sup></li> <li>German coach: large, rather coarse, harness horse; bay, brown or black in color.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoverian_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoverian (horse)">Hanoverian</a>: developed by crossing heavy cold-blooded German horses with Thoroughbreds <sup id="cite_ref-simon_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simon-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 32">: 32 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harper_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 154">: 154 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holsteiner" title="Holsteiner">Holsteiner</a> <sup id="cite_ref-harper_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 154">: 154 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburger" title="Oldenburger">Oldenburger</a> <sup id="cite_ref-harper_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 154">: 154 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percheron" title="Percheron">Percheron</a> <sup id="cite_ref-simon_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simon-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 87">: 87 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Coach_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire Coach Horse">Yorkshire Coach Horse</a>: large, strong, bay or brown; dark legs, mane and tail; derived largely from crossing <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Bay" title="Cleveland Bay">Cleveland Bay</a> horses with <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbreds</a> <sup id="cite_ref-harper_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 163-4">: 163-4 </span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_coaches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state coaches">List of state coaches</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quotation, page 239: "the term now recognized as properly descriptive of a coach for private driving is 'drag.'"<sup id="cite_ref-belmont_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belmont-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 239">: 239 </span></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John M. Seabrook shows his park drag made by <a href="/wiki/F_%26_R_Shanks" title="F & R Shanks">F & R Shanks</a> (at 8:50-10:00 minutes), and Thomas Ryder explains the difference between a park drag and a road coach (at 10:00-12:15 minutes) <sup id="cite_ref-seabrook_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seabrook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quotation from pages 236 & 239, "A curious error into which people generally have fallen is that of calling the four-in-hand coach a Tally-ho. Even the lexicographers have perpetuated it, and so I suppose it will stand, although it may be interesting to point it out. De Lancey Kane named the four-in-hand road coach which he drove between New York and Pelham, a quarter of a century ago, the Tally-ho. It was merely the name of the vehicle, given according to English usage to the coaches which rumbled over their highways, for convenience in advertising and in conversation, the same as the name of a sea-going vessel."<sup id="cite_ref-belmont_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belmont-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 236–9">: 236–9 </span></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-smith-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, D.J.M. (1988). <i>A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles</i>. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851314686" title="Special:BookSources/0851314686"><bdi>0851314686</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11597864M">11597864M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Horse+Drawn+Vehicles&rft.pub=J.+A.+Allen+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11597864M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0851314686&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D.J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knight-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-knight_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knight_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knight_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knight_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol IV</i> (1848 ed.). London: Charles Knight.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Cyclopaedia+of+Useful+Knowledge%2C+Vol+IV&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1848&rft.pub=Charles+Knight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walrond79-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walrond79_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walrond79_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walrond79_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalrond1979" class="citation book cs1">Walrond, Sallie (1979). <i>The Encyclopaedia of Driving</i>. Country Life Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0600331822" title="Special:BookSources/0600331822"><bdi>0600331822</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL4175648M">4175648M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Driving&rft.pub=Country+Life+Books&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL4175648M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0600331822&rft.aulast=Walrond&rft.aufirst=Sallie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-belmont-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-belmont_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-belmont_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelmont1901" class="citation book cs1">Belmont, Oliver H. P. (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofsport00patt/page/239/mode/1up">"Coaching"</a>. In Patten, William (ed.). <i>The Book of Sport</i>. J.F. Taylor & Co. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24131749M">24131749M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coaching&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Sport&rft.pub=J.F.+Taylor+%26+Co.&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24131749M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Belmont&rft.aufirst=Oliver+H.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofsport00patt%2Fpage%2F239%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seabrook-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seabrook_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/503561882">"The Seabrook Carriage Collection (video)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carriage_Association_of_America" title="Carriage Association of America">Carriage Association of America</a>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Seabrook+Carriage+Collection+%28video%29&rft.pub=Carriage+Association+of+America&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F503561882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berkebile1978-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkebile1978_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerkebile1978" class="citation book cs1">Berkebile, Donald H. (1978). <i>Carriage Terminology: An Historical Dictionary</i>. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781935623434" title="Special:BookSources/9781935623434"><bdi>9781935623434</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL33342342M">33342342M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carriage+Terminology%3A+An+Historical+Dictionary&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Scholarly+Press&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL33342342M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=9781935623434&rft.aulast=Berkebile&rft.aufirst=Donald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2009" class="citation book cs1">Mortimer, Ian (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/timetravellersgu0000mort_p5o4"><i>The time traveller's guide to medieval England : a handbook for visitors to the fourteenth century</i></a>. London: Vintage. pp. <span class="nowrap">133–</span>134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-099-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-099-6"><bdi>978-1-84595-099-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+time+traveller%27s+guide+to+medieval+England+%3A+a+handbook+for+visitors+to+the+fourteenth+century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84595-099-6&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftimetravellersgu0000mort_p5o4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPercy,_S.Percy,_R.1823" class="citation book cs1">Percy, S.; Percy, R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=coach&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcoach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coach">"coach"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=coach&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcoach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524085241/http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Box+Coat&offset=0">"Box Coat"</a>. <i>Probert Encyclopaedia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Box+Coat&offset=0">the original</a> on 24 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Probert+Encyclopaedia&rft.atitle=Box+Coat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.probertencyclopaedia.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fres.pl%3Fkeyword%3DBox%2BCoat%26offset%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMessmer2024" class="citation web cs1">Messmer, D (17 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisegeek.net/what-is-a-box-coat.htm">"What is a Box Coat?"</a>. <i>wisegeek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wisegeek&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Box+Coat%3F&rft.date=2024-05-17&rft.aulast=Messmer&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.net%2Fwhat-is-a-box-coat.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beaufort-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beaufort_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeaufort1901" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somerset,_8th_Duke_of_Beaufort" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort">Beaufort, Henry Charles FitzRoy Somerset (Duke of Beaufort)</a> (1901). <i>Driving</i>. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22878921M">22878921M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driving&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL22878921M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Beaufort&rft.aufirst=Henry+Charles+FitzRoy+Somerset+%28Duke+of+Beaufort%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/imperial">Definition of imperial by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.</a> Free access.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKinney2004" class="citation book cs1">Kinney, Thomas A (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FPO_iwMOD5QC&dq=carriage+%22coach+perch%22&pg=PA207"><i>The Carriage Trade: Making Horse-Drawn Vehicles in America</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7946-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7946-3"><bdi>978-0-8018-7946-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carriage+Trade%3A+Making+Horse-Drawn+Vehicles+in+America&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7946-3&rft.aulast=Kinney&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFPO_iwMOD5QC%26dq%3Dcarriage%2B%2522coach%2Bperch%2522%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/coach-and-four">Definition of coach-and-four by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.</a> Free access.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/turn+out">Turn out – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harper-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harper_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper1915" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Merritt W. (1915) [1913]. <i>Management and Breeding of Horses</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Orange_Judd" title="Orange Judd">Orange Judd Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24168673M">24168673M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Management+and+Breeding+of+Horses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Orange+Judd+Company&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24168673M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Merritt+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-simon-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-simon_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-simon_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-simon_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBongianni1988" class="citation book cs1">Bongianni, Maurizio (1988). <i>Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses & Ponies of the World</i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0671660675" title="Special:BookSources/0671660675"><bdi>0671660675</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2396660M">2396660M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simon+%26+Schuster%27s+Guide+to+Horses+%26+Ponies+of+the+World&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL2396660M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0671660675&rft.aulast=Bongianni&rft.aufirst=Maurizio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIrwin" class="citation web cs1">Irwin, Lyndon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lyndonirwin.com/04horse13.htm">"1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair : German Coach Horse Shows"</a>. Agricultural History Series, Missouri State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1904+St.+Louis+Worlds+Fair+%3A+German+Coach+Horse+Shows&rft.series=Agricultural+History+Series%2C+Missouri+State+University&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Lyndon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lyndonirwin.com%2F04horse13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKintrea1967" class="citation magazine cs1">Kintrea, Frank (October 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanheritage.com/when-coachman-was-millionare">"When The Coachman Was A Millionare"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a></i>. Vol. 18, no. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=When+The+Coachman+Was+A+Millionare&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1967-10&rft.aulast=Kintrea&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fwhen-coachman-was-millionare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoach+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coach_(carriage)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coaches_(carriage)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coaches (carriage)">Coaches (carriage)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Coaches" class="extiw" title="q:Coaches">Coaches</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Coach" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Coach">Coach</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijtuigmuseum.be/">Belgian coach museum in Bree</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/coaches_1750_to_1900.htm">Coaches 1750 to 1900.</a> History Learning Site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/bynpwllr/coaches2.htm">The Coaches: 'Travellers in Eighteenth-Century England'.</a> Civilization defined and explained in plain English: Library of mainly eighteenth century authors by P.Atkinson.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504164002/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~awoodley/carriage/history.html">Coaching History.</a> By Anne Woodley. Also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080330041051/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~awoodley/carriage/accidents.html">Coaching Accidents</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607031949/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~awoodley/carriage/anecdote.html">Coaching Anecdotes</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607032014/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~awoodley/carriage/types.html">A selection of Georgian Coaches</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110103309/http://www.carriagemuseumlibrary.org/Coachman.html">Coachman Driven Vehicles.</a> <a href="/wiki/Carriage_Museum_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Carriage Museum of America">Carriage Museum of America</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=237786">H3875 Horse-drawn coach, mail and passenger coach, timber / metal / leather, made by Cobb and Co. Coach and Buggy Factory, Charleville, Queensland, Australia, 1890 – Powerhouse Museum Collection.</a> Powerhouse Museum | Science + Design | Sydney Australia.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1878/05/05/archives/the-history-of-coaching-travelling-in-old-england-the-first-coaches.html">The History of Coaching—Travelling in Old England—The First Coaches Introduced of The Mail-Coach System—Amateur Coachmen in the Olden Time—Early Coaching Parades—The Dangers of the Road—Highwaymen and Reckless Drivers.</a> The New York Times, May 5, 1878, page 10.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214204306/http://www.historicpelham.com/Articles/CoachingToPelham.htm">Col. Delancey Kane and "The Pelham Coach".</a> Historic Pelham.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715084419/http://www.janeausten.co.uk/magazine/page.ihtml?pid=310&step=4">Landscape Property|Regency|Georgian|history|lifestyle|house | Going By Coach.</a> Jane Austen Centre Bath UK England.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/05/10/105053049.pdf">Some Coaching Costumes</a> by Marie Weldon, The New York Times, Magazine Supplement, page SM4.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Horse-drawn_carriages" title="Template:Horse-drawn carriages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Horse-drawn_carriages" title="Template talk:Horse-drawn carriages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Horse-drawn_carriages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Horse-drawn carriages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Horse-drawn_vehicles_and_carriages304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-wheeled<br />carriages and coaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araba_(carriage)" title="Araba (carriage)">Araba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barouche" title="Barouche">Barouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)" title="Berlin (carriage)">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_(carriage)" title="Brake (carriage)">Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britzka" title="Britzka">Britzka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(carriage)" title="Brougham (carriage)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckboard" title="Buckboard">Buckboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buggy_(carriage)" title="Buggy (carriage)">Buggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calash" class="mw-redirect" title="Calash">Calash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariole" title="Cariole">Cariole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carryall" title="Carryall">Carryall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaise" title="Chaise">Chaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_(carriage)" title="Clarence (carriage)">Clarence</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_coach" title="Concord coach">Concord coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_(carriage)" title="Coupé (carriage)">Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diligence (vehicle)">Diligence</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos-%C3%A0-dos_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dos-à-dos (carriage)">Dos-à-dos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag (carriage)">Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droshky" title="Droshky">Droshky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacre_(carriage)" title="Fiacre (carriage)">Fiacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_(carriage)" title="Fly (carriage)">Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_(carriage)" title="Four-in-hand (carriage)">Four-in-hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hackney coach">Hackney coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearse#History" title="Hearse">Hearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herdic" title="Herdic">Herdic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsebus" title="Horsebus">Horsebus/Omnibus</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_(carriage)" title="Jingle (carriage)">Jingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karozzin" title="Karozzin">Karozzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibitka" title="Kibitka">Kibitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau_(carriage)" title="Landau (carriage)">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_coach" title="Mail coach">Mail coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_carriage" title="Marathon carriage">Marathon carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Drag">Park Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(carriage)" title="Phaeton (carriage)">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_chaise" title="Post chaise">Post chaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Coach">Road Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_(carriage)" title="Rockaway (carriage)">Rockaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(carriage)" title="Runabout (carriage)">Runabout (carriage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable_(carriage)" title="Sociable (carriage)">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_phaeton" class="mw-redirect" title="Spider phaeton">Spider phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">Stagecoach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_wagon" title="Stage wagon">Stage wagon</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_coach" title="State coach">State coach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_coach" title="Gold coach">Gilded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_(carriage)" title="Surrey (carriage)">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantass" title="Tarantass">Tarantass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triga_(chariot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triga (chariot)">Triga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(carriage)" title="Victoria (carriage)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vozok" title="Vozok">Vozok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagonette" title="Wagonette">Wagonette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two-wheeled<br />carriages and carts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandy_(carriage)" title="Bandy (carriage)">Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabriolet_(carriage)" title="Cabriolet (carriage)">Cabriolet</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_cart" title="Cape cart">Cape cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">Cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariot_(carriage)" title="Chariot (carriage)">Chariot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biga_(chariot)" title="Biga (chariot)">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triga_(chariot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triga (chariot)">Triga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga">Quadriga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e_(cart)" title="Chasse-marée (cart)">Chasse-marée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidomo" title="Cidomo">Cidomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_(carriage)" title="Croydon (carriage)">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curricle" title="Curricle">Curricle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogcart" title="Dogcart">Dogcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokar">Dokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekka_(carriage)" title="Ekka (carriage)">Ekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(horse-drawn)" title="Float (horse-drawn)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(vehicle)" title="Gari (vehicle)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharry" title="Gharry">Gharry</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_(carriage)" title="Gig (carriage)">Gig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governess_cart" title="Governess cart">Governess cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansom_cab" title="Hansom cab">Hansom cab</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunting_car" title="Jaunting car">Jaunting car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalesa" title="Kalesa">Kalesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbers_and_caissons" title="Limbers and caissons">Limbers and caissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralli_car" title="Ralli car">Ralli car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_cart" title="Red River cart">Red River cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-horse_shay" class="mw-redirect" title="One-horse shay">Shay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cart" title="Sicilian cart">Sicilian cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjees" title="Sjees">Sjees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprung_cart" title="Sprung cart">Sprung cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanhope_(carriage)" title="Stanhope (carriage)">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulky" title="Sulky">Sulky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanga_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanga (carriage)">Tanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_(carriage)" title="Tilbury (carriage)">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(carriage)" title="Trap (carriage)">Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbrel" title="Tumbrel">Tumbrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheeled_calash" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-wheeled calash">Two-wheeled calash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Un-sprung_cart" class="mw-redirect" title="Un-sprung cart">Un-sprung cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volante_(carriage)" title="Volante (carriage)">Volante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskey (carriage)">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-wheeled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled/sleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travois" title="Travois">Travois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troika_(driving)" title="Troika (driving)">Troika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wagons & freight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon" title="Chuckwagon">Chuckwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_wagon" title="Conestoga wagon">Conestoga wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_wagon" title="Covered wagon">Covered wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(horse-drawn)" title="Float (horse-drawn)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorry_(horse-drawn)" title="Lorry (horse-drawn)">Lorry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telega" title="Telega">Telega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolley_(horse-drawn)" title="Trolley (horse-drawn)">Trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolley_and_lift_van" title="Trolley and lift van">Trolley and lift van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardo_(Romani_wagon)" title="Vardo (Romani wagon)">Vardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">Wagon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carriage_builder" class="mw-redirect" title="Carriage builder">Vehicle construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder#Horse-drawn_origins" title="Coachbuilder">Coachbuilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_axle_assembly" title="Front axle assembly">Front axle assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammercloth" title="Hammercloth">Hammercloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaft_bow" title="Shaft bow">Shaft bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swingletree" title="Swingletree">Swingletree/singletree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage#Undercarriage" title="Carriage">Undercarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainwright_(occupation)" title="Wainwright (occupation)">Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelwright" title="Wheelwright">Wheelwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whippletree_(mechanism)" title="Whippletree (mechanism)">Whippletree/double tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_harness" title="Horse harness">Harness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_rein" title="Bearing rein">Bearing rein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinkers_(horse_tack)" title="Blinkers (horse tack)">Blinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastplate_(tack)#Harness" title="Breastplate (tack)">Breast collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeching_(tack)" title="Breeching (tack)">Breeching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle#Harness_bridles" title="Bridle">Bridle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_collar" title="Horse collar">Collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crupper" title="Crupper">Crupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_brass" title="Horse brass">Horse brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rein#Harness_reins" title="Rein">Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harness_saddle" title="Harness saddle">Saddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terret" title="Terret">Terret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_(tack)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trace (tack)">Trace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coachman" title="Coachman">Coachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footman" title="Footman">Footman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postilion" title="Postilion">Postilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">Draft horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_club" title="Driving club">Driving club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem#Horse_driving" title="Tandem">Tandem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carriage_museums" class="mw-redirect" title="List of carriage museums">Museums and collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_use_of_roadways" title="Equestrian use of roadways">Equestrian use of roadways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carriages" title="Category:Carriages">Carriages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carts" title="Category:Carts">Carts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coachbuilders" title="Category:Coachbuilders">Coachbuilders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carriage_museums" title="Category:Carriage museums">Carriage museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horse_driving" title="Category:Horse driving">Horse driving</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carriages" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carriages">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡ indicates vehicles that were used historically in public transport services</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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