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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" 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placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-พอลีแซคคาไรด์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#พอลีแซคคาไรด์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>พอลีแซคคาไรด์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-พอลีแซคคาไรด์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">คาร์โบไฮเดรต</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 134 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolhidraat" title="Koolhidraat – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolhidraat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenhydrate" title="Kohlenhydrate – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kohlenhydrate" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrato_de_carbonio" title="Hidrato de carbonio – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hidrato de carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سكريات – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="শৰ্কৰা – อัสสัม" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শৰ্কৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="อัสสัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcidu" title="Glúcidu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Glúcidu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidratlar" title="Karbohidratlar – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbohidratlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کاربوهیدرات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاربوهیدرات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Углеводтар – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Углеводтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – บาหลี" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="บาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97ond%C4%97n%C4%93" title="Onglėondėnē – ซาโมจิเตียน" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglėondėnē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="ซาโมจิเตียน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вугляводы – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вугляводы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вугляводы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вугляводы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Въглехидрат – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглехидрат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="শর্করা – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শর্করা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikohidrati" title="Ugljikohidrati – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljikohidrati" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нүүрһэн уһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нүүрһэн уһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcid" title="Glúcid – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Glúcid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – เซบู" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="เซบู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کاربۆھیدرات – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆھیدرات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacharidy" title="Sacharidy – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sacharidy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrad" title="Carbohydrad – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbohydrad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulhydrat" title="Kulhydrat – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kulhydrat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenhydrate" title="Kohlenhydrate – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenhydrate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%93%DE%B0" title="ކާބޯހައިޑްރޭޓް – ธิเวหิ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކާބޯހައިޑްރޭޓް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ธิเวหิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Υδατάνθρακες – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδατάνθρακες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonhidrato" title="Karbonhidrato – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbonhidrato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcido" title="Glúcido – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Glúcido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahhariidid" title="Sahhariidid – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sahhariidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono_hidrato" title="Karbono hidrato – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono hidrato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcidu" title="Glúcidu – เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Glúcidu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کربوهیدرات – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربوهیدرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilihydraatti" title="Hiilihydraatti – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiilihydraatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucide" title="Glucide – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Glucide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6lh%C3%BCdraaten" title="Köölhüdraaten – ฟริเซียนเหนือ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Köölhüdraaten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalhydraat" title="Koalhydraat – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koalhydraat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbaihiodr%C3%A1it" title="Carbaihiodráit – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbaihiodráit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualuisg" title="Gualuisg – เกลิกสกอต" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gualuisg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="เกลิกสกอต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohidrato" title="Carbohidrato – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פחמימה – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמימה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – ฮินดีฟิจิ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ฮินดีฟิจิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikohidrati" title="Ugljikohidrati – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikohidrati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabonidrat" title="Kabonidrat – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kabonidrat" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9nhidr%C3%A1t" title="Szénhidrát – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szénhidrát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ածխաջուր – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխաջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrato" title="Carbohydrato – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carbohydrato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohidrate" title="Carbohidrate – อินเตอร์ลิงกิว" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Carbohidrate" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกิว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – อีโลโก" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="อีโลโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykra" title="Sykra – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sykra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucidi" title="Glucidi – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glucidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="炭水化物 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭水化物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირწყლები – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირწყლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Көмірсулар – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көмірсулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾರ್ಬೋಹೈಡ್ರೇಟುಗಳು – กันนาดา" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಬೋಹೈಡ್ರೇಟುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="กันนาดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="탄수화물 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄수화물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کاربوہایڈریٹ – แคชเมียร์" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کاربوہایڈریٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="แคชเมียร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboh%C3%AEdrat" title="Karbohîdrat – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbohîdrat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83" title="Көмүрсуу – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көмүрсуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratum" title="Carbohydratum – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbohydratum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelenhydrat" title="Kuelenhydrat – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelenhydrat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuidraa" title="Carbuidraa – ลอมบาร์ด" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carbuidraa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ลอมบาร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ກະລູຊິດ – ลาว" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກະລູຊິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ลาว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliavandeniai" title="Angliavandeniai – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Angliavandeniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og%C4%BChidr%C4%81ti" title="Ogļhidrāti – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogļhidrāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliosida" title="Gliosida – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gliosida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Јаглехидрат – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглехидрат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="കാർബോഹൈഡ്രേറ്റ് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബോഹൈഡ്രേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81_%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нүүрс ус – มองโกเลีย" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрс ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="มองโกเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဘိုဟိုက်ဒရိတ် – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဘိုဟိုက်ဒရိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6lenhydrate" title="Kölenhydrate – เยอรมันต่ำ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kölenhydrate" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันต่ำ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="शर्करा – เนวาร์" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शर्करा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="เนวาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolhydraten" title="Koolhydraten – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolhydraten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohydrat" title="Karbohydrat – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbohydrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohydrat" title="Karbohydrat – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbohydrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucid" title="Glucid – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glucid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboohayidireeti" title="Kaarboohayidireeti – โอโรโม" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarboohayidireeti" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="โอโรโม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ଶ୍ୱେତସାର – โอดิยา" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶ୍ୱେତସାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="โอดิยา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B4%C3%A6%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æвзалыдæттæ – ออสเซเตีย" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзалыдæттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ออสเซเตีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F" title="ਕਾਰਬੋਹਾਈਡਰੇਟ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬੋਹਾਈਡਰੇਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glowodany" title="Węglowodany – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węglowodany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کاربوہائیڈریٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربوہائیڈریٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%89%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%BC" title="کاربوهایډرېټ – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاربوهایډرېټ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboidrato" title="Carboidrato – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carboidrato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illimsayaku" title="K'illimsayaku – เคชวา" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'illimsayaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="เคชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucid%C4%83" title="Glucidă – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Glucidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Углеводы – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Углеводы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Угльоводы – รูซิน" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Угльоводы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="รูซิน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углевод – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Углевод" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ – สันตาลี" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="สันตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuidrati" title="Carbuidrati – ซิซิลี" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carbuidrati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ซิซิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD" title="ڪاربوهائيڊريٽ – สินธิ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاربوهائيڊريٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="สินธิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljeni_hidrati" title="Ugljeni hidrati – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljeni hidrati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7" title="කාබෝහයිඩ්‍රේට – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබෝහයිඩ්‍රේට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacharid" title="Sacharid – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sacharid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikov_hidrat" title="Ogljikov hidrat – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikov hidrat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrates" title="Carbohydrates – โชนา" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Carbohydrates" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="โชนา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidratet" title="Karbohidratet – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karbohidratet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Угљени хидрат – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљени хидрат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – ซุนดา" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ซุนดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolhydrat" title="Kolhydrat – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolhydrat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrati_kabonia" title="Hidrati kabonia – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hidrati kabonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கார்போவைதரேட்டு – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்போவைதரேட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పిండి పదార్థాలు – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పిండి పదార్థాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Карбогидратҳо – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карбогидратҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrata" title="Karbohidrata – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karbohidrata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonhidrat" title="Karbonhidrat – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbonhidrat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Күмерсулар – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күмерсулар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Углеводтар – ตูวา" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Углеводтар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ตูวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вуглеводи – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вуглеводи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کاربو ہائیڈریٹ – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربو ہائیڈریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglevodlar" title="Uglevodlar – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uglevodlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboidrati" title="Carboidrati – เวเนโต้" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carboidrati" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="เวเนโต้" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrat" title="Carbohydrat – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbohydrat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="糖类 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="糖类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ნოშქერწყარეფი – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნოშქერწყარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98" title="קארבאהידראט – ยิดดิช" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארבאהידראט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ยิดดิช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danqsuijvaqhozvuz" title="Danqsuijvaqhozvuz – จ้วง" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Danqsuijvaqhozvuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="จ้วง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="糖类 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="糖类" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%A3%E9%A1%9E" title="醣類 – จีนคลาสสิก" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="醣類" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="จีนคลาสสิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-ch%C3%BAi-ho%C3%A0-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Thoàⁿ-chúi-hoà-bu̍t – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thoàⁿ-chúi-hoà-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%A3" title="醣 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11358#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" rel="discussion" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&oldid=11936064" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&id=11936064&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2595"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2595"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbohydrates" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11358" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9909451">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552732">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่แบบ:เคมีอินทรีย์"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:เคมีอินทรีย์"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:เคมีอินทรีย์"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>คาร์โบไฮเดรต</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">Carbohydrate</span>) เป็นสารชีวโมเลกุลที่สำคัญที่เป็นองค์ประกอบของสิ่งมีชีวิตทุกชนิด คำว่าคาร์โบไฮเดรตมีรากศัพท์มาจากคำว่า <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="คาร์บอน">คาร์บอน</a> (carbon) และคำว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรเจน">ไฮเดรต</a> (hydrate) อิ่มตัวไปด้วยน้ำ ซึ่งรวมกันก็หมายถึงคาร์บอนที่อิมตัวไปด้วยน้ำ เนื่องจากสูตรเคมีอย่างง่ายก็คือ (C•H<sub>2</sub>O) n ซึ่ง n≥3 โดยคาร์โบไฮเดรตจัดเป็นสารประกอบแอลดีไฮด์ (aldehyde) หรือคีโทน (ketone) ที่มีหมู่ไฮดรอกซิล (hydroxyl group, -OH) เกาะอยู่เป็นจำนวนมาก จึงเรียกว่า สารประกอบโพลีไฮดรอกซีแอลดีไฮด์ (polyhydroxyaldehyde) หรือ โพลีไฮดรอกซีคีโทน (polyhydroxyketone) ซึ่งการที่มีหมู่ไฮดรอกซิลในโมเลกุลนั้น ทำให้เกิดการวางตัวกัน และยังสามารถทำปฏิกิริยาหรือสร้างพันธะกับสารอื่น ๆได้ ดังนั้น คาร์โบไฮเดรตจึงมีความหลากหลายทั้งในด้านของโครงสร้างทางเคมี และบทบาททางชีวภาพอีกด้วย หน่วยที่เล็กทีสุดของคาร์โบไฮเดรตก็คือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="น้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยว">น้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยว</a>หรือโมโนแซคคาร์ไรด์ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต"><span id=".E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.A0.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.9A.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.AE.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.95"></span>ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ประเภทของคาร์โบไฮเดรต"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>คาร์โบไฮเดรตเป็นสารอาหารหลักซึ่งให้พลังงานเท่ากับ โปรตีน คือ 4 กิโลแคลลอรี่/1 กรัม ประกอบด้วย C คาร์บอน H ไฮโดรเจน และ O ออกซิเจน เป็นอัตราส่วน n:2n:n คาร์โบไฮเดรต แบ่งออกเป็น 3 อย่าง คือ </p> <ol><li><b>น้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยว</b> (monosaccharide) ได้แก่ กลูโคส, ฟรุคโตส, กาแลคโตส</li> <li><b>น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่</b> (disaccharides) ได้แก่ มอลโตส, แลคโตส, ซูโครส</li> <li><b>พอลิแซ็คคาไรด์</b> (polysaccharides) ได้แก่ แป้ง, ไกลโคเจน, เซลลูโลส</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่"><span id=".E0.B8.99.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.A1.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.88"></span>น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความหลัก: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่">น้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่</a></div> <p>น้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยวจะรวมตัวเป็นน้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่ด้วย<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="พันธะไกลโคซิดิก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">พันธะไกลโคซิดิก</a> ระหว่าง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ไฮดรอกซิล">หมู่ไฮดรอกซิล</a>ของน้ำตาลตัวหนึ่งกับคาร์บอนของน้ำตาลอีกตัวหนึ่ง ตำแหน่งที่เกิดพันธะไกลโคซิดิกแสดงโดย (1→4) ซึ่งแสดงว่า C1 ของตัวแรกต่อกับ C4 ของน้ำตาลตัวที่สอง </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="พอลีแซคคาไรด์"><span id=".E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.8B.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.8C"></span>พอลีแซคคาไรด์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: พอลีแซคคาไรด์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>เกิดจากการต่อกันของน้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยวจนเป็นสายยาว โพลีแซคคาไรด์แบ่งเป็นสองชนิดคือ โฮโมโพลีแซคคาไรด์ ประกอบด้วยน้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยวชนิดเดียว กับเฮเทอโรโพลีแซคคาไรด์ ประกอบด้วยน้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยวหลายชนิด โพลีแซคคาไรด์ที่สำคัญมีหลายชนิด ได้แก่ </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" class="mw-disambig" title="แป้ง">แป้ง</a> เป็นอาหารสะสมใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เซลล์พืช (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เซลล์พืช</a> ประกอบด้วยโพลีเมอร์ของกลูโคสสองชนิดคือ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="อะไมโลส">อะไมโลส</a> ไม่แตกกิ่ง ต่อด้วย (α1→4) กับ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อะไมโลเพกติน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อะไมโลเพกติน</a> เป็นสายโพลีแซคคาไรค์ที่แตกกิ่ง โดยส่วนที่เป็นเส้นตรงต่อด้วย (α1→4) และส่วนที่แตกกิ่งต่อด้วย (α1→6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ไกลโคเจน">ไกลโคเจน</a> เป็นอาหารสะสมใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="เซลล์สัตว์">เซลล์สัตว์</a> มีโครงสร้างคล้ายอะไมโลเพกตินแต่แตกกิ่งมากกว่า</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA" title="เซลลูโลส">เซลลูโลส</a> เป็นโครงสร้างของเซลล์พืช ลักษณะเป็นโซ่ตรงของกลูโคส ไม่แตกกิ่ง ต่อกันด้วยพันธะ (β1→4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ไคทิน">ไคทิน</a> เป็นโครงสร้างของเซลล์สัตว์ พบในเปลือกหอย กุ้ง ปู เป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โฮโมโพลีแซคคาไรด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โฮโมโพลีแซคคาไรด์</a>ของ <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-acetyl-D-glucosamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">N-acetyl-D-glucosamine</a> ต่อกันด้วยพันธะ β</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99" title="เปบทิโดไกลแคน">เปบทิโดไกลแคน</a> เป็นโครงสร้างของเซลล์แบคทีเรีย ประกอบด้วยโพลีแซคคาไรด์ของ <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-acetylglucosamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-acetylglucosamine (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">N-acetylglucosamine</a> และ N-acetylmuramic acid ต่อกันด้วยพันธะ (β1→4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ไกลโคซามิโนไกลแคน">ไกลโคซามิโนไกลแคน</a> เป็นส่วนประกอบของสารที่อยู่ระหว่างเซลล์สัตว์ ประกอบด้วยโพลีแซคคาไรด์ของน้ำตาลโมเลกุลคู่ซ้ำ ๆ กัน คือ hyaluronic acid (ประกอบด้วย glucoronic acid กับ acetylglucosamine)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด"><span id=".E0.B9.84.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.84.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.94"></span>ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ไกลโคโปรตีนและไกลโคลิพิด"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ไกลโคโปรตีน">ไกลโคโปรตีน</a>เป็นองค์ประกอบหลักของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="โปรตีน">โปรตีน</a>ที่หลั่งออกนอกเซลล์ โดยเป็นโปรตีนที่เชื่อมต่อกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="โอลิโกแซคคาไรด์">โอลิโกแซคคาไรด์</a> (น้ำตาลโมเลกุลเดี่ยวต่อกัน 3 – 5 โมเลกุล) ส่วน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไกลโคลิปิด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไกลโคลิปิด</a>ซึ่งเป็นโพลีแซคคาไรด์ที่จับกับไขมันเป็นองค์ประกอบในเยื่อหุ้มต่าง ๆ ภายในเซลล์ นอกจากนั้น ไกลโคโปรตีนบางชนิด เช่น <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เลกติน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เลกติน</a> (lectin) หรือ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ซีเลกติน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซีเลกติน</a> (selectin) มีบทบาทในการจดจำเซลล์เป้าหมายของเชื้อก่อโรคเช่น ลดมะเร็ง ลกเบาหวาน ลดโรคปัญญ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>{รายการอ้างอิง}} </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/carb_en.htm">Carbohydrates, including interactive models and animations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629185521/http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/carb_en.htm">เก็บถาวร</a> 2013-06-29 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a> (Requires <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdl.com/products/framework/chime/">MDL Chime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320002451/http://www.mdl.com/products/framework/chime/">เก็บถาวร</a> 2006-03-20 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/">IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) : Carbohydrate Nomenclature</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm">Carbohydrates detailed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516074319/http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm">เก็บถาวร</a> 2016-05-16 ที่ Portuguese Web Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biochemweb.org/carbohydrates.shtml">Carbohydrates and Glycosylation - The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050301072700/http://www.biochemweb.org/carbohydrates.shtml">เก็บถาวร</a> 2005-03-01 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.functionalglycomics.org/static/consortium/">Consortium for Functional Glycomics</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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