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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Words from the Yiddish Language used in everyday English</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For English words of Yiddish origin, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Yiddish_origin" title="List of English words of Yiddish origin">List of English words of Yiddish origin</a>.</div> <p><b>Yiddish words used in the English language</b> include both words that have been <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">assimilated</a> into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> – used by both <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and English speakers – and many that have not. An English sentence that uses either may be described by some as <b>Yinglish</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a secondary sense of the term describes the distinctive way certain <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> in English-speaking countries add many Yiddish words into their conversation, beyond general <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_words_and_phrases_used_by_English_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish words and phrases used by English speakers">Yiddish words and phrases used by English speakers</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In this meaning, Yinglish is not the same as <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish_(dialect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivish (dialect)">Yeshivish</a>, which is spoken by many <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jews">Orthodox Jews</a>, though the two share many parallels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yiddish">Yiddish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Yiddish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of these words have not been assimilated into English and are unlikely to be understood by English speakers who do not have substantial Yiddish knowledge. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Rosten" title="Leo Rosten">Leo Rosten</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joys_of_Yiddish" title="The Joys of Yiddish">The Joys of Yiddish</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Joys_of_Yiddish_2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joys_of_Yiddish_2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explains these words (and many more) in detail. </p><p>Primarily Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews will use Yiddish, Hebrew, or Aramaic words while speaking a version of English.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As with Yiddish, Yinglish has no set transliteration standard; as the primary speakers of Yinglish are, by definition, Anglophones (whether first-language or not), Yinglish used in running speech tends to be transliterated using an English-based orthography. This, however, varies, sometimes in the same sentence. For instance, the word פֿאַרקאַקטע may be spelled <i>farkakte</i>, <i>ferkockte</i>, <i>verkackte</i>, among others. In its roots, though, Yiddish (whether used as English slang or not) is fundamentally mediaeval High German; although mediaeval German suffered from the same vagaries in spelling, it later became standardised in Modern High German.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This list shall use the same conventions as Modern High German, with the exception of certain words, the spellings of which have been standardised. Furthermore, common nouns shall be left lowercase, as in English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yinglish">Yinglish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Yinglish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Yinglish</i> words (also referred to colloquially as <i>Hebronics</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologisms</a> created by speakers of <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> in <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="English-speaking countries">English-speaking countries</a>, sometimes to describe things that were uncommon in the old country. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Rosten" title="Leo Rosten">Leo Rosten</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joys_of_Yiddish" title="The Joys of Yiddish">The Joys of Yiddish</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uses the words <i>Yinglish</i> and <i>Ameridish</i> to describe new words, or new meanings of existing Yiddish words, created by English-speaking persons with some knowledge of Yiddish. Rosten defines "Yinglish" as "Yiddish words that are used in colloquial English" (such as <i>kibitzer)</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ameridish as words coined by Jews in the United States;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his use, however, is sometimes inconsistent. According to his definition on page x, <i>alrightnik</i> is an Ameridish word; however, on page 12 it is identified as Yinglish. </p><p>While "Yinglish" is generally restricted in definition to the adaptation of Yiddish lemmas to English grammar by Jews, its usage is not explicitly restricted to Jews. This is especially true in areas where Jews are highly concentrated, but in constant interaction with their <a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a> fellows, esp. in the larger urban areas of North America. In such circumstances, it would not be unusual to hear, for example, a Gentile griping about having "shlepped" a package across town.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The portmanteau word <i>Yinglish</i> is first recorded in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar colloquial portmanteau words for Yiddish influenced English include: <i>Yidlish</i> (recorded from 1967), <i>Yiddiglish</i> (1980), and <i>Yenglish</i> (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of other terms have been promulgated, such as <i>Engdish</i> and <i>Engliddish</i>, but these have not enjoyed widespread adoption.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yinglish was formerly assigned the <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> code <code>yib</code>, but it was retired on July 18, 2007, on the grounds that it is entirely intelligible with English.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A">A <span class="anchor" id="Awords"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;"><span id="tocheading" style="font-weight:bold;">Contents: </span></div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="#See_also">See also</a></li> <li><a href="#References">References</a></li> <li><a href="#External_links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <ul><li><b>aidim</b> (Yid. איידעם): son-in-law, from middle-high-German <i>eidam</i></li> <li><b>a schande</b> (Yid. אַ שאַנדע): a disgrace; one who brings embarrassment through mere association, cf. German <i>eine Schande</i>, translated "a disgrace", meaning "such a shame"</li> <li><b>a schande far di goyim</b> (Yid. אַ שאַנדע פֿאַר די גוים): "A disgrace before (in front of) the Gentiles", used as a Jewish insult against Jews who are perceived to <a href="/wiki/Race_traitor#Jews" title="Race traitor">further antisemitic stereotypes</a>. Also spelled in varied phonetic and Germanic ways as "a shanda fur di goyim," "a schande fur die goyim," and so forth. Sometimes partially mistranslated as "a shande for the goyim," though <i>far</i> here means before and not for.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>ay-ay-ay</b> (Yid. אײַ־אײַ־אײַ) (sometimes spelled <i>ai-yi-yi</i>; spoken "ei, yei, yei")<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (November 2023)">disputed</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yiddish_words_used_in_English" title="Talk:Yiddish words used in English">discuss</a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>abi gezunt!</b> (Yid. אַבי געזונט): the first word is Slavic: compare Ukrainian <i>aby</i> (аби), Belarusian <i>aby</i> (абы) and Polish <i>oby</i>, both meaning "if only", "hopefully". The second word is Germanic, cognate to High German <i>gesund.</i> The phrase thus means "As long as you're healthy!"; often used as an ironic punchline to a joke</li> <li><b>abi me lebt</b> (Yid. אַבי מע לעבט): <i>abi</i> from Slavic, as in the previous entry; <i>me lebt</i> cognate to the German, <i>man lebt,</i> meaning "At least I'm alive"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="B"><span class="anchor" id="Bwords"></span>B</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>billig</b> or <b>billik</b> (Yid. ביליק): cheap, shoddy (said of merchandise); common expression "Billig is Teir" (cheap is expensive). As the German <i>billig</i>, "cheap."</li> <li><b>bissel</b> (Yid. ביסל): a small amount, "a pinch of" something (cf. <a href="/wiki/Austrian_German" title="Austrian German">Austrian</a>/Bavarian <i>bissl</i>, a dialectal variant of the more standard German <i>bisschen</i>, "a little bit")</li> <li><b>bentsch/bentsching</b> (Yid. בֶּענְטְשֶׁן‬‎): to bless, blessing; commonly referred to saying <b><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Birkat Hamazon</a></b> (grace after meals) or when lighting <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_candles" title="Shabbat candles">shabbat candles</a> (bentsch-light), from Latin, "benedicere", (to bless).<sup id="cite_ref-DJW_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJW-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><b>bentcher</b> a booklet with Birkat Hamazon and other prayers and songs associated with meal.<sup id="cite_ref-DJW_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJW-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>bubbameisse</b> (Yid. בובמייסס): Old wives' tale, cock and bull story (often attributed by erroneous folk etymology to combination of <i>bubbe</i>, "grandmother", and <i>meisse</i>, "tale", but in fact derives from "<i>Bove-meisse</i>", from the "Bove Bukh", the "Book of Bove", the chivalric adventures of fictitious knight <a href="/wiki/Bevis_of_Hampton" title="Bevis of Hampton">Sir Bevys ("Bove") of Hampton</a>, first published in Yiddish in 1541 and continually republished until 1910.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C"><span class="anchor" id="Cwords"></span>C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>chazerei/chazerai/chozerai</b> (Yiddish, חזירײַ <i>khazerai</i> "filth" or, perhaps more literally, "piggery", from חזיר <i>khazer</i> "pig" from Hebrew <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חזיר</span>‎ "hazeer", pig): junk, garbage, junk food<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hiddush" title="Hiddush">hiddush</a>/chidush/chiddush</b>: (from Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חדש</span>‎ <i>hadash</i>, meaning "new") the point, upshot, or reason, of a discussion or argument; the conclusion drawn from two or more premises; more generally, innovation. For example: "I don't get it, what's the chidush?" Also used when you are making fun of someone for something entirely obvious. "Chidush! Chidush!"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="E"><span class="anchor" id="Ewords"></span>E</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>ekht</b> (Yid. עכט): real, true (from German <i>echt</i>, "real")</li> <li><b>emes</b> (Yid. אמת): the truth. From Hebrew אמת <i>emet</i>, "truth."</li> <li><b>eppes</b> (Yid. עפּעס) a little, not much, something. Probably from <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>eddeshwaz</i>, with the eventual /-tw-/ assimilating into /-p-/. Compare modern Swiss German and Bavarian dialects which have a rough equivalent</li> <li><b>ess</b> (Yid. עס; <i>"Iss!"</i> German imperative for "Eat!"): to eat, especially used in the imperative: <i>Ess! Ess!</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="F"><span class="anchor" id="Fwords"></span>F</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: F"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>fachnyok</b> (Yid. פֿכניאָק): negative term meaning very religious, often used to connote someone holier-than-thou. Can be shortened to "chenyok", or used as a noun ("don't be such a chenyok") or an adjective ("you're so chnyokish"). Possibly derived from Russian хныка (<i>khnyka</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>farblunjet</b> (Yid. פֿאַרבלאָנדזשעט): confused, perplexed, totally lost</li> <li><b>farkakte</b> (Yid. פֿאַרקאַקטע‎): screwed up, contemptible; literally "<a href="/wiki/Shit" title="Shit">shat</a> upon" (see <i>verkackte</i>)</li> <li><b>farklemt</b> (Yid. פֿאַרקלעמט): choked up (with emotion) (cf. German <i>verklemmt</i>)</li> <li><b>farmisht</b> (Yid. פֿאַרמישט): confused (cf. German vermischt = intermingled, mixed)</li> <li><b>farshtunken</b>: contemptible, nasty (cf. German <i>verstunken</i>)</li> <li><b>feh</b> (Yid. פֿע‎): expression of disgust</li> <li><b>feygele</b> or <b>faygeleh</b> (Yid. פֿייגעלע‎): (pejorative) <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> (literally 'little bird', from <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>fogal</i>; cf. modern German <i>Vögele</i>, also possible cf. German word <i>Feigling</i>, meaning 'coward'), could be used for anyone slightly effeminate, "Ugh, that, Moishele washes his hands, what a faygel." Often used as a disparaging term for a homosexual male.</li> <li><b>fress</b> (Yid. פֿרעסן): to eat, especially with enthusiasm (German <i>fressen</i> = "to eat like an animal, in an untidy way")</li> <li><b>frimmer</b> (Yid. פֿרומר): (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>): a <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidic Jew">Hasidic Jew</a> (from Yiddish "frum", religious; also cf. German "Frommer" = pious person)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="G"><span class="anchor" id="Gwords"></span>G</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: G"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>gantz</b>; <b>gantze</b> (Yid. גאַנץ): all, the whole of ("the ganze mischpache" = the whole family, etc., cf. German <i>ganz</i> = "whole, all")</li> <li><b>gei gesund</b> (Yid. גיי געזונט <i>gey gezunt</i>): (from German) go in health; used as a goodbye. Repeated in reply. Usually neutral, but can be used sarcastically to mean "good riddance".</li> <li><b>gei avek</b> (Yid. גיי אַוועק): go away, from German.</li> <li><b>gei shlofen</b> (Yid. גיי שלופֿן): (from German <i>Geh schlafen</i>) go [to] sleep.</li> <li><b>gehivays</b> (Yid. גיי ווייס): literally "go know", as in "go figure". ("Last week she said she hated his guts and now she's engaged to him. Geh vays.")</li> <li><b>genug</b> (from German <i>genug</i>; Yiddish גענוג): enough</li> <li><b>geschmad, geschmadde</b> (Yid. געשמד, from Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">משמד</span>‎ <i>meshumad</i>, "destroyed"): adjective meaning "(a Jew who) converted to Christianity".</li> <li><b>gewalt</b> (Yid. געוואלד; from German <i>Gewalt</i>, violence): equivalent to "oi, weh" or "good grief!" Literally "violence".</li> <li><b>glück</b> (Yid. גליק, German): a piece of good luck</li> <li><b>gonef</b> or <b>gonif</b> (Yid. גנבֿ, also <i>ganiv</i>): thief (Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">גנב</span>‎ <i>ganav</i>. This can be used as a somewhat generic insult, implying a "lowlife"): the word has also been adopted from Yiddish into German as <i>Ganove</i>, also a thief (often figurative)</li> <li><b>gornisht</b> (Yid. גאָרנישט, from German <i>gar nichts</i> = nothing at all): nothing, not a bit, for naught</li> <li><b>goyisher mazel</b> (Yid. גוייִשר מזל): good luck (lit. "Gentile luck"). <i>Mazel</i> is from Hebrew מזל <i>mazzal</i>, referring to luck or fate.</li> <li><b>graube</b> (Yid. גרויב): (from German <i>grobe</i>, rough) coarsely or crudely made.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="H"><span class="anchor" id="Hwords"></span>H</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>hegdesch</b> (Yid. העגדעש): pigpen, often used to describe a mess (as in "your room is a hegdesch")</li> <li><b>hock</b> (Yid. האַק): Bother, pester (as in the character Major Hochstetter from <i><a href="/wiki/Hogan%27s_Heroes" title="Hogan's Heroes">Hogan's Heroes</a></i>; a hockstetter being someone who constantly bothers you); a contraction of the idiom <i><a href="/wiki/Hakn_a_tshaynik" title="Hakn a tshaynik">Hakn a tshaynik</a></i> (literally "to knock a <a href="/wiki/Teakettle" class="mw-redirect" title="Teakettle">teakettle</a>"; Yiddish: האַקן אַ טשײַניק), from the old time pre-whistle teakettles whose tops clank against the rim as the pressure pushed them up and down. Often <a href="/wiki/Code-mixing" title="Code-mixing">partially translated</a> in informal speech, as in, "Don't hock my tshaynik about it!" ("Don't pester me about it!")<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quinion4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinion4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>hocker</b> (Yid. האַקר): botherer, pesterer (see above)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="K"><span class="anchor" id="Kwords"></span>K</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>kadoches</b> (Yid. קדחת): a fever; frequently occurs in oaths of ill-will (e.g., "I'll give him a <i>kadoches</i> is what I'll give him!). From Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">קדחת</span>‎ <i>kedachat</i>.</li> <li><b>keppalah</b> (Yid. קאפעלע): forehead, diminutive of <i>keppe</i>.</li> <li><b>keppe</b> (Yid. קאָפּ): head (e.g. "I needed that like a loch in keppe", i.e. a hole in my head); German "Kopf", coll. "Kopp": "head"; German "Loch": "hole".</li> <li><b>keyn ayn horeh</b> (Yid. קיינ יינ-אָרע; also pronounced: kin ahurrah): lit., "No <a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">evil eye</a>!"; German <i>kein</i>: none; Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">עין</span>‎ <i>ayn</i>—eye, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">הרע</span>‎ <i>harrah</i>—bad, evil; an <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">apotropaic formula</a> spoken to avert the curse of jealousy after something or someone has been praised</li> <li><b>khaloymes</b> (Yid. כאָלעם): dreams, fantasies; used in the sense of "wild dreams" or "wishful thinking", as in "Ah, boy, that's just khaloymes, it'll never come true." From the Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חלום</span>‎ <i>khalom</i> (dream), pl. <i>khalomot</i>.</li> <li><b>kife</b> or <b>kyfe</b> (Yid. קייפ): enjoyment. From Arabo-Persian <i>keyf</i> 'opiate; intoxication; pleasure, enjoyment'.</li> <li><b>klop</b> (Yid. קלאַפּ): a loud bang or wallop (German <i>klopfen</i> = "to knock")</li> <li><b>klumnik</b> (Yid. קלומניק): empty person, a good-for-nothing (From Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">כלום</span>‎ <i>klum</i>, nothing.)</li> <li><b>krankhayt</b> (Yid. קראַנקהייַט): a sickness (German <i>Krankheit</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L"><span class="anchor" id="Lwords"></span>L</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>l'ch'oira</b>: (Yid. לכוירה) "seemingly". From Hebrew לכאורה <i>lichora</i>. Ultimately from אור <i>or</i>, "light", as light is being shed on what has happened.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>lobbus</b>: a rascal, or young mischievous person. From לאָבעס lobes, לאָבוס lobus 'urchin, young rascal'.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>luzim</b> (Yid. לאָזן): let it go, forget about it, from <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>lazan</i>, "let, allow". Famously used by the "<a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Blazing_Saddles" title="Blazing Saddles">Blazing Saddles</a></i>, where <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> says <i>luzim gayen</i> (לאָזן גיין), "let him go."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M"><span class="anchor" id="Mwords"></span>M</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: M"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>maiseh</b> (Yid. <span title="Yiddish-language text"><span lang="yi" dir="rtl">מעשׂה</span></span>): lit. "deed, occurrence", a story or vignette about a person or event, (Heb. <i>ma'aseh</i> (same meaning as in Yiddish, though infrequently used). A small problem that blew up into a big story would be called a "ganze maiseh". Also famous in the phrase a "bubbe maiseh", the equivalent of the English idiom "an old wives' tale".</li> <li><b>mamish</b> (Yid. ממש): really, very (an expression of emphasis) From the Hebrew ממש (<i>mamash</i>), "substantially"</li> <li><b>maydl</b> (Yid. מײדל): Girl, young woman, from Austrian <i>Maedel</i>. "That's a shayne (pretty) Maydl."</li> <li><b>mazel</b> (from Hebrew מזל <i>mazal</i>): luck (literally, <i>constellation</i> of stars)</li> <li><b>mechaye</b> (Yid. מחיה): a source of pleasure (from the Hebrew חיים "chayim", meaning "life")</li> <li><b>mechutanista</b> (f), <b><a href="/wiki/Yichus#Mechutan" title="Yichus">mechutan</a></b> (m), <b>mechutanim</b> (pl), <b>Machtainista</b> (f):<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kinship_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinship term">kinship term</a> for one's child's female or male parent-in-law (Yid. מעחוטאַניסטאַ, from Hebrew מחותן <i>mekhután</i>, "belonging to the groom").</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Meh" title="Meh">meh</a></b>, <b>mnyeh</b>: an expression of indifference or boredom</li> <li><b>meiven</b> (a variant of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maven" class="extiw" title="wikt:maven"><b>maven</b></a>): expert (from Yiddish מבֿין <i>meyvn</i>, from Hebrew <i>mevin</i> 'one who understands')</li> <li><b>mishegoss</b>: a crazy, mixed up, insane situation; irrationality (from Yiddish משוגעת <i>meshugas</i>, from <i>meshuge</i> 'crazy')</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="N"><span class="anchor" id="Nwords"></span>N</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: N"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>nasherai</b> (Yid. נאַשערײַ): snack food (German <i>naschen</i>—to snack, cf. German <i>Nascherei</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="O"><span class="anchor" id="Owords"></span>O</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: O"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>oytzer</b> (Yid. ויצער <i>oitser</i>): sweetheart, dear (from Hebrew אוֹצָר <i>otsar</i>, "treasure")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="P"><span class="anchor" id="Pwords"></span>P</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>pulke</b> (Yid. פולקע): thigh, particularly fat ones on babies. From Russian пол (<i>pol</i>), "half."</li> <li><b>punkt farkert</b> (Yid. פונקט פארקערט) : just the opposite, total disagreement. German: <i>punkt verkehrt</i>; lit "point/precisely false/backward" = wrong.</li> <li><b>pupik</b> (Yid. פּופּיק): the navel; belly button (Polish <i>pępek</i>, navel) (<a href="/wiki/You_Nazty_Spy!#Production_notes" title="You Nazty Spy!">used</a> by American comedian <a href="/wiki/Moe_Howard" title="Moe Howard">Moe Howard</a> in the short subject film <i><a href="/wiki/You_Nazty_Spy!" title="You Nazty Spy!">You Nazty Spy!</a></i> from 1940)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="S"><span class="anchor" id="Swords"></span>S</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>schicker</b> (Yid. שיכור <i>shikhur</i>) or <b>schickered</b>: drunk, intoxicated (from the Hebrew שיכור <i>shikor</i>: drunk, cf. German [coll.] <i>angeschickert</i> "soused, tipsy")</li> <li><b>schissel</b> or <b>shisl</b> (Yid. שיסל): bowl, especially a large mixing bowl (from German <i>Schüssel</i>, bowl)</li> <li><b>schlepper</b>: bum (Yiddish שלעפּר <i>shlepr</i> and German <i>schleppen</i>)</li> <li><b>schmeckle</b> (Yid. שמעקל): a little penis, often ascribed to a baby boy. Diminutive of שמאָק <i>shmok</i>, "penis."</li> <li><b>schmeer</b> (Yid. שמיר) also <b><a href="/wiki/Schmear" title="Schmear">schmear</a></b>: as a verb, to spread, e.g., the cream cheese on your bagel; also, as a noun, that which you spread on something, e.g., "I'll have a piece of challah with a schmeer." Can also mean "to bribe" (to spread money on someone's hands). (cf. German <i>schmieren</i>)</li> <li><b>schrai</b> (Yid. שרײ): a shriek or wail, sometimes used to connote exaggerated hysterics. ("When I told her I'd be ten minutes late, she let out such a shrai!") (cf. German <i>Schrei</i>)</li> <li><b>schtick'l</b>: a little piece of something, usually food. Dim. of stick, from German <i>Stückchen</i>. In "delis", salami ends were sold from a plate on the counter labeled "A nickel a schtickel"</li> <li><b>schtupp</b>, <b>schtuff</b>: (vulgar) to have sex with, screw (from Yiddish שטופּן <i>shtupn</i> 'push, poke'; similar to 'stuff'); to fill, as in to fill someone's pocket with money. ("Schtupp him $50.") Frequently used in the former context by <a href="/wiki/Triumph_the_Insult_Comic_Dog" title="Triumph the Insult Comic Dog">Triumph the Insult Comic Dog</a>. In German 'stopfen' means to (overly) fill or to stuff something.</li> <li><b>schverr</b> (Yid. שװער): father-in-law (German <i>Schwager</i>, obsolete form "Schwäher")</li> <li><b>schvigger</b> (Yid. שװיגער): mother-in-law (German <i>Schwiegermutter</i>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shabbos_goy" title="Shabbos goy">Shabbos goy</a></b>: A non-Jew who performs labour forbidden on the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Sabbath</a> for observant Jews; sometimes used (by implication) for someone who "does the dirty work" for another person. (from Yiddish שבת <i>Shabbos,</i> <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a> and גױ <a href="/wiki/Goy" title="Goy">goy</a>, a non-Jew)</li> <li><b>shep naches</b> (Yid. שעפּ נחת‎): take pride. Sometimes shortened to "shep". ("Your son got into medical school? You must be shepping.") From שעפּן (<i>shepn</i>), "derive", from Old High German <i>scaphan</i>; and Hebrew נחת‎ <i>nachat</i>, "contentment."</li> <li><b>sheyne meydel</b> (Yid. שײנע מײדל): a beautiful girl (cf. German <i>schönes Mädel</i>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">Shiva</a></b> (Yid. שבעה‎ <i>shive</i>): The mourning of seven days after one dies by his family. From Hebrew שבעה‎ <i>shiv'a</i>, "seven".</li> <li><b>shmegege</b> (Yid. שמעגעגע): a stupid person, a truly unlucky one; has been said to be the one who cleans up the soup the shlemiel spilled on the shlimazel.</li> <li><b>shpilkes</b> (Yid. שפּילקעס): nervous energy; to be feeling "antsy", to be "sitting on pins and needles". Cf. Polish <i>szpilka</i>, "pin"</li> <li><b>shtark</b> (Yid. שטאַרק), <b>shtarker</b>: strong, brave (German <i>stark</i>), zealously religious</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shtick" title="Shtick">shtick</a></b>: comic theme; a defining habit or distinguishing feature (from Yiddish שטיק <i>shtik</i>, 'a piece of something': cf. German <i>Stück</i>, "piece").</li> <li><b>shtotty</b> (Yid. שטאָטי): fancy or elegant; may sometimes be pejorative ("She thinks she's so shtotty with that new dress of hers.")</li> <li><b>shtuch</b> (Yid. שטוך): to put someone down, often facetiously ("I shtuched him out." Can be used as a noun to refer to a clever put-down or rejoinder ("When I told my father that my stupidity must be hereditary, it was such a good shtuch!")</li> <li><b>shtick dreck</b> (Yid. שטיק דרעק): literally "a piece of dirt" (see Dreck), but usually applied to a person who is hated because of the antisocial things he has done: "He's a real shtuck dreck." Possibly shtick dreck: a piece of crap. Cf. German <i>Stück Dreck</i>.</li> <li><b>shtuss</b> (Yid. שטות): nonsense, foolishness (from Hebrew שטות <i>shetut</i>, pl. <i>shetuyot</i>); also the name of a card game. In German, 'Stuss' means nonsense.</li> <li><b>shvartzer</b>: (שװאַרצער): <a href="/wiki/Black_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Black person">Black person</a> (either neutral or possibly derogatory depending on context) (from שװאַרץ <i>shvarts</i> "black", German <i>schwarz</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="T"><span class="anchor" id="Twords"></span>T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>takeh</b> (Yid. טאַקע): really, totally. "This is takeh a problem!" From Russian/Ukrainian таки (<i>taki</i>), "still, after all, in spite of."</li> <li><b>tchepen sikh</b> (טשעפּענ זיך <i>tshepen zikh</i>): to bother someone incessantly ("Stop tcheppening me!") or to playfully banter with someone ("We spent the entire date tcheppening each other about what bad taste the other one had.") From Polish <i>czepiać sie</i>, "cling to, find fault with."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>tornig</b> (Yid. טורניג): a disobedient nephew</li> <li><b>tsim gezunt</b> (Yid. צים געזונט): to [your] health! Used as a response to a sneeze; from German <i>gesund</i>, "healthy")</li> <li><b>Tsekruchen</b>(a):to be bent over, to be dejected. "Don't be so Tsekruchen all the time, lighten up a bit"</li> <li><b>tummel</b> (Yid. טאַמעל): excitement (cf. German <i>tummeln</i>, "to romp")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U"><span class="anchor" id="Uwords"></span>U</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: U"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>ungershpart</b> (Yid. ייַנגעשפּאַרט <i>ayngeshpart</i>): stubborn. Derived from ייִנגער‎ (<i>yinger</i>, "younger"), from Old High German <i>junc</i> ("young"), and from שפּאַרט (<i>shfart</i>, "smart", as in "hurt").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V"><span class="anchor" id="Vwords"></span>V</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>verblandzhet</b> (Yid. פֿאַרבלאָנדזשעט; <i>far-</i> cf. German <i>ver-</i> and Polish <i>błądzić</i> = "to stray around"): lost, bewildered, confused, mixed-up (appropriately, there are several variant spellings)</li> <li><b>verdreyt</b> (Yid. פֿאַרדרײט; <i>drey</i> meaning <i>turn</i>, cf. <a href="/wiki/Dreidel" title="Dreidel">dreidel</a>; also cf. German <i>verdreht</i> = "twisted"): confused, mixed-up, distracted</li> <li><b>verfrumt</b> (Yid. פֿאַרפֿרומט): negative term for someone very religious or pious. "She came back from seminary and became all farfrumt." From Old High German <i>fruma</i>, cognate to German <i>fromm</i>.</li> <li><b>vershimmelt</b> (Yid. פֿאַרשימלט <i>farshmilt</i>): shook up, rattled, in a state of nerves. "She wasn't hurt in the accident, but she was pretty farshimmelt". (cf. German <i>verschimmelt</i> = mouldy)</li> <li><b>verkakte</b> (Yid. פֿאַרקאַקטע): an adjective, meaning 'screwed up' or 'a bad idea'; literally, 'crapped' or 'becrapped', cf. German "verkackte(r)"</li> <li><b>vershtuft</b> (Yid. פֿאַרשטופֿט <i>farshtuft</i>): (pejorative) pregnant, recently had sex, constipated. (stuffed) (cf. German "verstopft"= blocked)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="W"><span class="anchor" id="Wwords"></span>W</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: W"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>wilde chaya</b> (Yid. װילדע חיה <i>vilde chaye</i>): impolite or undisciplined child, literally, wild beast. From Old High German <i>wildi</i> and Hebrew חייה (<i>ḥaye</i>, "animal").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Y"><span class="anchor" id="Ywords"></span>Y</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Y"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Yiddishe Mama</b> (Yid. ייִדישע מאַמאַ): a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_mother_stereotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish mother stereotype">stereotypical Jewish mother</a></li> <li><span id="Yiddish_cup"><b>Yiddisher kop</b></span> (Yid. ייִדישער קאָפּ): intelligence (lit. "Jewish head"; German "Jüdischer Kopf": Jewish head)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>yiddisher mazel</b> (Yid. ייִדישער מזל): bad luck (lit. "Jewish luck") From Hebrew מזל <i>mazal</i>, "constellation".</li> <li><b>yungatch</b> (Yid. יונגאַטש <i>yungatsh</i>): a rascal. From יונג <i>yung</i> (OHG <i>junc</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Z"><span class="anchor" id="Zwords"></span>Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>zach</b> (Yid. זאַך): thing or item. When used with "ganzte" (גאַנץע), can refer to an event or story, e.g. "The ganzte zach only took two hours." The "whole thing" only took two hours (Old High German <i>sahha</i>; cf. German <i>Sache</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yinglish_words">Yinglish words</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Yinglish words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Joys of Yiddish</i> describes the following words as Yinglish except where noted as Ameridish:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>alrightnik</b>, <b>alrightnikeh</b>, <b>alrightnitseh</b> – male, female, female individual who has been successful; <i>nouveau riche</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>bleib shver</b>  – from German <i>bleibt schwer</i>, meaning <i>remains difficult</i> – unresolved problem, especially in <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> learning (cf. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95" class="extiw" title="wikt:תיקו">wikt:תיקו</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">blintz</a></b> (Yinglish because the true Yiddish is <i>blintzeh</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>bluffer</b>, <b>blufferkeh</b> – male, female person who bluffs<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>boarderkeh</b>, <b>bordekeh</b> – (Ameridish) female paying boarder<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>boychick</b>, <b>boychikel</b>, <b>boychiklekh</b> – young boy, kiddo, handsome<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>bulbenik</b> (Ameridish) – an actor who muffs his lines, from <i>bilbul</i> – mixup (alternative theory – <i>bulba</i>, literally <i>potato</i>, figuratively <i>error</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>bummerkeh</b> (Ameridish) – a female bum</li> <li><b>chutzpah</b> (Ameridish) – audacity</li> <li><b>cockamamy</b> false, ersatz, crazy (of an idea), artificial, jury-rigged (prob. from Eng. "decalcomania," a "decal," a sticker, a cheap process for transferring images from paper to glass.) In the Bronx, in the first half of the 20th century, a "cockamamie" was a washable temporary "tattoo" distributed in bubblegum packets.</li> <li><b>donstairsikeh</b>, <b>donstairsiker</b> – female, male living downstairs</li> <li><b>dresske</b> – bargain-basement dress</li> <li><b>fin</b> – five, or <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">five-dollar bill</a>, shortened form of Yiddish פינף <i>finif</i> (five)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a></b> – Yinglish, not in its religious or Yiddish meanings, but only in five slang senses: authentic, trustworthy, legitimate, fair, and approved by a higher source. Its pronunciation, as "<i>kōsher</i>", is another distinguishing factor, as in true Yiddish it is pronounced "<i>kūsher</i>" or "<i>kösher</i>"</li> <li><b>mensch</b> – a person of uncommon maturity and decency</li> <li><b>nextdoorekeh</b>, <b>nextdooreker</b> – female, male living next door</li> <li><b>opstairsikeh</b>, <b>opstairsiker</b> (Ameridish) – female, male living upstairs</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pisha_paysha" title="Pisha paysha">pisha paysha</a></b> – corruption of English card game "Pitch and <a href="/wiki/Patience_(game)" title="Patience (game)">Patience</a>"</li> <li><b>sharopnikel</b> (Ameridish) – a small object that causes quieting, such as a <a href="/wiki/Pacifier" title="Pacifier">pacifier</a>, teething ring, cf. <i>shaddap</i> (shut up!)</li> <li><b>shmata</b> – everyday clothing (literally "rags")</li> <li><b>shmegegge</b> (Ameridish) – an unadmirable or untalented person</li> <li><b>shmo</b> – shortened version of 'shmock' or 'shmearal', see 'shnuk'</li> <li><b>shnuk</b> (Ameridish) – an idiotic person</li> <li><b>tararam</b> – a big <b>tummel</b></li> <li><b>tuchas</b> – <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hebrew_origin" title="List of English words of Hebrew origin">List of English words of Hebrew origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_expressions_in_English" title="List of German expressions in English">List of German expressions in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Yiddish_origin" title="List of English words of Yiddish origin">List of English words of Yiddish origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_by_country_or_language_of_origin" title="Lists of English words by country or language of origin">Lists of English words by country or language of origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_Lexicon" title="Jewish English Lexicon">Jewish English Lexicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Yinglish">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Yinglish"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Yinglish%22&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FYinglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joys_of_Yiddish_2001-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joys_of_Yiddish_2001_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRostenBush2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Rosten" title="Leo Rosten">Rosten, Leo</a>; Bush, Lawrence (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newjoysofyiddish00rost"><i>The New Joys of Yiddish</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). 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Accessed 2009-08-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/culture/112432/before-madoff-or-the-goyim-a-shande/">Before Madoff, or the Goyim, a Shande</a>, Philologos, <i>The Forward</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosten, op. cit., p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DJW-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DJW_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJW_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joyce Eisenberg, Ellen Scolnic, <i>Dictionary of Jewish Words: A JPS Guide</i>, 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wu86sK4ZqlgC&pg=PA17">p. 17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Dictionary of Jewish Words: A JPS Guide<i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wu86sK4ZqlgC&pg=PA26">p. 26</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/culture/13873/the-meaning-of-khnyok-02266/">"The Meaning of Khnyok"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Don%27t+hock+my+chinik&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fjudaism%2Fjewish-words%2Fdont-hock-my-chinik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quinion4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quinion4_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinion2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Quinion" title="Michael Quinion">Quinion, Michael</a> (4 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/nl/rwcg.htm">"WORLD WIDE WORDS NEWSLETTER"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WORLD+WIDE+WORDS+NEWSLETTER&rft.date=2014-01-04&rft.aulast=Quinion&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwidewords.org%2Fnl%2Frwcg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jel.jewish-languages.org/words/1769">"Lechoira- Jewish English Lexicon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lechoira-+Jewish+English+Lexicon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjel.jewish-languages.org%2Fwords%2F1769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-languages.org/jewish-english-lexicon/words/1745">"Lobbus- Jewish English Lexicon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lobbus-+Jewish+English+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewish-languages.org%2Fjewish-english-lexicon%2Fwords%2F1745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishjournal.com/tag/steve-allen/">"Steve allen Archives"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+allen+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishjournal.com%2Ftag%2Fsteve-allen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/kosheroc/docs/2015-10-kosheroc">"Kosher OC Magazine"</a>. October 2015. <q>Machtainista – Yiddish .. united through marriage</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosher+OC+Magazine&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fkosheroc%2Fdocs%2F2015-10-kosheroc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mummeloohshen.wordpress.com/the-slav-elements/">"Chap. V the Slav Elements"</a>. 20 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chap.+V+the+Slav+Elements&rft.date=2012-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmummeloohshen.wordpress.com%2Fthe-slav-elements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen2006" class="citation web cs1">Ben (2006-01-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://positiveanymore.blogspot.com/2006/01/yiddish-cup-found.html">"Yiddish Cup: Found!"</a>. Positiveanymore.blogspot.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yiddish+Cup%3A+Found%21&rft.pub=Positiveanymore.blogspot.com&rft.date=2006-01-17&rft.au=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpositiveanymore.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F01%2Fyiddish-cup-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosten1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Rosten" title="Leo Rosten">Rosten, Leo</a> (1970) [1968]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joys_of_Yiddish" title="The Joys of Yiddish">The Joys of Yiddish</a></i>. Pocket Books/Washington Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-72813-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-72813-X"><bdi>0-671-72813-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Joys+of+Yiddish&rft.pub=Pocket+Books%2FWashington+Square+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-671-72813-X&rft.aulast=Rosten&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYiddish+words+used+in+English" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosten1970">Rosten (1970)</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosten1970">Rosten (1970)</a>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosten1970">Rosten (1970)</a>, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosten1970">Rosten (1970)</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosten1970">Rosten (1970)</a>, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosten1970">Rosten (1970)</a>, p. 56</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_words_used_in_English&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-languages.org/yiddish.html">Jewish Language Research Website: Yiddish</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yiddishdictionaryonline.com/">On-line Yiddish dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/projects/digital/lcaaj/">The Spoken Yiddish Language Project (Columbia University)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Glossary/Yiddish_Words/yiddish_words.html">A nice list of choice Yiddish/Ameridish words</a></li> <li>Bennett Muraskin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishcurrents.org/you-know-more-yiddish-than-you-think/">You Know More Yiddish Than You Think</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Currents" title="Jewish Currents">Jewish Currents</a></i>, December 10, 2014</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reading traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hebrew" title="Italian Hebrew">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judaeo-Aramaic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Targum_(Aramaic_dialects)" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic">Babylonian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Jewish Palestinian Aramaic</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Barzani" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Hulaulá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Zakho" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho">Lishana Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Urmia" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia">Lishán Didán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Lishanid Noshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Betanure" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure">Betanure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic" title="Judeo-Arabic">Judaeo-Arabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Algerian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Algerian Arabic">Judaeo-Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Egyptian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Egyptian Arabic">Judaeo-Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fessi_dialect#Jewish_Fessi_dialect" title="Fessi dialect">Judaeo-Fessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Judaeo-Iraqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Judaeo-Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judaeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Palestinian_Judeo-Arabic" title="Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic">Judaeo-Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judaeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Syrian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Syrian Arabic">Judaeo-Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judaeo-Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judaeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Semitic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Semitic languages">Ethiosemitic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayla</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwara</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judaeo-Berber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">dialects</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Argot" class="mw-redirect" title="Argot">argots</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Yiddish">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galitzish" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzish">Galitzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Yiddish">Litvish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poylish" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylish">Poylish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">Ukrainish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurtish" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurtish">Udmurtish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Klezmer-loshn" title="Klezmer-loshn">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yiddish">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Alsatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Alsatian">Judaeo-Alsatian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Romance_languages" title="Judaeo-Romance languages">Judaeo-Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Judaeo-Catalan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judaeo-Italian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Livornese" title="Judeo-Livornese">Judaeo-Livornese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Mantuan" title="Judeo-Mantuan">Judaeo-Mantuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judaeo-Piedmontese</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Roman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Roman language">Judaeo-Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Latin" title="Judeo-Latin">Judaeo-Latin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judaeo-Provençal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judaeo-Gascon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judaeo-Aragonese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judaeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judaeo-Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Hamedani%E2%80%93Borujerdi" title="Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi">Judaeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Shirazi" title="Judeo-Shirazi">Judaeo-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Dari" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian Dari">Judaeo-Yazdi–Kermani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Kashani" title="Judeo-Kashani">Judaeo-Kashani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Golpaygani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Golpaygani">Judaeo-Golpaygani</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></i>, Pre-1970s <a href="/wiki/Odesan_Russian" title="Odesan Russian">Odesan Russian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judaeo-Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judaeo-Marathi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judaeo-Malayalam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Papiamento" title="Judaeo-Papiamento">Judaeo-Papiamento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese-based Creole</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malay" title="Judeo-Malay">Judaeo-Malay</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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