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searchaux" style="display:none">Scottish writer, milliner and seamstress (1818–1897)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Elizabeth Storie</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1818<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1897 (aged 78–79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Peebles" title="Peebles">Peebles</a>, Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Seamstress" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamstress">Seamstress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milliner" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliner">milliner</a>, writer</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Elizabeth Storie</b> (July 1818 – 1897) was a Scottish writer, <a href="/wiki/Milliner" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliner">milliner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seamstress" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamstress">seamstress</a>. She was a <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> woman from <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> who, through her 1859 autobiography, gave an account of the challenges she faced within medical, legal, and ecclesiastical systems as a disabled woman in early <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> Scotland. </p><p>Her work is noted for providing a rare disabled female working-class account of navigating these institutions and overcoming legal bias to get compensation for medical malpractice. Her hybrid autobiography is unusual in combining personal narrative with various documentation to showcase her efforts to get justice and while challenging societal norms of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_mercury_poisoning">Early life and mercury poisoning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and mercury poisoning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carleton_Burgan_(CP_1659),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(3383372640).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carleton_Burgan_%28CP_1659%29%2C_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_%283383372640%29.jpg/220px-Carleton_Burgan_%28CP_1659%29%2C_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_%283383372640%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carleton_Burgan_%28CP_1659%29%2C_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_%283383372640%29.jpg/330px-Carleton_Burgan_%28CP_1659%29%2C_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_%283383372640%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carleton_Burgan_%28CP_1659%29%2C_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_%283383372640%29.jpg/440px-Carleton_Burgan_%28CP_1659%29%2C_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_%283383372640%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption>There are no known photographs of Elizabeth Storie, but this 1862 photograph of Carleton Burgan shows the results of similar damage to the mouth and face caused by calomel.</figcaption></figure><p>Elizabeth Storie was born in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> in July 1818 to "poor but <i>respectable</i> parents", as she writes in her autobiography:<sup id="cite_ref-Storie1859_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storie1859-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> a cotton weaver and a cotton winder.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she was four she became sick with a disease she describes as "nettle-rush", which children usually recovered from in a few days. However, a neighbour and friend of the family who was a surgeon, Robert Falconer, insisted on treating Storie with daily doses of <a href="/wiki/Calomel" title="Calomel">calomel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Storie1859_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storie1859-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> a common medicine at the time that contained mercury and was a frequent cause of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury poisoning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storie became increasingly ill and after three weeks her face and mouth were black and putrid. Falconer then gave her <a href="/wiki/Aquafortis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquafortis">aquafortis</a>, a form of nitric acid that he forced into her mouth using a syringe. Storie writes that "the agony I suffered from this cruel operation was so dreadful that I did not know what I was doing".<sup id="cite_ref-Storie1859_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storie1859-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> When Falconer repeated this a few minutes later, Storie describes her tongue falling off, her teeth falling out and part of her jaw bone giving way, which left her in chronic pain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Stories consulted another doctor, John Campbell, who concluded this to be a case of medical "neglect." Falconer had prescribed one more powder, which he called a "certain cure." Fortunately, Storie's suspicious parents did not administer it and instead had Drs Lorimer Corbett and James Corkindale analyze it. Both doctors subsequently confirmed the powder contained "a large quantity of arsenic," validating the parents' belief it "was intended to have put an end to […] [her] existence, and thus to have concealed from the world all trace of the bungling and unskillful treatment of a man who had to earn his livelihood by the practice of medicine."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Storie recovered, but her face was permanently disfigured. Her jaw bones had grown soft, and surgery had to be performed to remove part of the bone. On healing the bone stiffened so she could not eat or drink until a small hole was made allowing her to suck food from a tin.<sup id="cite_ref-Storie1859_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storie1859-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p><p>Storie's autobiography does not include a photograph or drawing of her face, but scholars Dana Graham Lai and Holly Faith Nelson argue that the disfigurement was probably similar to the well-documented case of Carleton Burgan, who suffered a similar case of mercury poisoning when he was given calomel to treat an infection in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Storie's father sued Falconer, but although the court ordered the doctor to pay £1000 in compensation, he refused to pay.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storie's father died soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adult_life">Adult life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adult life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Storie was frequently ill and in pain, and had more than twenty surgeries during her lifetime. She and her family fought extended legal battles but never succeeded in receiving compensation for the damages done to her by Falconer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Storie lived with her family, moving to her brother's home after her mother died in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1871 census shows her living independently and having moved to Edinburgh, where she worked as a dressmaker.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Storie died in <a href="/wiki/Peebles" title="Peebles">Peebles</a> in 1897 from influenza and pneumonia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She left what money she had - £39 - to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Edinburgh_Association_for_Incurables" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Edinburgh Association for Incurables">Royal Association of Incurables</a> in Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Autobiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Storie published her autobiography in 1859, when she was forty-one. The title demonstrates the main purpose of the book: to explain the injustice done to her: <i>The Autobiography of Elizabeth Storie, A Native of Glasgow, Who Was Subjected to Much Injustice at the Hands of Some Members of the Medical, Legal, and Clerical Professions.</i> The novel was published by subscription, meaning that money was collected from subscribers to pay for the printing of the book.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> It was very unusual for working-class women to publish their autobiographies in the mid-nineteenth century, and those that were published were, like Storie's, mostly tales of ill treatment that had attracted the support of middle-class patrons.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince" title="Mary Prince">Mary Prince</a>'s dictated autobiography about her life living as a slave is another example, but in general, most working-class writers were men.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storie and Prince's autobiographies fall into the category of "appeal memoirs", a genre also used by middle-class and upper-class women who had been ill-treated.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appeal is clear from the first paragraph of Storie's book:</p><blockquote><p>Having a strong impression that injustice is often done to the poor, and more especially to the women of that class, who are more defenceless, both from their sex, and from the difficulty which poverty combined with it exposes them to, in obtaining the help of those who are their natural protectors, I have been induced to publish a statement of the wrongs and trials I have been subjected to, in the hope of encouraging those who may be similarly afflicted to put their trust in God, as they too often will find that "vain is the help of man". The facts which will be brought to light may also serve to warn those in high power of the danger of doing injustice or injury to any, trusting that through the insignificance of their victims the world may never know how much they have made others to suffer. <sup id="cite_ref-Storie1859_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storie1859-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The autobiography combines Storie's own narration with documentary evidence including court transcripts and letters from doctors and others certifying facts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a common strategy for autobiographies at the time, and was used by women to legitimize their stories.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The autobiography also draws upon the genres of <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a> in its detailed descriptions of surgeries and abuse, and <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_autobiography" title="Spiritual autobiography">spiritual autobiography</a> in Storie's description of her journey from being a sinner to a devoted member of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary scholars Lai and Nelson argue that this genre fusion allows Storie to destabilise "those that tend to represent the dis/abled in a static way", for instance featuring "the narrative trajectory of a heroic 'triumph over adversity'".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elizabeth Storie, <i>The Autobiography of Elizabeth Storie, A Native of Glasgow, Who Was Subjected to Much Injustice at the Hands of Some Members of the Medical, Legal, and Clerical Professions</i> (Glasgow: Richard Stobbs, 1859)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_literature" title="Proletarian literature">Proletarian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_studies" title="Disability studies">Disability studies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Storie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scottishwomenwritersontheweb.net/writers-a-to-z/elizabeth-storie">"Elizabeth Storie"</a>. <i>Scottish Women Writers on the Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Women+Writers+on+the+Web&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Storie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishwomenwritersontheweb.net%2Fwriters-a-to-z%2Felizabeth-storie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Storie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshplant2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ashplant, T.G (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejlw.eu/article/download/38649/36211/50683">"Review: Steven King, Florence Boos, Racial Woodward, K. Neil Jenkins"</a>. <i>European Journal of Life Writing</i>. <b>XI</b>: 7–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Life+Writing&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Steven+King%2C+Florence+Boos%2C+Racial+Woodward%2C+K.+Neil+Jenkins&rft.volume=XI&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashplant&rft.aufirst=T.G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejlw.eu%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F38649%2F36211%2F50683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Storie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.uiowa.edu/abstracts-922">"Abstracts 92.2 | English - The University of Iowa"</a>. <i>english.uiowa.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.uiowa.edu&rft.atitle=Abstracts+92.2+%7C+English+-+The+University+of+Iowa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.uiowa.edu%2Fabstracts-922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Storie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storie1859-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storie1859_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storie1859_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storie1859_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storie1859_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storie1859_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorie1859" class="citation book cs1">Storie, Elizabeth (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autobiographyel00storgoog/"><i>he Autobiography of Elizabeth Storie, A Native of Glasgow, Who Was Subjected to Much Injustice at the Hands of Some Members of the Medical, Legal, and Clerical Professions</i></a>. Glasgow: Richard Stobbs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=he+Autobiography+of+Elizabeth+Storie%2C+A+Native+of+Glasgow%2C+Who+Was+Subjected+to+Much+Injustice+at+the+Hands+of+Some+Members+of+the+Medical%2C+Legal%2C+and+Clerical+Professions&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Richard+Stobbs&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Storie&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fautobiographyel00storgoog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Storie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_LaiNelson2024" class="citation journal cs1">Graham Lai, Dana; Nelson, Holly Faith (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/etudesecossaises/4925">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"There Was Death in the Powder and He Knew It": Dis/ability and Tactics of Resistance in the Autobiography of Elizabeth Storie"</a>. <i>Études écossaises</i> (23). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fetudesecossaises.4925">10.4000/etudesecossaises.4925</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1240-1439">1240-1439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+%C3%A9cossaises&rft.atitle=%22There+Was+Death+in+the+Powder+and+He+Knew+It%22%3A+Dis%2Fability+and+Tactics+of+Resistance+in+the+Autobiography+of+Elizabeth+Storie&rft.issue=23&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fetudesecossaises.4925&rft.issn=1240-1439&rft.aulast=Graham+Lai&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Holly+Faith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fetudesecossaises%2F4925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Storie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaller1971" class="citation journal cs1">Haller, John S. 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