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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1783–1860"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1783–1860</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1783–1860-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1783–1860 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1783–1860-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delaware_in_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delaware_in_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Delaware in the Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delaware_in_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1865–1899" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1865–1899"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>1865–1899</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1865–1899-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>1900–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/History_of_Delaware" title="Special:EditPage/History of Delaware">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22History+of+Delaware%22">"History of Delaware"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22History+of+Delaware%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22History+of+Delaware%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22History+of+Delaware%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22History+of+Delaware%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22History+of+Delaware%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>The history of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></b> as a political entity dates back to the early colonization of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> by European settlers. Delaware is made up of three counties established in 1638, before the time of <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>. Each county had its own settlement history. The state's early colonists tended to identify more closely with their county than Delaware as a whole. Large parts of southern and western Delaware were thought to have been<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Unintentionally hilarious. Cartographic uncertainty or political ascertainment? (July 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> until 1767. The state has existed in the wide economic and political circle of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvanian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_Americans">Native Americans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Native Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before Delaware was settled by <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">Europeans</a>, the area was home to the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenni Lenape</a> (also known as the Delaware), <a href="/wiki/Susquehannock" title="Susquehannock">Susquehanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanticoke_people" title="Nanticoke people">Nanticoke</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes. After the Swedes, Dutch colonists settled Delaware, with the native people trading with European settlers for around a half-century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dutch_and_Swedish_colonies">Dutch and Swedish colonies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dutch and Swedish colonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg/150px-3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg/225px-3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg/300px-3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Delaware was named for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_West,_3rd_Baron_De_La_Warr" title="Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr">Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr</a>, an English merchant and governor of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> from 1610 to 1618.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg/250px-Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg/375px-Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg/500px-Delaware_Bay_Vinckeboons_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8382" data-file-height="5888" /></a><figcaption>Nautical chart of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch empire">Dutch colony</a> <a href="/wiki/Zwaanendael_Colony" title="Zwaanendael Colony">Zwaanendael</a> and Godyn's Bay (<a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a>), 1639</figcaption></figure> <p>The Delaware watershed was claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> based on the explorations of <a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</a> in 1497, <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(explorer)" title="John Smith (explorer)">Captain John Smith</a>, and others and was given the name of a title held by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_West,_3rd_Baron_De_La_Warr" title="Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr">Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> from 1610 until 1618. At that time, the area was considered to be part of the Virginia colony. </p><p>However, the Dutch thought they also had a claim based on the 1609 explorations of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>, and under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, were the first Europeans to actually occupy the land. They established <a href="/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)" title="Factory (trading post)">trading-posts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wilhelmus" title="Fort Wilhelmus">Fort Wilhelmus</a> in 1624 at "Hooghe Eyland" (High Island), now <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Island" title="Burlington Island">Burlington Island</a>, opposite <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington, New Jersey">Burlington, New Jersey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(South_River)" title="Fort Nassau (South River)">Fort Nassau</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_City,_New_Jersey" title="Gloucester City, New Jersey">Gloucester City, New Jersey</a>, in 1626; and at <a href="/wiki/Zwaanendael_Colony" title="Zwaanendael Colony">Zwaanendael</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Lewes,_Delaware" title="Lewes, Delaware">Lewes, Delaware</a>, in 1631.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit">Peter Minuit</a> was the Dutch Director-General of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> during this period and probably spent some time at the Burlington Island post, thereby familiarizing himself with the region. </p><p>In any case, Minuit had a disagreement with the directors of the Dutch West India Company, was recalled from New Netherland, and quickly made his services available to his many friends in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, then a major power in European politics. They established a <a href="/wiki/Swedish_South_Company" title="Swedish South Company">Swedish South Company</a>, aimed at settling the territory of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a>, and, following much negotiation, he led a group under the flag of Sweden to the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> in 1638. They established a trading post at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Christina" title="Fort Christina">Fort Christina</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a>. Minuit claimed possession of the western side of the Delaware River, saying he had found no European settlement there. Unlike the Dutch West India Company, the Swedes intended to actually bring settlers to their outpost and begin a colony. </p><p>Minuit drowned in a hurricane on the way home that same year, but the Swedish colony continued to grow gradually. By 1644, Swedish and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> settlers were living along both sides of the Delaware River from Fort Christina to the <a href="/wiki/Schuylkill_River" title="Schuylkill River">Schuylkill River</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a>'s best known governor, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Bj%C3%B6rnsson_Printz" title="Johan Björnsson Printz">Johan Björnsson Printz</a>, moved his residence to what is now <a href="/wiki/Tinicum_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania</a>, where he intended to concentrate the settlements. </p><p>While the Dutch settlement at <a href="/wiki/Zwaanendael_Colony" title="Zwaanendael Colony">Zwaanendael</a> ("swan valley"), or present-day <a href="/wiki/Lewes,_Delaware" title="Lewes, Delaware">Lewes</a>, was soon destroyed in a war with Native Americans, the Dutch never gave up their claim to the area, and in 1651 built Fort Casimir, now <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>. Three years later, in 1654, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Risingh" title="Johan Risingh">Johan Risingh</a>, the Swedish governor, captured <a href="/wiki/Fort_Casimir" title="Fort Casimir">Fort Casimir</a> from the Dutch. For the Swedes, this was a catastrophic miscalculation, as the next summer, 1655, an enraged Stuyvesant led another Dutch expedition to the Delaware River, attacked all the Swedish communities and forcibly ended the New Sweden colony, incorporating the whole area back into the New Netherland colony.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_colony">English colony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware Colony</a></div> <p>It was not long, though, before the Dutch too were forcibly removed by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a>, who asserted their earlier claim. In 1664, <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James</a>, the Duke of York and brother of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>, outfitted an expedition that easily ousted the Dutch from both the Delaware and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson</a> rivers, leaving the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a> the proprietary authority in the entire area. </p><p>But <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore" title="Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore">Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore</a>, Proprietor of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, claimed a competing grant to lands on the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a>, including all of the present state of Delaware. In deference to the royal will of Charles II to please his brother, James, Duke of York, Calvert did not press his claim. James, the Duke of York, believed he had won the area in war and was justified in ownership. The area was administered from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> as a part of James' New York colony. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> was granted "Pennsylvania", in which the grant specifically excluded New Castle or any of the lands within 12 miles (19 km) of it. Nevertheless, Penn wanted an outlet to the sea from his new province. He persuaded James to lease him the western shore of Delaware Bay. So, in 1682, Penn arrived in New Castle with two documents: a charter for the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a> and a lease for what became known as "the Lower Counties on the Delaware". </p><p>Penn had inherited James' claims and thus began nearly 100 years of litigation between Penn and Baltimore, and their heirs, in the High <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Chancery" title="Court of Chancery">Court of Chancery</a> in London. The settlement of the legal battles was started by the heirs' agreeing to the survey performed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mason" title="Charles Mason">Charles Mason</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Dixon" title="Jeremiah Dixon">Jeremiah Dixon</a> between 1763 and 1767. Their work resulted in the famous <a href="/wiki/Mason%E2%80%93Dixon_line" title="Mason–Dixon line">Mason–Dixon line</a>. The final adjudication of the settlement was not completed until the eve of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. The settlement was a major reason for the close political alliance between the property owners of the Lower Counties and the Royalist Proprietary government. </p><p>In William Penn's <i>Frame of Government of 1682</i>, he established a combined assembly for his domain by providing for equal membership from each county and requiring legislation to have the assent of both the Lower Counties and the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Upper Counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks</a>. The assembly meeting place alternated between Philadelphia and New Castle. Once Philadelphia began to grow, its leaders resented having to go to New Castle and gain agreement of the assemblymen from the sparsely populated Lower Counties. In 1704, members of the two regions mutually agreed to meet and pass laws separately from then on. The Lower Counties did continue to share a governor, but the Province of Pennsylvania never merged with the Lower Counties. </p><p>The Mason–Dixon line forms the boundary between Delaware and Maryland; this begins at the <a href="/wiki/Transpeninsular_Line" title="Transpeninsular Line">Transpeninsular Line</a>. The border between Pennsylvania and Delaware is formed by an <a href="/wiki/Arc_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc (geometry)">arc</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Twelve-Mile_Circle" title="Twelve-Mile Circle">Twelve-Mile Circle</a> laid out in the seventeenth century to clearly delineate the area within the sphere of influence of New Castle. A small dispute lingered until 1921 over an area known as the <a href="/wiki/Wedge_(border)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge (border)">Wedge</a>, where the Mason–Dixon line and the Twelve-Mile Circle left a fragment of land claimed by both Pennsylvania and Delaware. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Delaware was one of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> which revolted against British rule in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. After the Revolution began in 1776, the three Lower Counties became "The Delaware State", and in 1776 that entity adopted its first constitution, declaring itself to be the "Delaware State". Its first governors went by the title of "President". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cooch%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Cooch's Bridge">Battle of Cooch's Bridge</a> was the only major military engagement of the Revolution that took place on Delaware soil. The engagement began August 30, 1777, about 2 miles (3 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Cooch%27s_Bridge" title="Cooch's Bridge">Cooch's Bridge</a> (located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Newark,_Delaware" title="Newark, Delaware">Newark</a>). The Americans harried the lead forces of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. However, the roughly 700 colonials were greatly outmanned and outgunned. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington's</a> troops were slowly driven back. </p><p>By September 3, the colonials had dropped back to Cooch's Bridge. A handpicked regiment of 100 marksmen under General <a href="/wiki/William_Maxwell_(Continental_Army_general)" title="William Maxwell (Continental Army general)">William Maxwell</a> laid an ambush in the surrounding cover. Over the ensuing battle, several British and <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian</a> charges were repelled, but the Americans soon depleted their ammunition and called a retreat. </p><p>The property was taken by the British, and several buildings were burned. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">General Cornwallis</a> used the Cooch house as his headquarters for the next week as the British regrouped. American casualties numbered around 30. </p><p>Shortly afterward, <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">General Howe</a> moved his troops out. On September 11, he defeated the colonials in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a> and subsequently captured the colonial capital of Philadelphia. </p><p>Delaware had a Loyalist insurrection in April 1778 called the <a href="/wiki/Clow_Rebellion" title="Clow Rebellion">Clow Rebellion</a>. </p><p>In 1783, the independence of the United States and therefore Delaware was confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1783–1860"><span id="1783.E2.80.931860"></span>1783–1860</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1783–1860"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Delaware was the first state to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">United States Constitution</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C3%89leuth%C3%A8re_Ir%C3%A9n%C3%A9e_du_Pont" title="Éleuthère Irénée du Pont">Éleuthère Irénée du Pont</a> arrived in America from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in 1800 and founded the young United States' largest <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> factory on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Brandywine_Creek_(Christina_River_tributary)" title="Brandywine Creek (Christina River tributary)">Brandywine River</a> just north of <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a> in 1804. His <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> firm (now the world's fourth largest chemical company) was the U.S. military's largest supplier of gunpowder by the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, and his descendants, the <a href="/wiki/Du_Pont_family" title="Du Pont family">du Pont family</a>, are now one of the richest and most successful families in the country. </p><p>The oldest <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">church</a> in the country was chartered in Delaware by former slave <a href="/wiki/Peter_Spencer_(religious_leader)" title="Peter Spencer (religious leader)">Peter Spencer</a> in 1813 as the "<a href="/wiki/Spencer_Churches" title="Spencer Churches">Union Church of Africans</a>", which is now the <a href="/wiki/A.U.M.P._Church" class="mw-redirect" title="A.U.M.P. Church">A.U.M.P. Church</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Big_August_Quarterly" title="Big August Quarterly">Big August Quarterly</a> which began in 1814 is still celebrated and is the oldest such cultural festival in the country. </p><p>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_%26_Delaware_Canal" title="Chesapeake & Delaware Canal">Chesapeake and Delaware Canal</a> between 1802 and 1829 brought significant shipping interests to Delaware, expanding the state's commercial opportunities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Census year </th> <th> </th> <th>New Castle<br />County<br />population </th> <th>percentage<br />of state<br />population </th> <th> </th> <th>Kent<br />County<br />population </th> <th>percentage<br />of state<br />population </th> <th> </th> <th>Sussex<br />County<br />population </th> <th>percentage<br />of state<br />population </th> <th> </th> <th>Delaware total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1790 </td> <td> </td> <td>19,688 </td> <td>33% </td> <td> </td> <td>18,920 </td> <td>32% </td> <td> </td> <td>20,488 </td> <td>35% </td> <td> </td> <td>59,096 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800 </td> <td> </td> <td>25,361 </td> <td>39% </td> <td> </td> <td>19,554 </td> <td>30% </td> <td> </td> <td>19,358 </td> <td>30% </td> <td> </td> <td>64,273 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1810 </td> <td> </td> <td>24,429 </td> <td>34% </td> <td> </td> <td>20,495 </td> <td>28% </td> <td> </td> <td>27,750 </td> <td>38% </td> <td> </td> <td>72,674 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1820 </td> <td> </td> <td>27,899 </td> <td>38% </td> <td> </td> <td>20,793 </td> <td>29% </td> <td> </td> <td>24,057 </td> <td>33% </td> <td> </td> <td>72,749 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1830 </td> <td> </td> <td>29,720 </td> <td>39% </td> <td> </td> <td>19,913 </td> <td>26% </td> <td> </td> <td>27,115 </td> <td>35% </td> <td> </td> <td>76,748 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1840 </td> <td> </td> <td>33,120 </td> <td>42% </td> <td> </td> <td>19,872 </td> <td>25% </td> <td> </td> <td>25,093 </td> <td>32% </td> <td> </td> <td>78,085 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Delaware_in_the_Civil_War">Delaware in the Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Delaware in the Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> had been a divisive issue in Delaware for decades before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> began. Opposition to slavery in Delaware, imported from <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a>-dominated Pennsylvania, led many slaveowners to free their slaves; half of the state's black population was free by 1810, and more than 90% were free by 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-udel.edu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udel.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trend also led pro-slavery legislators to restrict free black organizations, and the constabulary in Wilmington was accused of harsh enforcement of <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">runaway slave</a> laws, while many Delawareans kidnapped free blacks among the large communities throughout the state and sold them to plantations further south.<sup id="cite_ref-udel.edu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udel.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Civil War, Delaware was a <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">slave state</a> that remained in the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>. (Delaware voters voted not to secede on January 3, 1861.) Although most Delaware citizens who fought in the Civil War served in regiments on the Union side, some did, in fact, serve in Delaware companies on the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> side in the Maryland and Virginia Regiments. Delaware was the one slave state from which the Confederate States of America could not recruit a full regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_delaware.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Fort_delaware.jpeg/300px-Fort_delaware.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Fort_delaware.jpeg/450px-Fort_delaware.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Fort_delaware.jpeg/600px-Fort_delaware.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><i>Fort Delaware</i>, painted circa 1870 by <a href="/wiki/Seth_Eastman" title="Seth Eastman">Seth Eastman</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> By 1862, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Delaware" title="Fort Delaware">Fort Delaware</a>, a harbor defense facility that was located on Pea Patch Island in the Delaware River and had been designed by chief engineer Joseph Gilbert Totten circa 1819, was pressed into service as a prison for Confederate prisoners of war, political prisoners, federal convicts, and privateer officers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-American_state_papers_1834_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_state_papers_1834-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_Wilson_1981_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton_Wilson_1981-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> (POWs) were confined in the fort's interior in casemates, empty powder magazines, or one of two small rooms in the sally port. The first general from the Confederate States of America to be housed at the fort was <a href="/wiki/J._Johnston_Pettigrew" title="J. Johnston Pettigrew">Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew</a>. </p><p>Prison conditions were initially "tolerable," according to research conducted by students at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a>. "In its first year of operation in 1862, the population varied from 3,434 prisoners in July to only 123 later that year due to routine prisoner exchanges between the North and the South." But by the summer of 1863, following multiple military engagements including July's <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a>, "the fort's population had swollen to over 12,000 due to the influx of prisoners from the battles at Vicksburg and Gettysburg," a change in numbers which soon began to negatively impact the quality of life for POWs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As realization dawned that more housing would be needed for the increasing number of POWs captured by Union troops, officials at the fort embarked on a construction program in 1862, building barracks for enlisted soldiers which came to be known as the "bull pen."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 600-bed hospital was also built, as were barracks for the Union soldiers who would be brought in to guard the increasing POW ranks. </p><p>The first Confederate prisoner to die at Fort Delaware was Captain L. P. Halloway of the <a href="/wiki/27th_Virginia_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Virginia Infantry">27th Virginia Infantry</a>. Captured at <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Winchester, Virginia, in the American Civil War">Winchester, Virginia</a> on March 23, 1862, he died at the fort on April 9.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the war, the fort had held almost 33,000 prisoners, roughly 2,500 of whom died as the conditions continued to deteriorate. Half of the deaths were reportedly due to an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">variola</a> (smallpox) in 1863. Other causes of death included: diarrhea (315), inflammation of the lungs (243), <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> (215), <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a> (70), <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> (61), <a href="/wiki/Erysipelas" title="Erysipelas">erysipelas</a> (47), gunshot wounds (7), and drowning (5).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, 109 Union soldiers and 40 civilians also died at the fort during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the political prisoners held at Fort Delaware was the Rev. Issac W. K. Handy, who had commented in December 1863 that the Civil War had tarnished one of the nation's most cherished symbols, the American flag. Arrested for comments made during a dinner, he was jailed without trial and, because <a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_(1863)" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863)">habeas corpus</a> had been suspended by this time during the war, he was then held at the fort for 15 months.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 8, 1865, two months before the end of the Civil War, Delaware voted to reject the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> and so voted to continue slavery beyond the Civil War. However, the gesture proved futile when other states ratified the amendment, which took effect in December 1865 and thereby ended slavery in Delaware. In a symbolic move, Delaware belatedly ratified the amendment on February 12, 1901 – 35 years after national ratification and 38 years after <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>. Delaware also rejected the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction Era</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1865–1899"><span id="1865.E2.80.931899"></span>1865–1899</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1865–1899"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Civil War, Democratic governments continued to dominate the South and imposed explicitly <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> regimes in the former slave states. The Delaware legislature declared blacks to be second-class citizens in 1866 and restricted their voting rights despite the Fifteenth Amendment, ensuring continued Democratic success in the state throughout most of the nineteenth century. Fearful that the <a href="/wiki/1875_Civil_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="1875 Civil Rights Act">1875 Civil Rights Act</a> passed by Congress might establish social equality, Delaware legislators passed <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> that mandated <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> in public facilities and effectively codified the state's tradition of white supremacy. The state's educational system was segregated by operation of law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Delaware's segregation was written into the state constitution, which, while providing at Article X, Section 2,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that "no distinction shall be made on account of race or color", nonetheless required that "separate schools for white and colored children shall be maintained."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1900–present"><span id="1900.E2.80.93present"></span>1900–present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1900–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1952, <i><a href="/wiki/Gebhart_v._Belton" title="Gebhart v. Belton">Gebhart v. Belton</a></i> was decided by the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Court_of_Chancery" title="Delaware Court of Chancery">Delaware Court of Chancery</a> and affirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">Delaware Supreme Court</a> in the same year. <i>Gebhart</i> was one of the five cases combined into <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>, the 1954 decision of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a> which found racial segregation in United States <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public schools</a> to be unconstitutional. </p><p>The result of the <i>Gebhart</i> and <i>Brown</i> litigation was that Delaware became fully integrated, albeit with time and much effort. The white supremacist <a href="/wiki/Bryant_Bowles" title="Bryant Bowles">Bryant Bowles</a> raised $6,000 and founded the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_White_People_(1953-1955)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of White People (1953-1955)">National Association for the Advancement of White People</a> (NAAWP) to oppose the rulings. Bowles briefly attracted nationwide attention for leading a pro-segregation <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> of <a href="/wiki/Milford_High_School_(Delaware)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milford High School (Delaware)">Milford High School</a>. A mass meeting in <a href="/wiki/Milford,_Delaware" title="Milford, Delaware">Milford</a> in October 1954 attracted a crowd of 3,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowles encouraged a boycott to protest the integration of schools after eleven black students were enrolled in the previously racially segregated school.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 456 out of 1562 students attended the next day, and the movement gained traction in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Delaware" title="Lincoln, Delaware">Lincoln</a>, where 116 of the 146 pupils in the local elementary school boycotted in solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mass protests continued in Milford; the school board eventually ceded to the protestors, expelling the black students.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several weeks later, Bowles was arrested for "conspiring to violate the state education law by leading a boycott at Milford’s integrated high school". The <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Delaware" title="Attorney General of Delaware">Attorney General</a> later took action to revoke the NAAWP's <a href="/wiki/Corporate_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate charter">corporate charter</a> in September 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the ensuing unrest, which included <a href="/wiki/Cross_burning" title="Cross burning">cross burnings</a>, rallies, and pro-segregation demonstrations, contributed to <a href="/wiki/Desegregation_in_the_United_States" title="Desegregation in the United States">desegregation</a> in most of Southern Delaware being delayed for another ten years. School segregation in the state would not end until 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_outline_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical outline of Delaware">Historical outline of Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_societies_in_the_United_States#Delaware" title="List of historical societies in the United States">List of historical societies in Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Delaware" title="Women's suffrage in Delaware">Women's suffrage in Delaware</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Amandus_Johnson" title="Amandus Johnson">Johnson, Amandus</a> <i>The Indians and Their Culture as Described in Swedish and Dutch Records</i> (1917)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGehring1995" class="citation cs2">Gehring, Charles T. (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1nnksAHeiMC&q=Hodie+Mihi+Cras+Tibi+Charles+T.+Gehring&pg=PA69">"Hodie Mihi, Cras Tibi"</a>, <i>New Sweden in America Swedish-Dutch relations in the Delaware Valley</i>, University of Delaware Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-520-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-520-6"><bdi>0-87413-520-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Sweden+in+America+Swedish-Dutch+relations+in+the+Delaware+Valley&rft.atitle=Hodie+Mihi%2C+Cras+Tibi&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-87413-520-6&rft.aulast=Gehring&rft.aufirst=Charles+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1nnksAHeiMC%26q%3DHodie%2BMihi%2BCras%2BTibi%2BCharles%2BT.%2BGehring%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Amandus_Johnson" title="Amandus Johnson">Johnson, Amandus</a>, <i>Johan Classon Rising: The last governor of New Sweden</i> (1915)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-udel.edu-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-udel.edu_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udel.edu_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udel.edu/BlackHistory/antebellum.html">"The Growth of Delaware's Antebellum Free African American Community"</a>. <i>www.udel.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.udel.edu&rft.atitle=The+Growth+of+Delaware%27s+Antebellum+Free+African+American+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udel.edu%2FBlackHistory%2Fantebellum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn2011" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Chester G. (2011). <i>The Civil War State by State</i>. Totnes, Devon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=BlueRed_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BlueRed Press (page does not exist)">BlueRed Press</a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908247-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908247-04-9"><bdi>978-1-908247-04-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+State+by+State&rft.place=Totnes%2C+Devon&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=BlueRed+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-908247-04-9&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dobbs, Kelli W. and Rebecca J. Siders. Fort Delaware Architectural Research Project. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Center for Historic Architecture and Design, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_state_papers_1834-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-American_state_papers_1834_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americanstatepap_f02unit#page/n7/mode/2up/search/Fort+Delaware"><i>American state papers: documents, legislative and executive, of the Congress of the United States, From the First Session to the Second Session of the Eighteenth Congress, Inclusive. Commencing December 27, 1819, and ending February 28, 1825</i></a>. Vol. Class V. Military Affairs Volume II. Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton. 1834. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780893085148" title="Special:BookSources/9780893085148"><bdi>9780893085148</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/767962786">767962786</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54935102">54935102</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3386664">3386664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+state+papers%3A+documents%2C+legislative+and+executive%2C+of+the+Congress+of+the+United+States%2C+From+the+First+Session+to+the+Second+Session+of+the+Eighteenth+Congress%2C+Inclusive.+Commencing+December+27%2C+1819%2C+and+ending+February+28%2C+1825&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Gales+and+Seaton&rft.date=1834&rft.isbn=9780893085148&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericanstatepap_f02unit%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2FFort%2BDelaware&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamilton_Wilson_1981-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton_Wilson_1981_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1981" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, A. J. (1981). Wilson, W. Emerson (ed.). <i>A Fort Delaware journal : the diary of a Yankee private, A.J. Hamilton, 1862-65</i>. Wilmington, DE, US: Fort Delaware Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8805488">8805488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Fort+Delaware+journal+%3A+the+diary+of+a+Yankee+private%2C+A.J.+Hamilton%2C+1862-65&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+DE%2C+US&rft.pub=Fort+Delaware+Society&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8805488&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant, Tracy. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.udel.edu/researchmagazine/issue/vol2_no2_security/escape_from_fort_delaware.html">Escape from Fort Delaware: Student sheds light on Civil War Mystery</a>." Newark Delaware: University of Delaware, Office of Communications & Marketing, accessed May 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berkeley, Henry R. <i>Four years in the Confederate Artillery: The Diary of Private Henry Robinson Berkeley</i>. Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Historical Society, 1991., p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Local Intelligence, Matters at Fort Delaware." Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: <i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i>, July 21, 1862, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamison, Jocelyn P., <i>They Died at Fort Delaware 1861-1865: Confederate, Union and Civilian</i>. Delaware City, Delaware: Fort Delaware Society, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mowday, Bruce and Dale Fetzer. <i>Unlikely Allies: Fort Delaware's Prison Community in the Civil War</i>. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamison, Jocelyn P., 1997., pp. 85–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.udel.edu/researchmagazine/issue/vol2_no2_security/escape_from_fort_delaware.html">Prisoner with UD Ties</a>." Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Office of Communications & Marketing, accessed May 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,936456,00.html">"Education: Racial Flare-Up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. October 11, 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Education%3A+Racial+Flare-Up&rft.date=1954-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C936456%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2010" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Clive (2010). <i>Rabble Rousers: the American Far Right in the Civil Rights Era</i>. Athens: University of Georgia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rabble+Rousers%3A+the+American+Far+Right+in+the+Civil+Rights+Era&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=INR19541016-01.1.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------">"White Supremacy Leader Arrested"</a>. <i>Indianapolis Recorder</i>. October 16, 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indianapolis+Recorder&rft.atitle=White+Supremacy+Leader+Arrested&rft.date=1954-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.library.in.gov%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DINR19541016-01.1.1%26e%3D-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capegazette.com/node/65880">"In Delaware, school segregation persisted until 1967"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Delaware%2C+school+segregation+persisted+until+1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capegazette.com%2Fnode%2F65880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock1961" class="citation book cs1">Hancock, Harold Bell. (1961). <i>Delaware during the Civil War</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Society of Delaware">Historical Society of Delaware</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-924117-24-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-924117-24-9"><bdi>0-924117-24-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delaware+during+the+Civil+War&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Historical+Society+of+Delaware&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=0-924117-24-9&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=Harold+Bell.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn2011" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Chester G. (2011). <i>The Civil War State by State</i>. Totnes, Devon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=BlueRed_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BlueRed Press (page does not exist)">BlueRed Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908247-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908247-04-9"><bdi>978-1-908247-04-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+State+by+State&rft.place=Totnes%2C+Devon&rft.pub=BlueRed+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-908247-04-9&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffecker2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). <i>Democracy in Delaware</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892142-23-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-892142-23-6"><bdi>1-892142-23-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+Delaware&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Cedar+Tree+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-892142-23-6&rft.aulast=Hoffecker&rft.aufirst=Carol+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1984" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Roger A. (1984). <i>A History of Delaware Through its Governors</i>. Wilmington, Delaware: McClafferty Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Delaware+Through+its+Governors&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=McClafferty+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Roger A. (1995). <i>Memoirs of the Senate</i>. Newark, DE: Roger A. Martin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Senate&rft.place=Newark%2C+DE&rft.pub=Roger+A.+Martin&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe2004" class="citation book cs1">Munroe, John A. (2004). <i>The Philadelawareans</i>. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-872-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-872-8"><bdi>0-87413-872-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philadelawareans&rft.place=Newark%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-87413-872-8&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe1993" class="citation book cs1">Munroe, John A. (1993). <i>History of Delaware</i>. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-493-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-493-5"><bdi>0-87413-493-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware&rft.place=Newark%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-87413-493-5&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofdelawar0000munr">online free to borrow</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharf1888" class="citation book cs1">Scharf, John Thomas (1888). <i>History of Delaware 1609-1888. 2 vols</i>. Philadelphia: L. J. Richards & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delaware+1609-1888.+2+vols.&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=L.+J.+Richards+%26+Co.&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=John+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofdelawar0000munr">online free to borrow</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1969" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Emerson. (1969). <i>Forgotten Heroes of Delaware</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Deltos Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Heroes+of+Delaware&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Deltos+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Emerson.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delaware" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Borden, Morton; <i>The Federalism of James A. Bayard</i> (Columbia University Press, 1955)</li> <li>Delaware Federal Writers' Project; <i>Delaware: A Guide to the First State</i> (famous WPA guidebook 1938)</li> <li>Hancock, Harold. "Civil War Comes to Delaware." <i>Civil War History</i> 2.4 (1956): 29-46 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/415168">online</a>.</li> <li>Hancock, Harold Bell. <i>The Loyalists of Revolutionary Delaware</i> (2nd ed 1977) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%28Harold%20Bell%20Hancock%29">online free to borrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amandus_Johnson" title="Amandus Johnson">Johnson, Amandus</a> <i>The Swedes in America 1638–1900: Vol. I, The Swedes on the Delaware 1638–1664</i>. (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amandus_Johnson" title="Amandus Johnson">Johnson, Amandus</a> <i>The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware 1638–1664, Volume II</i> (1927)</li> <li>Miller, Richard F. ed. <i>States at War, Volume 4: A Reference Guide for Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey in the Civil War</i> (2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/States-War-Reference-Delaware-Maryland/dp/1611686210/">excerpt</a> 890pp.</li> <li>Myers, Albert Cook ed., <i>Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey, and Delaware, 1630–1707</i> (1912)</li> <li>Ward, Christopher <i>Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware, 1609- 1664</i> (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1930)</li> <li>Wiener, Roberta and James R. Arnold. <i>Delaware: The History Of Delaware Colony, 1638–1776</i> (2004)</li> <li>Weslager, C. A. <i>New Sweden on the Delaware, 1638–1655</i> (The Middle Atlantic Press, Wilmington. 1988)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delaware&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boston Public Library, Map Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.bpl.org/explore/location/delaware-6">Maps of Delaware</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112220356/http://maps.bpl.org/explore/location/delaware-6">Archived</a> November 12, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, various dates.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_United_States_by_polity" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._political_divisions_histories" title="Template:U.S. political divisions histories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._political_divisions_histories" title="Template talk:U.S. political divisions histories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._political_divisions_histories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. political divisions histories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_United_States_by_polity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History of the United States</a> by polity</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alabama" title="History of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alaska" title="History of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arizona" title="History of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arkansas" title="History of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colorado" title="History of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Florida" title="History of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="History of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hawaii" title="History of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Idaho" title="History of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana" title="History of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iowa" title="History of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kentucky" title="History of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisiana" title="History of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maine" title="History of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maryland" title="History of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Michigan" title="History of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mississippi" title="History of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Missouri" title="History of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montana" title="History of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nebraska" title="History of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nevada" title="History of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Jersey" title="History of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico" title="History of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Carolina" title="History of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Dakota" title="History of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ohio" title="History of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oklahoma" title="History of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oregon" title="History of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pennsylvania" title="History of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rhode_Island" title="History of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Carolina" title="History of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Dakota" title="History of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tennessee" title="History of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Utah" title="History of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vermont" title="History of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Virginia" title="History of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington_(state)" title="History of Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Virginia" title="History of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wisconsin" title="History of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wyoming" title="History of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington,_D.C." title="History of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_Samoa" title="History of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Puerto_Rico" title="History of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="History of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baker_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Howland_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jarvis_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Johnston_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kingman_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Midway_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Navassa_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palmyra_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wake_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Delaware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F3D161;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Delaware" title="Template:Delaware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Delaware" title="Template talk:Delaware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Delaware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Delaware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Delaware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F3D161;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F3D161;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Delaware" title="Outline of Delaware">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Delaware-related_articles" title="Index of Delaware-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Delaware" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Delaware">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Delaware" title="List of beaches in Delaware">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Delaware" title="Category:Communications in Delaware">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Delaware" title="United States congressional delegations from Delaware">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware#Geography" title="Delaware">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Delaware" title="Government of Delaware">Government</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Delaware" title="Category:Images of Delaware">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landmarks_in_Delaware" title="Category:Landmarks in Delaware">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delaware_law" title="Category:Delaware law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Delaware" title="Category:Mass media in Delaware">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Delaware" title="List of newspapers in Delaware">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Delaware" title="List of radio stations in Delaware">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Delaware" title="List of television stations in Delaware">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Delaware" title="Category:Military in Delaware">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Delaware" title="Music of Delaware">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Delaware" title="Category:Natural history of Delaware">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Delaware" title="Category:Organizations based in Delaware">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Delaware_state_parks" title="List of Delaware state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_State_Route_System" title="Delaware State Route System">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_in_Delaware" title="Category:Sports in Delaware">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Delaware_state_symbols" title="List of Delaware state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware#Transportation" title="Delaware">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Delaware" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Delaware">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F3D161;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Delaware" title="Abortion in Delaware">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Delaware" title="Climate change in Delaware">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delaware_culture" title="Category:Delaware culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Delaware" title="Crime in Delaware">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware#Demographics" title="Delaware">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware#Economy" title="Delaware">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Delaware" title="Category:Education in Delaware">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Delaware" title="Gun laws in Delaware">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Delaware" title="LGBTQ rights in Delaware">LGBTQ rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Delaware" title="Political party strength in Delaware">Party strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Delaware" title="Politics of Delaware">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F3D161;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_incorporated_places_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incorporated places in Delaware">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_City,_Delaware" title="Delaware City, Delaware">Delaware City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington,_Delaware" title="Harrington, Delaware">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes,_Delaware" title="Lewes, Delaware">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_Delaware" title="Milford, Delaware">Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Delaware" title="Newark, Delaware">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboth_Beach,_Delaware" title="Rehoboth Beach, Delaware">Rehoboth Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaford,_Delaware" title="Seaford, Delaware">Seaford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F3D161;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_incorporated_places_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incorporated places in Delaware">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arden,_Delaware" title="Arden, Delaware">Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardencroft,_Delaware" title="Ardencroft, Delaware">Ardencroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardentown,_Delaware" title="Ardentown, Delaware">Ardentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellefonte,_Delaware" title="Bellefonte, Delaware">Bellefonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Beach,_Delaware" title="Bethany Beach, Delaware">Bethany Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Delaware" title="Bethel, Delaware">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blades,_Delaware" title="Blades, Delaware">Blades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowers,_Delaware" title="Bowers, Delaware">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeville,_Delaware" title="Bridgeville, Delaware">Bridgeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_Delaware" title="Camden, Delaware">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheswold,_Delaware" title="Cheswold, Delaware">Cheswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Delaware" title="Clayton, Delaware">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagsboro,_Delaware" title="Dagsboro, Delaware">Dagsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmar,_Delaware" title="Delmar, Delaware">Delmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Beach,_Delaware" title="Dewey Beach, Delaware">Dewey Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellendale,_Delaware" title="Ellendale, Delaware">Ellendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsmere,_Delaware" title="Elsmere, Delaware">Elsmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Delaware" title="Farmington, Delaware">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felton,_Delaware" title="Felton, Delaware">Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenwick_Island,_Delaware" title="Fenwick Island, Delaware">Fenwick Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankford,_Delaware" title="Frankford, Delaware">Frankford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederica,_Delaware" title="Frederica, Delaware">Frederica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Delaware" title="Georgetown, Delaware">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Delaware" title="Greenwood, Delaware">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartly,_Delaware" title="Hartly, Delaware">Hartly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henlopen_Acres,_Delaware" title="Henlopen Acres, Delaware">Henlopen Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Delaware" title="Houston, Delaware">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenton,_Delaware" title="Kenton, Delaware">Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Delaware" title="Laurel, Delaware">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipsic,_Delaware" title="Leipsic, Delaware">Leipsic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Creek,_Delaware" title="Little Creek, Delaware">Little Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia,_Delaware" title="Magnolia, Delaware">Magnolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Delaware" title="Middletown, Delaware">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millsboro,_Delaware" title="Millsboro, Delaware">Millsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millville,_Delaware" title="Millville, Delaware">Millville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Delaware" title="Milton, Delaware">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Delaware" title="Newport, Delaware">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_View,_Delaware" title="Ocean View, Delaware">Ocean View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Delaware" title="Odessa, Delaware">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbyville,_Delaware" title="Selbyville, Delaware">Selbyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaughter_Beach,_Delaware" title="Slaughter Beach, Delaware">Slaughter Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna,_Delaware" title="Smyrna, Delaware">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bethany,_Delaware" title="South Bethany, Delaware">South Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend,_Delaware" title="Townsend, Delaware">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola,_Delaware" title="Viola, Delaware">Viola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodside,_Delaware" title="Woodside, Delaware">Woodside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming,_Delaware" title="Wyoming, Delaware">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F3D161;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Delaware" title="List of counties in Delaware">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Delaware" title="Sussex County, Delaware">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F3D161;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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