CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Philippines Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="sUNqBWtj1pZJ90UH+Xb690ZSPHXPTAVWrbJ7x+0o1pgp8z98ugyY9Vb+kC37xQMVqrnWgZnS+PqAz9JXc1MQQA==" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Philippines?after=50%2C65238463" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Philippines Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277159646,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732422978000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732422978000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Philippines</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">145,518 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Philippines</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Philippines">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10241943" data-work_id="10241943" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10241943/Colonial_Counterpoint_Music_in_Early_Modern_Manila">Colonial Counterpoint: Music in Early Modern Manila</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this groundbreaking study, D. R. M. Irving reconnects the Philippines to current musicological discourse on the early modern Hispanic world. For some two and a half centuries, the Philippine Islands were firmly interlinked to Latin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10241943" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this groundbreaking study, D. R. M. Irving reconnects the Philippines to current musicological discourse on the early modern Hispanic world. For some two and a half centuries, the Philippine Islands were firmly interlinked to Latin America and Spain through transoceanic relationships of politics, religion, trade, and culture. The city of Manila, founded in 1571, represented a vital intercultural nexus and a significant conduit for the regional diffusion of Western music. Within its ethnically diverse society, imported and local musics played a crucial role in the establishment of ecclesiastical hierarchies in the Philippines and in propelling the work of Roman Catholic missionaries in neighboring territories. Manila's religious institutions resounded with sumptuous vocal and instrumental performances, while an annual calendar of festivities brought together many musical traditions of the indigenous and immigrant populations in complex forms of artistic interaction and opposition. <br /> <br />Multiple styles and genres coexisted according to strict regulations enforced by state and ecclesiastical authorities, and Irving uses the metaphors of European counterpoint and enharmony to critique musical practices within the colonial milieu. He argues that the introduction and institutionalization of counterpoint acted as a powerful agent of colonialism throughout the Philippine Archipelago, and that contrapuntal structures were reflected in the social and cultural reorganization of Filipino communities under Spanish rule. He also contends that the active appropriation of music and dance by the indigenous population constituted a significant contribution to the process of hispanization. Sustained "enharmonic engagement" between Filipinos and Spaniards led to the synthesis of hybrid, syncretic genres and the emergence of performance styles that could contest and subvert hegemony. Throwing new light on a virtually unknown area of music history, this book contributes to current understanding of the globalization of music, and repositions the Philippines at the frontiers of research into early modern intercultural exchange.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10241943" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cfe56fdd23ade091f00c0b831ba4c05" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65601124,"asset_id":10241943,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65601124/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25046918" href="https://icrea.academia.edu/DavidIrving">David Irving</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25046918" type="text/json">{"id":25046918,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Irving","domain_name":"icrea","page_name":"DavidIrving","display_name":"David Irving","profile_url":"https://icrea.academia.edu/DavidIrving?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25046918/6798678/137089880/s65_david.irving.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10241943 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10241943"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10241943, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10241943", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10241943 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10241943; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10241943"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10241943 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10241943"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10241943; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10241943]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10241943").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10241943").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10241943"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10241943]'), work: {"id":10241943,"title":"Colonial Counterpoint: Music in Early Modern Manila","created_at":"2015-01-20T03:01:59.645-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10241943/Colonial_Counterpoint_Music_in_Early_Modern_Manila?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_10241943","summary":"In this groundbreaking study, D. R. M. Irving reconnects the Philippines to current musicological discourse on the early modern Hispanic world. For some two and a half centuries, the Philippine Islands were firmly interlinked to Latin America and Spain through transoceanic relationships of politics, religion, trade, and culture. The city of Manila, founded in 1571, represented a vital intercultural nexus and a significant conduit for the regional diffusion of Western music. Within its ethnically diverse society, imported and local musics played a crucial role in the establishment of ecclesiastical hierarchies in the Philippines and in propelling the work of Roman Catholic missionaries in neighboring territories. Manila's religious institutions resounded with sumptuous vocal and instrumental performances, while an annual calendar of festivities brought together many musical traditions of the indigenous and immigrant populations in complex forms of artistic interaction and opposition.\r\n\r\nMultiple styles and genres coexisted according to strict regulations enforced by state and ecclesiastical authorities, and Irving uses the metaphors of European counterpoint and enharmony to critique musical practices within the colonial milieu. He argues that the introduction and institutionalization of counterpoint acted as a powerful agent of colonialism throughout the Philippine Archipelago, and that contrapuntal structures were reflected in the social and cultural reorganization of Filipino communities under Spanish rule. He also contends that the active appropriation of music and dance by the indigenous population constituted a significant contribution to the process of hispanization. Sustained \"enharmonic engagement\" between Filipinos and Spaniards led to the synthesis of hybrid, syncretic genres and the emergence of performance styles that could contest and subvert hegemony. Throwing new light on a virtually unknown area of music history, this book contributes to current understanding of the globalization of music, and repositions the Philippines at the frontiers of research into early modern intercultural exchange.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65601124,"asset_id":10241943,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25046918,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Irving","domain_name":"icrea","page_name":"DavidIrving","display_name":"David Irving","profile_url":"https://icrea.academia.edu/DavidIrving?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25046918/6798678/137089880/s65_david.irving.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44902609" data-work_id="44902609" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44902609/Os_desafios_das_partes_mais_remotas_o_Santo_Of%C3%ADcio_de_Goa_e_do_M%C3%A9xico_ante_as_suas_%C3%BAltimas_periferias_Macau_e_Manila_s%C3%A9culos_XVI_e_XVII_">Os desafios das “partes mais remotas”: o Santo Ofício de Goa e do México ante as suas últimas periferias (Macau e Manila, séculos XVI e XVII)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44902609" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="908f1c791c9e822208203f9c2282d159" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65422504,"asset_id":44902609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65422504/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="865388" href="https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/MiguelLouren%C3%A7o">Miguel Rodrigues Lourenço</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="865388" type="text/json">{"id":865388,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Rodrigues Lourenço","domain_name":"fcsh-unl","page_name":"MiguelLourenço","display_name":"Miguel Rodrigues Lourenço","profile_url":"https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/MiguelLouren%C3%A7o?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/865388/170046874/160026589/s65_miguel.rodrigues_louren_o.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44902609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44902609"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44902609, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44902609", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44902609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44902609; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44902609"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44902609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44902609"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44902609; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44902609]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44902609").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44902609").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44902609"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4916" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion">Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4916" type="text/json">{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5410" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquisition">Inquisition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5410" type="text/json">{"id":5410,"name":"Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquisition?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6886" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estado_da_India">Estado da India</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6886" type="text/json">{"id":6886,"name":"Estado da India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estado_da_India?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44902609]'), work: {"id":44902609,"title":"Os desafios das “partes mais remotas”: o Santo Ofício de Goa e do México ante as suas últimas periferias (Macau e Manila, séculos XVI e XVII)","created_at":"2021-01-14T03:46:49.378-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44902609/Os_desafios_das_partes_mais_remotas_o_Santo_Of%C3%ADcio_de_Goa_e_do_M%C3%A9xico_ante_as_suas_%C3%BAltimas_periferias_Macau_e_Manila_s%C3%A9culos_XVI_e_XVII_?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_44902609","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65422504,"asset_id":44902609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":865388,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Rodrigues Lourenço","domain_name":"fcsh-unl","page_name":"MiguelLourenço","display_name":"Miguel Rodrigues Lourenço","profile_url":"https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/MiguelLouren%C3%A7o?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/865388/170046874/160026589/s65_miguel.rodrigues_louren_o.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":4916,"name":"Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Discoveries_and_Expansion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":5410,"name":"Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquisition?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6886,"name":"Estado da India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estado_da_India?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22559,"name":"Philippine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":47149,"name":"The Spanish Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Spanish_Inquisition?f_ri=8785"},{"id":118223,"name":"Centre-Periphery Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centre-Periphery_Relations?f_ri=8785"},{"id":125313,"name":"Portuguese Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Inquisition?f_ri=8785"},{"id":130169,"name":"Macau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macau?f_ri=8785"},{"id":211909,"name":"History of Macau (Macau)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Macau_Macau_?f_ri=8785"},{"id":407842,"name":"Macau studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macau_studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2466277,"name":"Goa Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goa_Inquisition?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49926857 coauthored" data-work_id="49926857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49926857/Introduction_Made_in_Nusantara_Studies_in_Popular_Music">Introduction - Made in Nusantara: Studies in Popular Music</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Made in Nusantara serves as a comprehensive introduction to the history, sociology, ethnography, and musicology of historical and contemporary popular music in maritime Southeast Asia. Each essay covers major fgures, styles, and social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49926857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Made in Nusantara serves as a comprehensive introduction to the history, sociology, ethnography, and musicology of historical and contemporary popular music in maritime Southeast Asia. Each essay covers major fgures, styles, and social contexts of genres of a popular nature in the Nusantara region including Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, and the Philippines. Trough a critical investigation of specifc genres and their spaces of performance, production, and consumption, the volume is organised into four thematic areas: 1) issues in Nusantara popular music; 2) history; 3) artists and genres; and 4) national vs. local industries. Written by scholars working in the region, Made in Nusantara brings local perspectives to the history and analysis of popular music and critically considers conceptualisations developed in the West, rendering it an intriguing read for students and scholars of popular and global music.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49926857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ebb31c10289a1e55ae90a16613ce0a33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68102125,"asset_id":49926857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68102125/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="850081" href="https://myum.academia.edu/AdilJohan">Adil Johan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="850081" type="text/json">{"id":850081,"first_name":"Adil","last_name":"Johan","domain_name":"myum","page_name":"AdilJohan","display_name":"Adil Johan","profile_url":"https://myum.academia.edu/AdilJohan?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/850081/301543/48839457/s65_adil.johan.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-49926857">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-49926857"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://thol.academia.edu/MaycoSantaella">Mayco Santaella</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-49926857'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-49926857').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49926857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49926857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49926857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49926857", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49926857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49926857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49926857"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49926857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49926857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49926857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49926857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49926857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49926857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49926857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1631" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Music">Popular Music</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1631" type="text/json">{"id":1631,"name":"Popular Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Music?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6746" type="text/json">{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6818" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6818" type="text/json">{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia">Indonesia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8783" type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49926857]'), work: {"id":49926857,"title":"Introduction - Made in Nusantara: Studies in Popular Music","created_at":"2021-07-14T19:22:20.254-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49926857/Introduction_Made_in_Nusantara_Studies_in_Popular_Music?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_49926857","summary":"Made in Nusantara serves as a comprehensive introduction to the history, sociology, ethnography, and musicology of historical and contemporary popular music in maritime Southeast Asia. Each essay covers major fgures, styles, and social contexts of genres of a popular nature in the Nusantara region including Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, and the Philippines. Trough a critical investigation of specifc genres and their spaces of performance, production, and consumption, the volume is organised into four thematic areas: 1) issues in Nusantara popular music; 2) history; 3) artists and genres; and 4) national vs. local industries. Written by scholars working in the region, Made in Nusantara brings local perspectives to the history and analysis of popular music and critically considers conceptualisations developed in the West, rendering it an intriguing read for students and scholars of popular and global music.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68102125,"asset_id":49926857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":850081,"first_name":"Adil","last_name":"Johan","domain_name":"myum","page_name":"AdilJohan","display_name":"Adil Johan","profile_url":"https://myum.academia.edu/AdilJohan?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/850081/301543/48839457/s65_adil.johan.jpg"},{"id":95217589,"first_name":"Mayco","last_name":"Santaella","domain_name":"thol","page_name":"MaycoSantaella","display_name":"Mayco Santaella","profile_url":"https://thol.academia.edu/MaycoSantaella?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/95217589/24735461/23592907/s65_mayco.santaella.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1631,"name":"Popular Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Music?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8787,"name":"Singapore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Singapore?f_ri=8785"},{"id":38394,"name":"Nusantara","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nusantara?f_ri=8785"},{"id":179193,"name":"Brunei","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brunei?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60350182" data-work_id="60350182" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60350182/Public_Administration_in_the_Philippines_Overcoming_Conflict_and_Post_Conflict_Challenges">Public Administration in the Philippines: Overcoming Conflict and Post-Conflict Challenges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Philippine Public Administration, as a discipline and a practice, has played a key role in institution building and capacity development over the years. This has been true even during conflict and post-conflict periods. The chapter delves... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60350182" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Philippine Public Administration, as a discipline and a practice, has played a key role in institution building and capacity development over the years. This has been true even during conflict and post-conflict periods. The chapter delves into how conflict situations have affected Philippine Public Administration by discussing it through an interstate and intra-state conflict that the country has been confronted with through different periods of its history. The first case discusses the various public reorganization and civil service initiatives within the ambit of the interstate backdrop of post-World War II reconstruction. The second case tackles how public administration mechanisms and institutions have been designed and set up as a response to an intra-state conflict in the Southern Philippines, more popularly known as the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, that has seen armed struggle since the 1970s brought about by the Muslim minorities' rebellion against the central government.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60350182" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6e5f351a5547b9ac8378e1b20068244" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73835095,"asset_id":60350182,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73835095/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115196123" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/MariaPilarLorenzo">Maria Pilar Lorenzo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115196123" type="text/json">{"id":115196123,"first_name":"Maria Pilar","last_name":"Lorenzo","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MariaPilarLorenzo","display_name":"Maria Pilar Lorenzo","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MariaPilarLorenzo?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115196123/27843093/39942655/s65_maria_pilar.lorenzo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60350182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60350182"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60350182, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60350182", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60350182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60350182; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60350182"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60350182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60350182"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60350182; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60350182]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60350182").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60350182").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60350182"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration">Public Administration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="799" type="text/json">{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60350182]'), work: {"id":60350182,"title":"Public Administration in the Philippines: Overcoming Conflict and Post-Conflict Challenges","created_at":"2021-10-29T13:10:58.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60350182/Public_Administration_in_the_Philippines_Overcoming_Conflict_and_Post_Conflict_Challenges?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_60350182","summary":"Philippine Public Administration, as a discipline and a practice, has played a key role in institution building and capacity development over the years. This has been true even during conflict and post-conflict periods. The chapter delves into how conflict situations have affected Philippine Public Administration by discussing it through an interstate and intra-state conflict that the country has been confronted with through different periods of its history. The first case discusses the various public reorganization and civil service initiatives within the ambit of the interstate backdrop of post-World War II reconstruction. The second case tackles how public administration mechanisms and institutions have been designed and set up as a response to an intra-state conflict in the Southern Philippines, more popularly known as the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, that has seen armed struggle since the 1970s brought about by the Muslim minorities' rebellion against the central government.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73835095,"asset_id":60350182,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115196123,"first_name":"Maria Pilar","last_name":"Lorenzo","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MariaPilarLorenzo","display_name":"Maria Pilar Lorenzo","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MariaPilarLorenzo?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115196123/27843093/39942655/s65_maria_pilar.lorenzo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61777773" data-work_id="61777773" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61777773/Colonialism_in_Denial_US_Propaganda_in_the_Philippine_American_War">Colonialism in Denial: US Propaganda in the Philippine-American War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61777773" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c1f8c66c6f506ad2ee72de8812a9acc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74730160,"asset_id":61777773,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74730160/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="210176" href="https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett">Phillip Ablett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="210176" type="text/json">{"id":210176,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Ablett","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"PhillipAblett","display_name":"Phillip Ablett","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210176/48538/30839196/s65_phillip.ablett.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61777773 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61777773"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61777773, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61777773", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61777773 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61777773; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61777773"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61777773 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61777773"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61777773; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61777773]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61777773").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61777773").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61777773"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3725" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies">Cuban Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3725" type="text/json">{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61777773]'), work: {"id":61777773,"title":"Colonialism in Denial: US Propaganda in the Philippine-American War","created_at":"2021-11-16T05:55:38.854-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61777773/Colonialism_in_Denial_US_Propaganda_in_the_Philippine_American_War?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_61777773","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74730160,"asset_id":61777773,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":210176,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Ablett","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"PhillipAblett","display_name":"Phillip Ablett","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210176/48538/30839196/s65_phillip.ablett.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6224,"name":"American Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":11215,"name":"Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empires?f_ri=8785"},{"id":15347,"name":"American imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":19088,"name":"Cuban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":19187,"name":"Philippine Realities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Realities?f_ri=8785"},{"id":19489,"name":"History Of Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Propaganda?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22559,"name":"Philippine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26064,"name":"Philippine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":28038,"name":"Independence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independence?f_ri=8785"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=8785"},{"id":32516,"name":"American Empire in the Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Empire_in_the_Pacific?f_ri=8785"},{"id":34989,"name":"Political propaganda and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_propaganda_and_Literature?f_ri=8785"},{"id":43407,"name":"Foreign Military Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Military_Intervention?f_ri=8785"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3377446" data-work_id="3377446" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3377446/From_Conquest_to_Colony_The_Legitimation_of_Spanish_Empire_in_the_Philippines">From Conquest to Colony: The Legitimation of Spanish Empire in the Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3377446" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff24b2532b6d502e9ae83bbd1cfed937" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31176626,"asset_id":3377446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31176626/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="380099" href="https://providencecollege.academia.edu/JonGMalek">Jon G. Malek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="380099" type="text/json">{"id":380099,"first_name":"Jon G.","last_name":"Malek","domain_name":"providencecollege","page_name":"JonGMalek","display_name":"Jon G. Malek","profile_url":"https://providencecollege.academia.edu/JonGMalek?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/380099/117922/116425321/s65_jon_g..malek.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3377446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3377446"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3377446, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3377446", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3377446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3377446; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3377446"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3377446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3377446"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3377446; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3377446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3377446").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3377446").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3377446"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6556" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism">Colonialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6556" type="text/json">{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Political_Thought">Early Modern Political Thought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23674" type="text/json">{"id":23674,"name":"Early Modern Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Political_Thought?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30010" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire">Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30010" type="text/json">{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3377446]'), work: {"id":3377446,"title":"From Conquest to Colony: The Legitimation of Spanish Empire in the Philippines","created_at":"2013-04-24T09:11:41.044-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3377446/From_Conquest_to_Colony_The_Legitimation_of_Spanish_Empire_in_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_3377446","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31176626,"asset_id":3377446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":380099,"first_name":"Jon G.","last_name":"Malek","domain_name":"providencecollege","page_name":"JonGMalek","display_name":"Jon G. Malek","profile_url":"https://providencecollege.academia.edu/JonGMalek?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/380099/117922/116425321/s65_jon_g..malek.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":23674,"name":"Early Modern Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Political_Thought?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":791076,"name":"Spanish Empire In the Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Empire_In_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10754857" data-work_id="10754857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10754857/Audiovisual_Ethnography_of_Philippine_Music_A_Process_oriented_Approach">Audiovisual Ethnography of Philippine Music: A Process-oriented Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Audiovisual documentation has been an important part of ethnomusicological endeavors, but until recently it was treated primarily as a tool of preservation and/or documentation that supplements written ethnography, albeit there are a few... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10754857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Audiovisual documentation has been an important part of ethnomusicological endeavors, but until recently it was treated primarily as a tool of preservation and/or documentation that supplements written ethnography, albeit there are a few notable exceptions.The proliferation of inexpensive video equipment has encouraged the unprecedented number of scholars and students in ethnomusicology to be involved in filmmaking, but its potential as a methodology has not been fully explored. <br /> <br />As a small step to redefine the application of audiovisual media, Dr. Usopay Cadar, my teacher in Philippine music, and I produced two films: one on Maranao kolintang music and the other on Maranao culture in general, based on the audiovisual footage we collected in 2008. This short essay describes how the screenings of these films were organized in March 2013 for the diverse audiences in the Philippines, and what types of reactions and interactions transpired during the screenings.These screenings were organized both to obtain feedback about the content of the films from the caretakers and stakeholders of the documented tradition and to create a venue for interactions and collaborations to discuss the potential of audiovisual ethnography. <br /> <br />Drawing from the analysis of the current project, I propose to regard film not as a fixed product but as a living and organic site that is open to commentaries and critiques, where changes can be made throughout the process. In this perspective, ‘filmmaking’ refers to the entire process of research, filming, editing and post-production activities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10754857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbac519c87fa8035aaf8d5feb565afd6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36619630,"asset_id":10754857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36619630/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4219986" href="https://minpaku.academia.edu/TeradaYoshitaka">Terada Yoshitaka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4219986" type="text/json">{"id":4219986,"first_name":"Terada","last_name":"Yoshitaka","domain_name":"minpaku","page_name":"TeradaYoshitaka","display_name":"Terada Yoshitaka","profile_url":"https://minpaku.academia.edu/TeradaYoshitaka?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4219986/5841010/27943018/s65_terada.yoshitaka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10754857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10754857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10754857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10754857", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10754857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10754857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10754857"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10754857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10754857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10754857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10754857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10754857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10754857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10754857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1987" type="text/json">{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37443" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentary_Filmmaking">Documentary Filmmaking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37443" type="text/json">{"id":37443,"name":"Documentary Filmmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentary_Filmmaking?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audiovisual">Audiovisual</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83703" type="text/json">{"id":83703,"name":"Audiovisual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audiovisual?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10754857]'), work: {"id":10754857,"title":"Audiovisual Ethnography of Philippine Music: A Process-oriented Approach","created_at":"2015-02-12T22:17:55.934-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10754857/Audiovisual_Ethnography_of_Philippine_Music_A_Process_oriented_Approach?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_10754857","summary":"Audiovisual documentation has been an important part of ethnomusicological endeavors, but until recently it was treated primarily as a tool of preservation and/or documentation that supplements written ethnography, albeit there are a few notable exceptions.The proliferation of inexpensive video equipment has encouraged the unprecedented number of scholars and students in ethnomusicology to be involved in filmmaking, but its potential as a methodology has not been fully explored.\r\n\r\nAs a small step to redefine the application of audiovisual media, Dr. Usopay Cadar, my teacher in Philippine music, and I produced two films: one on Maranao kolintang music and the other on Maranao culture in general, based on the audiovisual footage we collected in 2008. This short essay describes how the screenings of these films were organized in March 2013 for the diverse audiences in the Philippines, and what types of reactions and interactions transpired during the screenings.These screenings were organized both to obtain feedback about the content of the films from the caretakers and stakeholders of the documented tradition and to create a venue for interactions and collaborations to discuss the potential of audiovisual ethnography.\r\n\r\nDrawing from the analysis of the current project, I propose to regard film not as a fixed product but as a living and organic site that is open to commentaries and critiques, where changes can be made throughout the process. In this perspective, ‘filmmaking’ refers to the entire process of research, filming, editing and post-production activities.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36619630,"asset_id":10754857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4219986,"first_name":"Terada","last_name":"Yoshitaka","domain_name":"minpaku","page_name":"TeradaYoshitaka","display_name":"Terada Yoshitaka","profile_url":"https://minpaku.academia.edu/TeradaYoshitaka?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4219986/5841010/27943018/s65_terada.yoshitaka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":37443,"name":"Documentary Filmmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentary_Filmmaking?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":83703,"name":"Audiovisual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audiovisual?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11417102" data-work_id="11417102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11417102/Kidney_black_markets_and_legal_transplants_Are_they_opposite_sides_of_the_same_coin">Kidney black markets and legal transplants: Are they opposite sides of the same coin?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study investigates why the illegal traffic of kidneys exists and remains resilient in the Philippines. It also evaluates the efficacy of the legal and regulatory framework for kidney (and organ) transplantation, and the corresponding... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11417102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study investigates why the illegal traffic of kidneys exists and remains resilient in the Philippines. It also evaluates the efficacy of the legal and regulatory framework for kidney (and organ) transplantation, and the corresponding implications for health policy. The experiences of comparable countries are noted.Three surveys were employed in this study: 1) a review of related literature on kidney black markets; 2) questionnaire-based interviews of a multi-stage probability sample of 131 kidney vendors from the two largest supplier regions in the Philippines; and 3) a comparative content analysis of pertinent legal and regulatory measures to address the underground kidney trade.Survey results, based on a 4.0 percent statistical margin of error, indicate that kidney vendors are typically males (98.4 percent) who belong to the lower income classes/groups D and E (88.5 percent). The vast majority of vendors (89.2 percent) were unrelated to kidney recipients, many of whom were of foreign descent (60.3 percent). The study finds that certain key elements underpin the kidney black market in the Philippines: an open, brokered and compensation-based contractual system between unrelated donors and sellers. These elements are sustained and reinforced by a robust supply-and-demand interface anchored on brokerage pricing, government incapacity, policy contradictions and public tolerance or indifference.The study suggests that the relative ambiguity of, and continuity between, the legal and underground kidney transplant systems be carefully addressed prior to enacting more specific reforms. The study also calls attention to the unintended consequences of various reform efforts, which are often neglected in formulating health policy and evaluating its costs and benefits.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11417102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b0db14424ffcdab995be12d20d514c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46721075,"asset_id":11417102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46721075/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27778167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RogerMendoza2">Roger Mendoza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27778167" type="text/json">{"id":27778167,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerMendoza2","display_name":"Roger Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerMendoza2?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11417102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11417102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11417102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11417102", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11417102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11417102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11417102"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11417102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11417102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11417102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11417102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11417102").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11417102").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11417102"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology">Nephrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="622" type="text/json">{"id":622,"name":"Nephrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3833" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transaction_Costs">Transaction Costs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3833" type="text/json">{"id":3833,"name":"Transaction Costs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transaction_Costs?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11417102]'), work: {"id":11417102,"title":"Kidney black markets and legal transplants: Are they opposite sides of the same coin?","created_at":"2015-03-13T20:05:40.385-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11417102/Kidney_black_markets_and_legal_transplants_Are_they_opposite_sides_of_the_same_coin?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_11417102","summary":"This study investigates why the illegal traffic of kidneys exists and remains resilient in the Philippines. It also evaluates the efficacy of the legal and regulatory framework for kidney (and organ) transplantation, and the corresponding implications for health policy. The experiences of comparable countries are noted.Three surveys were employed in this study: 1) a review of related literature on kidney black markets; 2) questionnaire-based interviews of a multi-stage probability sample of 131 kidney vendors from the two largest supplier regions in the Philippines; and 3) a comparative content analysis of pertinent legal and regulatory measures to address the underground kidney trade.Survey results, based on a 4.0 percent statistical margin of error, indicate that kidney vendors are typically males (98.4 percent) who belong to the lower income classes/groups D and E (88.5 percent). The vast majority of vendors (89.2 percent) were unrelated to kidney recipients, many of whom were of foreign descent (60.3 percent). The study finds that certain key elements underpin the kidney black market in the Philippines: an open, brokered and compensation-based contractual system between unrelated donors and sellers. These elements are sustained and reinforced by a robust supply-and-demand interface anchored on brokerage pricing, government incapacity, policy contradictions and public tolerance or indifference.The study suggests that the relative ambiguity of, and continuity between, the legal and underground kidney transplant systems be carefully addressed prior to enacting more specific reforms. The study also calls attention to the unintended consequences of various reform efforts, which are often neglected in formulating health policy and evaluating its costs and benefits.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46721075,"asset_id":11417102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27778167,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerMendoza2","display_name":"Roger Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerMendoza2?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":622,"name":"Nephrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3833,"name":"Transaction Costs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transaction_Costs?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":9003,"name":"Kidney transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney_transplantation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":11035,"name":"Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":108409,"name":"Organ Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organ_Transplantation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":546421,"name":"Educational Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Status?f_ri=8785"},{"id":868794,"name":"Transaction Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transaction_Cost?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1981316,"name":"Marital Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marital_Status?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2447478,"name":"Government Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Regulation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2474611,"name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costs_and_Cost_Analysis?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20272881" data-work_id="20272881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20272881/Critiquing_Mother_tongue_based_Language_in_Education_Policies_A_focus_on_the_Philippines">Critiquing Mother-tongue-based Language in Education Policies: A focus on the Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this chapter, we problematize language in education policies that consider a multilingual system of education against attitudes to language that can impact on the (non)success of these policies. We argue that without addressing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20272881" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this chapter, we problematize language in education policies that consider a multilingual system of education against attitudes to language that can impact on the (non)success of these policies. We argue that without addressing perceptions toward the role/s of different languages across various uses, multilingual policies in education may reinforce the hegemony of the English language rather than raise the status of local languages. This can happen because of a lack of understanding of how languages work and function, particularly with respect to vertical discursiveness (Bernstein, 1996) and notions of how power is inscribed in different uses of language. Furthermore, we argue that any multilingual language policy should consider how English and other languages connect to language allocation and affiliation, which, if not considered, can lead to schooling maintaining power relations in an unequal society (Apple, 2004) rather than changing them. In addition, we consider how multilingual contexts with a strong level of English use lead to variations in language whose place must be considered where schooling is concerned. Finally, we consider these policies in terms of the Principles-Based Approach (Mahboob and Tilakaratna, 2011) to language policy. Without using the PBA as a guide, any language policy may just be created without its stakeholders fully understanding what it means. Language policies in a multilingual society that is dominated by English cannot be so simple as insisting on a multilingual system of education. Rather, various issues must be considered to insure that these policies do help toward changing society instead of just maintaining power relationships that limit the access of various sectors to different social, economic, and semantic resources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20272881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0cef8866583e3f34432aa1c17d526960" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41142171,"asset_id":20272881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41142171/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44164" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/AhmarMahboob">Ahmar Mahboob</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44164" type="text/json">{"id":44164,"first_name":"Ahmar","last_name":"Mahboob","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"AhmarMahboob","display_name":"Ahmar Mahboob","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/AhmarMahboob?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44164/14123/13204/s65_ahmar.mahboob.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20272881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20272881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20272881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20272881", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20272881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20272881; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20272881"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20272881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20272881"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20272881; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20272881]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20272881").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20272881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20272881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_as_a_Second_Language">Teaching English as a Second Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1007" type="text/json">{"id":1007,"name":"Teaching English as a Second Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_as_a_Second_Language?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1601" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education">Teacher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1601" type="text/json">{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2524" type="text/json">{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20272881]'), work: {"id":20272881,"title":"Critiquing Mother-tongue-based Language in Education Policies: A focus on the Philippines","created_at":"2016-01-14T13:30:55.604-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20272881/Critiquing_Mother_tongue_based_Language_in_Education_Policies_A_focus_on_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_20272881","summary":"In this chapter, we problematize language in education policies that consider a multilingual system of education against attitudes to language that can impact on the (non)success of these policies. We argue that without addressing perceptions toward the role/s of different languages across various uses, multilingual policies in education may reinforce the hegemony of the English language rather than raise the status of local languages. This can happen because of a lack of understanding of how languages work and function, particularly with respect to vertical discursiveness (Bernstein, 1996) and notions of how power is inscribed in different uses of language. Furthermore, we argue that any multilingual language policy should consider how English and other languages connect to language allocation and affiliation, which, if not considered, can lead to schooling maintaining power relations in an unequal society (Apple, 2004) rather than changing them. In addition, we consider how multilingual contexts with a strong level of English use lead to variations in language whose place must be considered where schooling is concerned. Finally, we consider these policies in terms of the Principles-Based Approach (Mahboob and Tilakaratna, 2011) to language policy. Without using the PBA as a guide, any language policy may just be created without its stakeholders fully understanding what it means. Language policies in a multilingual society that is dominated by English cannot be so simple as insisting on a multilingual system of education. Rather, various issues must be considered to insure that these policies do help toward changing society instead of just maintaining power relationships that limit the access of various sectors to different social, economic, and semantic resources. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41142171,"asset_id":20272881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44164,"first_name":"Ahmar","last_name":"Mahboob","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"AhmarMahboob","display_name":"Ahmar Mahboob","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/AhmarMahboob?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44164/14123/13204/s65_ahmar.mahboob.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1007,"name":"Teaching English as a Second Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_as_a_Second_Language?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":5034,"name":"Language Planning and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Planning_and_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5794,"name":"TESOL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TESOL?f_ri=8785"},{"id":7709,"name":"Applied Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Linguistics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":15439,"name":"Teaching English As A Foreign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_As_A_Foreign_Language?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22559,"name":"Philippine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":38923,"name":"Language Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":229155,"name":"Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mother_Tongue_Based_Multilingual_Education?f_ri=8785"},{"id":469121,"name":"K12 Educational System in the Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/K12_Educational_System_in_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4316760" data-work_id="4316760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4316760/_Slavery_in_the_Spanish_Philippines_by_W_H_Scott">“Slavery in the Spanish Philippines”, by W.H. Scott</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4316760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="480a16a0391041049839a50ea214443a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58348303,"asset_id":4316760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58348303/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5205263" href="https://nus.academia.edu/PeterBorschberg">Peter Borschberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5205263" type="text/json">{"id":5205263,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Borschberg","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"PeterBorschberg","display_name":"Peter Borschberg","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/PeterBorschberg?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5205263/2293146/36384048/s65_peter.borschberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4316760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4316760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4316760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4316760", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4316760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4316760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4316760"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4316760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4316760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4316760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4316760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4316760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4316760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4316760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">61</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4316760]'), work: {"id":4316760,"title":"“Slavery in the Spanish Philippines”, by W.H. Scott","created_at":"2013-08-24T13:09:59.435-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4316760/_Slavery_in_the_Spanish_Philippines_by_W_H_Scott?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_4316760","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58348303,"asset_id":4316760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5205263,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Borschberg","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"PeterBorschberg","display_name":"Peter Borschberg","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/PeterBorschberg?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5205263/2293146/36384048/s65_peter.borschberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=8785"},{"id":4723,"name":"Imperial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5432,"name":"Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavery?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8356,"name":"Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=8785"},{"id":10006,"name":"Ethnic and Racial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_and_Racial_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":11639,"name":"Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":18727,"name":"History of Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22559,"name":"Philippine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":24294,"name":"Gender and Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Race?f_ri=8785"},{"id":25183,"name":"Iberian colonial empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_colonial_empires?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26064,"name":"Philippine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":28507,"name":"History of Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=8785"},{"id":29245,"name":"Southeast Asian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_history?f_ri=8785"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=8785"},{"id":38872,"name":"Exploitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploitation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=8785"},{"id":51360,"name":"Economia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia?f_ri=8785"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=8785"},{"id":53340,"name":"Colonialismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialismo?f_ri=8785"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":65700,"name":"Geschichte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geschichte?f_ri=8785"},{"id":68096,"name":"Derechos Humanos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derechos_Humanos?f_ri=8785"},{"id":69273,"name":"Filipino Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":102096,"name":"Cultura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultura?f_ri=8785"},{"id":104788,"name":"História","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria?f_ri=8785"},{"id":104797,"name":"Histoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire?f_ri=8785"},{"id":113188,"name":"Derechos Fundamentales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derechos_Fundamentales?f_ri=8785"},{"id":118780,"name":"Spanish colonialism in the Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_colonialism_in_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":131146,"name":"Escravidão e Racismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escravidao_e_Racismo?f_ri=8785"},{"id":131148,"name":"Escravidão","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escravidao?f_ri=8785"},{"id":168863,"name":"Colonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":181976,"name":"Filipinas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipinas?f_ri=8785"},{"id":196697,"name":"Direitos Fundamentais e Direitos Humanos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direitos_Fundamentais_e_Direitos_Humanos?f_ri=8785"},{"id":206507,"name":"Culture, ethnicity and racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_ethnicity_and_racism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":225868,"name":"Forced Labor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forced_Labor?f_ri=8785"},{"id":253513,"name":"Slavery in the Muslim World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavery_in_the_Muslim_World?f_ri=8785"},{"id":404083,"name":"Esclavitud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esclavitud?f_ri=8785"},{"id":493395,"name":"Derechos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derechos?f_ri=8785"},{"id":507124,"name":"Geschiedenis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geschiedenis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":790083,"name":"Rascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rascism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":819474,"name":"Servitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Servitude?f_ri=8785"},{"id":858028,"name":"Bondage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bondage?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1001032,"name":"Colonialismo Español","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialismo_Espanol?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1188236,"name":"Historia De La Esclavitud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_La_Esclavitud?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10750491" data-work_id="10750491" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10750491/Kulintang_Music_and_Filipino_American_Identity">Kulintang Music and Filipino American Identity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10750491" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8867493ce5d836df361eec4105f58bfa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36617890,"asset_id":10750491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36617890/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4219986" href="https://minpaku.academia.edu/TeradaYoshitaka">Terada Yoshitaka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4219986" type="text/json">{"id":4219986,"first_name":"Terada","last_name":"Yoshitaka","domain_name":"minpaku","page_name":"TeradaYoshitaka","display_name":"Terada Yoshitaka","profile_url":"https://minpaku.academia.edu/TeradaYoshitaka?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4219986/5841010/27943018/s65_terada.yoshitaka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10750491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10750491"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10750491, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10750491", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10750491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10750491; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10750491"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10750491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10750491"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10750491; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10750491]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10750491").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10750491").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10750491"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1987" type="text/json">{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236801" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Americans">Filipino Americans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="236801" type="text/json">{"id":236801,"name":"Filipino Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Americans?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10750491]'), work: {"id":10750491,"title":"Kulintang Music and Filipino American Identity","created_at":"2015-02-12T17:44:51.933-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10750491/Kulintang_Music_and_Filipino_American_Identity?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_10750491","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36617890,"asset_id":10750491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4219986,"first_name":"Terada","last_name":"Yoshitaka","domain_name":"minpaku","page_name":"TeradaYoshitaka","display_name":"Terada Yoshitaka","profile_url":"https://minpaku.academia.edu/TeradaYoshitaka?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4219986/5841010/27943018/s65_terada.yoshitaka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":236801,"name":"Filipino Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Americans?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66789963" data-work_id="66789963" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66789963/Isang_Pag_uugat_sa_Ugnayan_ng_Nepal_at_Pilipinas">Isang Pag-uugat sa Ugnayan ng Nepal at Pilipinas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper intends to explore the significance of Philippine society, culture, and interactions in today's multicultural and globalized world. As an epistemological approach, it aims to present an informative point of view on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66789963" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper intends to explore the significance of Philippine society, culture, and interactions in today's multicultural and globalized world. As an epistemological approach, it aims to present an informative point of view on the Philippines' multifaceted relationships with other nation-states and cultural communities. Further, the paper seeks to present a preliminary analysis to introduce the two countries - Nepal and the Philippines - and their burgeoning and thriving diplomatic and cultural linkages. Because of the vast geographical, cultural, and political differences between the two countries: Nepal is situated in South Asia and the Philippines in Southeast Asia. The paper clings to the admittance that a limited extensive literature probes into the two nation-states. Nepal and the Philippines are rarely associated with historical parallelism, global trade, diplomatic ties, and migration. In addition to providing macro-perspectives and drawing from the literature of existing Nepal-Philippine relationships, the paper shares in-person narratives of the author during his brief stay in Nepal. Thereby providing a glimpse of how a Filipino perceives the Nepalese worldview. In view of this, the paper aims to expand the existing knowledge on depicting and analyzing the role of Nepal in the Philippines and the significance of the Philippines in Nepal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66789963" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f9fb4c5b6bd3f14a1b1546f50345c7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":91928784,"asset_id":66789963,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91928784/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6925687" href="https://up-losbanos.academia.edu/AxleChristienTugano">Axle Christien Tugano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6925687" type="text/json">{"id":6925687,"first_name":"Axle Christien","last_name":"Tugano","domain_name":"up-losbanos","page_name":"AxleChristienTugano","display_name":"Axle Christien Tugano","profile_url":"https://up-losbanos.academia.edu/AxleChristienTugano?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6925687/2932475/142314228/s65_axle_christien.tugano.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66789963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66789963"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66789963, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66789963", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66789963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66789963; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66789963"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66789963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66789963"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66789963; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66789963]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66789963").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66789963").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66789963"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6746" type="text/json">{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9707" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9707" type="text/json">{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66789963]'), work: {"id":66789963,"title":"Isang Pag-uugat sa Ugnayan ng Nepal at Pilipinas","created_at":"2022-01-01T07:22:19.101-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66789963/Isang_Pag_uugat_sa_Ugnayan_ng_Nepal_at_Pilipinas?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_66789963","summary":"This paper intends to explore the significance of Philippine society, culture, and interactions in today's multicultural and globalized world. As an epistemological approach, it aims to present an informative point of view on the Philippines' multifaceted relationships with other nation-states and cultural communities. Further, the paper seeks to present a preliminary analysis to introduce the two countries - Nepal and the Philippines - and their burgeoning and thriving diplomatic and cultural linkages. Because of the vast geographical, cultural, and political differences between the two countries: Nepal is situated in South Asia and the Philippines in Southeast Asia. The paper clings to the admittance that a limited extensive literature probes into the two nation-states. Nepal and the Philippines are rarely associated with historical parallelism, global trade, diplomatic ties, and migration. In addition to providing macro-perspectives and drawing from the literature of existing Nepal-Philippine relationships, the paper shares in-person narratives of the author during his brief stay in Nepal. Thereby providing a glimpse of how a Filipino perceives the Nepalese worldview. In view of this, the paper aims to expand the existing knowledge on depicting and analyzing the role of Nepal in the Philippines and the significance of the Philippines in Nepal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":91928784,"asset_id":66789963,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6925687,"first_name":"Axle Christien","last_name":"Tugano","domain_name":"up-losbanos","page_name":"AxleChristienTugano","display_name":"Axle Christien Tugano","profile_url":"https://up-losbanos.academia.edu/AxleChristienTugano?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6925687/2932475/142314228/s65_axle_christien.tugano.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=8785"},{"id":259437,"name":"Regional Security in Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Security_in_Southeast_Asia?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33993550" data-work_id="33993550" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33993550/IDEOLOGIES_IN_THE_PHILIPPINES_A_COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS">IDEOLOGIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A comparative examination of existing ideologies in the Philippines</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33993550" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fa2e89a708f1c4d309d0300a5a47a97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53943248,"asset_id":33993550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53943248/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12737391" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RizalGBuendia">Rizal Buendia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12737391" type="text/json">{"id":12737391,"first_name":"Rizal","last_name":"Buendia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RizalGBuendia","display_name":"Rizal Buendia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RizalGBuendia?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12737391/18404094/18357114/s65_rizal.buendia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33993550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33993550"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33993550, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33993550", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33993550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33993550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33993550"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33993550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33993550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33993550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33993550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33993550").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33993550").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33993550"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33993550]'), work: {"id":33993550,"title":"IDEOLOGIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","created_at":"2017-07-22T02:56:43.226-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33993550/IDEOLOGIES_IN_THE_PHILIPPINES_A_COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_33993550","summary":"A comparative examination of existing ideologies in the Philippines","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53943248,"asset_id":33993550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12737391,"first_name":"Rizal","last_name":"Buendia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RizalGBuendia","display_name":"Rizal Buendia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RizalGBuendia?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12737391/18404094/18357114/s65_rizal.buendia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1185359" data-work_id="1185359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1185359/Land_Law">Land Law</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Land Law</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1185359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b0af3cedd7813951fd8818865f5f93b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7331000,"asset_id":1185359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7331000/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="780585" href="https://cambridge-centralasia.academia.edu/boracayisland">Historically Digitized</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="780585" type="text/json">{"id":780585,"first_name":"Historically","last_name":"Digitized","domain_name":"cambridge-centralasia","page_name":"boracayisland","display_name":"Historically Digitized","profile_url":"https://cambridge-centralasia.academia.edu/boracayisland?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/780585/265877/314189/s65_historically.digitized.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1185359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1185359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1185359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1185359", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1185359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1185359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1185359"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1185359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1185359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1185359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1185359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1185359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1185359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1185359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1185359]'), work: {"id":1185359,"title":"Land Law","created_at":"2011-12-28T13:03:41.943-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1185359/Land_Law?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_1185359","summary":"Land Law","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7331000,"asset_id":1185359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":780585,"first_name":"Historically","last_name":"Digitized","domain_name":"cambridge-centralasia","page_name":"boracayisland","display_name":"Historically Digitized","profile_url":"https://cambridge-centralasia.academia.edu/boracayisland?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/780585/265877/314189/s65_historically.digitized.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":4125,"name":"Global cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_cities?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5133,"name":"Reformation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reformation_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":7455,"name":"Gentrification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gentrification?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=8785"},{"id":29987,"name":"Gated Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gated_Communities?f_ri=8785"},{"id":54410,"name":"Urban Renewal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Renewal?f_ri=8785"},{"id":144221,"name":"Istanbul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Istanbul?f_ri=8785"},{"id":957247,"name":"Migration and Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_and_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1013375,"name":"Cultural and Spatial Representations of the Urban Poor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_and_Spatial_Representations_of_the_Urban_Poor?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68011638" data-work_id="68011638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68011638/Bionomics_and_Ecology_of_Anopheles_Litoralis_on_Bongao_Island_Tawi_Tawi_Province_Philippines_Implications_for_Vector_Control">Bionomics and Ecology of Anopheles Litoralis on Bongao Island, Tawi-Tawi Province, Philippines: Implications for Vector Control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Entomological surveys were conducted to identify Anopheles malaria vector species, their feeding and resting behaviors, and characterization of larval habitats on Bongao Island, Tawi-tawi Province, in July and November, 2007. Survey... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68011638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Entomological surveys were conducted to identify Anopheles malaria vector species, their feeding and resting behaviors, and characterization of larval habitats on Bongao Island, Tawi-tawi Province, in July and November, 2007. Survey parameters included all-evening human-landing collections (HLC), evening buffalo-baited trap (BBT) collections, daytime indoor and outdoor adult resting collections, adult female age-grading, identification of natural Plasmodium infections in mosquitoes, larval habitat identification and physical/biological characterization, and adult insecticide susceptibility assays. Both surveys revealed the predominant and putative malaria vector species on Bongao Island is Anopheles litoralis. Anophelesflavirostris was collected on only one occasion. The HLC during the July survey produced approximately 4 mosquitoes/human/night (mhn). The November survey yielded 1.27 mhn due, in part, to inclement weather conditions during time of sampling. Anopheles litoralis host ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68011638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e051b81ff97cdd8b2f1c7756acf13f89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78643444,"asset_id":68011638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78643444/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15225235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MajhaliaTorno">Majhalia Torno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15225235" type="text/json">{"id":15225235,"first_name":"Majhalia","last_name":"Torno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MajhaliaTorno","display_name":"Majhalia Torno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MajhaliaTorno?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15225235/17035902/17218628/s65_majhalia.torno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68011638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68011638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68011638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68011638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68011638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68011638; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68011638"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68011638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68011638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68011638; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68011638]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68011638").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68011638").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68011638"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology">Entomology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="178" type="text/json">{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68011638]'), work: {"id":68011638,"title":"Bionomics and Ecology of Anopheles Litoralis on Bongao Island, Tawi-Tawi Province, Philippines: Implications for Vector Control","created_at":"2022-01-13T15:37:55.926-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68011638/Bionomics_and_Ecology_of_Anopheles_Litoralis_on_Bongao_Island_Tawi_Tawi_Province_Philippines_Implications_for_Vector_Control?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_68011638","summary":"Entomological surveys were conducted to identify Anopheles malaria vector species, their feeding and resting behaviors, and characterization of larval habitats on Bongao Island, Tawi-tawi Province, in July and November, 2007. Survey parameters included all-evening human-landing collections (HLC), evening buffalo-baited trap (BBT) collections, daytime indoor and outdoor adult resting collections, adult female age-grading, identification of natural Plasmodium infections in mosquitoes, larval habitat identification and physical/biological characterization, and adult insecticide susceptibility assays. Both surveys revealed the predominant and putative malaria vector species on Bongao Island is Anopheles litoralis. Anophelesflavirostris was collected on only one occasion. The HLC during the July survey produced approximately 4 mosquitoes/human/night (mhn). The November survey yielded 1.27 mhn due, in part, to inclement weather conditions during time of sampling. Anopheles litoralis host ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78643444,"asset_id":68011638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15225235,"first_name":"Majhalia","last_name":"Torno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MajhaliaTorno","display_name":"Majhalia Torno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MajhaliaTorno?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15225235/17035902/17218628/s65_majhalia.torno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":30444,"name":"Plasmodium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium?f_ri=8785"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=8785"},{"id":52973,"name":"Insecticide Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticide_Resistance?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=8785"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=8785"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=8785"},{"id":246448,"name":"Mosquito Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosquito_Control?f_ri=8785"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67679995" data-work_id="67679995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67679995/Knowledge_attitudes_and_practices_among_parents_and_teachers_about_soil_transmitted_helminthiasis_control_programs_for_school_children_in_Guimaras_Philippines">Knowledge, attitudes and practices among parents and teachers about soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs for school children in Guimaras, Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We determined the attitudes toward and practices regarding soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) control among parents and school teachers to identify reasons behind attitudes and practices that do not promote STH control. Written knowledge,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67679995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We determined the attitudes toward and practices regarding soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) control among parents and school teachers to identify reasons behind attitudes and practices that do not promote STH control. Written knowledge, attitudes and practices surveys were distributed to parents (N = 531) and teachers (N = 105) of students at 11 elementary schools in Guimaras Province, the Philippines. The survey addressed attitudes about mass drug administration (MDA), knowledge about STH control, hygienic practices, and acceptability of distributing deworming tablets among teachers. More than 90% of parents and teachers held favorable attitudes towards MDA. Sixty-nine percent of parents and 75.5% of teachers believed stool exams were necessary before MDA. Thirty-seven percent of parents stated they would not allow teachers to administer deworming tablets and 91.5% of parents feared teachers would not detect side effects of the medication. Forty-eight percent of teachers felt they...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67679995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="808cfc76e547eba520c5301d9c836b50" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78413047,"asset_id":67679995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78413047/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36629537" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VicenteBelizario">Vicente Belizario</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36629537" type="text/json">{"id":36629537,"first_name":"Vicente","last_name":"Belizario","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VicenteBelizario","display_name":"Vicente Belizario","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VicenteBelizario?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67679995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67679995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67679995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67679995", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67679995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67679995; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67679995"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67679995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67679995"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67679995; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67679995]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67679995").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67679995").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67679995"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1605" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil">Soil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1605" type="text/json">{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Health_Information">Consumer Health Information</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20895" type="text/json">{"id":20895,"name":"Consumer Health Information","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Health_Information?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67679995]'), work: {"id":67679995,"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices among parents and teachers about soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs for school children in Guimaras, Philippines","created_at":"2022-01-09T06:18:21.314-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67679995/Knowledge_attitudes_and_practices_among_parents_and_teachers_about_soil_transmitted_helminthiasis_control_programs_for_school_children_in_Guimaras_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_67679995","summary":"We determined the attitudes toward and practices regarding soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) control among parents and school teachers to identify reasons behind attitudes and practices that do not promote STH control. Written knowledge, attitudes and practices surveys were distributed to parents (N = 531) and teachers (N = 105) of students at 11 elementary schools in Guimaras Province, the Philippines. The survey addressed attitudes about mass drug administration (MDA), knowledge about STH control, hygienic practices, and acceptability of distributing deworming tablets among teachers. More than 90% of parents and teachers held favorable attitudes towards MDA. Sixty-nine percent of parents and 75.5% of teachers believed stool exams were necessary before MDA. Thirty-seven percent of parents stated they would not allow teachers to administer deworming tablets and 91.5% of parents feared teachers would not detect side effects of the medication. Forty-eight percent of teachers felt they...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78413047,"asset_id":67679995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36629537,"first_name":"Vicente","last_name":"Belizario","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VicenteBelizario","display_name":"Vicente Belizario","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VicenteBelizario?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":20895,"name":"Consumer Health Information","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Health_Information?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":62145,"name":"Faculty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faculty?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":69637,"name":"Infection Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_Control?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":201203,"name":"Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hygiene?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":303598,"name":"Parents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parents?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":749584,"name":"Anthelmintics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthelmintics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1111004,"name":"Helminthiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helminthiasis?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53273526" data-work_id="53273526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53273526/AN_EXPLORATION_OF_SYNTHETIC_DIVISION_FOR_NON_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL_DIVISORS">AN EXPLORATION OF SYNTHETIC DIVISION FOR NON-LINEAR POLYNOMIAL DIVISORS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper is an exploration of the synthetic division in compact form. The main goal was to develop an alternative algorithm on division of polynomials whose dividend is P(x) = a 1 x n + a 2 x n−1 + a 3 x n−2 + ⋯ + a n x + a n+1 and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53273526" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper is an exploration of the synthetic division in compact form. The main goal was to develop an alternative algorithm on division of polynomials whose dividend is P(x) = a 1 x n + a 2 x n−1 + a 3 x n−2 + ⋯ + a n x + a n+1 and the divisor is D(x) = b 1 x m + b 2 x m−1 + b 3 x m−2 … + b m x + b m+1 , where n > m, a 1 ≠ 0, b 1 ≠ 0, and a i ′s and b i ′s including a n+1 and b m+1 are constant. The quotient is in the form Q(x) = q 1 x n−m + q 2 x n−m−1 + q 3 x n−m−2 + ⋯ + q n−m x + q n−m+1 while the remainder is R(x) = r 1 x m−1 + r 2 x m−2 + ⋯ + r m−1 + r m. Specifically, this aimed to develop an algorithm using synthetic division in compact arrangement when b 1 =1 and b 1 ≠1, to provide additional conditions to the problems where the usual synthetic divisions are inappropriate, and to generalize the developed algorithm of dividing polynomials of higher degrees. Basic research was employed in this study. This resulted to the development of alternative algorithm initially for quadratic, cubic and quartic divisors. Also, the conditions on inappropriateness of the usual synthetic division were identified. To wit, (a) the divisor D(x) = b 1 x m + b 2 x m−1 + b 3 x m−2 + ⋯ + b m x + b m−1 is prime or irreducible; (b) in case D(x) is reducible, at least one of the factors of D(x) is irreducible non-linear polynomial; and (c) in case D(x) is reducible and its factors are all linear polynomial (either monic or non-monic), one of them is not a factor of P(x). As a generalized result, the quotient is formulated as Q(x) = q 1 x n−m + q 2 x n−m−1 + q 3 x n−m−2 + ⋯ + q n−m x + q n−m+1 where q n = a n − b 2 q n−1 − ⋯ − b m+1 q n−m if b 1 = 1 or q n = a n −b 2 q n−1 −⋯−b m+1 q n−m b 1 if b 1 ≠ 1 while the remainder is R(x) = r 1 x m−1 + ⋯ + r m−3 x 3 + r m−2 x 2 + r m−1 x + r m where r 1 = q n−m+2 , r 2 = q n−m+3 , r 3 = q n−m+4 ,…, r m. Hence, the results comprise algorithms, conditions and generalized formula that can be used as alternative method in dividing polynomials with non-linear polynomial divisors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53273526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d11acb592a21f79939676f2d9948d5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70187080,"asset_id":53273526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70187080/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99563606" href="https://independent.academia.edu/INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFEDUCATORSRESEARCHERSINC">IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99563606" type="text/json">{"id":99563606,"first_name":"IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","last_name":"( IIMRJ)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFEDUCATORSRESEARCHERSINC","display_name":"IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFEDUCATORSRESEARCHERSINC?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99563606/21706027/21026675/s65_international_organization_of_educators.researchers_inc..png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53273526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53273526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53273526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53273526", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53273526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53273526; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53273526"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53273526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53273526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53273526; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53273526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53273526").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53273526").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53273526"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2731" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education">Mathematics Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2731" type="text/json">{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524508" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basic_Research">Basic Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524508" type="text/json">{"id":524508,"name":"Basic Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basic_Research?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53273526]'), work: {"id":53273526,"title":"AN EXPLORATION OF SYNTHETIC DIVISION FOR NON-LINEAR POLYNOMIAL DIVISORS","created_at":"2021-09-23T17:38:50.092-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53273526/AN_EXPLORATION_OF_SYNTHETIC_DIVISION_FOR_NON_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL_DIVISORS?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_53273526","summary":"This paper is an exploration of the synthetic division in compact form. The main goal was to develop an alternative algorithm on division of polynomials whose dividend is P(x) = a 1 x n + a 2 x n−1 + a 3 x n−2 + ⋯ + a n x + a n+1 and the divisor is D(x) = b 1 x m + b 2 x m−1 + b 3 x m−2 … + b m x + b m+1 , where n \u003e m, a 1 ≠ 0, b 1 ≠ 0, and a i ′s and b i ′s including a n+1 and b m+1 are constant. The quotient is in the form Q(x) = q 1 x n−m + q 2 x n−m−1 + q 3 x n−m−2 + ⋯ + q n−m x + q n−m+1 while the remainder is R(x) = r 1 x m−1 + r 2 x m−2 + ⋯ + r m−1 + r m. Specifically, this aimed to develop an algorithm using synthetic division in compact arrangement when b 1 =1 and b 1 ≠1, to provide additional conditions to the problems where the usual synthetic divisions are inappropriate, and to generalize the developed algorithm of dividing polynomials of higher degrees. Basic research was employed in this study. This resulted to the development of alternative algorithm initially for quadratic, cubic and quartic divisors. Also, the conditions on inappropriateness of the usual synthetic division were identified. To wit, (a) the divisor D(x) = b 1 x m + b 2 x m−1 + b 3 x m−2 + ⋯ + b m x + b m−1 is prime or irreducible; (b) in case D(x) is reducible, at least one of the factors of D(x) is irreducible non-linear polynomial; and (c) in case D(x) is reducible and its factors are all linear polynomial (either monic or non-monic), one of them is not a factor of P(x). As a generalized result, the quotient is formulated as Q(x) = q 1 x n−m + q 2 x n−m−1 + q 3 x n−m−2 + ⋯ + q n−m x + q n−m+1 where q n = a n − b 2 q n−1 − ⋯ − b m+1 q n−m if b 1 = 1 or q n = a n −b 2 q n−1 −⋯−b m+1 q n−m b 1 if b 1 ≠ 1 while the remainder is R(x) = r 1 x m−1 + ⋯ + r m−3 x 3 + r m−2 x 2 + r m−1 x + r m where r 1 = q n−m+2 , r 2 = q n−m+3 , r 3 = q n−m+4 ,…, r m. Hence, the results comprise algorithms, conditions and generalized formula that can be used as alternative method in dividing polynomials with non-linear polynomial divisors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70187080,"asset_id":53273526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":99563606,"first_name":"IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","last_name":"( IIMRJ)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFEDUCATORSRESEARCHERSINC","display_name":"IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( IIMRJ)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFEDUCATORSRESEARCHERSINC?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99563606/21706027/21026675/s65_international_organization_of_educators.researchers_inc..png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":524508,"name":"Basic Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basic_Research?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49492962" data-work_id="49492962" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49492962/The_flight_and_fight_of_Philippine_nursing_Soaring_the_fields_of_specialisation">The flight and fight of Philippine nursing: Soaring the fields of specialisation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49492962" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3033d7f7d37c80f8f71cdd43204a8682" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67833052,"asset_id":49492962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67833052/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="144637760" href="https://arellano.academia.edu/MaIsabelitaRogado">Ma. Isabelita Rogado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="144637760" type="text/json">{"id":144637760,"first_name":"Ma. Isabelita","last_name":"Rogado","domain_name":"arellano","page_name":"MaIsabelitaRogado","display_name":"Ma. Isabelita Rogado","profile_url":"https://arellano.academia.edu/MaIsabelitaRogado?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/144637760/40203657/33007202/s65_ma._isabelita.rogado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49492962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49492962"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49492962, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49492962", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49492962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49492962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49492962"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49492962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49492962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49492962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49492962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49492962").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49492962").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49492962"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86507" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education">Nursing Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="86507" type="text/json">{"id":86507,"name":"Nursing Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49492962]'), work: {"id":49492962,"title":"The flight and fight of Philippine nursing: Soaring the fields of specialisation","created_at":"2021-07-01T06:07:07.018-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49492962/The_flight_and_fight_of_Philippine_nursing_Soaring_the_fields_of_specialisation?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_49492962","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67833052,"asset_id":49492962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":144637760,"first_name":"Ma. Isabelita","last_name":"Rogado","domain_name":"arellano","page_name":"MaIsabelitaRogado","display_name":"Ma. Isabelita Rogado","profile_url":"https://arellano.academia.edu/MaIsabelitaRogado?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/144637760/40203657/33007202/s65_ma._isabelita.rogado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":86507,"name":"Nursing Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42816332" data-work_id="42816332" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42816332/_2016_Examining_pre_colonial_Southeast_Asian_boatbuilding_An_archaeological_study_of_the_Butuan_Boats_and_the_use_of_edge_joined_planking_in_local_and_regional_construction_techniques">(2016). Examining pre-colonial Southeast Asian boatbuilding: An archaeological study of the Butuan Boats and the use of edge-joined planking in local and regional construction techniques</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Ph.D. Dissertation by Ligaya Lacsina. School of Humanities and Creative Arts. Supervised by: Dr W. van Duivenvoorde, Dr J.F. McKinnon. <a href="https://flinders-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1j4v2dn/FUL_ALMA11122249990001771" rel="nofollow">https://flinders-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1j4v2dn/FUL_ALMA11122249990001771</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42816332" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="712903" href="https://flinders.academia.edu/WendyVanDuivenvoorde">Wendy van Duivenvoorde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="712903" type="text/json">{"id":712903,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"van Duivenvoorde","domain_name":"flinders","page_name":"WendyVanDuivenvoorde","display_name":"Wendy van Duivenvoorde","profile_url":"https://flinders.academia.edu/WendyVanDuivenvoorde?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/712903/254737/7962015/s65_wendy.van_duivenvoorde.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42816332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42816332"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42816332, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42816332", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42816332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42816332; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42816332"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42816332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42816332"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42816332; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42816332]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42816332").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42816332").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42816332"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="396" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology">Maritime Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="396" type="text/json">{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nautical_Archaeology">Nautical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30137" type="text/json">{"id":30137,"name":"Nautical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nautical_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Archaeology">Philippine Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126498" type="text/json">{"id":126498,"name":"Philippine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42816332]'), work: {"id":42816332,"title":"(2016). Examining pre-colonial Southeast Asian boatbuilding: An archaeological study of the Butuan Boats and the use of edge-joined planking in local and regional construction techniques","created_at":"2020-04-21T23:56:10.478-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42816332/_2016_Examining_pre_colonial_Southeast_Asian_boatbuilding_An_archaeological_study_of_the_Butuan_Boats_and_the_use_of_edge_joined_planking_in_local_and_regional_construction_techniques?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_42816332","summary":"Ph.D. Dissertation by Ligaya Lacsina. School of Humanities and Creative Arts. Supervised by: Dr W. van Duivenvoorde, Dr J.F. McKinnon. https://flinders-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1j4v2dn/FUL_ALMA11122249990001771","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":712903,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"van Duivenvoorde","domain_name":"flinders","page_name":"WendyVanDuivenvoorde","display_name":"Wendy van Duivenvoorde","profile_url":"https://flinders.academia.edu/WendyVanDuivenvoorde?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/712903/254737/7962015/s65_wendy.van_duivenvoorde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":30137,"name":"Nautical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nautical_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":126498,"name":"Philippine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":606262,"name":"Boat Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boat_Design?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2606319,"name":"Southeast Asian Boatbuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Boatbuilding?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2606320,"name":"Lashed-Lug Boats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lashed-Lug_Boats?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2606321,"name":"Watercraft Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watercraft_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2607440,"name":"Butuan Boats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Butuan_Boats?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3629380,"name":"balangay ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/balangay?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34831652" data-work_id="34831652" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34831652/The_Distribution_and_Ecology_of_Mammals_on_Leyte_Biliran_and_Maripipi_Islands_Philippines">The Distribution and Ecology of Mammals on Leyte, Biliran, and Maripipi Islands, Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34831652" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cc1ead47bca85275be67161aa02bf7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54689971,"asset_id":34831652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54689971/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14283502" href="https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/LawrenceHeaney">Lawrence R Heaney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14283502" type="text/json">{"id":14283502,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Heaney","domain_name":"fieldmuseum","page_name":"LawrenceHeaney","display_name":"Lawrence R Heaney","profile_url":"https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/LawrenceHeaney?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14283502/17935230/17948416/s65_lawrence.heaney.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34831652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34831652"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34831652, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34831652", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34831652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34831652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34831652"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34831652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34831652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34831652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34831652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34831652").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34831652").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34831652"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy">Mammalogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11186" type="text/json">{"id":11186,"name":"Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeography">Biogeography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17823" type="text/json">{"id":17823,"name":"Biogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeography?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34831652]'), work: {"id":34831652,"title":"The Distribution and Ecology of Mammals on Leyte, Biliran, and Maripipi Islands, Philippines","created_at":"2017-10-11T09:08:10.516-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34831652/The_Distribution_and_Ecology_of_Mammals_on_Leyte_Biliran_and_Maripipi_Islands_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_34831652","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54689971,"asset_id":34831652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14283502,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Heaney","domain_name":"fieldmuseum","page_name":"LawrenceHeaney","display_name":"Lawrence R Heaney","profile_url":"https://fieldmuseum.academia.edu/LawrenceHeaney?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14283502/17935230/17948416/s65_lawrence.heaney.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":11186,"name":"Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":17823,"name":"Biogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeography?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8167958" data-work_id="8167958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8167958/Unlearned_Lessons">Unlearned Lessons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Even if certain actuations of these gods-that-be were already malicious and inimical to public interest, so many Filipinos still persist in believing that the decisions and actions of their “superstars” were right, and anyone who oppose... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8167958" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Even if certain actuations of these gods-that-be were already malicious and inimical to public interest, so many Filipinos still persist in believing that the decisions and actions of their “superstars” were right, and anyone who oppose to it should be branded as enemy of the state.  Ideally, leaders in society, by nature of their official function, must always meet our demands as it is, without regard to political affiliation or social influence.  Their decisions and actions should not be derailed by petty justifications such as “studying further the matter . . .” as it only delays something that has no reason not to be done right away.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8167958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15857391" href="https://evsu.academia.edu/ProfGerryBdeCadiz">Gerry de Cadiz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15857391" type="text/json">{"id":15857391,"first_name":"Gerry","last_name":"de Cadiz","domain_name":"evsu","page_name":"ProfGerryBdeCadiz","display_name":"Gerry de Cadiz","profile_url":"https://evsu.academia.edu/ProfGerryBdeCadiz?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15857391/4283854/101449819/s65_gerry.de_cadiz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8167958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8167958"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8167958, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8167958", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8167958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8167958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8167958"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8167958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8167958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8167958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8167958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8167958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8167958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8167958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="957" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology">Cultural Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="957" type="text/json">{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56012" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino">Filipino</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56012" type="text/json">{"id":56012,"name":"Filipino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73699" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corruption">Corruption</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73699" type="text/json">{"id":73699,"name":"Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corruption?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8167958]'), work: {"id":8167958,"title":"Unlearned Lessons","created_at":"2014-09-02T01:58:53.054-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8167958/Unlearned_Lessons?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_8167958","summary":"Even if certain actuations of these gods-that-be were already malicious and inimical to public interest, so many Filipinos still persist in believing that the decisions and actions of their “superstars” were right, and anyone who oppose to it should be branded as enemy of the state. Ideally, leaders in society, by nature of their official function, must always meet our demands as it is, without regard to political affiliation or social influence. Their decisions and actions should not be derailed by petty justifications such as “studying further the matter . . .” as it only delays something that has no reason not to be done right away.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15857391,"first_name":"Gerry","last_name":"de Cadiz","domain_name":"evsu","page_name":"ProfGerryBdeCadiz","display_name":"Gerry de Cadiz","profile_url":"https://evsu.academia.edu/ProfGerryBdeCadiz?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15857391/4283854/101449819/s65_gerry.de_cadiz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":56012,"name":"Filipino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":73699,"name":"Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corruption?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":103200,"name":"Social Injustice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Injustice?f_ri=8785"},{"id":835719,"name":"Inferiority complex in leaders and how this affect their leadership style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inferiority_complex_in_leaders_and_how_this_affect_their_leadership_style?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1227601,"name":"Abuse of Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abuse_of_Authority?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3268130" data-work_id="3268130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3268130/The_Centre_Cannot_Hold_Six_Contemporary_Filipino_Poets">The Centre Cannot Hold: Six Contemporary Filipino Poets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3268130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3762763" href="https://griffith.academia.edu/StuartCooke">Stuart Cooke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3762763" type="text/json">{"id":3762763,"first_name":"Stuart","last_name":"Cooke","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"StuartCooke","display_name":"Stuart Cooke","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/StuartCooke?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3762763/1359081/1677579/s65_stuart.cooke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3268130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3268130"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3268130, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3268130", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3268130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3268130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3268130"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3268130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3268130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3268130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3268130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3268130").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3268130").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3268130"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3581" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry">Poetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3581" type="text/json">{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics">Poetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6922" type="text/json">{"id":6922,"name":"Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="170252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Literature">Filipino Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="170252" type="text/json">{"id":170252,"name":"Filipino Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Literature?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3268130]'), work: {"id":3268130,"title":"The Centre Cannot Hold: Six Contemporary Filipino Poets","created_at":"2013-04-11T17:28:58.130-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3268130/The_Centre_Cannot_Hold_Six_Contemporary_Filipino_Poets?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_3268130","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3762763,"first_name":"Stuart","last_name":"Cooke","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"StuartCooke","display_name":"Stuart Cooke","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/StuartCooke?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3762763/1359081/1677579/s65_stuart.cooke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6922,"name":"Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":170252,"name":"Filipino Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino_Literature?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_352646" data-work_id="352646" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/352646/Colonialism_In_Denial_Us_Propaganda_In_The_Philippine_American_War">Colonialism In Denial: Us Propaganda In The Philippine-American War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Philippine-American War (c.1899 – 1913), which led to the colonial subjugation of the Philippines by the United States for over forty years and the suppression of the first independent republic in South-East Asia, is one of America’s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_352646" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Philippine-American War (c.1899 – 1913), which led to the colonial subjugation of the Philippines by the United States for over forty years and the suppression of the first independent republic in South-East Asia, is one of America’s forgotten wars. The historical amnesia surrounding this conflict is no accident. It is an enduring legacy of US government and military propaganda, widely disseminated by a largely supportive corporate press, which contributed in no small way to the American victory both at home and abroad. Propaganda is understood here as the deliberate falsification, distortion or tendentious portrayal of events to justify a political cause to the wider public. What I want to argue about this case, is that successful propaganda does not occur in the context of an otherwise rational and empirically verifiable public discourse. Successful war propaganda has to be reconciled with the self-respecting, symbolic self-interpretations of a national community. In the case of the United States, founded in part on a revolutionary republican imaginary but also a racialised and expansionist missionary vision of “Manifest Destiny”, this was not a simple or uncontested matter back in 1899. <br /> <br />This article provides a brief account of the American conquest of the Philippines and the attendant atrocities that accompanied the invasion. It will also explain how these brutal events were justified to the American public as hard but necessary acts of “Benevolent Assimilation”, for the benign tutelage of the Filipino. In particular, attention is paid to how propaganda was used to justify a colonial war, dehumanize the Filipino “other”, rationalize atrocities and erase alternative interpretations of events from the official record.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/352646" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="432882615d07edbc25ac05698ffe9a8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35540465,"asset_id":352646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35540465/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="210176" href="https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett">Phillip Ablett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="210176" type="text/json">{"id":210176,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Ablett","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"PhillipAblett","display_name":"Phillip Ablett","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210176/48538/30839196/s65_phillip.ablett.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_352646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="352646"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 352646, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_352646", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_352646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 352646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_352646"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_352646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="352646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 352646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=352646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_352646").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_352646").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="352646"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda">Propaganda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3356" type="text/json">{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=352646]'), work: {"id":352646,"title":"Colonialism In Denial: Us Propaganda In The Philippine-American War","created_at":"2010-10-22T21:58:08.201-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/352646/Colonialism_In_Denial_Us_Propaganda_In_The_Philippine_American_War?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_352646","summary":"The Philippine-American War (c.1899 – 1913), which led to the colonial subjugation of the Philippines by the United States for over forty years and the suppression of the first independent republic in South-East Asia, is one of America’s forgotten wars. The historical amnesia surrounding this conflict is no accident. It is an enduring legacy of US government and military propaganda, widely disseminated by a largely supportive corporate press, which contributed in no small way to the American victory both at home and abroad. Propaganda is understood here as the deliberate falsification, distortion or tendentious portrayal of events to justify a political cause to the wider public. What I want to argue about this case, is that successful propaganda does not occur in the context of an otherwise rational and empirically verifiable public discourse. Successful war propaganda has to be reconciled with the self-respecting, symbolic self-interpretations of a national community. In the case of the United States, founded in part on a revolutionary republican imaginary but also a racialised and expansionist missionary vision of “Manifest Destiny”, this was not a simple or uncontested matter back in 1899. \r\n\r\nThis article provides a brief account of the American conquest of the Philippines and the attendant atrocities that accompanied the invasion. It will also explain how these brutal events were justified to the American public as hard but necessary acts of “Benevolent Assimilation”, for the benign tutelage of the Filipino. In particular, attention is paid to how propaganda was used to justify a colonial war, dehumanize the Filipino “other”, rationalize atrocities and erase alternative interpretations of events from the official record. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35540465,"asset_id":352646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":210176,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Ablett","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"PhillipAblett","display_name":"Phillip Ablett","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210176/48538/30839196/s65_phillip.ablett.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3947,"name":"Propaganda \u0026 Indoctrination Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda_and_Indoctrination_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5649,"name":"South-East Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South-East_Asia?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6224,"name":"American Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":9939,"name":"Torture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torture?f_ri=8785"},{"id":10371,"name":"South East Asian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_Asian_Politics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":11215,"name":"Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empires?f_ri=8785"},{"id":15347,"name":"American imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":19088,"name":"Cuban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":19187,"name":"Philippine Realities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Realities?f_ri=8785"},{"id":19489,"name":"History Of Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Propaganda?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22559,"name":"Philippine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26064,"name":"Philippine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History?f_ri=8785"},{"id":28036,"name":"Borderlands and U.S. Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_and_U.S._Imperialism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":28038,"name":"Independence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independence?f_ri=8785"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=8785"},{"id":30224,"name":"Torture and antagonist politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torture_and_antagonist_politics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":32516,"name":"American Empire in the Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Empire_in_the_Pacific?f_ri=8785"},{"id":34989,"name":"Political propaganda and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_propaganda_and_Literature?f_ri=8785"},{"id":35566,"name":"State Complicity in Torture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Complicity_in_Torture?f_ri=8785"},{"id":39436,"name":"Puerto Rican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":39872,"name":"Spanish-American War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish-American_War?f_ri=8785"},{"id":43407,"name":"Foreign Military Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Military_Intervention?f_ri=8785"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67858508" data-work_id="67858508" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67858508/Mass_drug_administration_and_the_sustainable_control_of_schistosomiasis_an_evaluation_of_treatment_compliance_in_the_rural_Philippines">Mass drug administration and the sustainable control of schistosomiasis: an evaluation of treatment compliance in the rural Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Preventive chemotherapy is the current global control strategy for schistosomiasis. The WHO target coverage rate is at least 75% for school-aged children. In the Philippines, the reported national coverage rate (43.5%) is far below the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67858508" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Preventive chemotherapy is the current global control strategy for schistosomiasis. The WHO target coverage rate is at least 75% for school-aged children. In the Philippines, the reported national coverage rate (43.5%) is far below the WHO target. This study examined the factors associated with non-compliance to mass drug administration. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 among 2189 adults in the province of Northern Samar, the Philippines using a structured face-to-face survey questionnaire. The overall rate of non-compliance to mass drug administration (MDA) in the last treatment round was 27%. Females (aOR = 1.67, P = 0.033) were more likely to be non-compliant. Respondents who believed that schistosomiasis was acquired by open defecation and poor sanitation (aOR = 1.41, P = 0.015), and by drinking unclean water (aOR = 2.09, P = 0.001) were more likely to refuse treatment. Uncertainties on whether schistosomiasis can be treated (aOR = 2.39, P = 0.033), their fear of a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67858508" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64407bf34982720c8b057ae581013dd9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78545881,"asset_id":67858508,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78545881/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="167482558" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuevarraRanil">Ranil Guevarra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="167482558" type="text/json">{"id":167482558,"first_name":"Ranil","last_name":"Guevarra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuevarraRanil","display_name":"Ranil Guevarra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuevarraRanil?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/167482558/60468262/143477627/s65_ranil.guevarra.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67858508 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67858508"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67858508, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67858508", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67858508 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67858508; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67858508"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67858508 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67858508"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67858508; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67858508]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67858508").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67858508").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67858508"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67858508]'), work: {"id":67858508,"title":"Mass drug administration and the sustainable control of schistosomiasis: an evaluation of treatment compliance in the rural Philippines","created_at":"2022-01-12T05:45:52.712-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67858508/Mass_drug_administration_and_the_sustainable_control_of_schistosomiasis_an_evaluation_of_treatment_compliance_in_the_rural_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_67858508","summary":"Preventive chemotherapy is the current global control strategy for schistosomiasis. The WHO target coverage rate is at least 75% for school-aged children. In the Philippines, the reported national coverage rate (43.5%) is far below the WHO target. This study examined the factors associated with non-compliance to mass drug administration. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 among 2189 adults in the province of Northern Samar, the Philippines using a structured face-to-face survey questionnaire. The overall rate of non-compliance to mass drug administration (MDA) in the last treatment round was 27%. Females (aOR = 1.67, P = 0.033) were more likely to be non-compliant. Respondents who believed that schistosomiasis was acquired by open defecation and poor sanitation (aOR = 1.41, P = 0.015), and by drinking unclean water (aOR = 2.09, P = 0.001) were more likely to refuse treatment. Uncertainties on whether schistosomiasis can be treated (aOR = 2.39, P = 0.033), their fear of a...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78545881,"asset_id":67858508,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":167482558,"first_name":"Ranil","last_name":"Guevarra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuevarraRanil","display_name":"Ranil Guevarra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuevarraRanil?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/167482558/60468262/143477627/s65_ranil.guevarra.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98225,"name":"Schistosomiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosomiasis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":135005,"name":"Patient Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Compliance?f_ri=8785"},{"id":262798,"name":"Sanitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanitation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":437772,"name":"Odds ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odds_ratio?f_ri=8785"},{"id":750853,"name":"Mass Drug Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Drug_Administration?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2947462,"name":"Rural Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Population?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71775555" data-work_id="71775555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71775555/Estimating_Economic_Impact_of_State_University_in_the_Local_Economy_A_Direct_Expenditures_Analysis20200423_57547_2uo2gm">Estimating Economic Impact of State University in the Local Economy: A Direct Expenditures Analysis20200423 57547 2uo2gm</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The focus of this study was to estimate the economic impact of Romblon State University on the economy of the province of Romblon in terms of the university&#39;s direct spending activity. The researchers realized that determining the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71775555" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The focus of this study was to estimate the economic impact of Romblon State University on the economy of the province of Romblon in terms of the university&#39;s direct spending activity. The researchers realized that determining the economic impact of the University would be beneficial to the university itself, to the community where the university is located, to the funding institutions, to the students and other researchers. The general objective of the study was to determine the economic impact of Romblon State University in the province of Romblon. To answer the main objective the following specific objectives were established: identify the source of fund of Romblon State University, determine the direct expenses as to operational expenditure and; capital expenditures; define the spending multiplier that will use to calculate in estimating the impact. The research approached used in this study was quantitative and descriptive. The study used secondary data in conducting the re...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71775555" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6da87e6e44cce287dc881398666bde53" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80979694,"asset_id":71775555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80979694/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="117319240" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BullasDennis">Dennis Bullas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="117319240" type="text/json">{"id":117319240,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Bullas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BullasDennis","display_name":"Dennis Bullas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BullasDennis?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71775555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71775555"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71775555, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71775555", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71775555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71775555; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71775555"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71775555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71775555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71775555; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71775555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71775555").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71775555").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71775555"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4955" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modelling">Computational Modelling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4955" type="text/json">{"id":4955,"name":"Computational Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modelling?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16682" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling">Mathematical Modelling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16682" type="text/json">{"id":16682,"name":"Mathematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modelling">Modelling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16895" type="text/json">{"id":16895,"name":"Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modelling?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71775555]'), work: {"id":71775555,"title":"Estimating Economic Impact of State University in the Local Economy: A Direct Expenditures Analysis20200423 57547 2uo2gm","created_at":"2022-02-17T12:23:36.797-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71775555/Estimating_Economic_Impact_of_State_University_in_the_Local_Economy_A_Direct_Expenditures_Analysis20200423_57547_2uo2gm?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_71775555","summary":"The focus of this study was to estimate the economic impact of Romblon State University on the economy of the province of Romblon in terms of the university\u0026#39;s direct spending activity. The researchers realized that determining the economic impact of the University would be beneficial to the university itself, to the community where the university is located, to the funding institutions, to the students and other researchers. The general objective of the study was to determine the economic impact of Romblon State University in the province of Romblon. To answer the main objective the following specific objectives were established: identify the source of fund of Romblon State University, determine the direct expenses as to operational expenditure and; capital expenditures; define the spending multiplier that will use to calculate in estimating the impact. The research approached used in this study was quantitative and descriptive. The study used secondary data in conducting the re...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80979694,"asset_id":71775555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":117319240,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Bullas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BullasDennis","display_name":"Dennis Bullas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BullasDennis?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4955,"name":"Computational Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modelling?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":16682,"name":"Mathematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":16895,"name":"Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modelling?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":39039,"name":"Keynesian Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Keynesian_Economics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":149214,"name":"Economic Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact?f_ri=8785"},{"id":273324,"name":"Iloilo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iloilo?f_ri=8785"},{"id":369625,"name":"Local Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Economy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":892265,"name":"Direct Expenditure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direct_Expenditure?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2197281,"name":"New keynesian Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_keynesian_Model?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3499664,"name":"Direct Expenditure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direct_Expenditure_Analysis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3499665,"name":"Romblon State University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romblon_State_University?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3499666,"name":"MIMAROPA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MIMAROPA?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3630887,"name":"Hablon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hablon?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3630888,"name":"Joefel Libo-on","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joefel_Libo-on?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3630890,"name":"Habol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habol?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3630891,"name":"SUC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SUC?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68647949" data-work_id="68647949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68647949/Sex_Work_and_Its_Associations_With_Alcohol_and_Methamphetamine_Use_Among_Female_Bar_and_Spa_Workers_in_the_Philippines">Sex Work and Its Associations With Alcohol and Methamphetamine Use Among Female Bar and Spa Workers in the Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To assess the prevalence of sex work and its associations with substance use among female bar/spa workers in the Philippines (N = 498), workers from 54 bar or spa venues in Metro Manila (2009-2010) were surveyed on demographics,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68647949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To assess the prevalence of sex work and its associations with substance use among female bar/spa workers in the Philippines (N = 498), workers from 54 bar or spa venues in Metro Manila (2009-2010) were surveyed on demographics, drug/alcohol use, abuse history, and sex work. Their median age was 23 years and 35% engaged in sex work. Sex work was independently associated with methamphetamine use (19% vs 4%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-6.2), alcohol use with patrons (49% vs. 27%; AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1-3.4), and alcohol intoxication during sex (50% vs. 24%; AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.5), but inversely associated with daily alcohol use (13% vs. 16%; AOR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.5). Additional significant covariates included sexual abuse history, younger age, and not having a higher education. Findings suggest that interventions with sex workers in bars and spas should focus on methamphetamine use, alcohol use contexts, and violence victimization, to ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68647949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7caed84e63c5d10f1fc9aff3cee457a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79057537,"asset_id":68647949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79057537/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="212661893" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NymiaSimbulan">Nymia Simbulan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="212661893" type="text/json">{"id":212661893,"first_name":"Nymia","last_name":"Simbulan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NymiaSimbulan","display_name":"Nymia Simbulan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NymiaSimbulan?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/212661893/71724662/60175086/s65_nymia.simbulan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68647949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68647949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68647949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68647949", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68647949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68647949; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68647949"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68647949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68647949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68647949; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68647949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68647949").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68647949").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68647949"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68647949]'), work: {"id":68647949,"title":"Sex Work and Its Associations With Alcohol and Methamphetamine Use Among Female Bar and Spa Workers in the Philippines","created_at":"2022-01-18T21:34:25.818-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68647949/Sex_Work_and_Its_Associations_With_Alcohol_and_Methamphetamine_Use_Among_Female_Bar_and_Spa_Workers_in_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_68647949","summary":"To assess the prevalence of sex work and its associations with substance use among female bar/spa workers in the Philippines (N = 498), workers from 54 bar or spa venues in Metro Manila (2009-2010) were surveyed on demographics, drug/alcohol use, abuse history, and sex work. Their median age was 23 years and 35% engaged in sex work. Sex work was independently associated with methamphetamine use (19% vs 4%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-6.2), alcohol use with patrons (49% vs. 27%; AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1-3.4), and alcohol intoxication during sex (50% vs. 24%; AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.5), but inversely associated with daily alcohol use (13% vs. 16%; AOR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.5). Additional significant covariates included sexual abuse history, younger age, and not having a higher education. Findings suggest that interventions with sex workers in bars and spas should focus on methamphetamine use, alcohol use contexts, and violence victimization, to ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79057537,"asset_id":68647949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":212661893,"first_name":"Nymia","last_name":"Simbulan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NymiaSimbulan","display_name":"Nymia Simbulan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NymiaSimbulan?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/212661893/71724662/60175086/s65_nymia.simbulan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":91991,"name":"Prostitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prostitution?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":100292,"name":"Methamphetamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methamphetamine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=8785"},{"id":150959,"name":"Restaurants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restaurants?f_ri=8785"},{"id":263078,"name":"Health Resorts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Resorts?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":957189,"name":"Cross Sectional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Analysis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38851575 coauthored" data-work_id="38851575" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38851575/LORSQUE_LES_OISEAUX_DONNENT_LE_RYTHME_Chants_et_pr%C3%A9sages_chez_les_Blaans_de_Mindanao_Philippines">LORSQUE LES OISEAUX DONNENT LE RYTHME Chants et présages chez les Blaans de Mindanao (Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Blaans of Little Baguio live of agriculture and hunting in the mountains located in the Southeastern part of the island of Mindanao (Philippines). They were exposed to Christianity, but they kept many of their traditions alive. In... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38851575" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Blaans of Little Baguio live of agriculture and hunting in the mountains located in the Southeastern part of the island of Mindanao (Philippines). They were exposed to Christianity, but they kept many of their traditions alive. In this paper, the authors focus on Blaan relationships with the birds surrounding them as well as on their knowledge about these birds. Birds structure their temporality – particularly their cosmogony and their daily life –, and partly define their rituals and social rules. Considered as former human beings, birds are mediators able to connect, more than any other animal, the visible and invisible worlds. In this perspective, Blaans do not really try to predict, nor to forecast the future, but rather try to follow the rhythms that are given to them by the birds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38851575" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fdef2d07de0c953d8ed660b43652fce5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58946493,"asset_id":38851575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58946493/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29068281" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/AntoineLaugrand">Antoine Laugrand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29068281" type="text/json">{"id":29068281,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Laugrand","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"AntoineLaugrand","display_name":"Antoine Laugrand","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/AntoineLaugrand?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29068281/25683835/129590506/s65_antoine.laugrand.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38851575">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38851575"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuyTremblay2">Guy Tremblay</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38851575'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38851575').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38851575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38851575"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38851575, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38851575", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38851575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38851575; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38851575"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38851575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38851575"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38851575; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38851575]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38851575").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38851575").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38851575"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds">Birds</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96324" type="text/json">{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="344654" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="344654" type="text/json">{"id":344654,"name":"Mindanao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindanao?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="486669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signs_and_Symbols">Signs and Symbols</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="486669" type="text/json">{"id":486669,"name":"Signs and Symbols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signs_and_Symbols?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38851575]'), work: {"id":38851575,"title":"LORSQUE LES OISEAUX DONNENT LE RYTHME Chants et présages chez les Blaans de Mindanao (Philippines","created_at":"2019-04-18T06:29:32.822-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38851575/LORSQUE_LES_OISEAUX_DONNENT_LE_RYTHME_Chants_et_pr%C3%A9sages_chez_les_Blaans_de_Mindanao_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_38851575","summary":"The Blaans of Little Baguio live of agriculture and hunting in the mountains located in the Southeastern part of the island of Mindanao (Philippines). They were exposed to Christianity, but they kept many of their traditions alive. In this paper, the authors focus on Blaan relationships with the birds surrounding them as well as on their knowledge about these birds. Birds structure their temporality – particularly their cosmogony and their daily life –, and partly define their rituals and social rules. Considered as former human beings, birds are mediators able to connect, more than any other animal, the visible and invisible worlds. In this perspective, Blaans do not really try to predict, nor to forecast the future, but rather try to follow the rhythms that are given to them by the birds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58946493,"asset_id":38851575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29068281,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Laugrand","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"AntoineLaugrand","display_name":"Antoine Laugrand","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/AntoineLaugrand?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29068281/25683835/129590506/s65_antoine.laugrand.jpg"},{"id":80803084,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Tremblay","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuyTremblay2","display_name":"Guy Tremblay","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuyTremblay2?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80803084/24515451/23410826/s65_guy.tremblay.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":344654,"name":"Mindanao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindanao?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":486669,"name":"Signs and Symbols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signs_and_Symbols?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2280927,"name":"Blaan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blaan?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22897517 coauthored" data-work_id="22897517" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22897517/Associations_between_Cognitive_Function_Blood_Lead_Concentration_and_Nutrition_among_Children_in_the_Central_Philippines">Associations between Cognitive Function, Blood Lead Concentration, and Nutrition among Children in the Central Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22897517" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70d11009a3d819c675c3d63758108e59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43436984,"asset_id":22897517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43436984/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34081380" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethButrick">Elizabeth Butrick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34081380" type="text/json">{"id":34081380,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Butrick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethButrick","display_name":"Elizabeth Butrick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethButrick?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22897517">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22897517"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://up-diliman.academia.edu/MarifeBacate">Marife Bacate</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22897517'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22897517').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22897517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22897517"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22897517, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22897517", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22897517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22897517; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22897517"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22897517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22897517"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22897517; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22897517]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22897517").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22897517").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22897517"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition">Nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1907" type="text/json">{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22897517]'), work: {"id":22897517,"title":"Associations between Cognitive Function, Blood Lead Concentration, and Nutrition among Children in the Central Philippines","created_at":"2016-03-06T17:19:21.330-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22897517/Associations_between_Cognitive_Function_Blood_Lead_Concentration_and_Nutrition_among_Children_in_the_Central_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_22897517","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43436984,"asset_id":22897517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34081380,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Butrick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethButrick","display_name":"Elizabeth Butrick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethButrick?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43660849,"first_name":"Marife","last_name":"Bacate","domain_name":"up-diliman","page_name":"MarifeBacate","display_name":"Marife Bacate","profile_url":"https://up-diliman.academia.edu/MarifeBacate?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43660849/12664301/14087480/s65_marife.bacate.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=8785"},{"id":21408,"name":"Folic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folic_acid?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=8785"},{"id":116579,"name":"Lead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead?f_ri=8785"},{"id":120582,"name":"Infant Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Development?f_ri=8785"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=8785"},{"id":147995,"name":"Lead Poisoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead_Poisoning?f_ri=8785"},{"id":157855,"name":"Pdi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pdi?f_ri=8785"},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=8785"},{"id":231497,"name":"FDA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FDA?f_ri=8785"},{"id":275410,"name":"MDI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MDI?f_ri=8785"},{"id":279546,"name":"Association","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Association?f_ri=8785"},{"id":314153,"name":"Pp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pp?f_ri=8785"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":441653,"name":"Cognitive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Function?f_ri=8785"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=8785"},{"id":644909,"name":"Nutritional Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutritional_Sciences?f_ri=8785"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":862679,"name":"Intelligence quotient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_quotient?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1119466,"name":"Food and Drug Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Drug_Administration?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1294974,"name":"National Institute of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Institute_of_Health?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18283572" data-work_id="18283572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18283572/Perinatal_outcomes_among_Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_women">Perinatal outcomes among Asian American and Pacific Islander women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18283572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa6bdd7a9862bd162ace7eda58e7566b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39972477,"asset_id":18283572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39972477/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38265911" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KayDaniels2">Kay Daniels</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38265911" type="text/json">{"id":38265911,"first_name":"Kay","last_name":"Daniels","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KayDaniels2","display_name":"Kay Daniels","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KayDaniels2?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18283572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18283572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18283572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18283572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18283572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18283572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18283572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18283572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18283572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18283572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18283572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18283572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18283572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18283572"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17158" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan">Japan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17158" type="text/json">{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18283572]'), work: {"id":18283572,"title":"Perinatal outcomes among Asian American and Pacific Islander women","created_at":"2015-11-13T07:16:34.523-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18283572/Perinatal_outcomes_among_Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_women?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_18283572","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39972477,"asset_id":18283572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38265911,"first_name":"Kay","last_name":"Daniels","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KayDaniels2","display_name":"Kay Daniels","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KayDaniels2?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=8785"},{"id":55005,"name":"Pacific Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Islands?f_ri=8785"},{"id":58130,"name":"Gestational diabetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_diabetes?f_ri=8785"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=8785"},{"id":349286,"name":"Asian Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Americans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":366588,"name":"Asian American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_American?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":402446,"name":"Maternal Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Age?f_ri=8785"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":514011,"name":"Cesarean Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cesarean_Section?f_ri=8785"},{"id":869242,"name":"Perinatal Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perinatal_Outcome?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1220176,"name":"Preterm Delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preterm_Delivery?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1857822,"name":"Pre Eclampsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre_Eclampsia?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73203846" data-work_id="73203846" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73203846/Correlates_of_HIV_and_HCV_Risk_and_Testing_Among_Chinese_Filipino_and_Vietnamese_Men_Who_Have_Sex_With_Men_and_Other_At_Risk_Men">Correlates of HIV and HCV Risk and Testing Among Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese Men Who Have Sex With Men and Other At-Risk Men</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73203846" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c209b6ff2c5ca91e9a2b58f45822345" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81814816,"asset_id":73203846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81814816/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115517088" href="https://csun.academia.edu/SaraBattle">Sara Battle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115517088" type="text/json">{"id":115517088,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Battle","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"SaraBattle","display_name":"Sara Battle","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/SaraBattle?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73203846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73203846"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73203846, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73203846", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73203846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73203846; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73203846"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73203846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73203846"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73203846; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73203846]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73203846").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73203846").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73203846"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1048" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behavior">Health Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1048" type="text/json">{"id":1048,"name":"Health Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behavior?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13590" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking">Risk Taking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13590" type="text/json">{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73203846]'), work: {"id":73203846,"title":"Correlates of HIV and HCV Risk and Testing Among Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese Men Who Have Sex With Men and Other At-Risk Men","created_at":"2022-03-06T16:21:13.139-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73203846/Correlates_of_HIV_and_HCV_Risk_and_Testing_Among_Chinese_Filipino_and_Vietnamese_Men_Who_Have_Sex_With_Men_and_Other_At_Risk_Men?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_73203846","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81814816,"asset_id":73203846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115517088,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Battle","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"SaraBattle","display_name":"Sara Battle","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/SaraBattle?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1048,"name":"Health Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behavior?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":27385,"name":"Hepatitis C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":112651,"name":"San Francisco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/San_Francisco?f_ri=8785"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":349286,"name":"Asian Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Americans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2717373,"name":"Hepacivirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepacivirus?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3693190,"name":"mass Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mass_Screening?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3887581,"name":"HIV infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_infections?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67809153" data-work_id="67809153" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67809153/Epidemiologic_Study_of_Blastocystis_Infection_in_an_Urban_Community_in_the_Philippines">Epidemiologic Study of Blastocystis Infection in an Urban Community in the Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67809153" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47790b806c6029bf54db748a74b8296f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78505599,"asset_id":67809153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78505599/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43092658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JessaCadacio">Jessa Cadacio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43092658" type="text/json">{"id":43092658,"first_name":"Jessa","last_name":"Cadacio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JessaCadacio","display_name":"Jessa Cadacio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JessaCadacio?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67809153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67809153"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67809153, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67809153", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67809153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67809153; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67809153"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67809153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67809153"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67809153; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67809153]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67809153").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67809153").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67809153"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis">Multivariate Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41482" type="text/json">{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67809153]'), work: {"id":67809153,"title":"Epidemiologic Study of Blastocystis Infection in an Urban Community in the Philippines","created_at":"2022-01-11T04:37:06.119-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67809153/Epidemiologic_Study_of_Blastocystis_Infection_in_an_Urban_Community_in_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_67809153","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78505599,"asset_id":67809153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43092658,"first_name":"Jessa","last_name":"Cadacio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JessaCadacio","display_name":"Jessa Cadacio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JessaCadacio?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=8785"},{"id":85038,"name":"Environmental public health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_public_health?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=8785"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":409363,"name":"Blastocystis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blastocystis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50555288" data-work_id="50555288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50555288/Iodine_Intake_through_Processed_Food_Case_Studies_from_Egypt_Indonesia_the_Philippines_the_Russian_Federation_and_Ukraine_2010_2015">Iodine Intake through Processed Food: Case Studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010-2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The current performance indicator for universal salt iodisation (USI) is the percentage of households using adequately iodised salt. However, the proportion of dietary salt from household salt is decreasing with the increase in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50555288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The current performance indicator for universal salt iodisation (USI) is the percentage of households using adequately iodised salt. However, the proportion of dietary salt from household salt is decreasing with the increase in consumption of processed foods and condiments globally. This paper reports on case studies supported by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)-UNICEF USI Partnership Project to investigate processed food industry use of adequately iodised salt in contrasting national contexts. Studies were conducted in Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. In all cases, the potential iodine intake from iodised salt in selected food products was modelled according to the formula: quantity of salt per unit of food product × minimum regulated iodine level of salt at production × average daily per capita consumption of the product. The percent of adult recommended nutrient intake for iodine potentially provided by the average daily int...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50555288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8aed577095195923545fa23be279012" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68491581,"asset_id":50555288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68491581/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="90952923" href="https://my.academia.edu/CherryMaramag">Cherry Maramag</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="90952923" type="text/json">{"id":90952923,"first_name":"Cherry","last_name":"Maramag","domain_name":"my","page_name":"CherryMaramag","display_name":"Cherry Maramag","profile_url":"https://my.academia.edu/CherryMaramag?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90952923/39474730/32654260/s65_cherry.maramag.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50555288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50555288"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50555288, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50555288", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50555288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50555288; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50555288"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50555288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50555288"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50555288; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50555288]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50555288").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50555288").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50555288"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8783" type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50555288]'), work: {"id":50555288,"title":"Iodine Intake through Processed Food: Case Studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010-2015","created_at":"2021-08-01T17:04:29.180-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50555288/Iodine_Intake_through_Processed_Food_Case_Studies_from_Egypt_Indonesia_the_Philippines_the_Russian_Federation_and_Ukraine_2010_2015?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_50555288","summary":"The current performance indicator for universal salt iodisation (USI) is the percentage of households using adequately iodised salt. However, the proportion of dietary salt from household salt is decreasing with the increase in consumption of processed foods and condiments globally. This paper reports on case studies supported by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)-UNICEF USI Partnership Project to investigate processed food industry use of adequately iodised salt in contrasting national contexts. Studies were conducted in Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. In all cases, the potential iodine intake from iodised salt in selected food products was modelled according to the formula: quantity of salt per unit of food product × minimum regulated iodine level of salt at production × average daily per capita consumption of the product. The percent of adult recommended nutrient intake for iodine potentially provided by the average daily int...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68491581,"asset_id":50555288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":90952923,"first_name":"Cherry","last_name":"Maramag","domain_name":"my","page_name":"CherryMaramag","display_name":"Cherry Maramag","profile_url":"https://my.academia.edu/CherryMaramag?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90952923/39474730/32654260/s65_cherry.maramag.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=8785"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=8785"},{"id":46989,"name":"Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukraine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":86573,"name":"Bread","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bread?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98355,"name":"Iodine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iodine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":190486,"name":"Nutrients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrients?f_ri=8785"},{"id":192551,"name":"Nutritional Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutritional_Status?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1124559,"name":"Food Processing Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Processing_Industry?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1355355,"name":"Condiments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condiments?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2369223,"name":"Nutritive Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutritive_Value?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2700441,"name":"food handling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/food_handling?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35283571" data-work_id="35283571" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35283571/Terrorism_in_the_Philippines_and_What_Does_Poverty_Have_to_Do_With_It">Terrorism in the Philippines and What Does Poverty Have to Do With It</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A research paper that talks about the Philippines' current situation with regards with terrorism and poverty.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35283571" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53176b7ab4fe8df7c53fb4f34095121a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55143939,"asset_id":35283571,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55143939/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71997228" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GPERNES">GHINT PERNES</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71997228" type="text/json">{"id":71997228,"first_name":"GHINT","last_name":"PERNES","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GPERNES","display_name":"GHINT PERNES","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GPERNES?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35283571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35283571"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35283571, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35283571", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35283571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35283571; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35283571"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35283571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35283571"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35283571; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35283571]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35283571").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35283571").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35283571"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2768041" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marawi_city">Marawi city</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2768041" type="text/json">{"id":2768041,"name":"Marawi city","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marawi_city?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35283571]'), work: {"id":35283571,"title":"Terrorism in the Philippines and What Does Poverty Have to Do With It","created_at":"2017-11-28T23:49:00.590-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35283571/Terrorism_in_the_Philippines_and_What_Does_Poverty_Have_to_Do_With_It?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_35283571","summary":"A research paper that talks about the Philippines' current situation with regards with terrorism and poverty.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55143939,"asset_id":35283571,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71997228,"first_name":"GHINT","last_name":"PERNES","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GPERNES","display_name":"GHINT PERNES","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GPERNES?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2768041,"name":"Marawi city","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marawi_city?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15826285" data-work_id="15826285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15826285/Risk_of_ovulation_during_lactation">Risk of ovulation during lactation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15826285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98038554740b901aa392e5727a6d8142" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42865455,"asset_id":15826285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42865455/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35009992" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamLabbok">Miriam Labbok</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35009992" type="text/json">{"id":35009992,"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Labbok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiriamLabbok","display_name":"Miriam Labbok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamLabbok?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15826285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15826285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15826285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15826285", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15826285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15826285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15826285"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15826285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15826285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15826285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15826285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15826285").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15826285").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15826285"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3757" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contraception">Contraception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3757" type="text/json">{"id":3757,"name":"Contraception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contraception?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16038" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation">Menstruation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16038" type="text/json">{"id":16038,"name":"Menstruation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation">Lactation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19826" type="text/json">{"id":19826,"name":"Lactation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15826285]'), work: {"id":15826285,"title":"Risk of ovulation during lactation","created_at":"2015-09-17T15:59:16.078-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15826285/Risk_of_ovulation_during_lactation?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_15826285","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42865455,"asset_id":15826285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35009992,"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Labbok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiriamLabbok","display_name":"Miriam Labbok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamLabbok?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3757,"name":"Contraception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contraception?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":16038,"name":"Menstruation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":19826,"name":"Lactation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98942,"name":"Ovulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovulation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":103289,"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gynecology_and_Obstetrics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":243629,"name":"Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet?f_ri=8785"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=8785"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=8785"},{"id":443581,"name":"Breast feeding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_feeding?f_ri=8785"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1130425,"name":"Luteinizing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luteinizing_Hormone?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14140619" data-work_id="14140619" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14140619/Global_and_religious_Urban_aspirations_and_the_governance_of_religions_in_Metro_Manila">Global and religious: Urban aspirations and the governance of religions in Metro Manila</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14140619" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb51e41b0064afc3a2b23e820c92b8cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38213729,"asset_id":14140619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38213729/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6735" href="https://ateneo.academia.edu/JayeelCornelio">Jayeel Cornelio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6735" type="text/json">{"id":6735,"first_name":"Jayeel","last_name":"Cornelio","domain_name":"ateneo","page_name":"JayeelCornelio","display_name":"Jayeel Cornelio","profile_url":"https://ateneo.academia.edu/JayeelCornelio?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6735/2589/77169084/s65_jayeel.cornelio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14140619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14140619"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14140619, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14140619", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14140619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14140619; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14140619"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14140619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14140619"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14140619; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14140619]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14140619").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14140619").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14140619"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion">Sociology of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217" type="text/json">{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics">Religion and Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3059" type="text/json">{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14140619]'), work: {"id":14140619,"title":"Global and religious: Urban aspirations and the governance of religions in Metro Manila","created_at":"2015-07-17T00:18:12.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14140619/Global_and_religious_Urban_aspirations_and_the_governance_of_religions_in_Metro_Manila?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_14140619","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38213729,"asset_id":14140619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6735,"first_name":"Jayeel","last_name":"Cornelio","domain_name":"ateneo","page_name":"JayeelCornelio","display_name":"Jayeel Cornelio","profile_url":"https://ateneo.academia.edu/JayeelCornelio?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6735/2589/77169084/s65_jayeel.cornelio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=8785"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":115756,"name":"Aspirations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspirations?f_ri=8785"},{"id":124380,"name":"Worlding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Worlding?f_ri=8785"},{"id":143637,"name":"Right to the city","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right_to_the_city?f_ri=8785"},{"id":273042,"name":"Metro Manila","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metro_Manila?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5546294" data-work_id="5546294" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5546294/Whither_Guns_Goons_and_Gold_The_Decline_of_Factional_Election_Violence_in_the_Philippines_1998_">Whither Guns, Goons, and Gold? The Decline of Factional Election Violence in the Philippines (1998)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5546294" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ea69683cb49237f8bdbbe363e2789b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34540798,"asset_id":5546294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34540798/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="137815" href="https://uhd.academia.edu/JOHNLINANTUD">JOHN LINANTUD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="137815" type="text/json">{"id":137815,"first_name":"JOHN","last_name":"LINANTUD","domain_name":"uhd","page_name":"JOHNLINANTUD","display_name":"JOHN LINANTUD","profile_url":"https://uhd.academia.edu/JOHNLINANTUD?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/137815/594123/738298/s65_john.linantud.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5546294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5546294"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5546294, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5546294", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5546294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5546294; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5546294"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5546294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5546294"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5546294; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5546294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5546294").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5546294").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5546294"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy">Democracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17123" type="text/json">{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5546294]'), work: {"id":5546294,"title":"Whither Guns, Goons, and Gold? The Decline of Factional Election Violence in the Philippines (1998)","created_at":"2013-12-28T08:52:06.302-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5546294/Whither_Guns_Goons_and_Gold_The_Decline_of_Factional_Election_Violence_in_the_Philippines_1998_?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_5546294","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34540798,"asset_id":5546294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":137815,"first_name":"JOHN","last_name":"LINANTUD","domain_name":"uhd","page_name":"JOHNLINANTUD","display_name":"JOHN LINANTUD","profile_url":"https://uhd.academia.edu/JOHNLINANTUD?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/137815/594123/738298/s65_john.linantud.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79046611" data-work_id="79046611" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79046611/Paternal_kin_recognition_and_infant_care_in_white_faced_capuchins_Cebus_capucinus_">Paternal kin recognition and infant care in white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Evidence for paternal kin recognition and paternally biased behaviors is mixed among primates. We investigate whether infant handling behaviors exhibit paternal kin biases in wild white-faced capuchins monkeys (Cebus capucinus) by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79046611" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Evidence for paternal kin recognition and paternally biased behaviors is mixed among primates. We investigate whether infant handling behaviors exhibit paternal kin biases in wild white-faced capuchins monkeys (Cebus capucinus) by comparing interactions between infants and genetic sires, potential sires, siblings (full sibling, maternal, and paternal half-siblings) and unrelated handlers. We used a linear mixed model approach to analyze data collected on 21 focal infants from six groups in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Our analyses suggest that the best predictor of adult and subadult male interactions with an infant is the male&#39;s dominance status, not his paternity status. We found that maternal siblings but not paternal siblings handled infants more than did unrelated individuals. We conclude that maternal but not paternal kinship influence patterns of infant handling in white-faced capuchins, regardless of whether or not they can recognize paternal kin. Am. J. Primatol. 78:6...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79046611" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f36e4773975541222666261c0bfd155" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85898668,"asset_id":79046611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85898668/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31804908" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LindaFedigan">Linda Fedigan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31804908" type="text/json">{"id":31804908,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Fedigan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LindaFedigan","display_name":"Linda Fedigan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LindaFedigan?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79046611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79046611"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79046611, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79046611", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79046611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79046611; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79046611"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79046611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79046611"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79046611; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79046611]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79046611").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79046611").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79046611"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79046611]'), work: {"id":79046611,"title":"Paternal kin recognition and infant care in white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)","created_at":"2022-05-12T16:08:51.830-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79046611/Paternal_kin_recognition_and_infant_care_in_white_faced_capuchins_Cebus_capucinus_?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_79046611","summary":"Evidence for paternal kin recognition and paternally biased behaviors is mixed among primates. We investigate whether infant handling behaviors exhibit paternal kin biases in wild white-faced capuchins monkeys (Cebus capucinus) by comparing interactions between infants and genetic sires, potential sires, siblings (full sibling, maternal, and paternal half-siblings) and unrelated handlers. We used a linear mixed model approach to analyze data collected on 21 focal infants from six groups in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Our analyses suggest that the best predictor of adult and subadult male interactions with an infant is the male\u0026#39;s dominance status, not his paternity status. We found that maternal siblings but not paternal siblings handled infants more than did unrelated individuals. We conclude that maternal but not paternal kinship influence patterns of infant handling in white-faced capuchins, regardless of whether or not they can recognize paternal kin. Am. J. Primatol. 78:6...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85898668,"asset_id":79046611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31804908,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Fedigan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LindaFedigan","display_name":"Linda Fedigan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LindaFedigan?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":17113,"name":"Face recognition (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_recognition_Psychology_?f_ri=8785"},{"id":17566,"name":"Costa Rica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costa_Rica?f_ri=8785"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":233219,"name":"Cebus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cebus?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35163974" data-work_id="35163974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35163974/Status_differentiation_agricultural_intensification_and_pottery_production_in_precapitalist_Kiyyangan_Ifugao_Philippines">Status differentiation, agricultural intensification, and pottery production in precapitalist Kiyyangan, Ifugao, Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We explore the relationships among the development of status differentiation, the shift to wet-rice cultivation, and ceramic specialization in the Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV), Ifugao between 900 CE and 1800 CE. Recent archaeological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35163974" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We explore the relationships among the development of status differentiation, the shift to wet-rice cultivation, and ceramic specialization in the Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV), Ifugao between 900 CE and 1800 CE. Recent archaeological investigations at the OKV have established the intensification of status differentiation associated with the introduction of wet-rice cultivation in the region. Previous models suggest that wet-rice cultivation in the region was at least 2000 years old, but current research establishes that the shift to wet-rice farming occurred soon after the arrival of the Spanish colonizers at ca. 1650 CE in the northern Philippines. For elsewhere in the Philippines, Junker (1994, 1999) argued that the emergence of social differentiation in Tanjay, Negros, in the central Philippines coincided with increases in the pottery specialization, which also signified elite control of craft production and distribution. In addition, Stark (1995) viewed agricultural intensification as one of the conditions for the emergence of craft specialization in Dalupa, Kalinga. This paper explores the models proposed by Junker and Stark to investigate ceramic standardization, agricultural intensification, and status differentiation in the OKV. Our analyses of the dimensions of utilitarian earthenware ceramics from OKV suggest low degrees of specialization in pottery production, even when there were increases in social differentiation and agricultural intensification.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35163974" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="139068" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/StephenAcabado">Stephen Acabado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="139068" type="text/json">{"id":139068,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Acabado","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"StephenAcabado","display_name":"Stephen Acabado","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/StephenAcabado?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139068/36906/33901/s65_stephen.acabado.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35163974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35163974"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35163974, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35163974", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35163974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35163974; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35163974"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35163974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35163974"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35163974; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35163974]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35163974").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35163974").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35163974"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_">Pottery (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2213" type="text/json">{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126491" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ifugao">Ifugao</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126491" type="text/json">{"id":126491,"name":"Ifugao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ifugao?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35163974]'), work: {"id":35163974,"title":"Status differentiation, agricultural intensification, and pottery production in precapitalist Kiyyangan, Ifugao, Philippines","created_at":"2017-11-16T09:50:22.828-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35163974/Status_differentiation_agricultural_intensification_and_pottery_production_in_precapitalist_Kiyyangan_Ifugao_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_35163974","summary":"We explore the relationships among the development of status differentiation, the shift to wet-rice cultivation, and ceramic specialization in the Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV), Ifugao between 900 CE and 1800 CE. Recent archaeological investigations at the OKV have established the intensification of status differentiation associated with the introduction of wet-rice cultivation in the region. Previous models suggest that wet-rice cultivation in the region was at least 2000 years old, but current research establishes that the shift to wet-rice farming occurred soon after the arrival of the Spanish colonizers at ca. 1650 CE in the northern Philippines. For elsewhere in the Philippines, Junker (1994, 1999) argued that the emergence of social differentiation in Tanjay, Negros, in the central Philippines coincided with increases in the pottery specialization, which also signified elite control of craft production and distribution. In addition, Stark (1995) viewed agricultural intensification as one of the conditions for the emergence of craft specialization in Dalupa, Kalinga. This paper explores the models proposed by Junker and Stark to investigate ceramic standardization, agricultural intensification, and status differentiation in the OKV. Our analyses of the dimensions of utilitarian earthenware ceramics from OKV suggest low degrees of specialization in pottery production, even when there were increases in social differentiation and agricultural intensification.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":139068,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Acabado","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"StephenAcabado","display_name":"Stephen Acabado","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/StephenAcabado?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139068/36906/33901/s65_stephen.acabado.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":126491,"name":"Ifugao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ifugao?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":370241,"name":"Social Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Differentiation?f_ri=8785"},{"id":371979,"name":"Agricultural intensification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_intensification?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2823031,"name":"Ceramic Standardization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Standardization?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24396415" data-work_id="24396415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24396415/Cohort_Profile_The_Cebu_Longitudinal_Health_and_Nutrition_Survey">Cohort Profile: The Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24396415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6ef7ee3fc67467d7496aa68791daecd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44728825,"asset_id":24396415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44728825/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12770994" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/ChristopherKuzawa">Christopher Kuzawa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12770994" type="text/json">{"id":12770994,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Kuzawa","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"ChristopherKuzawa","display_name":"Christopher Kuzawa","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/ChristopherKuzawa?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24396415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24396415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24396415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24396415", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24396415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24396415; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24396415"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24396415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24396415"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24396415; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24396415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24396415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24396415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24396415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics">Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="892" type="text/json">{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6116" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Welfare">Child Welfare</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6116" type="text/json">{"id":6116,"name":"Child Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Welfare?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24396415]'), work: {"id":24396415,"title":"Cohort Profile: The Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey","created_at":"2016-04-14T06:44:03.574-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24396415/Cohort_Profile_The_Cebu_Longitudinal_Health_and_Nutrition_Survey?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_24396415","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44728825,"asset_id":24396415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12770994,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Kuzawa","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"ChristopherKuzawa","display_name":"Christopher Kuzawa","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/ChristopherKuzawa?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6116,"name":"Child Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Welfare?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=8785"},{"id":93353,"name":"North Carolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Carolina?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=8785"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=8785"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=8785"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77678555" data-work_id="77678555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77678555/Determinants_of_Financial_Literacy_of_Micro_Entrepreneurs_in_Davao_City">Determinants of Financial Literacy of Micro Entrepreneurs in Davao City</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77678555" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52b0b6019653707566d67c82e67b4b9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84983581,"asset_id":77678555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84983581/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7405788" href="https://umindanao.academia.edu/WilliamSucuahi">William Sucuahi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7405788" type="text/json">{"id":7405788,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Sucuahi","domain_name":"umindanao","page_name":"WilliamSucuahi","display_name":"William Sucuahi","profile_url":"https://umindanao.academia.edu/WilliamSucuahi?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77678555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77678555"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77678555, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77678555", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77678555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77678555; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77678555"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77678555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77678555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77678555; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77678555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77678555").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77678555").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77678555"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="300" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="300" type="text/json">{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7461" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Literacy">Financial Literacy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7461" type="text/json">{"id":7461,"name":"Financial Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Literacy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77678555]'), work: {"id":77678555,"title":"Determinants of Financial Literacy of Micro Entrepreneurs in Davao City","created_at":"2022-04-26T07:22:11.186-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77678555/Determinants_of_Financial_Literacy_of_Micro_Entrepreneurs_in_Davao_City?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_77678555","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84983581,"asset_id":77678555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7405788,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Sucuahi","domain_name":"umindanao","page_name":"WilliamSucuahi","display_name":"William Sucuahi","profile_url":"https://umindanao.academia.edu/WilliamSucuahi?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":7461,"name":"Financial Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Literacy?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":351360,"name":"Descriptive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Descriptive?f_ri=8785"},{"id":492767,"name":"Approximate Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Approximate_Reasoning?f_ri=8785"},{"id":891449,"name":"Omics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Omics?f_ri=8785"},{"id":965459,"name":"Micro Entrepreneurs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Micro_Entrepreneurs?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74159678" data-work_id="74159678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74159678/Perception_of_Filipino_Youth_toward_the_Saints_Reinterpreting_Holiness">Perception of Filipino Youth toward the Saints: Reinterpreting Holiness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The cult of saints is an integral part of the Catholic Church&amp;#39;s beliefs that can be traced back to the time of the early Christian martyrs. This study aims to understand the Catholic teachings about the saints as reflected in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74159678" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The cult of saints is an integral part of the Catholic Church&amp;#39;s beliefs that can be traced back to the time of the early Christian martyrs. This study aims to understand the Catholic teachings about the saints as reflected in the attitude of the youth. Exploratory sequential mixed methods design was utilized to develop an attitudinal scale towards the saints for the Filipino youth. Scale development started from the initial identification of constructs using an open-ended survey questionnaire in the qualitative phase. It was followed by crafting the preliminary pool of items subjected to construct validity using exploratory factor analysis in the quantitative phase. The result of the study identifies new constructs about the Filipino youth&amp;#39;s perception of the saints. The constructs identified are 1) familiarity with the saints, 2) saints as intercessors, and 3) saints as models. This study hopes to show the importance of holiness that the youth can emulate from the saints. This study also recommends contextual catechesis as a model for holiness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74159678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32304066" href="https://dlsu.academia.edu/fidesdelcastillo">Fides A . del Castillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32304066" type="text/json">{"id":32304066,"first_name":"Fides","last_name":"del Castillo","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"fidesdelcastillo","display_name":"Fides A . del Castillo","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/fidesdelcastillo?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32304066/10013366/158104257/s65_fides.del_castillo.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74159678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74159678"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74159678, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74159678", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74159678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74159678; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74159678"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74159678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74159678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74159678; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74159678]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74159678").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74159678").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74159678"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1557" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Studies">Youth Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1557" type="text/json">{"id":1557,"name":"Youth Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74159678]'), work: {"id":74159678,"title":"Perception of Filipino Youth toward the Saints: Reinterpreting Holiness","created_at":"2022-03-20T13:34:43.007-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74159678/Perception_of_Filipino_Youth_toward_the_Saints_Reinterpreting_Holiness?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_74159678","summary":"The cult of saints is an integral part of the Catholic Church\u0026amp;#39;s beliefs that can be traced back to the time of the early Christian martyrs. This study aims to understand the Catholic teachings about the saints as reflected in the attitude of the youth. Exploratory sequential mixed methods design was utilized to develop an attitudinal scale towards the saints for the Filipino youth. Scale development started from the initial identification of constructs using an open-ended survey questionnaire in the qualitative phase. It was followed by crafting the preliminary pool of items subjected to construct validity using exploratory factor analysis in the quantitative phase. The result of the study identifies new constructs about the Filipino youth\u0026amp;#39;s perception of the saints. The constructs identified are 1) familiarity with the saints, 2) saints as intercessors, and 3) saints as models. This study hopes to show the importance of holiness that the youth can emulate from the saints. This study also recommends contextual catechesis as a model for holiness.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32304066,"first_name":"Fides","last_name":"del Castillo","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"fidesdelcastillo","display_name":"Fides A . del Castillo","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/fidesdelcastillo?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32304066/10013366/158104257/s65_fides.del_castillo.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":1557,"name":"Youth Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":17382,"name":"Wisdom Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions?f_ri=8785"},{"id":762160,"name":"Saints Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults-1?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74052675" data-work_id="74052675" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74052675/Democratization_through_Migration_Political_Remittances_and_Participation_of_Philippine_Return_Migrants">Democratization through Migration? Political Remittances and Participation of Philippine Return Migrants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book discusses whether labor migration can affect democratization processes and what impact the political order of the host country can have on this potential effect. In migration research, studies on the influence of return migrants... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74052675" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book discusses whether labor migration can affect democratization processes and what impact the political order of the host country can have on this potential effect. In migration research, studies on the influence of return migrants on the societies in their home countries are still few and predominantly concentrate on the economic dimension of migration. The literature on democratization has likewise paid only scant attention to the external factors that play a role in the transition of states in the process of becoming more democratic. Cognizant of these lacunae in research on migration and democratization, this book sets out to argue that return migrants can play an important role in the consolidation process of young democracies. The goal is to explore the nature of this influence and to discuss its stabilizing as well as destabilizing aspects with regards to democratization. As a case study this book analyzes a “labor exporter par excellence,” the Philippines. Research is...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74052675" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9df9328474b9152dfb4ea0a02bd21a43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82344814,"asset_id":74052675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82344814/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4267163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ScottSolomon">Scott Solomon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4267163" type="text/json">{"id":4267163,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Solomon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottSolomon","display_name":"Scott Solomon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottSolomon?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4267163/1694913/2034823/s65_scott.solomon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74052675 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74052675"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74052675, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74052675", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74052675 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74052675; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74052675"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74052675 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74052675"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74052675; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74052675]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74052675").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74052675").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74052675"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74052675]'), work: {"id":74052675,"title":"Democratization through Migration? Political Remittances and Participation of Philippine Return Migrants","created_at":"2022-03-19T00:45:16.257-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74052675/Democratization_through_Migration_Political_Remittances_and_Participation_of_Philippine_Return_Migrants?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_74052675","summary":"This book discusses whether labor migration can affect democratization processes and what impact the political order of the host country can have on this potential effect. In migration research, studies on the influence of return migrants on the societies in their home countries are still few and predominantly concentrate on the economic dimension of migration. The literature on democratization has likewise paid only scant attention to the external factors that play a role in the transition of states in the process of becoming more democratic. Cognizant of these lacunae in research on migration and democratization, this book sets out to argue that return migrants can play an important role in the consolidation process of young democracies. The goal is to explore the nature of this influence and to discuss its stabilizing as well as destabilizing aspects with regards to democratization. As a case study this book analyzes a “labor exporter par excellence,” the Philippines. Research is...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82344814,"asset_id":74052675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4267163,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Solomon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ScottSolomon","display_name":"Scott Solomon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ScottSolomon?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4267163/1694913/2034823/s65_scott.solomon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=8785"},{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=8785"},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=8785"},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=8785"},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=8785"},{"id":25021,"name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hong_Kong?f_ri=8785"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=8785"},{"id":998284,"name":"Southeast Asia Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia_Contemporary_Art?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67542405" data-work_id="67542405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67542405/Impact_of_Enhanced_Infection_Control_at_2_Neonatal_Intensive_Care_Units_in_The_Philippines">Impact of Enhanced Infection Control at 2 Neonatal Intensive Care Units in The Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67542405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d74d7f9e4f8842aed65197216973e10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78319814,"asset_id":67542405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78319814/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="144066244" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SocorroMendoza3">Socorro Mendoza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="144066244" type="text/json">{"id":144066244,"first_name":"Socorro","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SocorroMendoza3","display_name":"Socorro Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SocorroMendoza3?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/144066244/39283519/32564038/s65_socorro.mendoza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67542405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67542405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67542405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67542405", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67542405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67542405; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67542405"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67542405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67542405"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67542405; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67542405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67542405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67542405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67542405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48303" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonization">Colonization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48303" type="text/json">{"id":48303,"name":"Colonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonization?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67542405]'), work: {"id":67542405,"title":"Impact of Enhanced Infection Control at 2 Neonatal Intensive Care Units in The Philippines","created_at":"2022-01-07T09:27:58.707-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67542405/Impact_of_Enhanced_Infection_Control_at_2_Neonatal_Intensive_Care_Units_in_The_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_67542405","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78319814,"asset_id":67542405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":144066244,"first_name":"Socorro","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SocorroMendoza3","display_name":"Socorro Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SocorroMendoza3?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/144066244/39283519/32564038/s65_socorro.mendoza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":48303,"name":"Colonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonization?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":69637,"name":"Infection Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_Control?f_ri=8785"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=8785"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=8785"},{"id":125076,"name":"Sepsis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sepsis?f_ri=8785"},{"id":201203,"name":"Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hygiene?f_ri=8785"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=8785"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=8785"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=8785"},{"id":622774,"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_Intensive_Care_Unit?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1336838,"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2491318,"name":"Guideline Adherence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guideline_Adherence?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3446955,"name":"Carrier state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carrier_state?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=8785"},{"id":3854113,"name":"Cross Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Infection?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66979157" data-work_id="66979157" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66979157/Hapag_Kainan_Dietary_Consumption_of_Fat_Sugar_Fruits_and_Vegetables_Among_Filipino_Americans">Hapag Kainan: Dietary Consumption of Fat, Sugar, Fruits and Vegetables Among Filipino Americans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the variables of the dietary consumption and the anthropometric measurements of Filipino Americans (FAs). The study sample consisted of 128 participants residing in the US... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66979157" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the variables of the dietary consumption and the anthropometric measurements of Filipino Americans (FAs). The study sample consisted of 128 participants residing in the US who completed two questionnaires and biometric measurements. Strong positive correlations between the consumption of fat and sugar and body mass index (BM) among the participants were found. In contrast, the correlations between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and BMI were strongly negative. This study advances the limited body of knowledge on the dietary practices of FAs in the US.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66979157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31881481" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReimundSerafica">Reimund Serafica</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31881481" type="text/json">{"id":31881481,"first_name":"Reimund","last_name":"Serafica","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReimundSerafica","display_name":"Reimund Serafica","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReimundSerafica?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31881481/9480035/10562695/s65_reimund.serafica.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66979157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66979157"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66979157, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66979157", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66979157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66979157; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66979157"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66979157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66979157"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66979157; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66979157]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66979157").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66979157").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66979157"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Diversity">Cultural Diversity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21479" type="text/json">{"id":21479,"name":"Cultural Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Diversity?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66979157]'), work: {"id":66979157,"title":"Hapag Kainan: Dietary Consumption of Fat, Sugar, Fruits and Vegetables Among Filipino Americans","created_at":"2022-01-03T13:28:20.038-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66979157/Hapag_Kainan_Dietary_Consumption_of_Fat_Sugar_Fruits_and_Vegetables_Among_Filipino_Americans?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_66979157","summary":"The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the variables of the dietary consumption and the anthropometric measurements of Filipino Americans (FAs). The study sample consisted of 128 participants residing in the US who completed two questionnaires and biometric measurements. Strong positive correlations between the consumption of fat and sugar and body mass index (BM) among the participants were found. In contrast, the correlations between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and BMI were strongly negative. This study advances the limited body of knowledge on the dietary practices of FAs in the US.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31881481,"first_name":"Reimund","last_name":"Serafica","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReimundSerafica","display_name":"Reimund Serafica","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReimundSerafica?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31881481/9480035/10562695/s65_reimund.serafica.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":21479,"name":"Cultural Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Diversity?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=8785"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=8785"},{"id":208544,"name":"Vegetables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetables?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":349286,"name":"Asian Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Americans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":369093,"name":"Food habits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_habits?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":546430,"name":"Food Preferences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Preferences?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2348526,"name":"Dietary fats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_fats?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2486603,"name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveys_and_Questionnaires?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2529977,"name":"attitude to health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/attitude_to_health?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2533306,"name":"cultural characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cultural_characteristics?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35076079" data-work_id="35076079" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35076079/Francisco_Tello_de_Guzm%C3%A1n_Sevilla_s_XVI_Filipinas_3_IV_1603">Francisco Tello de Guzmán. Sevilla, s. XVI-Filipinas, 3.IV.1603</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Biografía del gobernador de Filipinas Francisco Tello de Guzmán, publicada en vol. XLVII del Diccionario Biográfico Español (Madrid, 2003)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35076079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab634568cf7951b1db7c601f211b8190" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55706182,"asset_id":35076079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55706182/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3591297" href="https://uam.academia.edu/JavierBarrientosGrandon">Javier Barrientos Grandon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3591297" type="text/json">{"id":3591297,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Barrientos Grandon","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierBarrientosGrandon","display_name":"Javier Barrientos Grandon","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierBarrientosGrandon?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3591297/1250378/17033288/s65_javier.barrientos_grandon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35076079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35076079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35076079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35076079", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35076079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35076079; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35076079"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35076079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35076079"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35076079; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35076079]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35076079").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35076079").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35076079"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26064" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History">Philippine History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26064" type="text/json">{"id":26064,"name":"Philippine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45246" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History">Colonial Latin American History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45246" type="text/json">{"id":45246,"name":"Colonial Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35076079]'), work: {"id":35076079,"title":"Francisco Tello de Guzmán. Sevilla, s. XVI-Filipinas, 3.IV.1603","created_at":"2017-11-07T04:06:01.452-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35076079/Francisco_Tello_de_Guzm%C3%A1n_Sevilla_s_XVI_Filipinas_3_IV_1603?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_35076079","summary":"Biografía del gobernador de Filipinas Francisco Tello de Guzmán, publicada en vol. XLVII del Diccionario Biográfico Español (Madrid, 2003)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55706182,"asset_id":35076079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3591297,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Barrientos Grandon","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierBarrientosGrandon","display_name":"Javier Barrientos Grandon","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierBarrientosGrandon?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3591297/1250378/17033288/s65_javier.barrientos_grandon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":26064,"name":"Philippine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":45246,"name":"Colonial Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":60727,"name":"Historia de América","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Am%C3%A9rica?f_ri=8785"},{"id":141344,"name":"Historia De América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=8785"},{"id":181976,"name":"Filipinas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipinas?f_ri=8785"},{"id":957010,"name":"Historia Colonial De América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Colonial_De_America_Latina?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1722199,"name":"Historia de Filipinas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Filipinas?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33935330" data-work_id="33935330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33935330/Preoperative_telemedicine_evaluation_of_surgical_mission_patients_should_we_use_it_routinely">Preoperative telemedicine evaluation of surgical mission patients: should we use it routinely?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Low-cost telemedicine is a viable and secure tool for preoperative evaluation of surgical mission patients. It increases efficiency and optimizes the use of existing resources. More specifically, it helps ensure an accurate assessment of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33935330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Low-cost telemedicine is a viable and secure tool for preoperative evaluation of surgical mission patients. It increases efficiency and optimizes the use of existing resources. More specifically, it helps ensure an accurate assessment of patients before the surgical team arrives, reduces on-site prescreening time, and decreases the number of surgical candidates on the waiting list. Routine use of telemedicine in surgical missions most likely would reduce preoperative times and the number of operations canceled at the last minute. Moreover, it may be effectively used for long-term follow-up care, including the management of any postoperative complications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33935330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d9a764546294308a74f69c2ab87c0bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53901904,"asset_id":33935330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53901904/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14565353" href="https://ubt-uni.academia.edu/FlamurBekteshi">Flamur Bekteshi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14565353" type="text/json">{"id":14565353,"first_name":"Flamur","last_name":"Bekteshi","domain_name":"ubt-uni","page_name":"FlamurBekteshi","display_name":"Flamur Bekteshi","profile_url":"https://ubt-uni.academia.edu/FlamurBekteshi?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33935330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33935330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33935330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33935330", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33935330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33935330; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33935330"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33935330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33935330"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33935330; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33935330]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33935330").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33935330").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33935330"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23324" type="text/json">{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40458" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Surgery">General Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40458" type="text/json">{"id":40458,"name":"General Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Surgery?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33935330]'), work: {"id":33935330,"title":"Preoperative telemedicine evaluation of surgical mission patients: should we use it routinely?","created_at":"2017-07-19T04:22:22.407-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33935330/Preoperative_telemedicine_evaluation_of_surgical_mission_patients_should_we_use_it_routinely?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_33935330","summary":"Low-cost telemedicine is a viable and secure tool for preoperative evaluation of surgical mission patients. It increases efficiency and optimizes the use of existing resources. More specifically, it helps ensure an accurate assessment of patients before the surgical team arrives, reduces on-site prescreening time, and decreases the number of surgical candidates on the waiting list. Routine use of telemedicine in surgical missions most likely would reduce preoperative times and the number of operations canceled at the last minute. Moreover, it may be effectively used for long-term follow-up care, including the management of any postoperative complications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53901904,"asset_id":33935330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14565353,"first_name":"Flamur","last_name":"Bekteshi","domain_name":"ubt-uni","page_name":"FlamurBekteshi","display_name":"Flamur Bekteshi","profile_url":"https://ubt-uni.academia.edu/FlamurBekteshi?f_ri=8785","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":40458,"name":"General Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Surgery?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":255094,"name":"Computer User Interface Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_User_Interface_Design?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1436064,"name":"Preoperative Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preoperative_Period?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33546322" data-work_id="33546322" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33546322/Assessing_the_Burden_of_Pneumonia_using_administrative_data_from_Malaysia_Indonesia_and_the_Philippines">Assessing the Burden of Pneumonia using administrative data from Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To describe the incidence, mortality, cost and length of stay (LOS) of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in three South East Asian countries, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33546322" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To describe the incidence, mortality, cost and length of stay (LOS) of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in three South East Asian countries, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Using Casemix system data from contributing hospitals, patients with ICD-10 codes identifying pneumonia were categorized into CAP or HAP using a logical algorithm. Incidence among hospitalized patients, case fatality rates (CFR), mean length of stay (LOS) and cost of admission was calculated. Population incidence was calculated based on the Malaysian data. For every 100,000 discharges, pneumonia incidence was 14,245 (CAP) and 5,615 (HAP) cases in the Philippines, 4,205 (CAP) and 2,187 (HAP) in Malaysia, and 988 (CAP) and 538 (HAP) in Indonesia with greater impact on the young and the elderly. The CFR varied from 1.4% to 4.2% (CAP) and 9.1% and 25.5% (HAP). The mean LOS was 6.1 to 8.6 days (CAP) and 6.9 to 10.2 days (HAP). Cost of hospitalization was between USD 254 and USD 1,208 (CAP) and USD 275 to USD 1,482 (HAP). The burden of CAP and HAP is high. Results varied between the three countries likely due to differences in socio-economic conditions, health system differences and ICD-coding practices.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33546322" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6648eee9056b4ffeecda512a5892a9dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55658147,"asset_id":33546322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55658147/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65668576" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NamaitijiangMaimaiti">Nimetcan Mehmet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65668576" type="text/json">{"id":65668576,"first_name":"Nimetcan","last_name":"Mehmet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NamaitijiangMaimaiti","display_name":"Nimetcan Mehmet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NamaitijiangMaimaiti?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65668576/18913701/102659071/s65_nimetcan.mehmet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33546322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33546322"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33546322, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33546322", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33546322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33546322; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33546322"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33546322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33546322"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33546322; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33546322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33546322").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33546322").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33546322"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6818" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6818" type="text/json">{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia">Indonesia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8783" type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33546322]'), work: {"id":33546322,"title":"Assessing the Burden of Pneumonia using administrative data from Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines","created_at":"2017-06-19T00:21:26.817-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33546322/Assessing_the_Burden_of_Pneumonia_using_administrative_data_from_Malaysia_Indonesia_and_the_Philippines?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_33546322","summary":"To describe the incidence, mortality, cost and length of stay (LOS) of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in three South East Asian countries, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Using Casemix system data from contributing hospitals, patients with ICD-10 codes identifying pneumonia were categorized into CAP or HAP using a logical algorithm. Incidence among hospitalized patients, case fatality rates (CFR), mean length of stay (LOS) and cost of admission was calculated. Population incidence was calculated based on the Malaysian data. For every 100,000 discharges, pneumonia incidence was 14,245 (CAP) and 5,615 (HAP) cases in the Philippines, 4,205 (CAP) and 2,187 (HAP) in Malaysia, and 988 (CAP) and 538 (HAP) in Indonesia with greater impact on the young and the elderly. The CFR varied from 1.4% to 4.2% (CAP) and 9.1% and 25.5% (HAP). The mean LOS was 6.1 to 8.6 days (CAP) and 6.9 to 10.2 days (HAP). Cost of hospitalization was between USD 254 and USD 1,208 (CAP) and USD 275 to USD 1,482 (HAP). The burden of CAP and HAP is high. Results varied between the three countries likely due to differences in socio-economic conditions, health system differences and ICD-coding practices.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55658147,"asset_id":33546322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65668576,"first_name":"Nimetcan","last_name":"Mehmet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NamaitijiangMaimaiti","display_name":"Nimetcan Mehmet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NamaitijiangMaimaiti?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65668576/18913701/102659071/s65_nimetcan.mehmet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785"},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=8785"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=8785"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=8785"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=8785"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=8785"},{"id":211917,"name":"Length of Stay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Length_of_Stay?f_ri=8785"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=8785"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=8785"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=8785"},{"id":886573,"name":"Cost of Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_of_Illness?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1206482,"name":"Cross-infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-infection?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27031417" data-work_id="27031417" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27031417/Davao_Airport_Needs_Urgent_Attention_for_the_Necessary_Changes">Davao Airport Needs Urgent Attention for the Necessary Changes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The Davao international airport has long been neglected but now that Duterte who hails from the city, is the new president, it is hoped that it will be refurbished for the necessary changes that Duterte, himself wants.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27031417" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d01127623fb1f22d6e4505234be48bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47284460,"asset_id":27031417,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47284460/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16465105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApolinarioVillalobos">Apolinario Villalobos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16465105" type="text/json">{"id":16465105,"first_name":"Apolinario","last_name":"Villalobos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ApolinarioVillalobos","display_name":"Apolinario Villalobos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ApolinarioVillalobos?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16465105/20447908/20104269/s65_apolinario.villalobos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27031417 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27031417"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27031417, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27031417", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27031417 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27031417; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27031417"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27031417 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27031417"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27031417; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27031417]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27031417").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27031417").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27031417"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43883" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism">Tourism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43883" type="text/json">{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56012" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino">Filipino</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56012" type="text/json">{"id":56012,"name":"Filipino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="271548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Davao_City">Davao City</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="271548" type="text/json">{"id":271548,"name":"Davao City","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Davao_City?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27031417]'), work: {"id":27031417,"title":"Davao Airport Needs Urgent Attention for the Necessary Changes","created_at":"2016-07-16T15:59:49.796-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27031417/Davao_Airport_Needs_Urgent_Attention_for_the_Necessary_Changes?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_27031417","summary":"The Davao international airport has long been neglected but now that Duterte who hails from the city, is the new president, it is hoped that it will be refurbished for the necessary changes that Duterte, himself wants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47284460,"asset_id":27031417,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16465105,"first_name":"Apolinario","last_name":"Villalobos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ApolinarioVillalobos","display_name":"Apolinario Villalobos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ApolinarioVillalobos?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16465105/20447908/20104269/s65_apolinario.villalobos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":56012,"name":"Filipino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filipino?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":271548,"name":"Davao City","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Davao_City?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":344654,"name":"Mindanao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindanao?f_ri=8785"},{"id":416765,"name":"Davao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Davao?f_ri=8785"},{"id":428318,"name":"Philippine Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Tourism?f_ri=8785"},{"id":1469848,"name":"Durian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Durian?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2329494,"name":"Apolinario Villalobos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apolinario_Villalobos?f_ri=8785"},{"id":2497195,"name":"Kadayawan festival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kadayawan_festival?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20318620" data-work_id="20318620" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20318620/Anglo_Saxonism_in_the_Yukon_The_Klondike_Nugget_and_American_British_Relations_in_the_Two_Wests_1898_1901">Anglo-Saxonism in the Yukon: The _Klondike Nugget_ and American-British Relations in the ‘Two Wests,’ 1898-1901</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the Klondike Gold Rush, Americans and Britons connected their joint local experiences with the simultaneous colonial conquests in Cuba, the Philippines, South Africa, and China through the ideology of Anglo-Saxonism. From 1898 to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20318620" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the Klondike Gold Rush, Americans and Britons connected their joint local experiences with the simultaneous colonial conquests in Cuba, the Philippines, South Africa, and China through the ideology of Anglo-Saxonism. From 1898 to 1901 Dawson’s newspapers, memoirs, correspondence, and commercial photography demonstrated the power of this symbolic language of flags and balls, heated rhetoric and dazzling cartoons. The Klondike Nugget, the first newspaper in town and the only one run by Americans, took up the claims of global Anglo-Saxonism with the most fervor, although its sentiments were often echoed in the Canadian-edited Dawson Daily News. Differences re-emerged, especially over the boundary between Alaska and Canada, but this brief episode remained deeply imprinted in narratives of the “two Wests”—both of the North American frontier West and the West as Anglo-Saxon civilization—told at the turn of the twentieth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20318620" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e3ac4d0809cb847521903a7bac9d9ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41278321,"asset_id":20318620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41278321/download_file?st=MTczMjQyMjk3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="87529" href="https://iona.academia.edu/AdamArenson">Adam Arenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="87529" type="text/json">{"id":87529,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Arenson","domain_name":"iona","page_name":"AdamArenson","display_name":"Adam Arenson","profile_url":"https://iona.academia.edu/AdamArenson?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87529/24398/22520/s65_adam.arenson.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20318620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20318620"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20318620, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20318620", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20318620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20318620; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20318620"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20318620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20318620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20318620; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20318620]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20318620").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20318620").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20318620"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10469" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whiteness_Studies">Whiteness Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10469" type="text/json">{"id":10469,"name":"Whiteness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whiteness_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism">Imperialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56908" type="text/json">{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20318620]'), work: {"id":20318620,"title":"Anglo-Saxonism in the Yukon: The _Klondike Nugget_ and American-British Relations in the ‘Two Wests,’ 1898-1901","created_at":"2016-01-16T18:42:30.736-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20318620/Anglo_Saxonism_in_the_Yukon_The_Klondike_Nugget_and_American_British_Relations_in_the_Two_Wests_1898_1901?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_20318620","summary":"During the Klondike Gold Rush, Americans and Britons connected their joint local experiences with the simultaneous colonial conquests in Cuba, the Philippines, South Africa, and China through the ideology of Anglo-Saxonism. From 1898 to 1901 Dawson’s newspapers, memoirs, correspondence, and commercial photography demonstrated the power of this symbolic language of flags and balls, heated rhetoric and dazzling cartoons. The Klondike Nugget, the first newspaper in town and the only one run by Americans, took up the claims of global Anglo-Saxonism with the most fervor, although its sentiments were often echoed in the Canadian-edited Dawson Daily News. Differences re-emerged, especially over the boundary between Alaska and Canada, but this brief episode remained deeply imprinted in narratives of the “two Wests”—both of the North American frontier West and the West as Anglo-Saxon civilization—told at the turn of the twentieth century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41278321,"asset_id":20318620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":87529,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Arenson","domain_name":"iona","page_name":"AdamArenson","display_name":"Adam Arenson","profile_url":"https://iona.academia.edu/AdamArenson?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87529/24398/22520/s65_adam.arenson.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":10469,"name":"Whiteness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whiteness_Studies?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":248562,"name":"Yukon Territory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yukon_Territory?f_ri=8785"},{"id":659210,"name":"US UK special relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/US_UK_special_relationship?f_ri=8785"},{"id":729266,"name":"Klondike","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Klondike?f_ri=8785"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65238463" data-work_id="65238463" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65238463/Mutual_Empowerment_Examining_the_Power_Relationship_Between_Overseas_Filipino_Workers_and_the_Motherland">Mutual Empowerment? Examining the Power Relationship Between Overseas Filipino Workers and the Motherland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The relationship between overseas Filipino workers and the Philippine government is often portrayed as one of “mutual empowerment.” However, the comparison of the effectiveness of recent policies intended to enfranchise overseas Filipino... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65238463" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The relationship between overseas Filipino workers and the Philippine government is often portrayed as one of “mutual empowerment.” However, the comparison of the effectiveness of recent policies intended to enfranchise overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and the economic consequences of reliance on OFW remittances questions the validity of this depiction. Rather, the relationship between OFWs and the Philip- pine government is best described as one of “mutual enabling.” The political measures intended to benefit OFWs are often ineffective or may even limit OFWs’ civil liberties, while a remittance-based economy fuels massive consumption spending and entrench- es a culture of political inertia that impedes long-term sustainable development at the national level.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65238463" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="208474353" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/AWozniak">Audrey M Wozniak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="208474353" type="text/json">{"id":208474353,"first_name":"Audrey","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AWozniak","display_name":"Audrey M Wozniak","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AWozniak?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208474353/68479840/121453905/s65_audrey.wozniak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65238463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65238463"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65238463, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65238463", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65238463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65238463; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65238463"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65238463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65238463"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65238463; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65238463]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65238463").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65238463").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65238463"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54939" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remittances">Remittances</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54939" type="text/json">{"id":54939,"name":"Remittances","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remittances?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="493279" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overseas_Filipino_Workers">Overseas Filipino Workers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="493279" type="text/json">{"id":493279,"name":"Overseas Filipino Workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overseas_Filipino_Workers?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65238463]'), work: {"id":65238463,"title":"Mutual Empowerment? Examining the Power Relationship Between Overseas Filipino Workers and the Motherland","created_at":"2021-12-20T21:47:00.557-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65238463/Mutual_Empowerment_Examining_the_Power_Relationship_Between_Overseas_Filipino_Workers_and_the_Motherland?f_ri=8785","dom_id":"work_65238463","summary":"The relationship between overseas Filipino workers and the Philippine government is often portrayed as one of “mutual empowerment.” However, the comparison of the effectiveness of recent policies intended to enfranchise overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and the economic consequences of reliance on OFW remittances questions the validity of this depiction. Rather, the relationship between OFWs and the Philip- pine government is best described as one of “mutual enabling.” The political measures intended to benefit OFWs are often ineffective or may even limit OFWs’ civil liberties, while a remittance-based economy fuels massive consumption spending and entrench- es a culture of political inertia that impedes long-term sustainable development at the national level.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":208474353,"first_name":"Audrey","last_name":"Wozniak","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AWozniak","display_name":"Audrey M Wozniak","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AWozniak?f_ri=8785","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208474353/68479840/121453905/s65_audrey.wozniak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":54939,"name":"Remittances","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remittances?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false},{"id":493279,"name":"Overseas Filipino Workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overseas_Filipino_Workers?f_ri=8785","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Philippines?after=50%2C65238463" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Philippines?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1031">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1031">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies">Philippine Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="22559">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="22559">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="6746">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="6746">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_History">Philippine History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="26064">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="26064">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Philippines">Colonial Philippines</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="84794">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="84794">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_history">Southeast Asian history</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="29245">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="29245">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism">Colonialism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="6556">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="6556">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History">Global History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="13334">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="13334">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="380">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="380">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Moros_Of_Mindanao_In_Southern_Philippines">The Moros Of Mindanao In Southern Philippines</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="15468">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="15468">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "a5637375ddac890be0f4cba47e20efd207c2bd29ca8623177b24c797f94bfe26", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="HxM5JiK/Lcrxg4cdMCLueKt1TuLa/Sm2cKdJRyC0Bn+Ho2xf89Bjqe6KUjcykReaR56kFoxj1Bpd2uDXvs/Apw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="EmIn6oLRo1+fzt4k3WVy7KdpOA9NIUTF4Z43czbZrceK0nKTU77tPIDHCw7f1osOS4LS+xu/uWnM457jqKJrHw==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>