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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vækst og udbredelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vækst_og_udbredelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anvendelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder/Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder/Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kilder/Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder/Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bregne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 41 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سرخسانية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرخسانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="سراخس رقيقة المباغ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سراخس رقيقة المباغ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1j%C4%B1lar" title="Qıjılar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qıjılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Абаға һымаҡтар – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Абаға һымаҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Папараці – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Папараці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Папратовидни – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Папратовидни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapradiny" title="Kapradiny – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapradiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Чăн упасарри – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чăн упасарри" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echte_Farne" title="Echte Farne – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Echte Farne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veraj_filikoj" title="Veraj filikoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Veraj filikoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keerdlehikud" title="Keerdlehikud – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keerdlehikud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرخس باریک‌هاگدان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرخس باریک‌هاگدان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicopsida" title="Filicopsida – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Filicopsida" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שרכאים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרכאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papratnice" title="Papratnice – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Papratnice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%B3di_p%C3%A1fr%C3%A1nyok" title="Valódi páfrányok – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valódi páfrányok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%91%89%E3%82%B7%E3%83%80%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="大葉シダ植物 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大葉シダ植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%82%AC%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%95" title="고사리강 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고사리강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ertvainiai" title="Šertvainiai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šertvainiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregnar" title="Bregnar – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bregnar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregneplanter" title="Bregneplanter – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bregneplanter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprocie_cienkozarodniowe" title="Paprocie cienkozarodniowe – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paprocie cienkozarodniowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Папоротниковые – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папоротниковые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1iskkit" title="Gáiskkit – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gáiskkit" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Папоротевидні – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папоротевидні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_x%E1%BB%89" title="Lớp Dương xỉ – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lớp Dương xỉ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polypodiopsida" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%BE%8D%E9%AA%A8%E7%B6%B1" title="水龍骨綱 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水龍骨綱" 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Bregne" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li 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href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bregne"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bregne&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polypodiopsida" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q373615" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: lightgreen;">Bregner</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Almindelig Mangeløv"><img alt="Almindelig Mangeløv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG/310px-Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG/465px-Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG/620px-Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="979" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Almindelig Mangeløv</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/Klassifikation" title="Klassifikation">Videnskabelig klassifikation</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rige_(biologi)" title="Rige (biologi)">Rige</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Plantae (<a href="/wiki/Plante" class="mw-redirect" title="Plante">Planter</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Underrige" title="Underrige">Underrige</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Embryophyta (<a href="/wiki/St%C3%A6ngelplanter" title="Stængelplanter">Stængelplanter</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i>(urangeret)</i></th><td class="infobox-data">Tracheobionta (<a href="/wiki/Karplanter" title="Karplanter">Karplanter</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (biologi)">Division</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pteridophyta" title="Pteridophyta">Pteridophyta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologi)" title="Klasse (biologi)">Klasse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Polypodiopsida</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background: lightgreen;"><small><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Taksobokse" title="Hjælp:Taksobokse">Hjælp til læsning af taksobokse</a></small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bregner (<i>Polypodiopsida</i>)</b> er en klasse af planter, som består af omkring 20.000 <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arter</a>. En bregne er en <a href="/wiki/Karplanter" title="Karplanter">karplante</a>, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formere (ikke skrevet endnu)">formerer</a> sig ved hjælp af <a href="/wiki/Spore_(botanik)" title="Spore (botanik)">sporer</a>. Sporerne dannes på overfladen af bregnebladene – normalt på undersiden. Bregner kan være meget forskellige, men mange består af små eller store fint fjersnitdelte blade der udgår fra samme punkt (en <a href="/wiki/Rod_(plantedel)" title="Rod (plantedel)">rod</a> eller et vækstpunkt på en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodstok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodstok (ikke skrevet endnu)">rodstok</a>). </p> <ul><li>Aktuel klassificering: <a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologi)" title="Klasse (biologi)">Klasse</a>: <b>Bregner</b> (<i>Polypodiopsida</i>, tidligere <i>Filicopsida, Pteropsida</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ældre klassificering: Klasse: <i>Filicatae</i></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <table> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" width="200" align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"><b><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biologi)" title="Orden (biologi)">Ordener</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Cyatheales</i></li></ul> <p><i></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engels%C3%B8d-ordenen" title="Engelsød-ordenen">Engelsød-ordenen</a> (<i>Polypodiales</i>) (12.000 arter – her er de fleste bregnearter placeret)</li> <li><i>Gleicheniales</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindebregne-ordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindebregne-ordenen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hindebregne-ordenen</a> (<i>Hymenophyllales</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongebregne-ordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongebregne-ordenen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kongebregne-ordenen</a> (<i>Osmundales</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvinia-ordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvinia-ordenen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Salvinia-ordenen</a> (<i>Salviniales</i>)</li> <li><i>Schizaeales</i></li></ul> <hr /> <p>Flere familier under Engelsød-ordenen var tidligere placeret i separate ordner: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radel%C3%B8v-ordenen" title="Radeløv-ordenen">Radeløv-ordenen</a> (<i>Aspleniales</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangel%C3%B8v-ordenen" title="Mangeløv-ordenen">Mangeløv-ordenen</a> (<i>Dryopteriales</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98rnebregne-ordenen" title="Ørnebregne-ordenen">Ørnebregne-ordenen</a> (<i>Dennstaedtiales</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6bregne-ordenen" title="Træbregne-ordenen">Træbregne-ordenen</a> (<i>Cyatheales</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongebregne-ordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongebregne-ordenen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kongebregne-ordenen</a> (<i>Osmundales</i>)</li></ul> <p>Pilledrager-familien var tidligere placeret i en separat orden, Pilledrager-ordenen (<i>Marsileales</i>), men er nu placeret under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvinia-ordenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvinia-ordenen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Salvinia-ordenen</a> (<i>Salviniales</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vækst_og_udbredelse"><span id="V.C3.A6kst_og_udbredelse"></span>Vækst og udbredelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Vækst og udbredelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Vækst og udbredelse"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De fleste bregner kræver et miljø hvor der er en del fugtighed i jorden, i hvert fald en stor del af året: Nogle bregner lever i vand, men de fleste hører til på/i fugtige eller let fugtige skove og enge. Bregner vokser gerne i forbindelse med delvist omsat organisk materiale, f.eks. halvrådne træstammer. I troperne ses bregner ofte voksende på træer, ofte <a href="/wiki/Epifyt" title="Epifyt">epifytisk</a> mens andre vokser på døde eller delvis døde træstammer – bregner der vokser på træstubbe ses også i Danmark, men her er der ikke tale om epifytisk vækst. En enkelt epifytisk bregne, <a href="/wiki/Almindelig_Engels%C3%B8d" class="mw-redirect" title="Almindelig Engelsød">Almindelig Engelsød</a>, forekommer i Danmark. </p><p>Bregner findes på alle kontinenter, dog formentlig undtagen Antarktis. Bregner findes også i alle klimazoner, men ses ikke i ørken-egne eller i andre områder med for lidt fugtighed. Trods behovet for fugtighed forekommer bregner også i miljøer der forekommer tørre (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aride (ikke skrevet endnu)">aride</a>), men i så fald er der som regel en skjult kilde til fugtighed, f.eks. i jorden eller perioder i døgnet med høj luftfugtighed der falder som dug. </p><p>Langt de fleste bregner er urteagtige, men der findes <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6bregne-ordenen" title="Træbregne-ordenen">træagtige bregner</a>. </p><p>Flere bregner er almindelige i Danmark, typisk i skoven, bl.a. <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rnebregne" title="Ørnebregne">Ørnebregne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almindelig_Engels%C3%B8d" class="mw-redirect" title="Almindelig Engelsød">Almindelig Engelsød</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almindelig_Mangel%C3%B8v" class="mw-redirect" title="Almindelig Mangeløv">Almindelig Mangeløv</a> m.fl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anvendelse">Anvendelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Anvendelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Anvendelse"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bregner dyrkes normalt ikke som afgrøder, men en hel del bregner bruges som prydplanter. Bregner indgår ofte i en fintfølende balance med sine omgivelser, og mange arter af bregner er sjældne eller truede fordi deres miljø indskrænkes af menneskets aktiviteter. Der er dog også eksempler på bregner der optræder som agressivt ukrudt og bekæmpes. Enkelte bregner har spiselige skud. </p> <hr /> <dl><dt>Note</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klassifikationen følger <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier749.pdf">Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider og Paul G. Wolf: <i>A classification for extant ferns</i>, 2006</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 1ex; margin-left:15px; margin-top:10px; font-size: 90%;" class="thumb tright"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/54px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/72px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></span></span> </td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Botanik" title="Portal:Botanik">Portal:Botanik</a></b></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamet">Gamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametangium" title="Gametangium">Gametangium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkegonium" title="Arkegonium">Arkegonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametofyt" title="Gametofyt">Gametofyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore_(botanik)" title="Spore (botanik)">Spore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Sporangium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporehus" title="Sporehus">Sporehus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporofyt" title="Sporofyt">Sporofyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporofyl" title="Sporofyl">Sporofyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorus" title="Sorus">Sorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporeplanter" title="Sporeplanter">Sporeplanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsporeplanter" title="Karsporeplanter">Karsporeplanter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder/Referencer"><span id="Kilder.2FReferencer"></span>Kilder/Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Kilder/Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kilder/Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Tree of Life: Filicopsida</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114115915/http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Arkiveret</a> 14. januar 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree?group=leptosporangiate_ferns&contgroup=Filicopsida">Tree of Life: Leptosporangiate ferns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031204002808/http://tolweb.org/tree?group=leptosporangiate_ferns&contgroup=Filicopsida">Arkiveret</a> 4. december 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/120715.htm">Systema Naturae 2000: Phylum Filicinophyta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030928043819/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/120715.htm">Arkiveret</a> 28. september 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Familien der Farne und Samenpflanzen (www.botgarden.uni-tuebingen.de/FamFarSa.html – <small> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikler_med_d%C3%B8de_eksterne_henvisninger" title="Wikipedia:Artikler med døde eksterne henvisninger">Webside ikke længere tilgængelig</a>)</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/survey/pterophyta.html">Survey of the botanical Phyla: Pterophyta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031204041341/http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/survey/pterophyta.html">Arkiveret</a> 4. december 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biologi.uio.no/plfys/haa/system/spore.htm">Pteridophyta – Karsporeplanter</a> (PS: Pteridophyta != Karsporeplanter)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M. Skytte-Christiansen: <i>Bregner, mosser, laver", 1981, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-12-23362-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-12-23362-5">87-12-23362-5</a></i></li> <li>Robbin C. Moran: <i>A Natural History of Ferns</i>, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-88192-667-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-88192-667-1">0-88192-667-1</a></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table class="" style="width: 35%; float: right; margin: 0 auto; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #660066;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"> <tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></span></td><td style="width:100%"><b>Søsterprojekter med yderligere information:</b><br /><div style="font-size:85%;line-height:135%;"><ul style="list-style:none"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ferns" class="extiw" title="c:Ferns">Billeder og medier</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/25px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/50px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polypodiopsida" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Polypodiopsida">Taksonomi</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_links">Eksterne links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne links"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azolla.fc.ul.pt/index_ing.html">The azolla page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amerfernsoc.org/">American Fern Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/fsb/fsbfern1.htm">Pteridophyte Field Botany Course at Texas A&M</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031207143804/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/fsb/fsbfern1.htm">Arkiveret</a> 7. december 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/Classification_Lab/Eukarya/Plantae/Filicophyta/">Division Filicophyta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030804052353/http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/Classification_Lab/Eukarya/Plantae/Filicophyta/">Arkiveret</a> 4. august 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (God tegning af bregners livscyklus)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/">By Michael Hassler (Germany) and Brian Swale: Checklist of ferns of the World – World Ferns and Fern Allies listed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806070553/http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/">Arkiveret</a> 6. august 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borealforest.org/ferns.htm">Common Ferns And Fern-Ally Species</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513154126/http://www.borealforest.org/ferns.htm">Arkiveret</a> 13. maj 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaknouse.athens.oh.us/ferns/classfra.html">A Classification of the Ferns and Fern-Allies; uses frames</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020906235216/http://www.jaknouse.athens.oh.us/ferns/classfra.html">Arkiveret</a> 6. september 2002 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Citat: "...This classification differs radically from the old traditional scheme...This is provisionally my own scheme, drawn from several different sources, although leaning heavily on the recent cladistic publication of the American Fern Society...."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bionyt.dk/BioNytPost-art2.html">BioNyt Post. Nr. 1, 9. februar 200: Bregne elsker arsenik</a> Citat: "...Bregnen vil således støt og roligt suge giften fra jorden og op i sine blade som derefter kan høstes og sendes til destruktion...."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bionyt.dk/bionyt126-screen20040806.pdf">BioNyt Nr.126 s.20 (2004): Bregners evolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092753/http://www.bionyt.dk/bionyt126-screen20040806.pdf">Arkiveret</a> 30. januar 2005 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Citat: "...det har været bregnernes evne til at udnytte de mange forskellige biotoper, som blomsterplanterne efterhånden skabte gennem deres evolution, der har været årsagen til bregnernes succes...."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Tree of Life: Filicopsida</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellev%C3%A6g" title="Cellevæg">Cellevæg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klorofyl" title="Klorofyl">Klorofyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nkorn" title="Grønkorn">Kloroplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotosyntese" title="Fotosyntese">Fotosyntese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantehormon" title="Plantehormon">Plantehormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpiration_(botanik)" title="Transpiration (botanik)">Transpiration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#7FBF7F"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planters_livscyklus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planters livscyklus (ikke skrevet endnu)">Planters livscyklus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gametofyt" title="Gametofyt">Gametofyt</a></li> <li><a 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