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The Parliamentary Budget Office (PBO) – Houses of the Oireachtas
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The current spending level is almost almost €5.68 billion more than the level of spending identified in 2015.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-11-06_disability-spending-in-ireland_en.pdf" >Read our latest PBO | Insight report</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-container"> <div class="u-reader-section c-content-module -half "> <div class="c-content-module__body" > <h2 class="c-content-module__title u-text-h2"> <a href="https://forms.office.com/e/FLgKxqecwh" target='_blank' class="c-content-module__link"> Our costing service </a> </h2> <div class="c-content-module__cms-content"> <p>Learn more about the PBO’s costing service for Members, including a service to provide confidential costings for election campaign proposals.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://forms.office.com/e/FLgKxqecwh" target='_blank'>Policy costing request form</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-05-07_pbo-election-proposal-costing-guidelines_en.pdf" >Election proposal costing guidelines</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2022/2022-06-15_policy-costing-service-guidelines_en.pdf" >Policy costing guidelines | Outside general election period</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/publications/?q=%22Keywords%3A%22%2B%22%20Policy%20Costing%22%20-guidelines-Template&author%5B%5D=parliamentary-budget-office&date=&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fdail%2F33&fromDate=18%2F06%2F2020&toDate=18%2F06%2F2020" >See all publicly released costings</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="u-reader-section c-content-module -half "> <div class="c-content-module__body" > <h2 class="c-content-module__title u-text-h2"> <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/publications/?author=parliamentary-budget-office" class="c-content-module__link"> Our publications </a> </h2> <div class="c-content-module__cms-content"> <p>Our most recent publications explore disability spending in Ireland and provide an explainer of state aid.</p> <p>Other resources include our <a title="Budget commentary" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-10-02_preliminary-review-of-budget-2025_en.pdf" target="_blank">Budget commentaries</a> after Budget 2025 and a <a title="PBO working paper" href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-09-13_the-disproportional-effects-of-geopolitical-risks_en.pdf">working paper on the disproportional effects of geopolitical risks</a>.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/publications/?author=parliamentary-budget-office" >Read our recent publications</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-container"> <div class="u-reader-section c-content-module -half "> <div class="c-content-module__body" > <h2 class="c-content-module__title u-text-h2"> <a href="/en/how-parliament-is-run/houses-of-the-oireachtas-service/parliamentary-budget-office/explorer/" class="c-content-module__link"> PBO | Explorer </a> </h2> <div class="c-content-module__cms-content"> <h5>Interactive data exploration</h5><p>See beyond the numbers with <strong>PBO | Explorer</strong>, a repository of our interactive tools, calculators and data visualisation resources.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="/en/how-parliament-is-run/houses-of-the-oireachtas-service/parliamentary-budget-office/explorer/" >Take a look at PBO | Explorer</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/publications/?q=infographic&author%5B%5D=parliamentary-budget-office&date=&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fdail%2F33&fromDate=18%2F06%2F2020&toDate=18%2F06%2F2020" >See all PBO infographics</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="u-reader-section c-content-module -half "> <div class="c-content-module__body" > <h2 class="c-content-module__title u-text-h2"> <a href="/en/how-parliament-is-run/houses-of-the-oireachtas-service/parliamentary-budget-office/essentials/" class="c-content-module__link"> PBO | Essentials </a> </h2> <div class="c-content-module__cms-content"> <h5>Core reference material</h5><p><strong>PBO | Essentials </strong>comprises a curated list of core reference resources to better understand discussions about the economy, the budget, taxation and how public money is spent.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="/en/how-parliament-is-run/houses-of-the-oireachtas-service/parliamentary-budget-office/essentials/" >Take a look at PBO | Essentials</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-container"> <div class="u-reader-section c-content-module -full -right "> <div class="c-content-module__header" > <figure class="c-content-module__figure"> <a href="https://pbo-oireachtas.shinyapps.io/DebtSADashboardBudget2025/" target='_blank' class="c-content-module__img-link"> <img src="/assets/Uploads/Office-workers.jpg" class="responsive" data-anchor="centre-centre" alt="Research tools"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="c-content-module__body" > <h2 class="c-content-module__title u-text-h2"> <a href="https://pbo-oireachtas.shinyapps.io/DebtSADashboardBudget2025/" target='_blank' class="c-content-module__link"> Research tools </a> </h2> <div class="c-content-module__cms-content"> <p>Use our tools to explore data in a way that sees the real impact of budgetary changes.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://pbo-oireachtas.shinyapps.io/DebtSADashboardBudget2025/" target='_blank'>Debt Sustainability Analysis Calculator | Budget 2025</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://public.tableau.com/views/Budget2024TaxWelfareNominalReal250923/Dashboard1?%3Alanguage=en-US&publish=yes&publish=yes&%3Adisplay_count=n&%3Aorigin=viz_share_link&%3AshowVizHome=no" target='_blank'>Tax and welfare parameters: Real and nominal change calculator</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="/en/how-parliament-is-run/houses-of-the-oireachtas-service/parliamentary-budget-office/explorer/#interactives" >Explore all research tools</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-container"> <div class="u-reader-section c-content-module -full -top "> <div class="c-content-module__body" > <h2 class="c-content-module__title u-text-h2"> <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-09-13_the-disproportional-effects-of-geopolitical-risks_en.pdf" class="c-content-module__link"> PBO | Scholar </a> </h2> <div class="c-content-module__cms-content"> <p><a id="scholar"></a>See the latest in our <strong>PBO | Scholar</strong> series, our repository of <strong>working papers </strong>comprising primary research in progress that is intended to elicit comments and encourage debate.</p> </div> <ul> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-09-13_the-disproportional-effects-of-geopolitical-risks_en.pdf" >The Disproportional Effects of Geopolitical Risks</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-08-27_trade-openness-and-extreme-events-a-parsimonious-model_en.pdf" >Trade Openness and Extreme Events: A Parsimonious Model</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-02-27_medium-term-macroeconomic-forecasting-in-ireland-a-var-setup-with-bayesian-and-tree-ensemble-models-and-forecast-averaging_en.pdf" >Medium-term macroeconomic forecasting in Ireland: A VAR set-up with Bayesian and tree ensemble models and forecast averaging</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2024/2024-02-20_eve-a-model-of-indirect-taxes-using-household-micro-data_en.pdf" >EVE: A model of indirect taxes using household micro-data</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2022/2022-12-05_costing-analysis-with-scarce-data-an-example-from-the-cycle-to-work-scheme-for-e-bikes_en.pdf" >Costing Analysis with Scarce Data An Example from the Cycle-To-Work Scheme for E-bikes</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2022/2022-07-12_simulating-micro-data-for-policy-and-costing-analysis_en.pdf" >Simulating Micro Data for Policy and Costing Analysis</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2020/2020-04-14_revenue-volatility-and-the-role-of-the-rainy-day-fund-potential-mechanisms-for-identifying-and-setting-aside-excess-receipts_en.pdf" >Revenue volatility and the role of the Rainy-Day Fund: Potential mechanisms for identifying and setting aside excess receipts</a> </li> <li class="see-all flex" > <a href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBudgetOffice/2019/2019-02-12_examining-the-volatility-of-ireland-s-tax-base-in-the-paradigm-of-modern-portfolio-theory_en.pdf" >Examining the Volatility of Ireland’s Tax Base in the Paradigm of Modern Portfolio Theory</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex-container"> <div class="module 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