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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Impressionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impressionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminist_viewpoints_and_the_"New_Woman"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminist_viewpoints_and_the_"New_Woman""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Feminist viewpoints and the "New Woman"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminist_viewpoints_and_the_"New_Woman"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Degas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Degas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relationship with Degas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Degas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Cassatt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ماري كاسات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري كاسات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meri_Kassat" title="Meri Kassat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meri Kassat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мэры Касат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мэры Касат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мэры Касат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэры Касат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cassatt" title="Maria Cassatt – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Maria Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мери Касат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мери Касат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassattov%C3%A1" title="Mary Cassattová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mary Cassattová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%84" title="Μαίρη Κάσατ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαίρη Κάσατ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مری کسات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مری کسات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EC%B9%B4%EC%82%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="메리 카사트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리 카사트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Մերի Կեսսետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերի Կեսսետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="मैरी कसाट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैरी कसाट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98" title="מארי קאסאט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארי קאסאט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мэри Кассат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэри Кассат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cassatt" title="Maria Cassatt – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maria Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%93rija_Kasata" title="Mērija Kasata – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mērija Kasata" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мери Касат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мери Касат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="മേരി കസ്സാറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേരി കസ്സാറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="मेरी कसाट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेरी कसाट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مارى كاسات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى كاسات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ماری کاسات – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماری کاسات" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="メアリー・カサット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メアリー・カサット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F" title="ਮੈਰੀ ਕੈਸਾਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਰੀ ਕੈਸਾਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%B9" title="میری کساٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میری کساٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82,_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кэссетт, Мэри Стивенсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэссетт, Мэри Стивенсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassattov%C3%A1" title="Mary Cassattová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mary Cassattová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мери Касат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мери Касат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="மேரி கசாட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேரி கசாட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95" title="แมรี เคแซต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมรี เคแซต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мері Кассат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мері Кассат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mary Cassatt" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9" title="玛丽·卡萨特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玛丽·卡萨特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%96%A9%E7%89%B9" title="瑪麗·卡薩特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瑪麗·卡薩特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9" title="玛丽·卡萨特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玛丽·卡萨特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173223#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American painter and printmaker (1844–1926)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mary Cassatt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg/220px-Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg/330px-Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg/440px-Mary_Cassatt_photograph_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5237" data-file-height="4532" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cassatt seated in a chair with an umbrella, 1913. Verso reads "The only photograph for which she ever posed."</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mary Stevenson Cassatt</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1844-05-22</span>)</span>May 22, 1844<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Allegheny,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny, Pennsylvania">Allegheny, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 14, 1926<span style="display:none">(1926-06-14)</span> (aged 82)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">near Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Joshua_Chaplin" title="Charles Joshua Chaplin">Charles Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Couture" title="Thomas Couture">Thomas Couture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a>, printmaking</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg/150px-Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg/225px-Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg/300px-Redone_Mary_Cassatt_sig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2559" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary Stevenson Cassatt</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American painter and <a href="/wiki/Printmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Printmaker">printmaker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20240516_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20240516-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was born in <a href="/wiki/Allegheny,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny, Pennsylvania">Allegheny, Pennsylvania</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_Side_(Pittsburgh)" title="North Side (Pittsburgh)">North Side</a>), and lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a> and exhibited with the <a href="/wiki/Impressionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionists">Impressionists</a>. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children. </p><p>She was described by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Geffroy" title="Gustave Geffroy">Gustave Geffroy</a> as one of "les trois grandes dames" (the three great ladies) of Impressionism alongside <a href="/wiki/Marie_Bracquemond" title="Marie Bracquemond">Marie Bracquemond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1879, Diego Martelli compared her to Degas, as they both sought to depict movement, light, and design in the most modern sense.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet,_Looking_Down.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet%2C_Looking_Down.jpg/220px-Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet%2C_Looking_Down.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet%2C_Looking_Down.jpg/330px-Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet%2C_Looking_Down.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet%2C_Looking_Down.jpg/440px-Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet%2C_Looking_Down.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1668" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>Young Woman in a Black and Green Bonnet</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1890</span>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Art_Museum" title="Princeton University Art Museum">Princeton University Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cassatt was born in <a href="/wiki/Allegheny,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny, Pennsylvania">Allegheny City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, which is now part of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was born into an <a href="/wiki/Upper_middle_class" title="Upper middle class">upper-middle-class</a> family:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollock1998280_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1998280-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father, Robert Simpson Cassat (later Cassatt), was a successful stockbroker and land speculator. The ancestral name had been Cossart, with the family descended from French <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> Jacques Cossart, who came to <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> in 1662.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews19983_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews19983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-americanwoman_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanwoman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother, Katherine Kelso Johnston, came from a banking family. Katherine Cassatt, educated and well-read, had a profound influence on her daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollock1998281–82_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1998281–82-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To that effect, Cassatt's lifelong friend <a href="/wiki/Louisine_Havemeyer" title="Louisine Havemeyer">Louisine Havemeyer</a> wrote in her memoirs: "Anyone who had the privilege of knowing Mary Cassatt's mother would know at once that it was from her and her alone that [Mary] inherited her ability."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A distant cousin of artist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Henri" title="Robert Henri">Robert Henri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt was one of seven children, of whom two died in infancy. One brother, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cassatt" title="Alexander Cassatt">Alexander Johnston Cassatt</a>, later became president of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a>. The family moved eastward, first moving to <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, then to the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> area, where she started her schooling at the age of six.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt grew up in an environment that viewed travel as an integral part of a well-rounded education; she spent five years in Europe and visited many of the capitals, including London, Paris, and Berlin. While abroad she learned German and French and had her first lessons in drawing and music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199811_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199811-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that her first exposure to French artists <a href="/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres">Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Camille Corot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a> was at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris World's Fair">Paris World's Fair</a> of 1855. Also in the exhibition were <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>, both of whom were later her colleagues and mentors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown197210–12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown197210–12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though her family objected to her becoming a professional artist, Cassatt began studying painting at the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a> in Philadelphia at the early age of 15.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199815_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199815-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Presutti–2024_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Presutti–2024-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of her parents' concern may have been Cassatt's exposure to <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> ideas and the bohemian behavior of some of the male students. As such, Cassatt and her network of friends were lifelong advocates of <a href="/wiki/Equal_rights_for_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal rights for women">equal rights</a> for the sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although about 20% of the students were female, most viewed art as a socially valuable skill; few of them were determined, as Cassatt was, to make art their career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199418_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199418-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She continued her studies from 1861 through 1865, the duration of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eakins" title="Thomas Eakins">Thomas Eakins</a> was among her fellow students; later Eakins was forced to resign as director of the academy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Impatient with the slow pace of instruction and the patronizing attitude of the male students and teachers, she decided to study the <a href="/wiki/Old_Master" title="Old Master">old masters</a> on her own. She later said: "There was no teaching" at the academy. Female students could not use live models, until somewhat later, and the principal training was primarily drawing from casts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown197216_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown197216-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt decided to end her studies: At that time, no degree was granted. After overcoming her father's objections, she moved to Paris in 1866, with her mother and family friends acting as <a href="/wiki/Chaperone_(social)" title="Chaperone (social)">chaperones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199429_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199429-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since women could not yet attend the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts" title="École des Beaux-Arts">École des Beaux-Arts</a>, Cassatt applied to study privately with masters from the school<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199431_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199431-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was accepted to study with <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, a highly regarded teacher known for his hyper-realistic technique and his depiction of exotic subjects. (A few months later Gérôme also accepted Eakins as a student.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199431_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199431-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Cassatt augmented her artistic training with daily copying in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, obtaining the required permit, which was necessary to control the "copyists", usually low-paid women, who daily filled the museum to paint copies for sale. The museum also served as a social place for Frenchmen and American female students, who, like Cassatt, were not allowed to attend <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">cafes</a> where the avant-garde socialized. In this manner, fellow artist and friend <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Jane_Gardner" title="Elizabeth Jane Gardner">Elizabeth Jane Gardner</a> met and married famed academic painter <a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199432_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199432-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/275px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/413px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/550px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Boating_Party_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4861" data-file-height="3728" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boating_Party" title="The Boating Party">The Boating Party</a></i> by Mary Cassatt, 1893–94, oil on canvas, 35½ × 46 in., <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery of Art, Washington">National Gallery of Art, Washington</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Toward the end of 1866, she joined a painting class taught by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Joshua_Chaplin" title="Charles Joshua Chaplin">Charles Joshua Chaplin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Genre_art" title="Genre art">genre artist</a>. In 1868, Cassatt also studied with artist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Couture" title="Thomas Couture">Thomas Couture</a>, whose subjects were mostly romantic and urban.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199454_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199454-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On trips to the countryside, the students drew from life, particularly the peasants going about their daily activities. In 1868, one of her paintings, <i>A Mandoline Player</i>, was accepted for the first time by the selection jury for the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Jane_Gardner" title="Elizabeth Jane Gardner">Elizabeth Jane Gardner</a>, whose work was also accepted by the jury that year, Cassatt was one of two American women to first exhibit in the Salon.<sup id="cite_ref-americanwoman_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanwoman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A Mandoline Player</i> is in the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> style of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Corot</a> and Couture,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199847_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199847-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of only two paintings from the first decade of her career that is documented today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199854_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199854-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French art scene was in a process of change, as radical artists such as Courbet and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a> tried to break away from accepted Academic tradition, and the Impressionists were in their formative years. Cassatt's friend Eliza Haldeman wrote home that artists "are leaving the Academy style and each seeking a new way, consequently just now everything is Chaos."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199432_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199432-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt, on the other hand, continued to work in the traditional manner, submitting works to the Salon for over ten years, with increasing frustration. </p><p>Returning to the United States in the late summer of 1870—as the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> was starting<sup id="cite_ref-Presutti–2024_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Presutti–2024-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—Cassatt lived with her family in <a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a>. Her father continued to resist her chosen vocation, and paid for her basic needs, but not her art supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199875_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199875-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt placed two of her paintings in a New York gallery and found many admirers but no purchasers. She was also dismayed at the lack of paintings to study while staying at her summer residence. Cassatt even considered giving up art, as she was determined to make an independent living. She wrote in a letter of July 1871, "I have given up my studio & torn up my father's portrait, & have not touched a brush for six weeks nor ever will again until I see some prospect of getting back to Europe. I am very anxious to go out west next fall & get some employment, but I have not yet decided where."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199474_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199474-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt traveled to Chicago to try her luck, but lost some of her early paintings in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> of 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown197236_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown197236-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterward, her work attracted the attention of Roman Catholic Bishop <a href="/wiki/Michael_Domenec" title="Michael Domenec">Michael Domenec</a> of Pittsburgh, who commissioned her to paint two copies of paintings by <a href="/wiki/Correggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Correggio">Correggio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, Italy, advancing her enough money to cover her travel expenses and part of her stay.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her excitement she wrote, "O how wild I am to get to work, my fingers farely itch & my eyes water to see a fine picture again".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199476_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199476-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/Emily_Sartain" title="Emily Sartain">Emily Sartain</a>, a fellow artist from a well-regarded artistic family from Philadelphia, Cassatt set out for Europe again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impressionism">Impressionism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Impressionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg/300px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg/450px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg/600px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Tea_-_MFA_Boston_42.178.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tea" title="The Tea">Tea</a></i> by Mary Cassatt, 1880, oil on canvas, 25½ × 36¼ in., <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Within months of her return to Europe in the autumn of 1871, Cassatt's prospects had brightened. Her painting <i>Two Women Throwing Flowers During Carnival</i> was well received in the Salon of 1872, and was purchased. She attracted much favorable notice in Parma and was supported and encouraged by the art community there: "All Parma is talking of Miss Cassatt and her picture, and everyone is anxious to know her".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199479_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199479-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_Mrs._Currey;_Sketch_of_Mr._Cassatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_Mrs._Currey%3B_Sketch_of_Mr._Cassatt.jpg/220px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_Mrs._Currey%3B_Sketch_of_Mr._Cassatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_Mrs._Currey%3B_Sketch_of_Mr._Cassatt.jpg/330px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_Mrs._Currey%3B_Sketch_of_Mr._Cassatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_Mrs._Currey%3B_Sketch_of_Mr._Cassatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Oil, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1871</span>, private collection. Mrs. Currey had worked for the Cassatt family. When Mary Cassatt returned home from Paris at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, she asked Mrs. Currey to pose for her and gave her the sketch. Superimposed (the canvas turned upside down) is a sketch of her father.</figcaption></figure> <p>After completing her commission for the bishop, Cassatt traveled to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, where she painted a group of paintings of Spanish subjects, including <i>Spanish Dancer Wearing a Lace Mantilla</i> (1873, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of American Art">National Museum of American Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>). In 1874, she made the decision to take up residence in France. She was joined by her sister Lydia who shared an apartment with her. Cassatt opened a studio in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>'s sister, <a href="/wiki/Abigail_May_Alcott_Nieriker" title="Abigail May Alcott Nieriker">Abigail May Alcott</a>, was then an art student in Paris and visited Cassatt.<sup id="cite_ref-americanwoman_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanwoman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt continued to express criticism of the politics of the Salon and the conventional taste that prevailed there. She was blunt in her comments, as reported by Sartain, who wrote: "she is entirely too slashing, snubs all modern art, disdains the Salon pictures of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Cabanel" title="Alexandre Cabanel">Cabanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bonnat" title="Léon Bonnat">Bonnat</a>, all the names we are used to revere".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199487_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199487-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt saw that works by female artists were often dismissed with contempt unless the artist had a friend or protector on the jury, and she would not flirt with jurors to curry favor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998104–105_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998104–105-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her cynicism grew when one of the two pictures she submitted in 1875 was refused by the jury, only to be accepted the following year after she darkened the background. She had quarrels with Sartain, who thought Cassatt too outspoken and self-centered, and eventually they parted. Out of her distress and self-criticism, Cassatt decided that she needed to move away from genre paintings and onto more fashionable subjects, in order to attract portrait commissions from American socialites abroad, but that attempt bore little fruit at first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199496_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199496-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_CASSATT,_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mary_CASSATT%2C_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG/180px-Mary_CASSATT%2C_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mary_CASSATT%2C_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG/270px-Mary_CASSATT%2C_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mary_CASSATT%2C_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG/360px-Mary_CASSATT%2C_Portrait_de_fillette.JPG 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait de fillette</i>, 1879, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux">Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1877, both her entries were rejected, and for the first time in seven years she had no works in the Salon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998100_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998100-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this low point in her career she was invited by Edgar Degas to show her works with the <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionists</a>, a group that had begun their own series of independent exhibitions in 1874 with much attendant notoriety. The Impressionists (also known as the "Independents" or "Intransigents") had no formal manifesto and varied considerably in subject matter and technique. They tended to prefer <a href="/wiki/Plein_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Plein air">plein air</a> painting and the application of vibrant color in separate strokes with little pre-mixing, which allows the eye to merge the results in an "impressionistic" manner. The Impressionists had been receiving the wrath of the critics for several years. Henry Bacon, a friend of the Cassatts, thought that the Impressionists were so radical that they were "afflicted with some hitherto unknown disease of the eye".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994107_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994107-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They already had one female member, artist <a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a>, who became Cassatt's friend and colleague. The only American officially associated with the Impressionists, Cassatt would go on to exhibit in half of the group's later exhibitions<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt admired Degas, whose <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastels</a> had made a powerful impression on her when she encountered them in an art dealer's window in 1875. "I used to go and flatten my nose against that window and absorb all I could of his art," she later recalled. "It changed my life. I saw art then as I wanted to see it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998114_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She accepted Degas' invitation with enthusiasm and began preparing paintings for the next Impressionist show, planned for 1878, which (after a postponement because of the World's Fair) took place on April 10, 1879. She felt comfortable with the Impressionists and joined their cause enthusiastically, declaring: "we are carrying on a despairing fight & need all our forces".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994118_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994118-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to attend cafes with them without attracting unfavorable attention, she met with them privately and at exhibitions. She now hoped for commercial success selling paintings to the sophisticated Parisians who preferred the avant-garde. Her style had gained a new spontaneity during the intervening two years. Previously a studio-bound artist, she had adopted the practice of carrying a sketchbook with her while out-of-doors or at the theater, and recording the scenes she saw.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994125_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994125-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg/170px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg/255px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg/340px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Summertime_-_TFAA_1988.25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="4665" /></a><figcaption><i>Summertime</i> by Mary Cassatt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1894</span>, oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Terra_Foundation_for_American_Art" title="Terra Foundation for American Art">Terra Foundation for American Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1877, Cassatt was joined in Paris by her father and mother, who returned with her sister Lydia, all eventually to share a large apartment on the fifth floor of 13, Avenue Trudaine, (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mary_Cassatt&params=48.8816_N_2.3446_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°52′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8816°N 2.3446°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8816; 2.3446</span></span></span></a></span></span>). Mary valued their companionship, as neither she nor Lydia had married. A case was made that Mary had narcissistic disturbance, never completing the recognition of herself as a person outside of the orbit of her mother.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary had decided early in life that marriage would be incompatible with her career. Lydia, who was frequently painted by her sister, had recurrent bouts of illness, and her death in 1882 left Cassatt temporarily unable to work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998163_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998163-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt's father insisted that her studio and supplies be covered by her sales, which were still meager. Afraid of having to paint "<a href="/wiki/Potboiler" title="Potboiler">potboilers</a>" to make ends meet, Cassatt applied herself to produce some quality paintings for the next Impressionist exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of her most accomplished works from 1878 were <i>Portrait of the Artist</i> (self-portrait), <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Girl_in_a_Blue_Armchair" title="Little Girl in a Blue Armchair">Little Girl in a Blue Armchair</a></i>, and <i>Reading Le Figaro</i> (portrait of her mother). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing,_Holding_a_Fan,_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing%2C_Holding_a_Fan%2C_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg/220px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing%2C_Holding_a_Fan%2C_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing%2C_Holding_a_Fan%2C_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg/330px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing%2C_Holding_a_Fan%2C_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing%2C_Holding_a_Fan%2C_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg/440px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Woman_Standing%2C_Holding_a_Fan%2C_1878%E2%80%9379.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2605" /></a><figcaption>Mary Cassatt, <i>Woman Standing Holding a Fan</i>, 1878–79, (<a href="/wiki/Amon_Carter_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Amon Carter Museum of American Art">Amon Carter Museum of American Art</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Degas had considerable influence on Cassatt. Both were highly experimental in their use of materials, trying <a href="/wiki/Distemper_(paint)" title="Distemper (paint)">distemper</a> and metallic paints in many works, such as <i>Woman Standing Holding a Fan</i>, 1878–79 (<a href="/wiki/Amon_Carter_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Amon Carter Museum of American Art">Amon Carter Museum of American Art</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She became extremely proficient in the use of <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastels</a>, eventually creating many of her most important works in this medium. Degas also introduced her to <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a>, of which he was a recognized master. The two worked side by side for a while, and her <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">draftsmanship</a> gained considerable strength under his tutelage. One example of her thoughtful approach to the medium of drypoint as a mode for reflecting on her status as an artist is 'Reflection' of 1889–90, which has recently been interpreted as a self-portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Degas in turn depicted Cassatt in a series of etchings recording their trips to the Louvre. She treasured his friendship but learned not to expect too much from his fickle and temperamental nature after a project they were collaborating on at the time, a proposed journal devoted to prints, was abruptly dropped by him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994146–50_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994146–50-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sophisticated and well-dressed Degas, then forty-five, was a welcome dinner guest at the Cassatt residence, and likewise they at his <i>soirées</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994128–31,_147_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994128–31,_147-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Impressionist exhibit of 1879 was the most successful to date, despite the absence of <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a>, who were attempting once again to gain recognition at the Salon. Through the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a>, who organized and underwrote the show, the group made a profit and sold many works, although the criticism continued as harsh as ever. The <i>Revue des Deux Mondes</i> wrote, "M. Degas and Mlle. Cassatt are, nevertheless, the only artists who distinguish themselves... and who offer some attraction and some excuse in the pretentious show of window dressing and infantile daubing".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown197273_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown197273-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt displayed eleven works, including <i>Lydia in a Loge, Wearing a Pearl Necklace, (Woman in a Loge)</i>. Although critics claimed that Cassatt's colors were too bright and that her portraits were too accurate to be flattering to the subjects, her work was not savaged as was <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a>'s, whose circumstances were the most desperate of all the Impressionists at that time. She used her share of the profits to purchase a work by Degas and one by Monet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown197272–73_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown197272–73-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She participated in the Impressionist Exhibitions that followed in 1880 and 1881, and she remained an active member of the Impressionist circle until 1886. In 1886, Cassatt provided two paintings for the first Impressionist exhibition in the US, organized by art dealer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Durand-Ruel" title="Paul Durand-Ruel">Paul Durand-Ruel</a>. Her friend <a href="/wiki/Louisine_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisine Elder">Louisine Elder</a> married <a href="/wiki/H.O._Havemeyer" class="mw-redirect" title="H.O. Havemeyer">Harry Havemeyer</a> in 1883, and with Cassatt as advisor, the couple began collecting the Impressionists on a grand scale. Much of their vast collection is now in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994167_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994167-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt also made several portraits of family members during that period, of which <i>Portrait of Alexander Cassatt and His Son Robert Kelso</i> (1885) is one of her best regarded. Cassatt's style then evolved, and she moved away from Impressionism to a simpler, more straightforward approach. She began to exhibit her works in New York galleries as well. After 1886, Cassatt no longer identified herself with any art movement and experimented with a variety of techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feminist_viewpoints_and_the_"New_Woman""><span id="Feminist_viewpoints_and_the_.22New_Woman.22"></span>Feminist viewpoints and the "New Woman"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Feminist viewpoints and the "New Woman""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt,_Reading_%E2%80%9CLe_Figaro%E2%80%9D,_1878,_Collection_Mrs._Eric_de_Spoelberch,_Haverford,_Pennsylvania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mary_Cassatt%2C_Reading_%E2%80%9CLe_Figaro%E2%80%9D%2C_1878%2C_Collection_Mrs._Eric_de_Spoelberch%2C_Haverford%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg/220px-Mary_Cassatt%2C_Reading_%E2%80%9CLe_Figaro%E2%80%9D%2C_1878%2C_Collection_Mrs._Eric_de_Spoelberch%2C_Haverford%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Mary_Cassatt%2C_Reading_%E2%80%9CLe_Figaro%E2%80%9D%2C_1878%2C_Collection_Mrs._Eric_de_Spoelberch%2C_Haverford%2C_Pennsylvania.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><i>Reading "Le Figaro"</i> by Mary Cassatt (1878), Collection Mrs. Eric de Spoelberch, Haverford, Pennsylvania</figcaption></figure> <p>Cassatt and her contemporaries enjoyed the wave of feminism that occurred in the 1840s, allowing them access to educational institutions at newly coed colleges and universities, such as <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. Likewise, women's colleges such as <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a> opened their doors during this time. Cassatt was an outspoken advocate for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's equality">women's equality</a>, campaigning with her friends for equal travel scholarships for students in the 1860s, and the <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">right to vote</a> in the 1910s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Cassatt depicted the "<a href="/wiki/New_Woman" title="New Woman">New Woman</a>" of the 19th century from the woman's perspective. As a successful, highly trained woman artist who never married, Cassatt—like <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Day_Hale" title="Ellen Day Hale">Ellen Day Hale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Coffin" title="Elizabeth Coffin">Elizabeth Coffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Nourse" title="Elizabeth Nourse">Elizabeth Nourse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Beaux" title="Cecilia Beaux">Cecilia Beaux</a>—personified the "New Woman".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She "initiated the profound beginnings in recreating the image of the 'new' woman", drawn from the influence of her intelligent and active mother, Katherine Cassatt, who believed in educating women to be knowledgeable and socially active. She is depicted in <i>Reading 'Le Figaro' </i>(1878).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt's independence and choice to not marry as a "New Woman" could also be seen as a reaction to the strict institutionalized misogamy of the art world at the time, in which a woman artist's marriage could have been seen as incompatible with any serious artistic career.<sup id="cite_ref-thecrimson.com_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thecrimson.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Cassatt did not explicitly make political statements about women's rights in her work, her artistic portrayal of women was consistently done with dignity and the suggestion of a deeper, meaningful inner life.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of her works depict a mother caring for a child and she painted them with warmth and attention.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the other Impressionists of the time who often painted street scenes and landscapes, Cassatt preferred to depict the everyday life of women and the domestic labors associated with the home.<sup id="cite_ref-halifaxpubliclibraries.ca_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halifaxpubliclibraries.ca-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was unusual at the time because, while Impressionist pieces typically depicted women as passive objects for the viewer, Cassatt notably made the women she painted active observers with real engagement in their environments. Cassatt's work was shaped by her time spent engaging with these women in their private intimate spaces, something that a male artist would not have had the social ability to do at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-thecrimson.com_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thecrimson.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This disconnect from what the two different genders were allowed to observe as an artist did not go unnoticed by Cassatt and she notably enjoyed observing the complexities of gender relations in her work. The piece <i>"In the Loge"(1878)</i> is a good example of this, as it depicts a young woman watching the opera while a male admirer gawks at her from afar. The viewer is then also included into the voyeuristic objectification of the unaware model exposing the social dynamics of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By choosing to depict more humble feminine environments Cassatt effectively raised scenes of women, their labor, friendships, and personal life to be celebrated as high art.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was often critiqued for this preference and her art dismissed as too feminine.<sup id="cite_ref-halifaxpubliclibraries.ca_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halifaxpubliclibraries.ca-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt objected to being stereotyped as a "woman artist", she supported <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, and in 1915 showed eighteen works in an exhibition supporting the movement organised by Louisine Havemeyer, a committed and active feminist.<sup id="cite_ref-HyperA_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HyperA-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibition brought her into conflict with her sister-in-law <a href="/wiki/Gardner_(Cassatt)_Held_by_His_Mother" title="Gardner (Cassatt) Held by His Mother">Eugenie Carter Cassatt</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Anti-suffragism" title="Anti-suffragism">anti-suffrage</a> and who boycotted the show along with Philadelphia society in general. Cassatt responded by selling off her work that was otherwise destined for her heirs. In particular <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boating_Party" title="The Boating Party">The Boating Party</a></i>, thought to have been inspired by the birth of Eugenie's daughter Ellen Mary, was bought by the National Gallery, Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994306–10_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994306–10-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_Degas">Relationship with Degas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relationship with Degas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg/220px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg/330px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg/440px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Edgar Degas, <i>Mary Cassatt Seated, Holding Cards</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880–1884</span>, oil on canvas, 74 × 60 cm, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npgportraits.si.edu/emuseumCAP/code/emuseum.asp">National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC. NPG.84.34</a> Cassatt hated it later and wrote to her dealer Paul Durand-Ruel in 1912 or 1913 that "I don't want anyone to know that I posed for it."</figcaption></figure> <p>Cassatt and Degas had a long period of collaboration. The two painters had studios close together, Cassatt at 19, rue Laval (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mary_Cassatt&params=48.8808_N_2.3384_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°52′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8808°N 2.3384°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8808; 2.3384</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Degas at 4, rue Frochot (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mary_Cassatt&params=48.8811_N_2.3377_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°52′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8811°N 2.3377°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8811; 2.3377</span></span></span></a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarter1998354–355_"Mary_Cassatt's_Paris"_(map)_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarter1998354–355_"Mary_Cassatt's_Paris"_(map)-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> less than a five-minute stroll apart, and Degas developed the habit of looking in at Cassatt's studio and offering her advice and helping her gain models.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994125_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994125-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They had much in common: they shared similar tastes in art and literature, came from affluent backgrounds, had studied painting in Italy, and both were independent, never marrying. The degree of intimacy between them cannot be assessed now, as no letters survive, but it is unlikely they were in a relationship given their conservative social backgrounds and strong moral principles. Several of <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>'s letters attest to Degas' sexual self-constraint.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Degas introduced Cassatt to pastel and engraving, both of which Cassatt quickly mastered, while for her part Cassatt was instrumental in helping Degas sell his paintings and promoting his reputation in America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullard14_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullard14-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both regarded themselves as figure painters, and the art historian George Shackelford suggests they were influenced by the art critic <a href="/wiki/Louis_Edmond_Duranty" title="Louis Edmond Duranty">Louis Edmond Duranty</a>'s appeal in his pamphlet <i>The New Painting</i> for a revitalization in figure painting: "Let us take leave of the stylized human body, which is treated like a vase. What we need is the characteristic modern person in his clothes, in the midst of his social surroundings, at home or out in the street."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuranty1876_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuranty1876-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt_-_Mary_Cassatt_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4332" data-file-height="5851" /></a><figcaption>Mary Cassatt, <i>Self-Portrait</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span>, gouache and watercolor over graphite on paper, 32.7 cm × 24.6 cm, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. NPG.76.33<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg/220px-Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg/330px-Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg/440px-Cassat_-_Blue_Armchair_NGA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="22206" data-file-height="14876" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Girl_in_a_Blue_Armchair" title="Little Girl in a Blue Armchair">Little Girl in a Blue Armchair</a></i>, 1878</figcaption></figure> <p>After Cassatt's parents and sister Lydia joined Cassatt in Paris in 1877, Degas, Cassatt, and Lydia were often to be seen at the Louvre studying artworks together. Degas produced two prints, notable for their technical innovation, depicting Cassatt at the Louvre looking at artworks while Lydia reads a guidebook. These were destined for a prints journal planned by Degas (together with <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a> and others), which never came to fruition. Cassatt frequently posed for Degas, notably for his millinery series trying on hats. </p><p>Around 1884, Degas made a portrait in oils of Cassatt, <i>Mary Cassatt Seated, Holding Cards</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>Self-Portrait</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span>) by Cassatt depicts her in the identical hat and dress, leading art historian <a href="/wiki/Griselda_Pollock" title="Griselda Pollock">Griselda Pollock</a> to speculate they were executed in a joint painting session in the early years of their acquaintance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollock1998118_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1998118-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt and Degas worked most closely together in the fall and winter of 1879–80 when Cassatt was mastering her printmaking technique. Degas owned a small printing press, and by day she worked at his studio using his tools and press while in the evening she made studies for the etching plate the next day. However, in April 1880, Degas abruptly withdrew from the prints journal they had been collaborating on, and without his support the project folded. Degas' withdrawal piqued Cassatt who had worked hard at preparing a print, <i>In the Opera Box</i>, in a large edition of fifty impressions, no doubt destined for the journal. Although Cassatt's warm feelings for Degas were to last her entire life, she never again worked with him as closely as she had over the prints journal. Mathews notes that she ceased executing her theater scenes at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994149_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994149-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Degas was forthright in his views, as was Cassatt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994149_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994149-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They clashed over the <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a> (early in her career she had executed a portrait of the art collector Moyse Dreyfus, a relative of the court-martialled lieutenant at the center of the affair).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994275_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994275-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackelford137_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackelford137-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt later expressed satisfaction at the irony of Lousine Havermeyer's 1915 joint exhibition of hers and Degas' work being held in aid of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, equally capable of affectionately repeating Degas' antifemale comments as being estranged by them (when viewing her <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Women_Picking_Fruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two Women Picking Fruit (page does not exist)">Two Women Picking Fruit</a></i> for the first time, he had commented "No woman has the right to draw like that").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994303,_308_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994303,_308-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1890s onwards their relationship took on a decidedly commercial aspect, as in general had Cassatt's other relations with the Impressionist circle;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShackelford137_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShackelford137-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994189–90_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994189–90-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nevertheless they continued to visit each other until Degas died in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1994312–13_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1994312–13-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/480px-Mary_Cassatt_-_The_Child%27s_Bath_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3219" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Child%27s_Bath" title="The Child's Bath">The Child's Bath</a> (The Bath)</i> by Mary Cassatt, 1893, oil on canvas, 39 × 26 in., <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cassatt's reputation is based on an extensive series of rigorously drawn and tenderly observed paintings and prints on the theme of the mother and child. The earliest dated work on this subject is the <a href="/wiki/Drypoint" title="Drypoint">drypoint</a> <i>Gardner Held by His Mother</i> (an impression inscribed "Jan/88" is in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998182_and_note_on_p._346_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998182_and_note_on_p._346-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although she had painted a few earlier works on the theme. Some of these works depict her own relatives, friends, or clients, although in her later years she generally used professional models in compositions that are often reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a> depictions of the <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child">Madonna and Child</a>. After 1900, she concentrated almost exclusively on mother-and-child subjects, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Sunflower" title="Woman with a Sunflower">Woman with a Sunflower</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloss1985106_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloss1985106-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viewers may be surprised to find that despite her focus on portraying mother-child pairs in her portraits, "Cassatt rejected the idea of becoming a wife and mother..."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1890s were Cassatt's busiest and most creative period. She had matured considerably and became more diplomatic and less blunt in her opinions. She also became a role model for young American artists who sought her advice. Among them was <a href="/wiki/Lucy_A._Bacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy A. Bacon">Lucy A. Bacon</a>, whom Cassatt introduced to <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>. Though the Impressionist group disbanded, Cassatt still had contact with some of the members, including Renoir, Monet, and Pissarro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown1972155_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown1972155-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Mother_and_Child_Before_a_Pool_-_Mary_Cassatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Mary Cassatt, <i>Mother and Child Before a Pool</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1898</span>. Drypoint and aquatint on laid paper, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In 1891, she exhibited a series of highly original colored drypoint and <a href="/wiki/Aquatint" title="Aquatint">aquatint</a> prints, including <i>Woman Bathing</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coiffure" title="The Coiffure">The Coiffure</a></i>, inspired by the Japanese masters shown in Paris the year before. (See <a href="/wiki/Japonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonism">Japonism</a>) Cassatt was attracted to the simplicity and clarity of Japanese design, and the skillful use of blocks of color. In her interpretation, she used primarily light, delicate pastel colors and avoided black (a "forbidden" color among the Impressionists). <a href="/wiki/Adelyn_Dohme_Breeskin" title="Adelyn Dohme Breeskin">Adelyn D. Breeskin</a>, the author of two <i>catalogue raisonnés</i> of Cassatt's work, comments that these colored prints, "now stand as her most original contribution... adding a new chapter to the history of graphic arts...technically, as color prints, they have never been surpassed".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown1972124–126_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown1972124–126-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1891, Chicago socialite <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Palmer" title="Bertha Palmer">Bertha Palmer</a> approached Cassatt to paint a 12' × 58' mural about "Modern Woman" for the Women's Building for the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> to be held in 1893. Cassatt completed the project over the next two years while living in France with her mother. The mural was designed as a <a href="/wiki/Triptych" title="Triptych">triptych</a>. The central theme was titled <i>Young Women Plucking the Fruits of Knowledge or Science</i>. The left panel was <i>Young Girls Pursuing Fame</i> and the right panel <i>Arts, Music, Dancing</i>. The mural displays a community of women apart from their relation to men, as accomplished persons in their own right. Palmer considered Cassatt to be an American treasure and could think of no one better to paint a mural at an exposition that was to do so much to focus the world's attention on the status of women.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the world's fair, the mural came into Bertha Palmer's possession, where it remained as late as 1911, but it disappeared after Palmer's death in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt made several studies and paintings on themes similar to those in the mural, so it is possible to see her development of those ideas and images.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassatt also exhibited other paintings in the Exposition. </p><p>As the new century arrived, Cassatt served as an advisor to several major art collectors and stipulated that they eventually donate their purchases to American art museums. In recognition of her contributions to the arts, France awarded her the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> in 1904. Although instrumental in advising American collectors, recognition of her art came more slowly in the United States. Even among her family members back in America, she received little recognition and was totally overshadowed by her famous brother.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown1972182_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown1972182-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Cassatt's brother, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cassatt" title="Alexander Cassatt">Alexander Cassatt</a>, was president of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a> from 1899 until his death in 1906. She was shaken, as they had been close, but she continued to be very productive in the years leading up to 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998281_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998281-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An increasing sentimentality is apparent in her work of the 1900s; her work was popular with the public and the critics, but she was no longer breaking new ground, and her Impressionist colleagues who once provided stimulation and criticism were dying. She was hostile to such new developments in art as <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">post-Impressionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998284_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998284-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of her works appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show_of_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Armory Show of 1913">Armory Show of 1913</a>, both images of a mother and child.<sup id="cite_ref-GalleryList_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GalleryList-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A trip to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in 1910 impressed Cassatt with the beauty of its ancient art, but was followed by a crisis of creativity; not only had the trip exhausted her, but she declared herself "crushed by the strength of this Art", saying, "I fought against it but it conquered, it is surely the greatest Art the past has left us ... how are my feeble hands to ever paint the effect on me."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews1998291_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews1998291-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuralgia" title="Neuralgia">neuralgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataracts</a> in 1911, she did not slow down, but after 1914 she was forced to stop painting as she became almost blind. In 1925 she was featured on 32nd Annual Exhibition of American Art at the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Art_Museum" title="Cincinnati Art Museum">Cincinnati Art Museum</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Louise_Woodroofe" title="Louise Woodroofe">Louise Woodroofe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Henri" title="Robert Henri">Robert Henri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassatt died on June 14, 1926, at Château de Beaufresne, near Paris, and was buried in the family vault at <a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Th%C3%A9ribus" title="Le Mesnil-Théribus">Le Mesnil-Théribus</a>, France. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="House of rue de Marignan in Paris, where Mary Cassatt lived from 1887 until her death"><img alt="House of rue de Marignan in Paris, where Mary Cassatt lived from 1887 until her death" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg/90px-Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg/135px-Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg/180px-Rue_de_Marignan_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">House of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_de_Marignan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue de Marignan (page does not exist)">rue de Marignan</a> in Paris, where Mary Cassatt lived from 1887 until her death</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10,_rue_de_Marignan,_Paris_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memorial on the facade of 10 rue de Marignan"><img alt="Memorial on the facade of 10 rue de Marignan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10%2C_rue_de_Marignan%2C_Paris_8.jpg/120px-Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10%2C_rue_de_Marignan%2C_Paris_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10%2C_rue_de_Marignan%2C_Paris_8.jpg/180px-Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10%2C_rue_de_Marignan%2C_Paris_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10%2C_rue_de_Marignan%2C_Paris_8.jpg/240px-Mary_Cassatt_plaque_-_10%2C_rue_de_Marignan%2C_Paris_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3955" data-file-height="2734" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Memorial on the facade of 10 rue de Marignan</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mary Cassatt inspired many Canadian women artists who were members of the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Hall_Group" title="Beaver Hall Group">Beaver Hall Group</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberty_ships:_M" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Liberty ships: M">SS <i>Mary Cassatt</i></a> was a World War II <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a>, launched May 16, 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A quartet of young <a href="/wiki/Juilliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Juilliard">Juilliard</a> string musicians formed the all-female <a href="/wiki/Cassatt_Quartet" title="Cassatt Quartet">Cassatt Quartet</a> in 1985, named in honor of the painter.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the award-winning group recorded String Quartets Nos. 1–3 (Cassatt String Quartet) by composer <a href="/wiki/Dan_Welcher" title="Dan Welcher">Dan Welcher</a>; the 3rd quartet on the album was written inspired by the work of Mary Cassatt as well.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1966, Cassatt's painting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boating_Party" title="The Boating Party">The Boating Party</a></i> was reproduced on a US postage stamp. Later she was honored by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> with a 23-cent <a href="/wiki/Great_Americans_series" title="Great Americans series">Great Americans series</a> <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1973, Cassatt was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2003, four of her paintings – <i>Young Mother</i> (1888), <i>Children Playing on the Beach</i> (1884), <i>On a Balcony</i> (1878/79) and <i>Child in a Straw Hat</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1886</span>) – were reproduced on the third issue in the American Treasures stamp series.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On May 22, 2009, she was honored by a <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> Doodle in recognition of her birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cassatt's paintings have sold for as much as <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>4 million, the record price of $4,072,500 being set in 1996 at <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's, New York</a>, for <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Box_(Cassatt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In the Box (Cassatt) (page does not exist)">In the Box</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A public garden in the <a href="/wiki/12th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="12th arrondissement of Paris">12th arrondissement of Paris</a> is named 'Jardin Mary Cassatt' in her memory.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Mary_Cassatt" title="List of works by Mary Cassatt">List of works by Mary Cassatt</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Madame Sisley (1873)"><img alt="Portrait of Madame Sisley (1873)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg/150px-Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg/225px-Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg/301px-Cassatt_Mary_Portrait_of_Madame_Sisley_1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="2263" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Portrait of Madame Sisley</i> (1873)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Reader (1877), Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art"><img alt="The Reader (1877), Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg/162px-Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg/243px-Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg/325px-Mary_Cassatt_The_Reader_1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Reader</i> (1877), <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art">Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lilacs in a Window (1879)"><img alt="Lilacs in a Window (1879)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg/166px-Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg/249px-Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg/332px-Mary_Cassat_-_Lilacs_in_a_Window_-_MMA_1997.207.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="2245" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Lilacs_in_a_Window" title="Lilacs in a Window">Lilacs in a Window</a></i> (1879)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the Box (1879)"><img alt="In the Box (1879)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg/200px-Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg/300px-Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg/400px-Cassatt_corner_loge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="694" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>In the Box</i> (1879)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lydia Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in Loge (1879)"><img alt="Lydia Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in Loge (1879)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg/166px-Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg/249px-Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg/332px-Cassatt_Mary_At_the_Theater_1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Lydia Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in Loge</i> (1879)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Miss Mary Ellison (1880)"><img alt="Miss Mary Ellison (1880)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG/155px-Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG/232px-Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG/309px-Miss_Mary_Ellison.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Miss Mary Ellison</i> (1880)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lydia at the Tapestry Loom (c. 1881)"><img alt="Lydia at the Tapestry Loom (c. 1881)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg/200px-Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg/300px-Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg/400px-Cassatt_Mary_Lydia_at_the_Tapestry_Loom_c._1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lydia at the Tapestry Loom (c. 1881)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Children on the Beach (1884)"><img alt="Children on the Beach (1884)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg/154px-Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg/230px-Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg/307px-Cassatt_Mary_Children_on_the_Beach_1884.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1041" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Children on the Beach</i> (1884)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Girl at a Window (c. 1883–1884), National Gallery of Art"><img alt="Young Girl at a Window (c. 1883–1884), National Gallery of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG/129px-Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG" decoding="async" width="129" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG/194px-Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG/258px-Young_Girl_at_a_Window.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2647" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young Girl at a Window</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1883</span>–1884), <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lady at the Tea Table (1883–1885), Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Lady at the Tea Table (1883–1885), Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg/168px-Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg/252px-Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg/336px-Lady_at_the_Tea_Table_MET_DT516.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="3709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_at_the_Tea_Table" title="Lady at the Tea Table">Lady at the Tea Table</a></i> (1883–1885), Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Child in Straw Hat (1886)"><img alt="Child in Straw Hat (1886)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg/150px-Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg/225px-Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg/299px-Child_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Mary_Cassatt_c1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2247" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Child in Straw Hat</i> (1886)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maternité (1890), pastel"><img alt="Maternité (1890), pastel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg/139px-Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg/209px-Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg/279px-Cassatt_Mary_Maternite_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="1278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Maternité</i> (1890), pastel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nurse Reading to a Little Girl (1895), pastel"><img alt="Nurse Reading to a Little Girl (1895), pastel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg/200px-Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg/300px-Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg/400px-Cassatt_Mary_Nurse_Reading_to_a_Little_Girl_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Nurse Reading to a Little Girl</i> (1895), pastel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman in a Red Bodice and Her Child (c. 1896), Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="Woman in a Red Bodice and Her Child (c. 1896), Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg/152px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg/228px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg/305px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Woman_in_a_Red_Bodice_and_Her_Child_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Woman in a Red Bodice and Her Child</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1896</span>), <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt,_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Pink Sash (1898), pastel"><img alt="The Pink Sash (1898), pastel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cassatt%2C_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg/165px-Cassatt%2C_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cassatt%2C_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg/248px-Cassatt%2C_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cassatt%2C_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg/331px-Cassatt%2C_Mary_Pink_Sash_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2234" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Pink Sash</i> (1898), pastel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse (1899), pastel, Reynolda House Museum of American Art"><img alt="Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse (1899), pastel, Reynolda House Museum of American Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/200px-Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/300px-Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/400px-Madame_Gaillard_and_Her_Daughter_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_1899_Mary_Cassatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1731" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse</i> (1899), pastel, <a href="/wiki/Reynolda_House_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Reynolda House Museum of American Art">Reynolda House Museum of American Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jules Being Dried by His Mother (1900)"><img alt="Jules Being Dried by His Mother (1900)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg/153px-Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg/229px-Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg/305px-Cassatt_Mary_Jules_Being_Dried_by_His_Mother_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="2652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Jules Being Dried by His Mother</i> (1900)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margot in Blue (1903), pastel, Walters Art Museum"><img alt="Margot in Blue (1903), pastel, Walters Art Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg/161px-Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg/241px-Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg/322px-Margot_in_Blue_Cassatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Margot in Blue</i> (1903), pastel, <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green,_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the Sun (1914)"><img alt="Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the Sun (1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green%2C_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg/167px-Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green%2C_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green%2C_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg/250px-Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green%2C_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green%2C_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg/334px-Cassatt_Mary_Young_Woman_in_Green%2C_Outdoors_in_the_Sun_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the Sun</i> (1914)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fitting (c. 1890), drypoint and aquatint, Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="The Fitting (c. 1890), drypoint and aquatint, Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg/135px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg/203px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg/271px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Fitting_-_Mary_Cassatt_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Fitting</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1890</span>), drypoint and aquatint, Brooklyn Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter,_Mary_Cassatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Offering the Panal to the Bullfighter (1873), oil on canvas, Clark Art Institute"><img alt="Offering the Panal to the Bullfighter (1873), oil on canvas, Clark Art Institute" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter%2C_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/168px-Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter%2C_Mary_Cassatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter%2C_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/252px-Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter%2C_Mary_Cassatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter%2C_Mary_Cassatt.jpg/336px-Offering_the_Panal_to_the_Bullfighter%2C_Mary_Cassatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Offering the Panal to the Bullfighter</i> (1873), oil on canvas, Clark Art Institute</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Mother Sewing (1900), oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Young Mother Sewing (1900), oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg/160px-Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg/240px-Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg/320px-Young_Mother_Sewing_MET_DP139632.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="3653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young Mother Sewing</i> (1900), oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Under the Horse Chestnut Tree by Mary Cassatt, 1898, drypoint and aquatint print, 19 × 15 in., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston."><img alt="Under the Horse Chestnut Tree by Mary Cassatt, 1898, drypoint and aquatint print, 19 × 15 in., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/148px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/222px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/296px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Under_the_Horse-Chestnut_Tree_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4424" data-file-height="5973" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Under the Horse Chestnut Tree</i> by Mary Cassatt, 1898, drypoint and aquatint print, 19 × 15 in., <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Houston">Museum of Fine Arts, Houston</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_Bathing_(La_Toilette)_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman Bathing (La Toilette) by Mary Cassatt, 1890–91, Drypoint and aquatint print, Metropolitan Museum of Art.[99]"><img alt="Woman Bathing (La Toilette) by Mary Cassatt, 1890–91, Drypoint and aquatint print, Metropolitan Museum of Art.[99]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Woman_Bathing_%28La_Toilette%29_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg/145px-Woman_Bathing_%28La_Toilette%29_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Woman_Bathing_%28La_Toilette%29_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg/218px-Woman_Bathing_%28La_Toilette%29_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Woman_Bathing_%28La_Toilette%29_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg/291px-Woman_Bathing_%28La_Toilette%29_MET_dp16.2.2.R.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Woman Bathing (La Toilette)</i> by Mary Cassatt, 1890–91, Drypoint and aquatint print, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt,_1902,_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mère et enfant (Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window), c. 1902"><img alt="Mère et enfant (Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window), c. 1902" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mary_Cassatt%2C_1902%2C_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg/200px-Mary_Cassatt%2C_1902%2C_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mary_Cassatt%2C_1902%2C_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg/300px-Mary_Cassatt%2C_1902%2C_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mary_Cassatt%2C_1902%2C_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg/400px-Mary_Cassatt%2C_1902%2C_Reine_Lefebre_and_Margot_before_a_Window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Mère et enfant (Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window)</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1902</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt,_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge, 1879, oil on canvas, 81 × 60 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art"><img alt="Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge, 1879, oil on canvas, 81 × 60 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt%2C_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/145px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt%2C_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt%2C_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/217px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt%2C_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt%2C_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/290px-Mary_Stevenson_Cassatt%2C_American_-_Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4127" data-file-height="5689" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge</i>, 1879, oil on canvas, 81 × 60 cm, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Mary Cassatt: Painting the Modern Woman</i>. Director: Ali Ray, UK, 93 minutes, 2023<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The cards are probably <i><a href="/wiki/Carte_de_visite" title="Carte de visite">cartes de visite</a></i>, used by artists and dealers at the time to document their work. Stephanie Strasnick suggests that Degas used them as a device to represent Cassatt as a peer and an artist in her own right, although Cassatt later took an aversion to the portrait and had it sold.<sup id="cite_ref-Strasnick_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strasnick-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Pro-Dreyfus included Camille Pissarro, Claude Monet, Paul Signac and Mary Cassatt. Anti-Dreyfus included Edgar Degas, Paul Cézanne, Auguste Rodin and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.76.33">"Mary Cassatt Self-Portrait"</a>. <i>National Portrait Gallery</i>. Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Portrait+Gallery&rft.atitle=Mary+Cassatt+Self-Portrait&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpg.si.edu%2Fobject%2Fnpg_NPG.76.33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20240516-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20240516_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2024" class="citation news cs1">Solomon, Deborah (May 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/arts/design/mary-cassatt-philadelphia-museum.html">"Mary Cassatt's Women Didn't Sit Pretty - The American painter depicted women caring for children, not posing for the male gaze. New exhibitions and books reappraise her legacy 100 years later"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240516105309/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/arts/design/mary-cassatt-philadelphia-museum.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mary+Cassatt%27s+Women+Didn%27t+Sit+Pretty+-+The+American+painter+depicted+women+caring+for+children%2C+not+posing+for+the+male+gaze.+New+exhibitions+and+books+reappraise+her+legacy+100+years+later.&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F05%2F16%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fmary-cassatt-philadelphia-museum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeffroy1894" class="citation cs2">Geffroy, Gustave (1894), "Histoire de l'Impressionnisme", <i>La Vie Artistique</i>: 268</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vie+Artistique&rft.atitle=Histoire+de+l%27Impressionnisme&rft.pages=268&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Geffroy&rft.aufirst=Gustave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoffett1986" class="citation book cs1">Moffett, Charles S. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newpaintingimpre00moff/page/276"><i>The New Painting: Impressionism 1874–1886</i></a>. San Francisco: The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newpaintingimpre00moff/page/276">276</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88401-047-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88401-047-3"><bdi>0-88401-047-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Painting%3A+Impressionism+1874%E2%80%931886&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=The+Fine+Arts+Museums+of+San+Francisco&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-88401-047-3&rft.aulast=Moffett&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewpaintingimpre00moff%2Fpage%2F276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p.36_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1988" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Norma J. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancollecti0000colu/page/36"><i>The American Collections</i></a>. Columbus: <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancollecti0000colu/page/36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918881-20-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-918881-20-5"><bdi>978-0-918881-20-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Collections&rft.place=Columbus&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Columbus+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-918881-20-5&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Norma+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancollecti0000colu%2Fpage%2F36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1998280-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollock1998280_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollock1998">Pollock 1998</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews19983-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews19983_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathews1998">Mathews 1998</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-americanwoman-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-americanwoman_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-americanwoman_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-americanwoman_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinstein1982" class="citation book cs1">Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanwomenart09rubi"><i>American women artists: from early Indian times to the present</i></a></span>. Boston, Mass.: Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816185351" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816185351"><bdi>978-0816185351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+women+artists%3A+from+early+Indian+times+to+the+present&rft.place=Boston%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Hall&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0816185351&rft.aulast=Rubinstein&rft.aufirst=Charlotte+Streifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanwomenart09rubi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1998281–82-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollock1998281–82_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollock1998">Pollock 1998</a>, pp. 281–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Havemeyer, Louisine (1961). <i>Sixteen to Sixty: Memoirs of a Collector.</i> New York: Priv. Print. for the family of Mrs. H.O. Havemeyer and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlman1991" class="citation book cs1">Perlman, Bennard B. (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roberthenrihisli0000perl"><i>Robert Henri: His Life and Art</i></a></span>. New York: Dover Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roberthenrihisli0000perl/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-26722-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-26722-7"><bdi>978-0-486-26722-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Henri%3A+His+Life+and+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-486-26722-7&rft.aulast=Perlman&rft.aufirst=Bennard+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froberthenrihisli0000perl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marycassatt.org/biography.html">"Mary Cassatt - The Complete Works - Biography - marycassatt.org"</a>. <i>www.marycassatt.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marycassatt.org&rft.atitle=Mary+Cassatt+-+The+Complete+Works+-+Biography+-+marycassatt.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marycassatt.org%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199811-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199811_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathews1998">Mathews 1998</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKown197210–12-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKown197210–12_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKown1972">McKown 1972</a>, pp. 10–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews199815-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews199815_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathews1998">Mathews 1998</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Presutti–2024-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Presutti–2024_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Presutti–2024_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresutti2024" class="citation news cs1">Presutti, Kelly (April 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429181454/https://www.artnews.com/list/art-news/artists/who-was-mary-cassatt-impressionist-painter-1234704091/">"Who Was Mary Cassatt and Why Was She So Important?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ARTnews" title="ARTnews">ARTnews</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artnews.com/list/art-news/artists/who-was-mary-cassatt-impressionist-painter-1234704091/">the original</a> on April 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ARTnews&rft.atitle=Who+Was+Mary+Cassatt+and+Why+Was+She+So+Important%3F&rft.date=2024-04-29&rft.aulast=Presutti&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnews.com%2Flist%2Fart-news%2Fartists%2Fwho-was-mary-cassatt-impressionist-painter-1234704091%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaze1997" class="citation book cs1">Gaze, Delia, ed. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze"><i>Dictionary of women artists</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gratzgallery.com&rft.atitle=Gratz+Gallery+-+Biography+of+Louise+Woodroofe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgratzgallery.com%2Finventory%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dout%26id%3D409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/2libertyships5.htm">"Liberty Ships"</a>. <i>Shipbuilding History</i>. April 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juilliard.edu/update/journal/j_articles986.html">the original</a> on May 31, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Blockbuster+Duet+at+the+Met&rft.pub=Juilliard+School&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Greta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.juilliard.edu%2Fupdate%2Fjournal%2Fj_articles986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/0001868341">Dan Welcher: String Quartets Nos. 1–3</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=1bf6592ecf317c9cd6f92bab901b7ac5dd6fa2af">"The Boating Party, Mary Cassatt"</a>. <i>US Stamp Gallery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Stamp+Gallery&rft.atitle=The+Boating+Party%2C+Mary+Cassatt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusstampgallery.com%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D1bf6592ecf317c9cd6f92bab901b7ac5dd6fa2af&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/mary-cassatt/">"Cassatt, Mary | Women of the Hall"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cassatt%2C+Mary+%26%23124%3B+Women+of+the+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenofthehall.org%2Finductee%2Fmary-cassatt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr" class="citation news cs1">Carr, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520193352/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-08-17/entertainment/0308150595_1_stamps-national-gallery-four-centuries">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'American Treasures' Series Honors Cassatt"</a>. <i>tribunedigital-sunsentinel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-08-17/entertainment/0308150595_1_stamps-national-gallery-four-centuries">the original</a> on May 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=tribunedigital-sunsentinel&rft.atitle=%27American+Treasures%27+Series+Honors+Cassatt&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2003-08-17%2Fentertainment%2F0308150595_1_stamps-national-gallery-four-centuries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/mary-cassatts-birthday/">"Mary Cassatt's Birthday Doodle - Google Doodles"</a>. <i>Google Doodles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Doodles&rft.atitle=Mary+Cassatt%27s+Birthday+Doodle+-+Google+Doodles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fmary-cassatts-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/mary-cassatt-in-the-box-1076924-details.aspx?intObjectID=1076924">"Sale 8408 | Lot 70"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>. May 23, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202103859/http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/mary-cassatt-in-the-box-1076924-details.aspx?intObjectID=1076924">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sale+8408+%7C+Lot+70&rft.pub=Christie%27s&rft.date=1996-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christies.com%2Flotfinder%2Flot%2Fmary-cassatt-in-the-box-1076924-details.aspx%3FintObjectID%3D1076924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paris.fr/equipements/jardin-mary-cassatt-2584">"Jardin Mary-Cassatt – Equipements – Paris.fr"</a>. <i>www.paris.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.paris.fr&rft.atitle=Jardin+Mary-Cassatt+%E2%80%93+Equipements+%E2%80%93+Paris.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris.fr%2Fequipements%2Fjardin-mary-cassatt-2584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/337064">"Woman Bathing (La Toilette)"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Woman+Bathing+%28La+Toilette%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F337064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27000480/">"Mary Cassatt: Painting the Modern Woman"</a>. March 3, 2023 – via IMDb.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary+Cassatt%3A+Painting+the+Modern+Woman&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt27000480%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarter1998" class="citation book cs1">Barter, Judith A. (October 15, 1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass"><i>Mary Cassatt, modern woman</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Art Institute of Chicago in association with H.N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810940895" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810940895"><bdi>978-0810940895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Cassatt%2C+modern+woman&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Art+Institute+of+Chicago+in+association+with+H.N.+Abrams&rft.date=1998-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0810940895&rft.aulast=Barter&rft.aufirst=Judith+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarycassattmoder0000cass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullard" class="citation book cs1">Bullard, John E. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uILqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA239"><i>Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Watson-Guptill_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Watson-Guptill Publications">Watson-Guptill Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-0569-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-0569-0"><bdi>0-8230-0569-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/70-190524">70-190524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Cassatt%3A+Oils+and+Pastels&rft.pub=Watson-Guptill+Publications&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F70-190524&rft.isbn=0-8230-0569-0&rft.aulast=Bullard&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuILqAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuranty1876" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duranty, Louis Edmund (1990) [1876]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lanouvellepeint00firgoog"><i>La Nouvelle peinture : À propos du groupe d'artistes qui expose dans les galeries Durand-Ruel, 1876</i></a> (in French). Paris: Echoppe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2905657374" title="Special:BookSources/978-2905657374"><bdi>978-2905657374</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/21010788">21010788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Nouvelle+peinture+%3A+%C3%80+propos+du+groupe+d%27artistes+qui+expose+dans+les+galeries+Durand-Ruel%2C+1876&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Echoppe&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F21010788&rft.isbn=978-2905657374&rft.aulast=Duranty&rft.aufirst=Louis+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanouvellepeint00firgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Mowll_Mathews" title="Nancy Mowll Mathews">Mathews, Nancy Mowll</a> (1994). <i>Mary Cassatt: A Life</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Villard_(imprint)" title="Villard (imprint)">Villard Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58497-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58497-3"><bdi>978-0-394-58497-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Cassatt%3A+A+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Villard+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-394-58497-3&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Mowll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews1998" class="citation book cs1">Mathews, Nancy Mowll (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EtXCGXMSE9oC"><i>Mary Cassatt: A Life</i></a>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-36794-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-36794-1"><bdi>978-0-585-36794-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Cassatt%3A+A+Life&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-585-36794-1&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Mowll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEtXCGXMSE9oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKown1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_McKown" title="Robin McKown">McKown, Robin</a> (1972). <i>The World of Mary Cassatt</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Y._Crowell_Co." title="Thomas Y. Crowell Co.">Thomas Y. Crowell Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-690-90274-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-690-90274-7"><bdi>978-0-690-90274-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Mary+Cassatt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Y.+Crowell+Co.&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-690-90274-7&rft.aulast=McKown&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKloss1985" class="citation book cs1">Kloss, William (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treasuresfromnat00nati"><i>Treasures from the National Museum of American Art</i></a>. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">National Museum of American Art</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87474-594-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87474-594-8"><bdi>978-0-87474-594-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasures+from+the+National+Museum+of+American+Art&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+American+Art&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-87474-594-8&rft.aulast=Kloss&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftreasuresfromnat00nati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollockFlorence2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Griselda_Pollock" title="Griselda Pollock">Pollock, Griselda</a>; Florence, Penny (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lookingbacktofut0000poll"><i>Looking back to the Future</i></a></span>. Amsterdam: G+B Arts International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5701-122-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5701-122-1"><bdi>978-90-5701-122-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+back+to+the+Future&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=G%2BB+Arts+International&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-5701-122-1&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Griselda&rft.au=Florence%2C+Penny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flookingbacktofut0000poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock1998" class="citation book cs1">Pollock, Griselda (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1pOh9GEO1EC&pg=PA280">"Mary Cassatt: Painter of Women and Children"</a>. In Milroy, Elizabeth; Doezema, Marianne (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1pOh9GEO1EC"><i>Reading American Art</i></a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07348-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07348-5"><bdi>978-0-300-07348-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mary+Cassatt%3A+Painter+of+Women+and+Children&rft.btitle=Reading+American+Art&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07348-5&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Griselda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN1pOh9GEO1EC%26pg%3DPA280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShackelford" class="citation book cs1">Shackelford, George T.M. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass/page/109">"Pas de Deux: Mary Cassatt and Edgar Degas"</a>. In Barter, Judith A.. (ed.). <i>Mary Cassatt, modern woman</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Harry N. Abrams, Inc.</a> pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marycassattmoder0000cass/page/109">109–43</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810940895" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810940895"><bdi>978-0810940895</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/98007306">98007306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pas+de+Deux%3A+Mary+Cassatt+and+Edgar+Degas&rft.btitle=Mary+Cassatt%2C+modern+woman&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=109-43&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F98007306&rft.isbn=978-0810940895&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=George+T.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarycassattmoder0000cass%2Fpage%2F109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._White_Jr." title="John H. White Jr.">White, John H. Jr.</a> (Spring 1986). "America's Most Noteworthy Railroaders". <i><a href="/wiki/Railroad_History" title="Railroad History">Railroad History</a></i>. <b>154</b>: <span class="nowrap">9–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0090-7847">0090-7847</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43523785">43523785</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1785797">1785797</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railroad+History&rft.atitle=America%27s+Most+Noteworthy+Railroaders&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=154&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1785797&rft.issn=0090-7847&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43523785%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John+H.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span>(mentions family relationship to Alexander Cassatt)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Adelson" title="Warren Adelson">Adelson, Warren</a>; Bertalan, Sarah; Mathews, Nancy Mowll; Pinsky, Susan; Rosen, Marc (2008). <i>Mary Cassatt: Prints and Drawings from the Collection of Ambroise Vollard</i>. New York: Adelson Galleries. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9815801-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9815801-0-6">0-9815801-0-6</a>.</li> <li>Barter, Judith A., et al. <i>Mary Cassatt: Modern Woman</i>. Exhibition catalogue. New York: Art Institute of Chicago in association with Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1998.</li> <li>Breeskin, Adelyn D. <i>Mary Cassatt: A Catalogue Raisonné of the Oils, Pastels, Watercolors, and Drawings</i>. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1970.</li> <li>Conrads, Margaret C. <i>American Paintings and Sculpture at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute</i>. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1990.</li> <li>Pinsky, Susan; Rosen, Marc; Adelson, Warren; Cantor, Jay E.; Shapiro, Barbara Stern (2000). <i>Mary Cassatt: Prints and Drawings from the Artist's Studio</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-08887-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-08887-X">0-691-08887-X</a>.</li> <li>Pollock, Griselda. <i>Mary Cassatt: Painter of Modern Women</i>. World of Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998.</li> <li>Stratton, Suzanne L. <i>Spain, Espagne, Spanien: Foreign Artists Discover Spain 1800–1900</i>. Exhibition catalogue. New York: The Spanish Institute in association with the Equitable Gallery, 1993.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg,_H_Barbara2009" class="citation book cs1">Weinberg, H Barbara (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/52638"><i><span></span></i>American impressionism and realism <i><span></span></i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+impressionism+and+realism+&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+H+Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll10%2Fid%2F52638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Cassatt" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300085699" title="Special:BookSources/0300085699">0300085699</a> (see index)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cassatt-the-childs-bath.html">Cassatt's <i>The Child's Bath</i></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cassatt-at-the-opera.html">Cassatt's <i>In the Loge</i></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cassatt-woman-with-a-pearl-necklace-in-a-loge.html">Cassatt's <i>Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge</i></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/the-loge.html">Cassatt's <i>The Loge</i></a> All from <a href="/wiki/Smarthistory" title="Smarthistory">Smarthistory</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Mary Cassatt</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=2478969&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=2478969">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=2478969&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Mary Cassatt</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=2478969&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=2478969">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=2478969&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mary_Cassatt" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" class="extiw" title="commons:Mary Cassatt"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Mary Cassatt</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hinditipsguru.com/mary_cassatt_biography/">Mary Cassatt Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegreatcat.org/the-cat-in-art-and-photos-2/cats-in-19th-century-art/mary-cassatt-1844-1926-american/">Mary Cassatt's Cat Paintings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/mary-cassatt-letters-10201">A finding aid to the Mary Cassatt letters, 1882–1926 at the Archives of Art, Smithsonian Institution</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/ggcassattptg/ggcassattptg-main1.html/">Mary Cassatt at the National Gallery of Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=108">Mary Cassatt Gallery at MuseumSyndicate.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090527001138/http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=108">Archived</a> May 27, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/">Mary Cassatt at the WebMuseum.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119212330/http://www.hillstead.org/collection/paint_cassatt.html">Mary Cassatt at Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived January 19, 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?q=Mary+Cassatt&f=1&navigation=0&x=0&y=0">Mary Cassatt prints at the National Art History Institut (INHA) in Paris</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.metmuseum.org/record=b1698309~S1">The Havemeyer Family Papers relating to Art Collecting</a></i> Mary Cassatt was a close personal friend of Louisine Havemeyer and acted as an art collecting advisor and buying agent for the Havemeyer family. This archival collection includes original letters from Mary Cassatt to Louisine and Henry Osborne Havemeyer.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190104152817/http://lesamisdemarycassatt.fr/">The foundation in France for the remembrance of Mary Cassatt</a>, located in the village of Mesnil-Theribus, where Cassatt lived and is buried</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/collection/?r=Top%2Fdl_category%2Festampes%2Festampes+de+mary+cassatt+%281844-1926%29&navigation=0&dq=%23reset">Bibliothèque numérique de l'INHA – Estampes de Mary Cassatt</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Mary_Cassatt" title="Template:Mary Cassatt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mary_Cassatt" title="Template talk:Mary Cassatt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mary_Cassatt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mary Cassatt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mary_Cassatt38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Cassatt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Mary_Cassatt" title="List of works by Mary Cassatt">List of works</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Girl_in_a_Blue_Armchair" title="Little Girl in a Blue Armchair">Little Girl in a Blue Armchair</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilacs_in_a_Window" title="Lilacs in a Window">Lilacs in a Window</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Pearl_Necklace_in_a_Loge" title="Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge">Woman with a Pearl Necklace in a Loge</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tea" title="The Tea">The Tea</a></i> (1879–1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Crocheting_in_the_Garden_at_Marly_(Mary_Cassatt)" title="Lydia Crocheting in the Garden at Marly (Mary Cassatt)">Lydia Crocheting in the Garden at Marly</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Loge" title="In the Loge">In the Loge</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cup_of_Tea" title="The Cup of Tea">The Cup of Tea</a></i> (1880–81)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_and_a_Girl_Driving" title="A Woman and a Girl Driving">A Woman and a Girl Driving</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_at_the_Tea_Table" title="Lady at the Tea Table">Lady at the Tea Table</a></i> (1883–1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_Arranging_Her_Hair" title="Girl Arranging Her Hair">Girl Arranging Her Hair</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boating_Party" title="The Boating Party">The Boating Party</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Child%27s_Bath" title="The Child's Bath">The Child's Bath</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_and_Child_(Cassatt)" title="Mother and Child (Cassatt)">Mother and Child</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Mother_Sewing_(Mary_Cassatt)" title="Young Mother Sewing (Mary Cassatt)">Young Mother Sewing</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Sunflower" title="Woman with a Sunflower">Woman with a Sunflower</a></i> (1905)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg/85px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg/128px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg/170px-Mary_Cassatt_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_MMA_1975.319.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1827" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gardner_(Cassatt)_Held_by_His_Mother" title="Gardner (Cassatt) Held by His Mother">Gardner (Cassatt) Held by His Mother</a></i> (c. 1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coiffure" title="The Coiffure">The Coiffure</a></i> (1890–1891)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cassatt" title="Alexander Cassatt">Alexander Cassatt</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Mary_Cassatt" title="SS Mary Cassatt">SS <i>Mary Cassatt</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Impressionism388" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Impressionism" title="Template:Impressionism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Impressionism" title="Template talk:Impressionism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Impressionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Impressionism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Impressionism388" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism"><span style="color:white;">Impressionism</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bazille" title="Frédéric Bazille">Frédéric Bazille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boudin" title="Eugène Boudin">Eugène Boudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Guillaumin" title="Armand Guillaumin">Armand Guillaumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Jongkind" title="Johan Jongkind">Johan Jongkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise" title="Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)"><img alt="Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/100px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/150px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/200px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5773" data-file-height="4478" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Patrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Chocquet" title="Victor Chocquet">Victor Chocquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Osborne_Havemeyer" title="Henry Osborne Havemeyer">Henry O. Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hosched%C3%A9" title="Ernest Hoschedé">Ernest Hoschedé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Dealers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Durand-Ruel" title="Paul Durand-Ruel">Paul Durand-Ruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Petit" title="Georges Petit">Georges Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard">Ambroise Vollard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Impressionist_Exhibition" title="First Impressionist Exhibition">First Impressionist Exhibition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism"><span style="color:white">American<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Merritt_Chase" title="William Merritt Chase">William Merritt Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke" title="Frederick Carl Frieseke">Frederick Carl Frieseke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Maureau" title="Alphonse Maureau">Alphonse Maureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Metcalf" title="Willard Metcalf">Willard Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilla_Cabot_Perry" title="Lilla Cabot Perry">Lilla Cabot Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Robinson" title="Theodore Robinson">Theodore Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elmer_Schofield" title="Walter Elmer Schofield">Walter Elmer Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Twachtman" title="John Henry Twachtman">John Henry Twachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vonnoh" title="Robert Vonnoh">Robert Vonnoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Alden_Weir" title="J. Alden Weir">J. Alden Weir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Impressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Impressionism"><span style="color:white">Australian<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Conder" title="Charles Conder">Charles Conder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Phillips_Fox" title="E. Phillips Fox">E. Phillips Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioth_Gruner" title="Elioth Gruner">Elioth Gruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_McCubbin" title="Frederick McCubbin">Frederick McCubbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Roberts" title="Tom Roberts">Tom Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(Australian_painter)" title="John Russell (Australian painter)">John Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Streeton" title="Arthur Streeton">Arthur Streeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Withers" title="Walter Withers">Walter Withers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism"><span style="color:white">Canadian<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Beau" title="Henri Beau">Henri Beau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blair_Bruce" title="William Blair Bruce">William Blair Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brymner" title="William Brymner">William Brymner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Aur%C3%A8le_de_Foy_Suzor-Cot%C3%A9" title="Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté">Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cullen_(artist)" title="Maurice Cullen (artist)">Maurice Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_McNicoll" title="Helen McNicoll">Helen Galloway McNicoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_Morrice" title="James Wilson Morrice">James Wilson Morrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Muntz_Lyall" title="Laura Muntz Lyall">Laura Muntz Lyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pilot" title="Robert Pilot">Robert Wakeham Pilot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Other<br />artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Baudouin" title="Eugène Baudouin">Eugène Baudouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Bozna%C5%84ska" title="Olga Boznańska">Olga Boznańska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bracquemond" title="Marie Bracquemond">Marie Bracquemond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ciolina" title="Giovanni Battista Ciolina">Giovanni Battista Ciolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovis_Corinth" title="Lovis Corinth">Lovis Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Gonzal%C3%A8s" title="Eva Gonzalès">Eva Gonzalès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Guillemet" title="Antoine Guillemet">Antoine Guillemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazmi_Ziya_G%C3%BCran" title="Nazmi Ziya Güran">Nazmi Ziya Güran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lang" title="Dominique Lang">Dominique Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Liebermann" title="Max Liebermann">Max Liebermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Korovin" title="Konstantin Korovin">Konstantin Korovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Malharro" title="Martín Malharro">Martín Malharro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moret" title="Henry Moret">Henry Moret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Oller" title="Francisco Oller">Francisco Oller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nade%C5%BEda_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Nadežda Petrović">Nadežda Petrović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Podkowi%C5%84ski" title="Władysław Podkowiński">Władysław Podkowiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Serov" title="Valentin Serov">Valentin Serov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Slevogt" title="Max Slevogt">Max Slevogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Sorolla" title="Joaquín Sorolla">Joaquín Sorolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wilson_Steer" title="Philip Wilson Steer">Philip Wilson Steer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliseu_Visconti" title="Eliseu Visconti">Eliseu Visconti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_impressionist_cinema" title="French impressionist cinema">French impressionist cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_School_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston School (painting)">Boston School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_Impressionism" title="Decorative Impressionism">Decorative Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_impressionism" title="Synthetic impressionism">Synthetic impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">The Ten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_de_Glehn" title="Wilfrid de Glehn">Wilfrid de Glehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Impressionists_(TV_series)" title="The Impressionists (TV series)"><i>The Impressionists</i> (2006 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leroy" title="Louis Leroy">Louis Leroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadar" title="Nadar">Nadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_des_Impressionnistes" title="Pays des Impressionnistes">Pays des Impressionnistes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Woman_of_the_late_19th_century_(born_before_1880)274" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Woman_(late_19th_century)" title="Template:New Woman (late 19th century)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Woman_(late_19th_century)" title="Template talk:New Woman (late 19th century)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Woman_(late_19th_century)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Woman (late 19th century)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Woman_of_the_late_19th_century_(born_before_1880)274" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Woman" title="New Woman">New Woman of the late 19th century</a> (born before 1880)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism#19th_century" title="History of feminism">19th-century feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First-wave feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Abb%C3%A9ma" title="Louise Abbéma">Louise Abbéma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elenore_Abbott" title="Elenore Abbott">Elenore Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_E._Allender" title="Nina E. Allender">Nina E. Allender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Gengembre_Anderson" title="Sophie Gengembre Anderson">Sophie Gengembre Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Barns" title="Cornelia Barns">Cornelia Barns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Beaux" title="Cecilia Beaux">Cecilia Beaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enella_Benedict" title="Enella Benedict">Enella Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Bonheur" title="Rosa Bonheur">Rosa Bonheur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Augusta_Brownscombe" title="Jennie Augusta Brownscombe">Jennie Augusta Brownscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Margaret_Cameron" title="Julia Margaret Cameron">Julia Margaret Cameron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_J._Chapman" title="Minerva J. Chapman">Minerva J. Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_Charmy" title="Émilie Charmy">Émilie Charmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Brown_Chittenden" title="Alice Brown Chittenden">Alice Brown Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Coffin" title="Elizabeth Coffin">Elizabeth Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lampert_Cooper" title="Emma Lampert Cooper">Emma Lampert Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stuart_Frackelton" title="Susan Stuart Frackelton">Susan Stuart Frackelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Weber_Furlong" title="Wilhelmina Weber Furlong">Wilhelmina Weber Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Shippen_Green" title="Elizabeth Shippen Green">Elizabeth Shippen Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Day_Hale" title="Ellen Day Hale">Ellen Day Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Knight" title="Laura Knight">Laura Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lea_Merritt" title="Anna Lea Merritt">Anna Lea Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Nourse" title="Elizabeth Nourse">Elizabeth Nourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Oakley" title="Violet Oakley">Violet Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Okie_Paxton" title="Elizabeth Okie Paxton">Elizabeth Okie Paxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Sartain" title="Emily Sartain">Emily Sartain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Colman_Smith" title="Pamela Colman Smith">Pamela Colman Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Willcox_Smith" title="Jessie Willcox Smith">Jessie Willcox Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Swynnerton" title="Annie Swynnerton">Annie Swynnerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Wheeler" title="Candace Wheeler">Candace Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Whitney" title="Anne Whitney">Anne Whitney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Caird" title="Mona Caird">Mona Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Chopin" title="Kate Chopin">Kate Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Sophie_Cory" title="Annie Sophie Cory">Annie Sophie Cory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_D%27Arcy" title="Ella D'Arcy">Ella D'Arcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Hepworth_Dixon" title="Ella Hepworth Dixon">Ella Hepworth Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Egerton" title="George Egerton">George Egerton</a> (Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Grand" title="Sarah Grand">Sarah Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Levy" title="Amy Levy">Amy Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Schreiner" title="Olive Schreiner">Olive Schreiner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_education_in_the_United_States" title="Women's education in the United States">Educators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Freeman_Palmer" title="Alice Freeman Palmer">Alice Freeman Palmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature about<br />the New Woman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Isabel Archer in <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a></i> (serialized 1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Leigh" title="Aurora Leigh">Aurora Leigh</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Chopin" title="Kate Chopin">Kate Chopin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Awakening_(Chopin_novel)" title="The Awakening (Chopin novel)">The Awakening</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Sophie_Cory" title="Annie Sophie Cory">Victoria Cross</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lombard" title="Anna Lombard">Anna Lombard</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Hepworth_Dixon" title="Ella Hepworth Dixon">Ella Hepworth Dixon</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_a_Modern_Woman" title="The Story of a Modern Woman">The Story of a Modern Woman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Bovary" title="Madame Bovary">Madame Bovary</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Doll%27s_House" title="A Doll's House">A Doll's House</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Arthur_Jones" title="Henry Arthur Jones">Henry Arthur Jones</a>'s <i>The Case of Rebellious Susan</i> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>' <a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">novella</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Miller" title="Daisy Miller">Daisy Miller</a></i> (serialized 1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Levy" title="Amy Levy">Amy Levy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Romance_of_a_Shop" title="The Romance of a Shop">The Romance of a Shop</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Warren%27s_Profession" title="Mrs. Warren's Profession">Mrs. Warren's Profession</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Candida_(play)" title="Candida (play)">Candida</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Ann_Veronica" title="Ann Veronica">Ann Veronica</a></i> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cassatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></b> →</div> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173223#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2478969">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118519476">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cassatt, Mary, 1844-1926"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78096937">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119575499">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119575499">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35439608">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500012368">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/15776">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/12b293d1-c02f-42e8-ad90-caa1e8210596">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/4708/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/3055/">South Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/953268">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118519476.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6028z04">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/405">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&oldid=1275092376">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Cassatt&oldid=1275092376</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1844_births" title="Category:1844 births">1844 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1926_deaths" title="Category:1926 deaths">1926 deaths</a></li><li><a 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