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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1778 battle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Liverpool, Nova Scotia (1778)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SimeonPerkinsNewYorkPublicLibrary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SimeonPerkinsNewYorkPublicLibrary.png/300px-SimeonPerkinsNewYorkPublicLibrary.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="443" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/SimeonPerkinsNewYorkPublicLibrary.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="606" /></a></span><br />Colonel of the Militia <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Perkins" title="Simeon Perkins">Simeon Perkins</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 April 1778</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">off <a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia" title="Liverpool, Nova Scotia">Liverpool, Nova Scotia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> British victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Captain Jean Heraud (Herreaud)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/White_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-White_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/White_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-White_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/White_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-White_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> Captain John Milligan</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> "several" killed, wounded, drowned</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 3 killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Atlantic_Waters" title="Template talk:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Atlantic Waters"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Atlantic_Waters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Atlantic Waters"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atlantic_naval_theatre2798" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War"><span class="wrap">Atlantic naval theatre</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nassau">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Block_Island" title="Battle of Block Island">Block Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turtle_Gut_Inlet" title="Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet">Turtle Gut Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Barbados" title="Battle off Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Yarmouth_(1777)" title="Battle off Yarmouth (1777)">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Hancock" title="Capture of USS Hancock">Capture of USS <i>Hancock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederica_naval_action" title="Frederica naval action">Frederica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Channel_Naval_Duel" title="North Channel Naval Duel">North Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_September_1779" title="Action of 11 September 1779">Charles Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_June_1780" title="Action of 7 June 1780">1st Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Henry" title="Battle of Cape Henry">1st Cape Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Cape_Split" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle off Cape Split">Cape Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_off_Cape_Breton" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle off Cape Breton">Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Trumbull" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of USS Trumbull">Capture of USS <i>Trumbull</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_September_1781" title="Action of 2 September 1781">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">1st Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Savage" title="Capture of HMS Savage">Capture of HMS <i>Savage</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delaware_Bay" title="Battle of Delaware Bay">1st Delaware Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1782)" title="Battle off Halifax (1782)">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_29_July_1782" title="Action of 29 July 1782">2nd Cape Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay_expedition" title="Hudson Bay expedition">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_5_September_1782" title="Action of 5 September 1782">2nd Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_September_1782" title="Action of 15 September 1782">2nd Delaware Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kedges_Strait" title="Battle of Kedges Strait">Kedges Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delaware_Capes" title="Battle of the Delaware Capes">3rd Delaware Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_22_January_1783" title="Action of 22 January 1783">2nd Chesapeake Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolution_Nova_Scotia_theatre2356" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Nova_Scotia_theatre" title="Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Nova_Scotia_theatre" title="Template talk:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Nova_Scotia_theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolution_Nova_Scotia_theatre2356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution"><span class="wrap">American Revolution Nova Scotia theatre</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Saint_John" title="Raid on Saint John">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Charlottetown_(1775)" title="Raid on Charlottetown (1775)">Charlottetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Yarmouth,_Nova_Scotia_(1775)" title="Raid on Yarmouth, Nova Scotia (1775)">Yarmouth 1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Canso_(1776)" title="Raid on Canso (1776)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maugerville#Maugerville_Rebellion" title="Maugerville">Maugerville Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Cumberland">Fort Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Yarmouth_(1777)" title="Battle off Yarmouth (1777)">Yarmouth 2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_River_expedition" title="St. John River expedition">St. John River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Hancock" title="Capture of USS Hancock">Capture of USS <i>Hancock</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramichi,_New_Brunswick#American_Revolution_and_Battle_at_Miramichi_(1779)" title="Miramichi, New Brunswick">Raid on Miramichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1780)" title="Battle off Halifax (1780)">1st Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blomindon" title="Battle of Blomindon">Blomindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_off_Cape_Breton" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle off Cape Breton">Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Annapolis_Royal_(1781)" title="Raid on Annapolis Royal (1781)">Annapolis Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1760)" title="HMS Blonde (1760)">Blonde Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1782)" title="Battle off Halifax (1782)">2nd Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chester,_Nova_Scotia" title="Raid on Chester, Nova Scotia">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)" title="Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1782)">Lunenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Liverpool</b> took place on 24 April 1778 during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The raid involved the British vessel <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1760)" title="HMS Blonde (1760)">HMS <i>Blonde</i></a> and the French 24-gun <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <i>Duc de Choiseul</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-duc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, Americans regularly attacked <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> by land and sea. American <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> devastated the maritime economy by raiding many of the coastal communities,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the numerous raids on <a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia" title="Liverpool, Nova Scotia">Liverpool</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia">Annapolis Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liverpool's struggle for identity during the revolutionary war has been the subject of considerable study by historians.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was at first sympathetic to the cause of the American Revolution, with outlying outports like <a href="/wiki/Port_Medway,_Nova_Scotia" title="Port Medway, Nova Scotia">Port Medway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Mouton,_Nova_Scotia" title="Port Mouton, Nova Scotia">Port Mouton</a> almost continuously visited by American privateers,<sup id="cite_ref-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after repeated attacks by American privateers on local shipping interests and one direct attack on the town itself, Liverpool citizens turned against the rebellion. The defence of the town and the outfitting of privateers was led by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Perkins" title="Simeon Perkins">Simeon Perkins</a>. Captain William Duddingston of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Senegal" title="HMS Senegal">HMS <i>Senegal</i></a> was stationed at Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just off Liverpool, on 26 August 1776, HMS <i>Liverpool</i> (28 guns) captured <i>Warren</i> (ex <i>Hawk</i>), which subsequently served as a <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_tender" title="Ship's tender">tender</a> for HMS <i>Milford</i> and ran aground in a storm near <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth, New Hampshire</a> at the end of December 1776.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Battle off Port Medway took place on 27 September 1776 during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The American privateer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannah_and_Molly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannah and Molly (page does not exist)"><i>Hannah and Molly</i></a> (8 guns, 14 men), under the command of Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreen_Crabtree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreen Crabtree (page does not exist)">Agreen Crabtree</a>, captured five Nova Scotia vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1777, Joseph Dexter was imprisoned for helping American Privateers. He later escaped to Boston and was rewarded the expenses he incurred for his support.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April<span class="nowrap"> </span>24, 1778, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> warship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1760)" title="HMS Blonde (1760)">HMS <i>Blonde</i></a> under the command of Captain John Milligan ran aground the French ship <i>Duc de Choiseul</i> (named after <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois,_duc_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne François, duc de Choiseul">Étienne François, duc de Choiseul</a>) under the command of Captain Jean Heraud in Liverpool Harbour. There was an exchange of cannon fire lasting over three hours. A number of the French crew were killed, drowned and wounded. The 100 remaining French crew were taken prisoner. The arms that were on the wrecked ship continued to attract American privateers over the following month. </p><p>Consequently, on May 1, American privateers raided Liverpool, ravaging and pillaging a number of the houses and stores, including the store of <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Perkins" title="Simeon Perkins">Simeon Perkins</a>, a significant town leader. Three weeks later, on May 21, the same privateers returned and tried to tow the wreck of <i>Duc de Choiseul</i> out to sea. Perkins mustered ten men at the shore. Cannon fire was exchanged by the British militia and the American privateers. The privateers continued to fire at the town for almost an hour. Perkins marched his men along the shore, closer to the privateers. One of the militia was wounded in the ensuing exchanges. The privateers stayed off shore for a number of days. Perkins kept a sergeant and six men on guard duty twenty four hours a day until the privateers left the area.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After suffering three years of similar sporadic raids, the people of Liverpool, in June 1779 began re-building <a href="/wiki/Fort_Morris_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Fort Morris (Nova Scotia)">Fort Morris (Nova Scotia)</a> and on October 31 launched their own privateer vessel named <i>Lucy</i> to bring battle to their adversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well, Perkins wrote a successful appeal to the authorities in Halifax, and on December 13, 1778 Captain John Howard's company of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Orange_Rangers" title="King's Orange Rangers">King's Orange Rangers</a> arrived aboard the transport <i>Hannah</i>. The company consisted of Howard, 2 lieutenants, 1 ensign, 3 sergeants, 2 or 3 corporals, 48 privates, and several camp followers, both women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 June 1778, American privateers captured a small schooner of Major Studholm that was en route from St. John to Annapolis. Captured were one Sergeant and eight soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fencible_American_Regiment" title="Royal Fencible American Regiment">Royal Fencible American Regiment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Nova_Scotia_Volunteer_Regiment" title="Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment">Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another privateer raid on Liverpool occurred on September 13, 1780. Two American privateers, <i>Surprize</i> under Captain Benjamin Cole, and <i>Delight</i>, under Captain Lane, unloaded nearly 70 men at Ballast Cove shortly after midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 4am they had captured the fort and taken Howard, two other officers, and all but six of the KOR garrison as prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perkins called out the militia, engineered the capture of Cole, and negotiated with Lane for the recovery of the fort and the release of the prisoners. Within a few hours "every thing [was] restored to its former Situation without any Blood Shed." Liverpool was not bothered by privateers for the remainder of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American privateers remained a threat to Nova Scotian ports for the rest of the war. For example, after a failed attempt to raid <a href="/wiki/Chester,_Nova_Scotia" title="Chester, Nova Scotia">Chester, Nova Scotia</a>, American privateers struck again in the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)" title="Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1782)">Raid on Lunenburg</a> in 1782. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia#American_Revolution" title="Military history of Nova Scotia"><span class="wrap">American Revolution - Nova Scotia theatre</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history of Nova Scotia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkins (and subsequently numerous publications) mistake the commander of the ship with the owner of the ship Jean Peltier-Dudoyer from Nantes. The name of the owner is also corrupted as a "Captain Pattier"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duc_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merseyheritage.ca/choiseul.html">"Wreck of the Duc de Choiseul"</a>. <i>merseyheritage.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merseyheritage.ca&rft.atitle=Wreck+of+the+Duc+de+Choiseul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyheritage.ca%2Fchoiseul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2013" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Michael J., ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dWXGN1p3lewC&q=%22Duc+de+Choiseul%22+french+ship+american+revolution&pg=PA898"><i>Naval Documents of the American Revolution</i></a>. Vol. 12. Naval History & Heritage Command. pp. <span class="nowrap">179–</span>180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945274728" title="Special:BookSources/9780945274728"><bdi>9780945274728</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Documents+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E180&rft.pub=Naval+History+%26+Heritage+Command&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780945274728&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdWXGN1p3lewC%26q%3D%2522Duc%2Bde%2BChoiseul%2522%2Bfrench%2Bship%2Bamerican%2Brevolution%26pg%3DPA898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> also engaged France in the war, which meant that many of the privateers were also from France.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsters2004" class="citation book cs1">Marsters, Roger (2004). <i>Bold Privateers: Terror, Plunder and Profit on Canada's Atlantic Coast</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">87–</span>89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bold+Privateers%3A+Terror%2C+Plunder+and+Profit+on+Canada%27s+Atlantic+Coast&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Marsters&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrebner1937" class="citation book cs1">Brebner, John (1937). <i>The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia</i>. New York: Columbia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Neutral+Yankees+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+Press&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Brebner&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theyplantedwelln0000unse"><i>They Planted Well</i></a></span>. Fredericton, New Brunswick: Acadiensis Press. 1987. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780919107205" title="Special:BookSources/9780919107205"><bdi>9780919107205</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Planted+Well&rft.place=Fredericton%2C+New+Brunswick&rft.pub=Acadiensis+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780919107205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheyplantedwelln0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brebner._Neutral_Yankees._334-335_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brebner. Neutral Yankees. 334-335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/E/E3/ndar_v04p03.pdf">"Naval Documents of the American Revolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1969. p. 449.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naval+Documents+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=449&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1969&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibiblio.org%2Fanrs%2Fdocs%2FE%2FE3%2Fndar_v04p03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstone2006" class="citation book cs1">Silverstone, Paul (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fyk6ocYiVvwC&q=nova+scotia&pg=PA7"><i>The Sailing Navy 1775–1854</i></a>. New York: Routledge. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-97872-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-97872-6"><bdi>0-415-97872-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sailing+Navy+1775%E2%80%931854&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-97872-6&rft.aulast=Silverstone&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfyk6ocYiVvwC%26q%3Dnova%2Bscotia%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Boston Gazette</i>, November 4, 1776; <i>New Hampshire Gazette</i>, November 26, 1776.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidder1867" class="citation book cs1">Kidder, Frederic (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/militaryoperatio00kidd#page/241/mode/1up/search/crabtree"><i>Military Operations in Eastern Maine and Nova Scotia During the Revolution</i></a>. Albany, New York: Joel Munsell. p. 241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+in+Eastern+Maine+and+Nova+Scotia+During+the+Revolution&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Joel+Munsell&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Kidder&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmilitaryoperatio00kidd%23page%2F241%2Fmode%2F1up%2Fsearch%2Fcrabtree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1894" class="citation magazine cs1">Porter, Joseph W., ed. (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eb8-AAAAYAAJ&q=captain+agreen+crabtree&pg=PA230">"Captain Agreen Crabtree of Sullivan, ME"</a>. <i>The Maine Historical Magazine</i>. Vol. VIII. Bangor, Maine: Cras. H. Glass & Co. p. 230.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Maine+Historical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Captain+Agreen+Crabtree+of+Sullivan%2C+ME&rft.volume=VIII&rft.pages=230&rft.date=1894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deb8-AAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dcaptain%2Bagreen%2Bcrabtree%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/navyofunitedstat00emmo/page/142?q=privateer+%22bay+of+fundy%22">"The Navy of the United States, from the commencement, 1775 to 1853; with a brief history of each vessel's service and fate as appears upon record. To which is added a list of private armed vessels with their services and fate; also a list of the revenue and coast survey vessels, and principal ocean steamers, belonging to citizens of the United States in 1850"</a>. Washington, Gideon. 1853.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Navy+of+the+United+States%2C+from+the+commencement%2C+1775+to+1853%3B+with+a+brief+history+of+each+vessel%27s+service+and+fate+as+appears+upon+record.+To+which+is+added+a+list+of+private+armed+vessels+with+their+services+and+fate%3B+also+a+list+of+the+revenue+and+coast+survey+vessels%2C+and+principal+ocean+steamers%2C+belonging+to+citizens+of+the+United+States+in+1850&rft.pub=Washington%2C+Gideon&rft.date=1853&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnavyofunitedstat00emmo%2Fpage%2F142%3Fq%3Dprivateer%2B%2522bay%2Bof%2Bfundy%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> (Massachusetts Archive 219:249; Edmund Durrel Poole, "Annals of Yarmouth and Barrington" (N.S.) in the Revolutionary War", newspaper clippings, pub Yarmouth 1899)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actsresolvespass7778mass/page/482?q=%22liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia%22">"Acts and resolves passed by the General Court"</a>. 1663.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acts+and+resolves+passed+by+the+General+Court&rft.date=1663&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Factsresolvespass7778mass%2Fpage%2F482%3Fq%3D%2522liverpool%252C%2BNova%2BScotia%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simeon Perkins' Diary entries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"King's Orange Rangers"</i>, John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, p 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/militaryoperatio00kidd#page/244/mode/1up/search/crabtree">Kidder, p. 244</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin Cole (1751–1804) - born Eastham, Barnstable, Massachusetts, d. Liverpool, Nova Scotia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XqxBAQAAMAAJ&q=Surprize++Cpt.+Benjamin+Cole&pg=PA756">"Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War: A Compilation from the Archives"</a>. Boston: Office of the Secretary of State Massachusetts. 1897. p. 756.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+Soldiers+and+Sailors+of+the+Revolutionary+War%3A+A+Compilation+from+the+Archives&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=756&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+State+Massachusetts&rft.date=1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXqxBAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DSurprize%2B%2BCpt.%2BBenjamin%2BCole%26pg%3DPA756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"King's Orange Rangers"</i>, John G. Leefe, Liverpool 1996, pp 24-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?BioId=36724">"PERKINS, SIMEON"</a>. <i>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.atitle=PERKINS%2C+SIMEON&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2F009004-119.01-e.php%3FBioId%3D36724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusson1983" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Fergusson, C. Bruce (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?BioId=36724">"Perkins, Simeon"</a>. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perkins%2C+Simeon&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=C.+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio.php%3FBioId%3D36724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Langlais2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Langlais, Tugdual (2015). <i>L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France</i> (in French). Éd. Coiffard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782919339280" title="Special:BookSources/9782919339280"><bdi>9782919339280</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27armateur+pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9r%C3%A9+de+Beaumarchais+Jean+Peltier+Dudoyer%2C+de+Nantes+%C3%A0+l%27Isle+de+France&rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Coiffard&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9782919339280&rft.aulast=de+Langlais&rft.aufirst=Tugdual&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+off+Liverpool%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281778%29" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 93-95.</li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&oldid=1248319046">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)&oldid=1248319046</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_involving_France" title="Category:Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving France">Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_involving_Great_Britain" title="Category:Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain">Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_of_the_Anglo-French_War_(1778%E2%80%931783)" title="Category:Naval battles of the Anglo-French War (1778–1783)">Naval battles of the Anglo-French War (1778–1783)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Privateering_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Category:Privateering in the American Revolutionary War">Privateering in the American Revolutionary War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1778" title="Category:Conflicts in 1778">Conflicts in 1778</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_history_of_Canada" title="Category:Maritime history of Canada">Maritime history of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history of Nova Scotia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1778_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:1778 in Nova Scotia">1778 in Nova Scotia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Nova Scotia">Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Nova Scotia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Nova Scotia articles missing geocoordinate data">Nova Scotia articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 September 2024, at 21:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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