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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сант Аполинаре ин Класе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сант Аполинаре ин Класе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Sant'Apollinare in Classe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sant'Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_sv._Apolin%C3%A1%C5%99e_v_Classe" title="Bazilika sv. Apolináře v Classe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bazilika sv. Apolináře v Classe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%E2%80%99Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Sant’Apollinare in Classe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sant’Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βασιλική του Αγίου Απολλινάριου στην Κλάση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασιλική του Αγίου Απολλινάριου στην Κλάση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Apolinar_en_Classe" title="Basílica de San Apolinar en Classe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Basílica de San Apolinar en Classe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baziliko_de_Sankta_Apolinaro" title="Baziliko de Sankta Apolinaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baziliko de Sankta Apolinaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Apollinaire_in_Classe" title="Basilique Saint-Apollinaire in Classe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basilique Saint-Apollinaire in Classe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%E2%80%99Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Sant’Apollinare in Classe – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sant’Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_Svetog_Apolinarija_u_Classi" title="Bazilika Svetog Apolinarija u Classi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bazilika Svetog Apolinarija u Classi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_Santo_Apollinarius,_Ravenna" title="Basilika Santo Apollinarius, Ravenna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basilika Santo Apollinarius, Ravenna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%94" title="סנט אפולינרה אין קלאסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנט אפולינרה אין קלאסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სანტ-აპოლინარე-ინ-კლასეს ეკლესია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სანტ-აპოლინარე-ინ-კლასეს ეკლესია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Sancti_Apollinaris_in_Classe" title="Basilica Sancti Apollinaris in Classe – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Basilica Sancti Apollinaris in Classe" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%E2%80%99Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Sant’Apollinare in Classe – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sant’Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiliek_van_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basiliek van Sant'Apollinare in Classe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Basiliek van Sant'Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82" title="サンタポリナーレ・イン・クラッセ聖堂 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンタポリナーレ・イン・クラッセ聖堂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_Sant%E2%80%99Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basilica di Sant’Apollinare in Classe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Basilica di Sant’Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazylika_Sant%E2%80%99Apollinare_in_Classe_w_Rawennie" title="Bazylika Sant’Apollinare in Classe w Rawennie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bazylika Sant’Apollinare in Classe w Rawennie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Santo_Apolin%C3%A1rio_em_Classe" title="Basílica de Santo Apolinário em Classe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Basílica de Santo Apolinário em Classe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сант-Аполлинаре-ин-Классе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сант-Аполлинаре-ин-Классе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_svetega_Apolinarija,_Classe" title="Bazilika svetega Apolinarija, Classe – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bazilika svetega Apolinarija, Classe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сан Аполинаре ин Класе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сан Аполинаре ин Класе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_Svetog_Apolinarija_u_Classi" title="Bazilika Svetog Apolinarija u Classi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bazilika Svetog Apolinarija u Classi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Sant'Apollinare in Classe – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sant'Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_ng_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basilika ng Sant'Apollinare in Classe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Basilika ng Sant'Apollinare in Classe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%9A%E5%9D%A1%E7%90%86%E7%BA%B3%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="克拉塞的圣亚坡理纳圣殿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克拉塞的圣亚坡理纳圣殿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&params=44.3802738_N_12.2330015_E_region:IT-45_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°22′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°13′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.3802738°N 12.2330015°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.3802738; 12.2330015</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Byzantine-style minor basilica in Ravenna, Italy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Basilica of Saint Apollinaris in Classe<br /><small><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe</i></span></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravenna_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ravenna_BW_1.JPG/220px-Ravenna_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ravenna_BW_1.JPG/330px-Ravenna_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ravenna_BW_1.JPG/440px-Ravenna_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="2047" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Ravenna-Cervia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia">Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Year consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">549</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Classe, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenna, Italy">Ravenna, Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe is located in Italy"><img alt="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/240px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/360px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/480px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.956%;left:47.133%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe"><img alt="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Italy</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&params=44.3802738_N_12.2330015_E_region:IT-45_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°22′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°13′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.3802738°N 12.2330015°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.3802738; 12.2330015</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #D3D3D3">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine architecture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Groundbreaking</th><td class="infobox-data note">Early 6th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>Official name: Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">i, ii, iii, iv</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1996 <small>(20th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/788">788</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State Party</th><td class="infobox-data">Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Europe">Europe and North America</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_ravenna_133.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2012_ravenna_133.jpg/305px-2012_ravenna_133.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2012_ravenna_133.jpg/458px-2012_ravenna_133.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2012_ravenna_133.jpg/610px-2012_ravenna_133.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3813" data-file-height="3080" /></a><figcaption>The west front or façade.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe</b> ("Saint Apollinaris in Classe") is a church in Classe, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, consecrated on 9 May 549 by the <a href="/wiki/Maximianus_of_Ravenna" title="Maximianus of Ravenna">bishop Maximian</a> and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Apollinaris_of_Ravenna" title="Apollinaris of Ravenna">Saint Apollinaris</a>, the first bishop of Ravenna and <a href="/wiki/Classe,_ancient_port_of_Ravenna" title="Classe, ancient port of Ravenna">Classe</a>. </p><p>An important monument of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>, in 1996 it was inscribed with seven other nearby monuments in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>, which described it as "an outstanding example of the early Christian basilica in its purity and simplicity of its design and use of space and in the sumptuous nature of its decoration". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Work on Sant'Apollinare in Classe started at the beginning of 6th century by order of Bishop <a href="/wiki/Ursicinus_(Bishop_of_Ravenna)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ursicinus (Bishop of Ravenna)">Ursicinus</a>, using money from the Roman banker <a href="/wiki/Iulianus_Argentarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Iulianus Argentarius">Iulianus Argentarius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-roth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was certainly located next to a Christian cemetery, and quite possibly on top of a pre-existing pagan one, as some of the ancient tombstones were re-used in its construction. </p><p>At that time, Classe was located on the shore and was the ancient home port of the Roman fleet which gave its name to the town. Due to the accumulation of silt, the coastline has since moved 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The imposing brick structure was consecrated on 9 May 549 by Bishop Maximian and dedicated to Saint Apollinaris.<sup id="cite_ref-turismo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turismo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Basilica is thus contemporary with the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">Basilica of San Vitale</a> of Ravenna. The relics of Saint Apollinaris are today in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe. </p><p>In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Malatesta" title="Sigismondo Malatesta">Sigismondo Malatesta</a> stripped the church of the marble covering the walls of the side aisles, to use it for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Tempio_Malatestiano" title="Tempio Malatestiano">Tempio Malatestiano</a> of San Francesco in Rimini.<sup id="cite_ref-Fondazione_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fondazione-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exterior">Exterior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exterior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exterior has a large facade with two simple uprights and one mullioned window with three openings. The <a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a> and building to the right of the entry are later additions, as is the fine 9th century round <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">bell tower</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mullioned_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullioned window">mullioned windows</a>. </p><p>Ravenna’s tallest campanile was added to the church in the late 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church has a central nave with two side aisles, a standard <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> design. An ancient altar in the mid of the nave covers the place of the saint's martyrdom. The church ends with a polygonal apse, sided by two chapels with apses. </p><p>The nave contains 24 columns of Greek <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>. The carved capitals of the columns depict acanthus leaves, but unlike most such carvings the leaves appear twisted as if being buffeted by the wind. The faded <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescos</a> depict some of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishops</a> of Ravenna, and date to the 18th century. The lateral walls are bare, but were certainly once covered with gorgeous mosaics. These were likely demolished by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> in 1449, although they left the mosaic decoration in the apse and on the <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arch</a>, the church's most striking features. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg/220px-Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg/330px-Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg/440px-Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe_-_Mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5796" data-file-height="5978" /></a><figcaption>Apse with semi-dome</figcaption></figure> <p>The upper section of the triumphal arch depicts, inside a medallion, Christ. At the sides, within a sea of clouds, are the winged symbols of the four Evangelists: the Eagle (John), the Winged Man (Matthew), the Lion (Mark), the Calf (Luke). The lower section has, at its two edges, the walls showing precious gems from which twelve lambs (symbols of the Twelve Apostles) exit. The sides of the arch show two palms which, in the Bible's symbolism, represent justice; under them are the archangels Michael and Gabriel, with the bust of St. Matthew and another unidentified saint. </p><p>The decoration of the apse date to the 6th century, and can be divided into two parts: </p> <ul><li>in the upper one, a large disc encloses a starry sky in which is a cross with gems.<sup id="cite_ref-turismo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turismo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the cross is a hand protruding from the clouds, the theme of the <a href="/wiki/Hand_of_God_(art)" title="Hand of God (art)">Hand of God</a>. At the side of the disc are the figures of <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. The three lambs in the lower sector symbolize the saints Peter, James and John, alluding the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration of Jesus</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a>.</li> <li>in the lower one is a green valley with rocks, bush, plants and birds. In the middle is the figure of Saint Apollinaris, portrayed in the act of praying God to give grace to his faithful, symbolized by twelve white lambs.</li></ul> <p>The choice of the subject is closely linked to the fight against <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>, as it restates both the divine and human nature of Christ, the former negated by the Arians. In addition, the representation of Apollinaris among the apostles was a legitimization of Maximian as the first bishop of the diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-Fondazione_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fondazione-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Privil_classe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Privil_classe.jpg/220px-Privil_classe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Privil_classe.jpg/330px-Privil_classe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Privil_classe.jpg/440px-Privil_classe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic panel of Emperor Constantine IV granting privileges to the Church of Ravenna</figcaption></figure> <p>In the spaces between the windows are the four bishops who founded the main basilicas in Ravenna: <a href="/wiki/Ursicinus_of_Ravenna" title="Ursicinus of Ravenna">Urscinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursus_of_Ravenna" title="Ursus of Ravenna">Ursus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severus_of_Ravenna" title="Severus of Ravenna">Severus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecclesius_of_Ravenna" title="Ecclesius of Ravenna">Ecclesius</a>, all with a book in a hand. At the sides of the apse are two 7th-century panels: the left one, which has largely been restored, portrays the Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> granting privileges to an envoy of the Ravenna's archbishop. In the right panel are Abraham, Abel and Melchisedek around an altar, on which they offer a sacrifice to God.<sup id="cite_ref-Fondazione_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fondazione-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Basilica's walls are lined by numerous <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagi</a> from different centuries. They attest the changes of style from the 5th to the 8th centuries: from reliefs with human figures of the Roman sarcophagi, to Byzantine symbolism, to the increasing abstraction and simplification of these symbologies. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StappoclasseInner1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="image from the nave"><img alt="image from the nave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/StappoclasseInner1.jpg/98px-StappoclasseInner1.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/StappoclasseInner1.jpg/147px-StappoclasseInner1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/StappoclasseInner1.jpg/196px-StappoclasseInner1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">image from the nave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanapolinclasse04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ preaching, Triumphal Arch"><img alt="Christ preaching, Triumphal Arch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sanapolinclasse04.jpg/120px-Sanapolinclasse04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sanapolinclasse04.jpg/180px-Sanapolinclasse04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sanapolinclasse04.jpg/240px-Sanapolinclasse04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3904" data-file-height="2921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Christ preaching, Triumphal Arch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravenna_BW_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The apse is lavishly decorated with mosaics, such as the Crux Gemmata"><img alt="The apse is lavishly decorated with mosaics, such as the Crux Gemmata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ravenna_BW_4.JPG/120px-Ravenna_BW_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ravenna_BW_4.JPG/180px-Ravenna_BW_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ravenna_BW_4.JPG/240px-Ravenna_BW_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The apse is lavishly decorated with mosaics, such as the <a href="/wiki/Crux_Gemmata" class="mw-redirect" title="Crux Gemmata">Crux Gemmata</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Apollenaris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Apollenaris"><img alt="Saint Apollenaris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Saint_Apollenaris.jpg/95px-Saint_Apollenaris.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Saint_Apollenaris.jpg/142px-Saint_Apollenaris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Saint_Apollenaris.jpg/190px-Saint_Apollenaris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="2114" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint Apollenaris</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-roth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roth_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoth1993" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Leland M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingarc00roth/page/245"><i>Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning</i></a> (First ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingarc00roth/page/245">245</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-430158-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-430158-3"><bdi>0-06-430158-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Architecture%3A+Its+Elements%2C+History+and+Meaning&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pages=245&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-06-430158-3&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Leland+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingarc00roth%2Fpage%2F245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilica+of+Sant%27Apollinare+in+Classe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deliyannis, Mauskopf, Deborah. <i>Ravenna in Late Antiquity</i>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, January 2010, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turismo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turismo_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turismo_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismo.ra.it/en/culture-and-history/religious-buildings/basilica-santapollinare-classe/">"Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe", Turismo Ravenna</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fondazione-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fondazione_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fondazione_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fondazione_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ravennantica.it/en/santapollinare-in-classe/">"Basilica of Sant’Apollinare in Classe", RavennAntica, Fondazione Parco Archeologico di Classe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curate.nd.edu/show/g158bg2819w">"Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe", CurateND</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnellus of Ravenna, Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis (trans.), The Book of Pontiffs of the Church of Ravenna (Washington D.C., 2004), p. 234, f.n. 4</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weitzmann" title="Kurt Weitzmann">Weitzmann, Kurt</a>, ed., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533">Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century</a></i>, no. 505, 1979, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870991790" title="Special:BookSources/9780870991790">9780870991790</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External 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