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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Forms of worship among Eastern Catholics</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_particular_churches_sui_iuris" title="Category:Catholic particular churches sui iuris">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a> <a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris"><i>sui iuris</i></a><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin cross used in the Latin Church"><img alt="Latin cross used in the Latin Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/25px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/38px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patriarchal cross used in the Eastern traditions"><img alt="Patriarchal cross used in the Eastern traditions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg/22px-Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg/33px-Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg/44px-Patriarchal_or_Archbishop_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="289" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a> and Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">Patriarchal cross</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Particular churches are grouped by <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical rite">liturgical rite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Particular_churches_sui_iuris_sidebar" title="Template:Particular churches sui iuris sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Particular_churches_sui_iuris_sidebar" title="Template talk:Particular churches sui iuris sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Particular_churches_sui_iuris_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Particular churches sui iuris sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> utilize <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">liturgies</a> originating in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, distinguishing them from the majority of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgies</a> which are celebrated according to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>. While some of these <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i> churches use the same <a href="/wiki/Ritual_family" title="Ritual family">liturgical ritual families</a> as other Eastern Catholic churches and Eastern churches not in <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a> with <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a>, each church retains the right to institute its own <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">canonical norms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">liturgical books</a>, and practices for the <a href="/wiki/Rite_(Christianity)" title="Rite (Christianity)">ritual celebration</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRCE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRCE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, tension between Latin Catholics and those worshipping with Eastern liturgies resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Latinisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Latinisation">latinization</a>, restriction, or prohibition of Eastern liturgies within the Catholic Church. Since the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a> have encouraged the usage of traditional liturgies among Eastern Catholics and delatinization. Further emphasis on Eastern Catholic liturgical practice was made during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> with the publication of the 1964 <i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium Ecclesiarum</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> are <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">autonomous particular churches</a> that practice multiple liturgical rites, they have been collectively addressed as "Eastern-rite Churches" to distinguish themselves from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "rite" has also been used to mean <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i> particular churches; the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>'s 1964 decrees <i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium Ecclesiarum</a></i> specified that, within <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> contexts, "rite" addresses the particular "liturgy, ecclesiastical discipline and spiritual heritage" of a given group of Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boniface_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boniface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 369–370">: 369–370 </span></sup> Increasingly, the term "rite" has been considered more appropriate only when discussing <a href="/wiki/Ritual_family" title="Ritual family">liturgical ritual families</a><sup id="cite_ref-Essays_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essays-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup> or the ritual celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRCE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRCE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boniface_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boniface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 375–376">: 375–376 </span></sup> </p><p>Some liturgical rites used by Eastern Catholics possess multiple names, both within the same church or to distinguish use of the same rite by different churches.<sup id="cite_ref-CERR_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> has also been called the "Greek Rite" while Melkite worship according to this rite has also been called the "Melkite Rite".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the specific version of the Byzantine Rite used by Melkites might be referred to as the Melkite "<a href="/wiki/Use_(liturgy)" title="Use (liturgy)">recension</a>" of that rite;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term "use" is also applied to this concept among other Eastern Catholics such as the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a>'s permutation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xv">: xv </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micha%C5%82_Rahoza._%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_(XVII).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Micha%C5%82_Rahoza._%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%28XVII%29.jpg/220px-Micha%C5%82_Rahoza._%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%28XVII%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Micha%C5%82_Rahoza._%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%28XVII%29.jpg/330px-Micha%C5%82_Rahoza._%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%28XVII%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Micha%C5%82_Rahoza._%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%28XVII%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Michael Rohoza, proponent of union between Eastern Orthodox Christians and Catholics</figcaption></figure> <p>The Byzantine Rite was regularly practiced in territories adjacent to traditionally Latin liturgical regions in the southern <a href="/wiki/Italian_peninsula" title="Italian peninsula">Italian peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> through the first millennium, the result of hellenized <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">monasteries</a> and political divisions. This lineage of Byzantine ritual practice within Latin <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> survived in <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a> until the early 18th century, but was gradually absorbed following an influx of <a href="/wiki/Albanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian people">Albanian</a> immigrants in the 15th century; this later lineage forms the historic basis of the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEIG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEIG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rohoza" title="Michael Rohoza">Michael Rohoza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_of_Kiev_and_all_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'">Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'</a>, spent the latter years of the 16th century pushing for union between the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and Rome on the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adeney_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adeney-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 406–408">: 406–408 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brest" title="Union of Brest">Union of Brest</a> in 1595-1596 was an agreement among <a href="/wiki/Ruthenia" title="Ruthenia">Ruthenian</a> members of the Eastern Orthodox Church to break with <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and enter into <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> and Catholic Church. The union, both political and religious in nature, saw a list of 35 concessions written by Eastern Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Eparch" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparch">eparchs</a> that would preserve their Byzantine liturgical practices.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accepted terms, particularly with regard to retaining Byzantine liturgy and not requiring the <i><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></i> within the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a>, were assessed as "remarkably liberal" by historian <a href="/wiki/Walter_Frederic_Adeney" title="Walter Frederic Adeney">Walter Frederic Adeney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adeney_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adeney-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 408">: 408 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Uniate_Church" title="Ruthenian Uniate Church">Ruthenian Uniate Church</a> would be among the bodies formed from those who became Catholic under this union and it evolved into <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a>, the largest Eastern Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Eastern Catholic saw their liturgies largely treated with suspicion from the Latin Church and the broad introduction of <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Latinization" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Latinization">Liturgical Latinization</a>, wherein Latin practices were added to or replaced native ritual. Among these were the <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syrian Christians</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> that eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter group resisted Latin impositions, resulting in significant schism.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964 at the Second Vatican Council, the decree <i>Orientalium Ecclesiarum</i> was issued. This document sought to improve unity both between Latin and Eastern Catholics and between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Christian churches while placing a renewed emphasis on the distinctive elements of each tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Boniface_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boniface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 365">: 365 </span></sup> These elements included not only liturgy but also <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a> and autonomous administration. Scholarship on Eastern Catholic spirituality and liturgy benefited from the decree, resulting in some Eastern Catholics "rediscovering their own distinctive liturgical <a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestments</a> and actions."<sup id="cite_ref-OE50_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OE50-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Orientalium Ecclesiarum</i> also sought to undo "mutilations" accrued within Eastern Catholic liturgies through latinization and ethnic interests; <a href="/wiki/Boniface_Luykx" title="Boniface Luykx">Boniface Luykx</a> appraised these efforts as incomplete 30 years after the council.<sup id="cite_ref-Boniface_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boniface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 377, 384">: 377, 384 </span></sup> The process of reviving Eastern Catholic patrimony was bolstered by the post-conciliar <i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_for_the_Eastern_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Canons for the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons for the Eastern Churches</a></i>–containing the revised <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern Catholic canon law</a>–and the 1996 <i>Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</i>–which provided guidance on further implementing objectives described in <i>Orientalium Ecclesiarum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latinization_and_de-latinization">Latinization and de-latinization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Latinization and de-latinization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg/220px-1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg/330px-1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg/440px-1900_Koptisch_Katholische_Hierarchie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic Catholic</a> clergy and <a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar servers</a> wearing Latin <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">surplices</a> in Egypt, 1900</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Latinisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Latinisation">Liturgical Latinisation</a></div> <p>"Latinization" was a general name applied to efforts to modify Eastern Catholic practices with "the spirit, practices and priorities of Latin liturgy and theology." These processes were sometimes imposed by Latin authorities upon Eastern Catholics, though it was not uncommon for some Eastern Catholics to self-latinize.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite long-standing claims from members of the Maronite Church, communion between Rome and <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a> was inconsistent from their origins by the 6th century until the 12th century. Following the stabilization of communion, the West Syriac liturgies of the Maronite Church were gradually modified to match <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> liturgies and norms; the practice of <a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">communicating infants</a> was prohibited by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a>. The Maronite liturgies as they existed in the early 20th century were considered "disfigured" by this latinization and were distinguished from other Eastern Catholic liturgies by the significant adaptation to Roman Rite forms.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arrival of the Portuguese on the Malabar Coast saw efforts to integrate the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a> into the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Padroado" title="Padroado">Padroado</a></i> ecclesiastical structure. The 1599 <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a> was the result of the <i>Padroado</i> efforts, bolstered by <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionaries. The synod prohibited native <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> practices–these practices likely closely related to those of the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Apostolic Assyrians</a>–and subordinated Saint Thomas Christians to Latin <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(church_officer)" title="Ordinary (church officer)">ordinaries</a>. Resentment towards this arrangement spurred the 1653 <a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some Saint Thomas Christians remained in communion with Rome or returned shortly after the 1653 oath, others joined the Malankara Church that has itself divided into several churches, some influenced or in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>. Late 19th-century efforts by Syro-Malabar Catholics to achieve greater ecclesial and liturgical autonomy failed to subordinate them to the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a> but resulted in the creation of a papal commission in 1934 to create a de-latinized <a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">pontifical</a>. This process of de-latinization has continued progressively with opposition from a significant proportion of the Syro-Malabar; the debate continues to divide the church.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in the 20th-century, the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a> for Saint Thomas Christians converts from the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a>–previously in communion with the Syriac Orthodox–that used the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a> version of the <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a> saw efforts to address latinization within that church, sometimes leading to increased riffs between them and the Latin Catholics in India.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 1720 <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Synod of Zamość">Synod of Zamość</a>, the Ruthenian Uniate Church unilaterally authorized "latinizing" modifications to their <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> to emphasize unity with Latin Catholics. These alterations included the insertion of the <i>Filioque</i> into the creed and a commemoration of the pope in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ektene</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> commentators would harshly criticize the move, while later Catholic criticism would point to the unmodified Byzantine liturgies of the Melkite, Italo-Albanian, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian Greek Catholics</a> as evidence that the 1720 revisions were unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-CERR_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The synod's Latinizations have also been contrasted with the guidance described within <i>Orientalium Ecclesiarum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boniface_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boniface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 377">: 377 </span></sup> Latinization of the Byzantine Rite continued in the successive centuries in both Europe and the United States due to influence from the Latin Church. For the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the United States, Latinization was slowed during the 20th century by the arrival of educated native clergy and increased independence, particularly following the increased repression of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Soviet Union">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Soviet Union</a> in 1945–1946. These de-latinization trends continued in the 50 years following the Second Vatican Council.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A form of the <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_Addai_and_Mari" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaphora of Addai and Mari">Anaphora of Addai and Mari</a>, an East Syriac <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">anaphora</a>, was adapted for use by Eastern Catholics. The anaphora has traditionally lacked explicit <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a>–"Take and eat; this is my body...Take and drink: this is my blood...Do this in memory of me"–which the Catholic Church has long held as necessary for the consecration of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>; an explicit narrative of consecration was introduced to the Catholic version of the anaphora. The matter became an <a href="/wiki/Ecumenicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenicism">ecumenical</a> barrier between the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church. Ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity">Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity</a> issued a statement that the unmodified Anaphora of Addai and Mari without the institution narrative implicitly consecrates the Eucharist. This allowed the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> to formally approve reciprocal admission to the Eucharist between Chaldean Catholics and Assyrians in 2001. The decision was met with criticism by some <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Catholics">traditionalist</a> Latin theologians and church officials.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaldean Eucharistic liturgies—such as that celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> during his <a href="/wiki/2021_visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_Iraq" title="2021 visit by Pope Francis to Iraq">2021 visit to Iraq</a>—are still celebrated with the Words of Institution and the 2001 document encourages clergy of the Assyrian Church of the East to include them when Chaldeans are in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practice">Practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg/220px-Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg/330px-Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg/440px-Arberesh_Byzantine_Catholic_wedding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A couple marrying according to the <a href="/wiki/Mystery_of_Crowning" title="Mystery of Crowning">Mystery of Crowning</a> at a Byzantine Rite Catholic wedding</figcaption></figure> <p>While Eastern Catholic liturgies vary, the rituals celebrated generally have corresponding liturgies in the Latin liturgical rites and the other Eastern rites. For example, the Eucharistic celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> in the Latin rites is analogous to the Divine Liturgy of the Byzantine and <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian liturgical rites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a> of the West Syriac Rite, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a> of the Eastern Syriac Rite, and the Eucharistic celebrations of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a>. Just as there exist Latin <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> according to texts including the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a>, so too are there forms in each form of Eastern Catholic liturgy. These and other rituals are typically contained within authorized <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">liturgical books</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PotF_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PotF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The celebration of a specific Catholic sacramental liturgy is only permitted by those clergy canonically approved to utilize the form. As such, only clergy of a particular church that uses a rite may celebrate according to that rite, with exceptions among priests with bi-ritual faculties, who have received canonical approval to celebrate according to multiple forms. Both Latin and Eastern Catholic clergy can possess bi-ritual faculties; before it was normative for Latin Church liturgies to be in the vernacular, bi-ritual Latin clergy including Bishop <a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton J. Sheen</a> would celebrate Eastern Catholic liturgies in the vernacular.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attendance and reception of the Eucharist is permitted among all Catholics at all Catholic liturgies, regardless of which particular church a person is canonically a member of; attendance of an Eastern Catholic Eucharistic liturgy fulfills the Latin <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Sunday obligation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alexandrian_Rite">Alexandrian Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alexandrian Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian liturgical rites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Rite" title="Coptic Rite">Coptic Rite</a></div> <p>Descending from the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Mark</a>, the Alexandrian Rite has been influenced by multiple other rites, particularly Byzantine ritual.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexandrian liturgical rites are used by the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic Catholic Church</a> (which practices according to the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Rite" title="Coptic Rite">Coptic Rite</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian Catholic Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Alexandrine_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexandrine-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean Catholic Church</a>; the latter was separated from the Ethiopian Catholic Church in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>–a linguistic descendant of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian">Ancient Egyptian</a>–was long used in Coptic liturgies, Arabic replaced it in common practice by the early 20th century;<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1906, Coptic Catholics celebrating the canonical hours according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></i> would do so officially in Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 140, 146">: 140, 146 </span></sup> Ethiopian liturgies utilized <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical language">liturgical language</a> and are subsequently sometimes known as the Ge'ez Rite.<sup id="cite_ref-Torch_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torch-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The present Catholic Eucharistic liturgies in the Alexandrian rites contain little of the original Liturgy of Saint Mark, with the exception of an anaphora composed by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a> in the Coptic Rite. Liturgies attributed to <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Nazianzus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Nazianzus">Gregory Nazianzus</a> are also used. Within the Ethiopian Catholic Church, Cyril's anaphora is the most common and also known as the Liturgy of the Twelve Apostles; Ethiopian Catholics worship according to 14 anaphoras.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexandrine_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexandrine-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 156">: 156 </span></sup> The Ethiopian Catholic Church also celebrates some liturgies according to Latin practice;<sup id="cite_ref-Torch_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torch-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the near complete latinization of the Pontifical Ethiopian College was a point of division between Ethiopian Catholics and Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 155">: 155 </span></sup> Catholic Ge'ez Rite altar vessels were similarly latinized and a hybridized scheme developed for using unleavened bread at the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a> while having leavened bread at the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, it was universal custom to use unleavened bread as in Latin practice.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 156">: 156 </span></sup> Unique to the Catholic Ge'ez Eucharistic liturgy is the recitation of a modified form of the <a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> </p><p>Among the Coptic Catholics, the <i>Agpeya</i> (also transliterated <i>al-Agbieh</i>) is composed of seven hours, with an extra evening office "of the Veil" (<i>as-Satar</i>) for clergy. Night prayer is composed of three <a href="/wiki/Nocturns" title="Nocturns">nocturns</a> with twelve psalms and a gospel apiece, with each followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">troparia</a></i>, prayers, and the creed. With the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">dawn hour</a> <i>al-Baker</i> with its 19 psalms, the other hours are each twelve psalms.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 146">: 146 </span></sup> The Ge'ez Catholic Divine Office is almost entirely composed of psalms with short poems.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 160">: 160 </span></sup> There is also a Ge'ez <a href="/wiki/Marian_devotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian devotion">Marian</a> office.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 156">: 156 </span></sup> </p><p>During the early 20th century, Ethiopian Catholics utilized Ge'ez translations of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 156">: 156 </span></sup> Marriage among the Coptic Catholics remained a <a href="/wiki/Mystery_of_Crowning" title="Mystery of Crowning">crowning ceremony</a> while the Ethiopians adopted the Roman Rite's practice.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 148, 160">: 148, 160 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism" title="Infant baptism">Infant baptism</a> among Coptic Catholics is a lengthy rite featuring the anointment of the child with the <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_catechumens" title="Oil of catechumens">oil of catechumens</a> and followed immediately by the <a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">infant being confirmed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 146–147">: 146–147 </span></sup> Ordination rites among Coptic Catholics vary between <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a> and those for deacons, priests, and bishops; diaconal and presbyterial candidates receive two <a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">impositions</a> of the ordaining bishop's right hand on their head while episcopal ordinands receive impositions twice on their shoulders and forearms followed by the ordaining bishop breathing on their face.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 147">: 147 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_Rite">Armenian Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Armenian Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(1)Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%281%29Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg/220px-%281%29Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%281%29Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg/330px-%281%29Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%281%29Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg/440px-%281%29Armenian_Catholic_Church_Lidcombe-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Armenian Catholic liturgy in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></div> <p>The only Eastern Catholics who worship according to the Armenian Rite, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a>, celebrate in its traditional liturgical language, <a href="/wiki/Classical_Armenian" title="Classical Armenian">Classical Armenian</a>. It is a development of the originally Greek <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a> with attributes modified along Antiochene lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other modifications unique to the Armenian Rite as used by Eastern Catholics can be traced to Latin influence during the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>. Some long-standing communities of Armenian Catholics in Europe have unique ritual practices divorced entirely from the Armenian Rite in everything but language.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45–46">: 45–46 </span></sup> </p><p>The Armenian Catholic Divine Office is divided into nine hours. Each of these hours are associated with a particular <a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">devotion</a>, including to the three <a href="/wiki/Prosopon" title="Prosopon">Persons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, and are composed primarily of psalms, variable hymns known as <i>kanons</i>, and other prayers. The psalms are divided into seven groups for each day of the week. Some of the <i>kanons</i> are attributed to <a href="/wiki/Nerses_IV_the_Gracious" title="Nerses IV the Gracious">Nerses IV the Gracious</a> while some of the prayers are attributed to John Mantaguni.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 219">: 219 </span></sup> Mantaguni is credited with assembling much of the Armenian Catholic Divine Office.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recitation of the Divine Office has been required among Armenian Catholic clergy since 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 220">: 220 </span></sup> </p><p>The Eucharistic liturgy was traditionally celebrated in a <a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">quiet, almost inaudible voice</a> while the choir or people sing, only ending his prayers aloud. Armenian Catholics only worship with a single anaphora.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> The liturgy begins with the celebrant washing his hands while reciting <a href="/wiki/Psalm_25" title="Psalm 25">Psalm 25</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 213">: 213 </span></sup> The hymns sung by the choir and people follow the season or feast;<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 214">: 214 </span></sup> the calendar only contains seven fixed-date feasts with the remainder falling on a Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 221">: 221 </span></sup> </p><p>Formal celebration of <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Extreme Unction</a> was a long celebration that required the presence of seven priests, but this full service fell into disuse in the non-Catholic <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> by the 14th century. For practicality, Armenian Catholics had by the 20th century adopted the Roman Ritual's formula of administering unction. As in other Eastern liturgical rites, marriage involves a crowning ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 221">: 221 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_Rite">Byzantine Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Byzantine Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg/220px-Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg/330px-Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg/440px-Stendardo_catechismo_Eparchia_Piana_degli_Albanesi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>An Italo-Albanian church arranged for the first <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">confession</a> of children</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></div> <p>Most Eastern Catholics worship according to the Byzantine Rite, with many of the <i>sui iuris</i> churches utilizing it.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While sharing some elements with the Latin rites, the Byzantine Rite developed around the use of Greek, the <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> of those who worshiped according to that rite, as opposed to the former's use of Latin, an "unknown tongue" among many Western worshippers.<sup id="cite_ref-Adeney_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adeney-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 278">: 278 </span></sup> This use of the vernacular extended to other languages over the centuries, but Greek continued to be used in occasional solemn liturgies even among those who did not regularly speak it.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Byzantine Rite as used by Eastern Catholics developed first out of the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a>, a rite developed in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, which was later modified into the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">Liturgies of Saint John Chrysostom</a> and Saint Basil.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Eucharistic liturgy, known as the Divine Liturgy, the reception of Communion differs from Latin practice, in which it was traditional to <a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">receive only the Body</a> directly on an extended tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byzantine practice typically dictates that celebrant hold the chalice's veil is held under the communicant's chin and both the Eucharistic elements–the Body having been <a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">immersed</a> with a liturgical knife known as a <a href="/wiki/Spear_(liturgy)" title="Spear (liturgy)">spear</a> into the Blood–are administered with a <a href="/wiki/Spoon_(liturgy)" title="Spoon (liturgy)">liturgical spoon</a> into the communicant's mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom and Liturgy of Saint Basil have similar prayers and patterns for attendees, but the Liturgy of Saint Basil features longer prayers recited quietly by the celebrant.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Divine Liturgy is not celebrated on "strict <a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">fast days</a>", such as those during <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a> before <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Pascha</a>. A solemn evening service, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" title="Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a>, is celebrated during these days. The Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts does not feature any consecration but rather Vespers followed by a distribution of previously consecrated Communion.<sup id="cite_ref-Cycle_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cycle-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Byzantine Rite contains nine standard canonical hours, with these offices sometimes being referred to collectively as the "Divine Praises". The offices are contained within a liturgical book known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></i>. Vespers and Matins were the typical public daily liturgies prior to Latinizations–which reached their zenith among some Byzantine Rite Catholics in the 1950s–that supplanted them with daily Divine Liturgies; the Second Vatican Council would push against this trend and sought to restore regular practice of the canonical hours. This restoration of the canonical hours continued with the 1996 <i>Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</i>. Within Catholic Greek monastic communities and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a> ("Muscovite") parishes, the <a href="/wiki/All-night_vigil" title="All-night vigil">all-night vigil</a> combines the pre-Divine Liturgy offices of a feast day into a single service. This practice is extant but not normative within the Ruthenian Recension.<sup id="cite_ref-Cycle_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cycle-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a> is considered a culturally valuable component of the Catholic Byzantine Rite particularly with the growing number of choral compositions during the last two centuries. Among the most significant Byzantine Catholic musical traditions are those of the Ruthenians and Ukrainians, with the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia</a>'s tradition sharing much with the latter. Within the several Byzantine liturgical music traditions, differences in rhythm–particularly between those who celebrate in Greek and those who celebrate in Slavonic–are distinguishing.<sup id="cite_ref-Essays_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essays-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46–47">: 46–47 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Syriac_Rite">East Syriac Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: East Syriac Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a></div> <p>The East Syriac Rite is used by Chaldean and Syro-Malabar Catholics. Sometimes called the Chaldean Rite, it is a development of Antiochene practice and was traditionally celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The liturgy as used by the Chaldeans developed out of <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Urfa</a>) and is almost entirely in Syriac; the Scriptural lessons and other minor elements are said in the vernacular.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 162">: 162 </span></sup> Traditional Chaldean Catholic architecture places the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary#Sanctuary_as_area_around_the_altar" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> and altar behind a solid wall with three doors that can be obscured by curtains.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 163">: 163 </span></sup> Traditional Syro-Malabar liturgical architecture is similarly distinctive, but most other elements were for a long time latinized.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 185">: 185 </span></sup> </p><p>The Eucharistic liturgies of the Chaldean and Syro-Malabar Catholics, while still both of the East Syriac Rite, accrued significant Latin elements prior to the 20th century; significant portions of the Chaldean anaphora were directly taken from the Roman Canon as a historic "hallowing" had been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 175, 185">: 175, 185 </span></sup> A single anaphora, the Liturgy of Addai and Mari, was long used by the Syro-Malabar Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 186">: 186 </span></sup> Since Vatican II, some Syro-Malabars have introduced the <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i> stance of the celebrant that had been widely adopted within the Roman Rite's <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a>, as opposed to the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">ad orientem</a></i>, resulting in discord within the <i>sui iuris</i> church and appeals to the Vatican.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chaldean Catholics have three canonical hours: <i><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a></i> (equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a>), <i>Lilya</i> (a night office), and <i>Sapra</i> (equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a>). The entire Psalter is recited over the week alongside hymns and prayers–many authored by <a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a>–with the <i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></i> sung at <i>Sapra</i> on Sundays and feasts. The office is sung in the churchyard rather than within the church from <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension Day</a> to November.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 239">: 239 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Syriac_Rite">West Syriac Rite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: West Syriac Rite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg/220px-English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg/330px-English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg/440px-English-language_Maronite_liturgical_books.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3855" data-file-height="2853" /></a><figcaption>English-language Maronite liturgical books</figcaption></figure> <p>West Syriac liturgies descend from the Liturgy of Saint James and are in use by the Maronite Church, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a>, and Syro-Malankara Catholic Church. It also influenced the Byzantine, East Syriac, and Armenian ritual families. The Syriac Catholic Church has historically utilized seven anaphoras and the Maronite Church has used eight, the latter including a newer common form based on the Roman Canon. These liturgies have traditionally been celebrated in the Syriac language.<sup id="cite_ref-ECW_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECW-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 114–115, 140">: 114–115, 140 </span></sup> The Syro-Malankara use of the West Syriac Rite, known as the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>, has been understood as a less modified form of the rite relative to those liturgies of Syriac Catholics and Maronites; <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> in the form of exposition and <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a> had been introduced by the late 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 199">: 199 </span></sup> </p><p>The Syriac Catholic Church traditionally did not practice <a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">concelebration</a> at their Eucharistic liturgies–though on <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a> several concurrent liturgies could be celebrated on a shared improvised <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">altar</a>–and only celebrated their form of the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. During a standard liturgy, it was typical for the priest to enter the sanctuary unvested to say preparatory prayers before drawing a curtain, vesting in the <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">sacristy</a>, and withdrawing the curtain.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 171">: 171 </span></sup> The priestly <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign of peace">sign of peace</a> has been described as similar to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman or fascist salute</a> in appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 172">: 172 </span></sup> The Divine Office–divided into seven hours–is largely composed of poetry and hymns, with some hours featuring no Psalms. Baptism and confirmation are celebrated in the same liturgy; marriage is divided across a rite for blessing the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring" title="Wedding ring">rings</a> followed by the Mystery of Crowning.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 177–178">: 177–178 </span></sup> </p><p>The Maronite Church–like that of the Italo-Albanian Byzantines–uses an Eastern Catholic liturgy without direct non-Catholic analogue.<sup id="cite_ref-Essays_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essays-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> Maronite liturgy and most vestments were heavily influenced by Roman practices, though post-Vatican II efforts removed some of these accretions.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_10-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 171, 188–189">: 171, 188–189 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OE50_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OE50-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maronite Eucharistic liturgy is known as the <i>Qurbono</i> or <i>Qorbono</i> in Syriac, <i>Quddas</i> in Arabic, and the Holy Mystery of Offering in English.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nasrallah_Boutros_Sfeir" title="Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir">Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maronite_patriarchs_of_Antioch" title="List of Maronite patriarchs of Antioch">Maronite Patriarch of Antioch</a>, described the Maronite <i>Qurbono</i> as "marked by simplicity, clarity and active participation by the congregation."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the few anaphoras included in early printings of the <i>Qurbono</i> in Rome between 1592 and 1594 was the "Sharrar" attributed to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>; this was deleted in subsequent more latinized printings.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until at least the late 17th century, it was standard for the Maronite Divine Office (Syriac: <i><a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimto</a></i>) to be publicly said at monasteries with participation of the lay public; later Latinizations spurred by the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite College">Maronite College</a> in Rome and changes in lifestyle saw the Divine Office become an increasingly private practice. Some efforts to incorporate more public celebrations of the offices were made in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-PotF_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PotF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">festal propers</a> for both the <i>Qurbono</i> and <i>Shehimto</i> are contained within the <i>Fenqitho</i>; prayers present in the <i>Qurbono</i> are introduced in the morning prayer of <i>Safro</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_rites">Current rites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current rites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:75%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Extant<sup id="cite_ref-Essays_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essays-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Recension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian Recension</a></li> <li>Slavonic Recension</li> <li>Slovak Rite<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian liturgical rites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ge'ez Rite</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Carpatho-Russian_Orthodox_Diocese" title="American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese">American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese</a>, an Eastern Orthodox body originating due to liturgical Latinization</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Courage_to_Be_Ourselves" title="The Courage to Be Ourselves">The Courage to Be Ourselves</a></i>, a 1970 exhortation on Eastern Catholic practice</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demandatam" title="Demandatam">Demandatam</a></i>, a 1743 apostolic constitution on the Latinization of Melkite Catholic liturgy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_liturgy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRCE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GRCE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRCE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFortescue,_Adrian1909" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Fortescue" title="Adrian Fortescue">Fortescue, Adrian</a> (1909). 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"Chaldean Rite". <i>The Maryknoll Catholic Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania" title="Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania">Wilkes-Barre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a>: Dimension Books, <a href="/wiki/Maryknoll" title="Maryknoll">Maryknoll Fathers</a>. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chaldean+Rite&rft.btitle=The+Maryknoll+Catholic+Dictionary&rft.place=Wilkes-Barre%2C+PA&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Dimension+Books%2C+Maryknoll+Fathers&rft.date=1965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoppen2022" class="citation web cs1">Coppen, Luke (20 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pillarcatholic.com/the-churchs-other-liturgy-war/">"The Church's other 'liturgy war'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Pillar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pillar&rft.atitle=The+Church%27s+other+%27liturgy+war%27&rft.date=2022-07-20&rft.aulast=Coppen&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pillarcatholic.com%2Fthe-churchs-other-liturgy-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeggiani" class="citation book cs1">Beggiani, Seely. "The Holy Mystery of Offering (Qorbono)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stmaron.org/divliturgy"><i>A Commentary on the Holy Mysteries</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Saint_Maron_of_Brooklyn" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn">Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Holy+Mystery+of+Offering+%28Qorbono%29&rft.btitle=A+Commentary+on+the+Holy+Mysteries&rft.pub=Eparchy+of+Saint+Maron+of+Brooklyn&rft.aulast=Beggiani&rft.aufirst=Seely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stmaron.org%2Fdivliturgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGemayel,_Boutros1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Boutros_Gemayel" title="Boutros Gemayel">Gemayel, Boutros</a> (31 July 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stmaron.org/qurbono"><i>Qurbono: The Book of Offering: General Introduction and Explanation</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Saint_Maron_of_Brooklyn" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn">Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qurbono%3A+The+Book+of+Offering%3A+General+Introduction+and+Explanation&rft.date=1992-07-31&rft.au=Gemayel%2C+Boutros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stmaron.org%2Fqurbono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSfeir,_Nasrallah_Boutros2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nasrallah_Boutros_Sfeir" title="Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir">Sfeir, Nasrallah Boutros</a> (2012). "Introduction". <i>Book of Offering According to the Rite of the Antiochene Syriac Maronite Church</i>. p. III.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Book+of+Offering+According+to+the+Rite+of+the+Antiochene+Syriac+Maronite+Church&rft.pages=III&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Sfeir%2C+Nasrallah+Boutros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Rompay2006" class="citation book cs1">Van Rompay, Lucas (2006). "Excursus: The Maronites". In <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wainwright" title="Geoffrey Wainwright">Wainwright, Geoffrey</a>; Westerfield Tucker, Karen B. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_History_of_Christian_Worship" title="The Oxford History of Christian Worship">The Oxford History of Christian Worship</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3"><bdi>978-0-19-513886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Excursus%3A+The+Maronites&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Christian+Worship&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513886-3&rft.aulast=Van+Rompay&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmar1980" class="citation book cs1">Amar, Joseph (April 1980). "Foreword". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sjmaronite.org/files/Fenquitho.pdf"><i>Fenqitho: A Treasure of Feasts According to the Syriac-Maronite Church of Antioch</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Saint_Maron_of_Brooklyn" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn">Diocese of Saint Maroun-USA</a>. p. v-vi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=Fenqitho%3A+A+Treasure+of+Feasts+According+to+the+Syriac-Maronite+Church+of+Antioch&rft.pages=v-vi&rft.pub=Diocese+of+Saint+Maroun-USA&rft.date=1980-04&rft.aulast=Amar&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsjmaronite.org%2Ffiles%2FFenquitho.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurian2001" class="citation book cs1">Kurian, George, ed. (2001). "Slovak rite". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmA18QOiBUUC"><i>Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">Thomas Nelson</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slovak+rite&rft.btitle=Nelson%27s+Dictionary+of+Christianity&rft.place=Nashville&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZmA18QOiBUUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Catholic+liturgy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General125" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church634" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church634" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">rites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Catholic Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terce" title="Terce">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Catholic_Church" title="Procession">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Lyon" title="Rite of Lyon">Rite of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic<br />Churches</a><br />(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Catholic<br />liturgy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity965" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity965" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto-da-f%C3%A9" title="Auto-da-fé">Auto-da-fé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_apathy" title="Divine apathy">Divine apathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Final Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_works" title="Good works">Good works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hell_in_Christianity" title="Hell in Christianity">Hell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Kingdom of God (Christianity)">Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God" title="Love of God">of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortification_(theology)" title="Mortification (theology)">Mortification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortification_in_Catholic_theology" title="Mortification in Catholic theology">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortification_of_the_flesh" title="Mortification of the flesh">Of the flesh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_covenant" title="Mosaic covenant">Old Covenant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_the_Old_Covenant" title="Christian views on the Old Covenant">Views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">Repentance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">Sin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_sin" title="Eternal sin">Eternal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">Mortal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sins_that_cry_to_Heaven_for_Vengeance" title="Sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance">Sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venial_sin" title="Venial sin">Venial sin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice" title="Vice">Vice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mortgage" title="Social mortgage">Social mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_destination_of_goods" title="Universal destination of goods">Universal destination of goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worldview" title="Christian worldview">Worldview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonement" title="Atonement">Atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Lists of cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupio_dissolvi" title="Cupio dissolvi">Cupio dissolvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Catechesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Catholic priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk Christianity">Folk Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-air_preaching" title="Open-air preaching">Open-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_woman" title="Fallen woman">Fallen woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magdalene_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalene asylum">Magdalene asylum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellant" title="Flagellant">Flagellant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">Forgiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptive_suffering" title="Redemptive suffering">Redemptive suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-flagellation" title="Self-flagellation">Self-flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_supremacy" title="Christian supremacy">Supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_terrorism" title="Christian terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">... and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">... and other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_violence" title="Christianity and violence">... and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">... as an ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Jesus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">Good and evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_Christian" title="Nominal Christian">Nominal Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_love" title="Religious views on love">Religious views on love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role of Christianity in civilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Views on homosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Christian_Byzantine_Rite667" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:lightblue"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_Rite" title="Template:Byzantine Rite"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_Rite" title="Template talk:Byzantine Rite"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_Rite" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine Rite"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Christian_Byzantine_Rite667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Christian">Eastern Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" title="Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours#Byzantine_Rite_usage" title="Canonical hours">Divine Office</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vespers#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vespers">Vespers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Compline#Compline_in_Byzantine_usage" title="Compline">Compline</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnight Office">Midnight Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthros" title="Orthros">Orthros</a> <small>(Matins)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)#Byzantine_Rite" title="Prime (liturgy)">First Hour</a> <small>(Prime)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Terce#Eastern_Christian_Office" title="Terce">Third Hour</a> <small>(Terce)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sext#Eastern_Christian_Office" title="Sext">Sixth Hour</a> <small>(Sext)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)#Eastern_Christian_Office" title="Nones (liturgy)">Ninth Hour</a> <small>(None)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Inter-Hours" title="Inter-Hours">Inter-Hours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Typica" title="Typica">Typica</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/All-night_vigil" title="All-night vigil">All-night vigil</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Occasional</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baptism#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Insufflation" title="Insufflation">Insufflation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Minor_exorcism_in_Christianity" title="Minor exorcism in Christianity">Minor exorcism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_burial#Eastern_Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic_burial_ritual" title="Christian burial">Burial</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolution_of_the_dead#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Absolution of the dead">Absolution of the dead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Churching_of_women#In_the_East" title="Churching of women">Churching of women</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Consecration_in_Eastern_Christianity#Consecration_of_a_church" title="Consecration in Eastern Christianity">Consecration of a church</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone#Eastern_Churches" title="Cornerstone">Blessing of the cornerstone</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Christianity#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Exorcism in Christianity">Exorcism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> liturgies <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)#Eastern_Christian_practice" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Hours">Great Hours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios Threnos</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Epitafio" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitafio">Epitafio</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer">Good Friday Prayer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer_for_the_Jews" title="Good Friday prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Improperia" title="Improperia">Improperia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil#Byzantine_Christianity:_Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Greek_Catholicism" title="Easter Vigil">Paschal Vigil</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Hours" title="Paschal Hours">Paschal Hours</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Christian" title="Wedding ring">Vows</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mystery_of_Crowning" title="Mystery of Crowning">Mystery of Crowning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders#Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy orders">Ordination</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Axios_(acclamation)" title="Axios (acclamation)">Axios</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Anointing of the sick">Unction</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Last_rites#Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Common</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epistle#Eastern_churches" title="Epistle">Apostol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ecphonesis" title="Ecphonesis">Ecphonesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kathisma" title="Kathisma">Kathisma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">Laying on of hands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Megalynarion" title="Megalynarion">Megalynarion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Axion_Estin" title="Axion Estin">Axion Estin</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polychronion" title="Polychronion">Polychronion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Ephrem" title="Prayer of Saint Ephrem">Prayer of Saint Ephrem</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Procession#Eastern_Orthodox" title="Procession">Procession</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prokeimenon" title="Prokeimenon">Prokeimenon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)#Byzantine_Rite" title="Secret (liturgy)">Secret</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign of the Cross">Sign of the Cross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theotokion" title="Theotokion">Theotokion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Irmos" title="Irmos">Irmos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katavasia" title="Katavasia">Katavasia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ypakoe" title="Ypakoe">Ypakoe</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ton_Despotin" title="Ton Despotin">Ton Despotin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trisagion" title="Trisagion">Trisagion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Usual_beginning" title="Usual beginning">Usual beginning</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Divine Liturgy</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity#Eastern_and_Oriental_Christian" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)#Byzantine_Rite" title="Elevation (liturgy)">Elevation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)#Eastern_Christian" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution#Byzantine_Christian_Churches" title="Words of Institution">Words of Consecration</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherubikon" title="Cherubikon">Cherubikon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Entrance</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Entrance_prayers" title="Entrance prayers">Entrance prayers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Kiss of peace</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)#The_koinonikon_cycle_of_the_Divine_Liturgy_in_Orthodox_rites" title="Communion (chant)">Koinonikon</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Let_all_mortal_flesh_keep_silence" title="Let all mortal flesh keep silence">Let all mortal flesh keep silence</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Preparation" title="Liturgy of Preparation">Liturgy of Preparation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Only-begotten_Son" title="Only-begotten Son">Only-begotten Son</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zapivka" title="Zapivka">Zapivka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zeon_(liturgy)" title="Zeon (liturgy)">Zeon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Divine Office</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Ascents#Anabathmoi" title="Song of Ascents">Anabathmoi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aposticha" title="Aposticha">Aposticha</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Artoklasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artoklasia">Artoklasia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canon_(hymnography)" title="Canon (hymnography)">Canon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Doxology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Exapostilarion" title="Exapostilarion">Exapostilarion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Lity in Eastern Christianity">Lity</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canticle#Eastern_Christian" title="Canticle">Odes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polyeleos" title="Polyeleos">Polyeleos</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Matins_Gospel" title="Matins Gospel">Matins Gospel</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Doxastikon" title="Doxastikon">Doxastikon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Idiomelon" title="Idiomelon">Idiomelon</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theos_Kyrios" title="Theos Kyrios">Theos Kyrios</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop#Catholic,_Eastern_Orthodox,_Oriental_Orthodox_and_Anglican_churches" title="Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)#Eastern_Christianity" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonarch" title="Canonarch">Canonarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampadarius" title="Lampadarius">Lampadarius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegumen" title="Hegumen">Hegumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#Eastern_liturgical_rites" title="Reader (liturgy)">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Roman_Catholicism_and_Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Priest">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary#Sanctuary_as_area_around_the_altar" title="Sanctuary">Sanctuary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABr" title="Aër">Aër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_candle" title="Altar candle">Altar candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_lamp" title="Altar lamp">Altar lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogion" title="Analogion">Analogion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_brush" title="Anointing brush">Anointing brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium#Eastern_Christianity" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimins" title="Antimins">Antimins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambon_(liturgy)" title="Ambon (liturgy)">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bema" title="Bema">Bema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedra#Eastern_churches" title="Cathedra">Cathedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diptych#Ecclesiastical" title="Diptych">Diptych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_rug" title="Eagle rug">Eagle rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar#Byzantine_Rite" title="Altar">Holy Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relic#Christianity" title="Relic">Relic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_doors" title="Royal doors">Royal doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soleas" title="Soleas">Soleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothesis_(altar)" title="Prothesis (altar)">Table of Oblation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templon" title="Templon">Templon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antidoron" title="Antidoron">Antidoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterisk_(liturgy)" title="Asterisk (liturgy)">Asterisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azymite" title="Azymite">Azymite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">Baptismal font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Wedding_ceremony_customs" title="Wedding ring">Betrothal ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_cross" title="Blessing cross">Blessing cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelabra" title="Candelabra">Candelabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">Chrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikirion_and_trikirion" title="Dikirion and trikirion">Dikirion and trikirion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paschal_trikirion" title="Paschal trikirion">Paschal trikirion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten#Eastern_Christian_usage" title="Paten">Diskos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios</a> (<a href="/wiki/Epitafio" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitafio">epitafio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliva" title="Koliva">Koliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorugv" title="Khorugv">Khorugv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_(liturgy)" title="Lamb (liturgy)">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Liturgical fan in Eastern Christianity">Liturgical fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)#In_other_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh#In_contemporary_Christianity" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_of_catechumens" title="Oil of catechumens">Oil of catechumens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(funeral)" title="Pall (funeral)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podruchnik" title="Podruchnik">Podruchnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">sacramental bread</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_water" title="Rose water">Rose water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear_(liturgy)" title="Spear (liturgy)">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_(liturgy)" title="Spoon (liturgy)">Spoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil#Christianity" title="Veil">Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Christian" title="Wedding ring">Wedding ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship#Liturgical_books" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle#Eastern_churches" title="Epistle">Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmologion" title="Irmologion">Irmologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary#Byzantine_lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menaion" title="Menaion">Menaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menologion" class="mw-redirect" title="Menologion">Menologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos_(liturgy)" title="Octoechos (liturgy)">Octoechos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patristic_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="Patristic writings">Patristic writings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion" title="Pentecostarion">Pentecostarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaxarion" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaxarion">Synaxarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triodion" title="Triodion">Triodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Typicon">Typicon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Eastern_Church_vestments" title="Vestment">Vestments</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments#Eastern_Christianity" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_clothing" title="Baptismal clothing">Baptismal clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">Cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir_dress" title="Choir dress">Choir dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_comb" title="Liturgical comb">Comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engolpion" title="Engolpion">Engolpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigonation" title="Epigonation">Epigonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimanikia" title="Epimanikia">Epimanikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitrachelion" title="Epitrachelion">Epitrachelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klobuk" title="Klobuk">Klobuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabedrennik" title="Nabedrennik">Nabedrennik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orarion" title="Orarion">Orarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagia#Vestment" title="Panagia">Panagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelonion" title="Phelonion">Phelonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakkos" title="Sakkos">Sakkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)#Eastern_Christianity" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_(vestment)" title="Zone 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href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead#Eastern_Christianity" title="Prayer for the dead">Prayer for the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Roman_Catholic_and_Orthodox_views" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mysteries#Eastern_Christianity" title="Sacred mysteries">Sacred mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation#Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Theoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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