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href="https://www.academia.edu/62496728/Caterpillars_on_the_run_induced_defences_create_spatial_patterns_in_host_plant_damage">Caterpillars on the run–induced defences create spatial patterns in host plant damage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62496728" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f0b94d703f834b9709b5bb3d5283713" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75238763,"asset_id":62496728,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":615669,"name":"Polymer Blend","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Blend?f_ri=236377"},{"id":645443,"name":"Silver Nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silver_Nanoparticle?f_ri=236377"},{"id":888333,"name":"Thermal annealing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_annealing?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_580394" data-work_id="580394" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/580394/CARAIB_a_global_model_of_terrestrial_biological_productivity">CARAIB: a global model of terrestrial biological productivity</a></div></div><div 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risk in lacustrine fishes by means of tethering trials and survival analyses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28190249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="278ba7a18cd49aea0efb20c863ea1c1f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48500979,"asset_id":28190249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In almost every single application of ionising radiation, the accurate determination of absorbed radiation energy is of great importance. Radiation sensitive gels were first proposed for non-destructive and non-invasive measurements of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7995487" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In almost every single application of ionising radiation, the accurate determination of absorbed radiation energy is of great importance. Radiation sensitive gels were first proposed for non-destructive and non-invasive measurements of the spatial distribution of radiation absorbed dose in 1984 [1]. Two different systems were developed but neither of these systems is widely used in practice due to some technical drawbacks. To overcome the problems associated with previous systems a gelatin gel of different composition has been devised and characterised for radiation dosimetry. This system is based on the changes in the optical properties of a transparent gel medium when it is exposed to ionising radiation. The detection material was carefully investigated and the role of each constituent of this system has been studied in order to determine the optimum composition. Gel with this formula has a linear dose response in the range 0.1-30 Gy, this range can be altered to suit other applications by changing the concentration of the active chemicals. The gel sensitivity, defined as the change in optical density per unit radiation dose, was found to be 70×10 -3 cm -1 Gy -1 and the system stability was studied for both pre- and post-irradiation effects. This new formulation allows a convenient, rapid and economic readout method using an optical tomography system operating at visible wavelengths.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7995487" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f2fe1a026f3c15a7ff9651130e5af25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48260551,"asset_id":7995487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48260551/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15290918" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MamdouhBero">Mamdouh Bero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15290918" type="text/json">{"id":15290918,"first_name":"Mamdouh","last_name":"Bero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MamdouhBero","display_name":"Mamdouh Bero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MamdouhBero?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7995487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7995487"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7995487, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7995487", }); 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The gel sensitivity, defined as the change in optical density per unit radiation dose, was found to be 70×10 -3 cm -1 Gy -1 and the system stability was studied for both pre- and post-irradiation effects. 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Dynamic Harmonic Regression models are used to analyze rainfall and discharge time series across Thailand to define seasonality, trends and to forecast rainfall and discharge and their spatial distribution. Statistical patterns in the frequency of extreme rainfall and flow periods are identified with a view to improving predictions of medium and Longer-Term rainfall and river flow patterns. The results show temporal and spatial variation within the annual rainfall pattern in the study catchments. For example, the seasonality of the rainfall In the south is less pronounced (more equatorial). The discharge seasonal pattern shows stronger Semi-Annual cycles, with the weakest pattern in the south of country, whereas the strongest discharge sea...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73604962" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad3828a5dfa314f3f1be60569be5fa37" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82062445,"asset_id":73604962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82062445/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30897221" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PCarling">Paul Carling</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30897221" type="text/json">{"id":30897221,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Carling","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PCarling","display_name":"Paul Carling","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PCarling?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73604962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73604962"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73604962, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73604962", }); 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Dynamic Harmonic Regression models are used to analyze rainfall and discharge time series across Thailand to define seasonality, trends and to forecast rainfall and discharge and their spatial distribution. Statistical patterns in the frequency of extreme rainfall and flow periods are identified with a view to improving predictions of medium and Longer-Term rainfall and river flow patterns. The results show temporal and spatial variation within the annual rainfall pattern in the study catchments. For example, the seasonality of the rainfall In the south is less pronounced (more equatorial). The discharge seasonal pattern shows stronger Semi-Annual cycles, with the weakest pattern in the south of country, whereas the strongest discharge sea...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82062445,"asset_id":73604962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30897221,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Carling","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PCarling","display_name":"Paul Carling","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PCarling?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":26957,"name":"Statistical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality">Seasonality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57433" type="text/json">{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=766379]'), work: {"id":766379,"title":"Spatial distribution and long-term movement patterns of cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus within an estuarine 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policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture">Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7125" type="text/json">{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29800227]'), work: {"id":29800227,"title":"The geography of American 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Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1131769,"name":"Clean Air Act","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clean_Air_Act?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6990300" data-work_id="6990300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6990300/Impact_of_road_traffic_emissions_on_air_quality_of_the_Lisbon_region">Impact of road traffic emissions on air quality of the Lisbon region</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11871147" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarrosNelson">Nelson Barros</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11871147" type="text/json">{"id":11871147,"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Barros","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarrosNelson","display_name":"Nelson Barros","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarrosNelson?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11871147/3419713/4021661/s65_nelson.barros.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6990300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6990300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="896" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Quality">Air Quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="896" type="text/json">{"id":896,"name":"Air Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Quality?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11976" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution">Air pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11976" type="text/json">{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Resolution">Temporal Resolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13839" type="text/json">{"id":13839,"name":"Temporal Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Resolution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6990300]'), work: {"id":6990300,"title":"Impact of road traffic emissions on air quality of the Lisbon region","created_at":"2014-05-08T05:07:53.081-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6990300/Impact_of_road_traffic_emissions_on_air_quality_of_the_Lisbon_region?f_ri=236377","dom_id":"work_6990300","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48642296,"asset_id":6990300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11871147,"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Barros","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarrosNelson","display_name":"Nelson 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Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":303826,"name":"Atmospheric Circulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Circulation?f_ri=236377"},{"id":431154,"name":"Fuel Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_Consumption?f_ri=236377"},{"id":604200,"name":"Spatial resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_resolution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":762148,"name":"Emission Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emission_Inventory?f_ri=236377"},{"id":841223,"name":"Road Traffic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Road_Traffic?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7226171" data-work_id="7226171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7226171/Reciprocating_flow_based_centrifugal_microfluidics_mixer">Reciprocating flow-based centrifugal microfluidics mixer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7226171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a7e64460bc33590f6d5239bf6e56fdf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48556294,"asset_id":7226171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48556294/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12564182" href="https://shirazu.academia.edu/zahranoroozi">zahra noroozi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12564182" type="text/json">{"id":12564182,"first_name":"zahra","last_name":"noroozi","domain_name":"shirazu","page_name":"zahranoroozi","display_name":"zahra noroozi","profile_url":"https://shirazu.academia.edu/zahranoroozi?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7226171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7226171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7226171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7226171", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7226171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7226171; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7226171"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7226171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7226171"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7226171; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7226171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7226171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7226171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7226171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4456" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series">Time Series</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4456" type="text/json">{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7698" type="text/json">{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7226171]'), work: {"id":7226171,"title":"Reciprocating flow-based centrifugal microfluidics 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Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":32910,"name":"Sample Preparation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Preparation?f_ri=236377"},{"id":58918,"name":"Scientific Instruments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Instruments?f_ri=236377"},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers?f_ri=236377"},{"id":80872,"name":"Scientific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific?f_ri=236377"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=236377"},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=236377"},{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=236377"},{"id":387505,"name":"Light Intensity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_Intensity?f_ri=236377"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=236377"},{"id":414331,"name":"Centrifugation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centrifugation?f_ri=236377"},{"id":486330,"name":"Polydimethylsiloxane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polydimethylsiloxane?f_ri=236377"},{"id":539878,"name":"Chemical Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Reaction?f_ri=236377"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=236377"},{"id":794074,"name":"Microspheres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microspheres?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9507138" data-work_id="9507138" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9507138/Characterization_Techniques_for_Evaluating_Strained_Si_CMOS_Materials">Characterization Techniques for Evaluating Strained Si CMOS Materials</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The electron and hole mobility of Si complementary metal on oxide field effect transistors (CMOS) can be enhanced by introducing a biaxial tensile stress in the Si channel. This paper outlines several key analytical techniques needed to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9507138" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The electron and hole mobility of Si complementary metal on oxide field effect transistors (CMOS) can be enhanced by introducing a biaxial tensile stress in the Si channel. This paper outlines several key analytical techniques needed to investigate such layers. Raman scattering is used to measure the strain in the Si channel as well as to map the spatial distribution of strain in Si at a lateral resolution better than 0.5 μm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure the surface roughness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to reveal dislocations in the structure, the nature of the dislocations and the propagation of the dislocations. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to monitor the Ge content profile in the structure and the thickness of each layer. In the long term, inline nondestructive techniques are desired for epi-monitoring in manufacturing. Two techniques, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR), have shown promise at this stage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9507138" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7151bc03f128b55b333ef297e8539ab5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47751053,"asset_id":9507138,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47751053/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22294275" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BichYenNguyen">Bich-Yen Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22294275" type="text/json">{"id":22294275,"first_name":"Bich-Yen","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BichYenNguyen","display_name":"Bich-Yen Nguyen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BichYenNguyen?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9507138 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9507138"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9507138, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9507138", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9507138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9507138").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9507138").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9507138"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_Ion_Mass_Spectrometry">Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8674" type="text/json">{"id":8674,"name":"Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_Ion_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14076" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy">Transmission Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14076" type="text/json">{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiconductor_Devices">Semiconductor Devices</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15125" type="text/json">{"id":15125,"name":"Semiconductor Devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiconductor_Devices?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24373" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy">Atomic Force Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24373" type="text/json">{"id":24373,"name":"Atomic Force Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9507138]'), work: {"id":9507138,"title":"Characterization Techniques for Evaluating Strained Si CMOS Materials","created_at":"2014-11-26T01:57:05.624-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9507138/Characterization_Techniques_for_Evaluating_Strained_Si_CMOS_Materials?f_ri=236377","dom_id":"work_9507138","summary":"The electron and hole mobility of Si complementary metal on oxide field effect transistors (CMOS) can be enhanced by introducing a biaxial tensile stress in the Si channel. This paper outlines several key analytical techniques needed to investigate such layers. Raman scattering is used to measure the strain in the Si channel as well as to map the spatial distribution of strain in Si at a lateral resolution better than 0.5 μm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure the surface roughness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to reveal dislocations in the structure, the nature of the dislocations and the propagation of the dislocations. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to monitor the Ge content profile in the structure and the thickness of each layer. In the long term, inline nondestructive techniques are desired for epi-monitoring in manufacturing. Two techniques, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR), have shown promise at this stage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47751053,"asset_id":9507138,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22294275,"first_name":"Bich-Yen","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BichYenNguyen","display_name":"Bich-Yen Nguyen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BichYenNguyen?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8674,"name":"Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_Ion_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":15125,"name":"Semiconductor Devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiconductor_Devices?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":24373,"name":"Atomic Force Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":33296,"name":"Surface Roughness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Roughness?f_ri=236377"},{"id":152679,"name":"Dislocations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dislocations?f_ri=236377"},{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":459201,"name":"Spectroscopic Ellipsometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopic_Ellipsometry?f_ri=236377"},{"id":648356,"name":"Integrated Circuit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Circuit?f_ri=236377"},{"id":856179,"name":"Raman Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Scattering?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26205617" data-work_id="26205617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26205617/Microstructural_changes_as_postmortem_temperature_indicator_in_Ni_Co_Cr_Al_Y_oxidation_protection_coatings">Microstructural changes as postmortem temperature indicator in Ni–Co–Cr–Al–Y oxidation protection coatings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26205617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50113536" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/BerndBaufeld">Bernd Baufeld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50113536" type="text/json">{"id":50113536,"first_name":"Bernd","last_name":"Baufeld","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"BerndBaufeld","display_name":"Bernd Baufeld","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/BerndBaufeld?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50113536/19518382/19423722/s65_bernd.baufeld.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26205617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26205617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26205617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26205617", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26205617 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window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26205617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26205617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26205617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26205617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="522" type="text/json">{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14076" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy">Transmission Electron Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14076" type="text/json">{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26205617]'), work: {"id":26205617,"title":"Microstructural changes as postmortem temperature indicator in Ni–Co–Cr–Al–Y oxidation protection coatings","created_at":"2016-06-15T21:58:58.261-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26205617/Microstructural_changes_as_postmortem_temperature_indicator_in_Ni_Co_Cr_Al_Y_oxidation_protection_coatings?f_ri=236377","dom_id":"work_26205617","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46526787,"asset_id":26205617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50113536,"first_name":"Bernd","last_name":"Baufeld","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"BerndBaufeld","display_name":"Bernd Baufeld","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/BerndBaufeld?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50113536/19518382/19423722/s65_bernd.baufeld.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":14077,"name":"Electron Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Diffraction?f_ri=236377"},{"id":14925,"name":"Heat Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Treatment?f_ri=236377"},{"id":95528,"name":"Phase equilibria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_equilibria?f_ri=236377"},{"id":194828,"name":"Nickel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nickel?f_ri=236377"},{"id":230127,"name":"Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Dispersive_X-Ray_Analysis?f_ri=236377"},{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":473797,"name":"Microstructures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructures?f_ri=236377"},{"id":477062,"name":"Ambient Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambient_Temperature?f_ri=236377"},{"id":2295414,"name":"Thermal Gradient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Gradient?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25561901" data-work_id="25561901" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25561901/Microbial_Nitrogen_Cycling_Processes_in_a_Sulfidic_Coastal_Marsh">Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Processes in a Sulfidic Coastal Marsh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25561901" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1471cbc0c14f15bcb3d8a62303781e7a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45892510,"asset_id":25561901,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution">Spatial Distribution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236377" type="text/json">{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1916721" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Denitrification_Enzyme_Activity">Denitrification Enzyme Activity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1916721" type="text/json">{"id":1916721,"name":"Denitrification Enzyme Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Denitrification_Enzyme_Activity?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25561901]'), work: {"id":25561901,"title":"Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Processes in a Sulfidic Coastal 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of Pohorje Mts., 7 km along the southern marginal fault of the Pannonian basin in the vicinity of Karlovac, and 10 km along the branching fault of the PeriadriaticDrava fault marking... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18143696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... the PeriadriaticDrava fault in the marginal zone of Pohorje Mts., 7 km along the southern marginal fault of the Pannonian basin in the vicinity of Karlovac, and 10 km along the branching fault of the PeriadriaticDrava fault marking the southern border of the KalnikIvan ica Mts. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18143696" data-share-source="work_strip" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="407" type="text/json">{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics">Geophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="409" type="text/json">{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44126" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tectonophysics">Tectonophysics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44126" type="text/json">{"id":44126,"name":"Tectonophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tectonophysics?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/71756903/GIS_based_decision_support_system_for_groundwater_assessment_in_large_irrigation_project_areas">GIS-based decision support system for groundwater assessment in large irrigation project areas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In large canal irrigation project areas, integrated management of surface and groundwater resources can improve water use efficiencies and agricultural productivity and also control water logging. Such integrated management requires an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71756903" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In large canal irrigation project areas, integrated management of surface and groundwater resources can improve water use efficiencies and agricultural productivity and also control water logging. Such integrated management requires an estimation of spatial distribution of recharge and ground water flow in the underlying aquifer. Recharge occurs both as percolation losses from fields and seepage losses from the water distribution network. Percolation losses are influenced by weather, soil properties, land use, and canal water and groundwater use. Seepage losses depend on the conditions of flow in the water distribution system. In large irrigation project areas all the factors influencing the recharge of groundwater vary spatially. In this study, a geographical information systems (GIS) is used to map the spatial distribution of recharge which then serves as input to a regional groundwater flow model for simulating the behavior of the underlying aquifer. The basis is that the project...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71756903" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="341f0c2a6adcfc4b253f27a19738db56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80968506,"asset_id":71756903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80968506/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199124416" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ProfPBSSarma">Prof PB S Sarma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199124416" type="text/json">{"id":199124416,"first_name":"Prof PB S","last_name":"Sarma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ProfPBSSarma","display_name":"Prof PB S Sarma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ProfPBSSarma?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199124416/60888362/49156683/s65_prof_pb_s.sarma.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71756903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71756903"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71756903, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71756903", }); 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Such integrated management requires an estimation of spatial distribution of recharge and ground water flow in the underlying aquifer. Recharge occurs both as percolation losses from fields and seepage losses from the water distribution network. Percolation losses are influenced by weather, soil properties, land use, and canal water and groundwater use. Seepage losses depend on the conditions of flow in the water distribution system. In large irrigation project areas all the factors influencing the recharge of groundwater vary spatially. In this study, a geographical information systems (GIS) is used to map the spatial distribution of recharge which then serves as input to a regional groundwater flow model for simulating the behavior of the underlying aquifer. The basis is that the project...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80968506,"asset_id":71756903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":199124416,"first_name":"Prof PB S","last_name":"Sarma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ProfPBSSarma","display_name":"Prof PB S Sarma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ProfPBSSarma?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199124416/60888362/49156683/s65_prof_pb_s.sarma.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":13191,"name":"Groundwater 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1502402/Monitoring_and_modelling_of_urban_sprawl_using_remote_sensing_and_GIS_techniques">Monitoring and modelling of urban sprawl using remote sensing and GIS techniques</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concentration of people in densely populated urban areas, especially in developing countries, calls for the use of monitoring systems like remote sensing. Such systems along with spatial analysis techniques like digital image... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1502402" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concentration of people in densely populated urban areas, especially in developing countries, calls for the use of monitoring systems like remote sensing. Such systems along with spatial analysis techniques like digital image processing and geographical information system (GIS) can be used for the monitoring and planning purposes as these enable the reporting of overall sprawl at a detailed level.In the present work, urban sprawl of the Ajmer city (situated in Rajasthan State of India) has been studied at a mid scale level, over a period of 25 years (1977–2002), to extract the information related to sprawl, area of impervious surfaces and their spatial and temporal variability. Statistical classification approaches have been used for the classification of the remotely sensed images obtained from various sensors viz. Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ and IRS LISS-III. Urban sprawl and its spatial and temporal characteristics have been derived from the classified satellite images. The Shannon's entropy and landscape metrics (patchiness and map density) have been computed in terms of spatial phenomenon, in order to quantify the urban form (impervious area). Further, multivariate statistical techniques have been used to establish the relationship between the urban sprawl and its causative factors. Results reveal that land development (160.8%) in Ajmer is more than three times the population growth (50.1%). Shannon's entropy and landscape metrics has revealed the spatial distribution of the urban sprawl over a period of last 25 years.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1502402" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46a5dba0158b6c76fb4083c8f3611fed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50947264,"asset_id":1502402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50947264/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1469956" href="https://rediffmail.academia.edu/Murugasanrajiah">Murugasan rajiah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1469956" type="text/json">{"id":1469956,"first_name":"Murugasan","last_name":"rajiah","domain_name":"rediffmail","page_name":"Murugasanrajiah","display_name":"Murugasan rajiah","profile_url":"https://rediffmail.academia.edu/Murugasanrajiah?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1502402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1502402"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1502402, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1502402", }); 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The Shannon's entropy and landscape metrics (patchiness and map density) have been computed in terms of spatial phenomenon, in order to quantify the urban form (impervious area). Further, multivariate statistical techniques have been used to establish the relationship between the urban sprawl and its causative factors. Results reveal that land development (160.8%) in Ajmer is more than three times the population growth (50.1%). 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type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Carolina">South Carolina</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="91575" type="text/json">{"id":91575,"name":"South Carolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Carolina?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="127155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spartina_alterniflora">Spartina alterniflora</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="127155" type="text/json">{"id":127155,"name":"Spartina alterniflora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spartina_alterniflora?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution">Spatial Distribution</a><script 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18772068/Actual_distribution_of_Cronobacter_spp_in_industrial_batches_of_powdered_infant_formula_and_consequences_for_performance_of_sampling_strategies">Actual distribution of Cronobacter spp. in industrial batches of powdered infant formula and consequences for performance of sampling strategies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18772068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Temperature?f_ri=236377"},{"id":503578,"name":"Building Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Environment?f_ri=236377"},{"id":755542,"name":"Wind Speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Speed?f_ri=236377"},{"id":976170,"name":"Social Ties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Ties?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1984794,"name":"Urban Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Area?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13085716 coauthored" data-work_id="13085716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif 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u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64939" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_deer">Red deer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64939" type="text/json">{"id":64939,"name":"Red deer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_deer?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="194517" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervus_elaphus">Cervus elaphus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="194517" type="text/json">{"id":194517,"name":"Cervus elaphus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervus_elaphus?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution">Spatial Distribution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236377" type="text/json">{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=236377"},{"id":875506,"name":"Physical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Model?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23022995" data-work_id="23022995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23022995/Office_Sprawl_di_Jakarta">Office Sprawl di Jakarta</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sebagai kota dengan visi menjadi kota jasa bertaraf international, Jakarta memiliki wilayah segitiga emas sebagai kawasan bisnis utama/CBD, yaitu di sekitar Jl.Sudirman/Thamrin, Jl. Kuningan/Rasuna Said dan Jl. Gatot Subroto DKI Jakarta.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23022995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sebagai kota dengan visi menjadi kota jasa bertaraf international, Jakarta memiliki wilayah segitiga emas sebagai kawasan bisnis utama/CBD, yaitu di sekitar Jl.Sudirman/Thamrin, Jl. Kuningan/Rasuna Said dan Jl. Gatot Subroto DKI Jakarta. Terhitung sejak tahun 1960-an-2007 terdapat 138 gedung tinggi yang berfungsi sebagai perkantoran di CBD. Gedung tinggi yang dimaksud adalah gedung yang secara fisik memiliki 6 lantai atau lebih. Gedung perkantoran di CBD yang baru-baru ini diluncurkan adalah Sudirman Plaza, Menara Kuningan, Menara Satrio, Menara Prima, SCTV Tower dan Sentral Senayan 2. Tren wilayah metropolitan saat ini adalah meluasnya gedung perkantoran ke wilayah pinggiran kota. Gejala perluasan kawasan perkantoran atau office sprawl telah mulai terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia, Robert E.Lang (2003) telah membuktikan dengan melakukan survey di 13 metropolitan dunia dan menemukan kecenderungan penempatan lokasi perkantoran ke wilayah pinggiran kota. Salah satunya di South Florida, perluasan kawasan perkantoran ke wilayah pinggiran terjadi karena beberapa hal, diantaranya misi kota untuk mencapai lingkungan yang berkelanjutan dan makmur, misi ini pada dasarnya bertujuan mewariskan alam dalam kondisi cukup atau lebih baik dari saat ini, untuk itu diperlukan efisiensi dari berbagai hal, diantaranya konsumsi bahan bakar yang digunakan para pekerja untuk mencapai kantor. Di wilayah ini, perluasan wilayah perkantoran juga terjadi karena upah yang didapat pekerja tidak mencukupi untuk tinggal di tengah kota, sehingga harus menetap di pinggiran kota. Kondisi ini menyebabkan kawasan perkantoran yang tadinya terpusat di tengah kota harus bergeser ke pinggiran untuk mendekati kawasan permukiman para pekerja. Kondisi di atas nampaknya sudah mulai terjadi di Jakarta, selain di wilayah CBD, kawasan luar CBD yang paling agresif untuk perkantoran diantaranya di Kelurahan Mampang, koridor Jl. Dewi Sartika, koridor Jl. MT Haryono, koridor S. Parman, koridor arteri Permata Hijau dan koridor Jl. TB Simatupang. Gedung perkantoran di luar CBD yang baru saja selesai pembangunannya adalah Menara Kencana di Jakarta Barat. Pada tahun 2007, Syaukat, SF (2007) menemukan bahwa pada tahun 1985 pola sebaran gedung perkantoran di DKI Jakarta adalah terpusat (core dominated) di wilayah CBD, sementara setelah tahun 1985-2005 mulai tersebar (dispersed) ke luar wilayah CBD. Merujuk pada penelitian ini yang menggunakan klasifikasi sebaran perkantoran berdasarkan Lang (2000), disebutkan bahwa refleksi setiap jenjang klasifikasi Lang (core dominated, balanced, dispersed dan edgeless) di Jakarta berlaku setiap kurun waktu sepuluh tahun. Hal ini berarti dalam sepuluh tahun mendatang terhitung dari tahun 2005, yaitu tahun 2015 pola persebaran gedung perkantoran akan mengarah ke pinggiran kota (edgeless). Masih dari sumber yang sama didapatkan bahwa, umumnya perkantoran yang terletak di luar CBD bertahan di lokasi tersebut karena menghindari kepadatan lalu lintas di CBD,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23022995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5e9c23236d26d0df1e951960d69ab4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43534152,"asset_id":23022995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43534152/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5316592" href="https://indonesia.academia.edu/SyarifahSyaukat">Syarifah Syaukat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5316592" type="text/json">{"id":5316592,"first_name":"Syarifah","last_name":"Syaukat","domain_name":"indonesia","page_name":"SyarifahSyaukat","display_name":"Syarifah Syaukat","profile_url":"https://indonesia.academia.edu/SyarifahSyaukat?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5316592/11793042/13145127/s65_syarifah.syaukat.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23022995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23022995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23022995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23022995", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23022995]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23022995").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23022995").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23022995"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution">Spatial Distribution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="236377" type="text/json">{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23022995]'), work: {"id":23022995,"title":"Office Sprawl di Jakarta","created_at":"2016-03-09T00:27:24.615-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23022995/Office_Sprawl_di_Jakarta?f_ri=236377","dom_id":"work_23022995","summary":"Sebagai kota dengan visi menjadi kota jasa bertaraf international, Jakarta memiliki wilayah segitiga emas sebagai kawasan bisnis utama/CBD, yaitu di sekitar Jl.Sudirman/Thamrin, Jl. Kuningan/Rasuna Said dan Jl. Gatot Subroto DKI Jakarta. Terhitung sejak tahun 1960-an-2007 terdapat 138 gedung tinggi yang berfungsi sebagai perkantoran di CBD. Gedung tinggi yang dimaksud adalah gedung yang secara fisik memiliki 6 lantai atau lebih. Gedung perkantoran di CBD yang baru-baru ini diluncurkan adalah Sudirman Plaza, Menara Kuningan, Menara Satrio, Menara Prima, SCTV Tower dan Sentral Senayan 2. Tren wilayah metropolitan saat ini adalah meluasnya gedung perkantoran ke wilayah pinggiran kota. Gejala perluasan kawasan perkantoran atau office sprawl telah mulai terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia, Robert E.Lang (2003) telah membuktikan dengan melakukan survey di 13 metropolitan dunia dan menemukan kecenderungan penempatan lokasi perkantoran ke wilayah pinggiran kota. Salah satunya di South Florida, perluasan kawasan perkantoran ke wilayah pinggiran terjadi karena beberapa hal, diantaranya misi kota untuk mencapai lingkungan yang berkelanjutan dan makmur, misi ini pada dasarnya bertujuan mewariskan alam dalam kondisi cukup atau lebih baik dari saat ini, untuk itu diperlukan efisiensi dari berbagai hal, diantaranya konsumsi bahan bakar yang digunakan para pekerja untuk mencapai kantor. Di wilayah ini, perluasan wilayah perkantoran juga terjadi karena upah yang didapat pekerja tidak mencukupi untuk tinggal di tengah kota, sehingga harus menetap di pinggiran kota. Kondisi ini menyebabkan kawasan perkantoran yang tadinya terpusat di tengah kota harus bergeser ke pinggiran untuk mendekati kawasan permukiman para pekerja. Kondisi di atas nampaknya sudah mulai terjadi di Jakarta, selain di wilayah CBD, kawasan luar CBD yang paling agresif untuk perkantoran diantaranya di Kelurahan Mampang, koridor Jl. Dewi Sartika, koridor Jl. MT Haryono, koridor S. Parman, koridor arteri Permata Hijau dan koridor Jl. TB Simatupang. Gedung perkantoran di luar CBD yang baru saja selesai pembangunannya adalah Menara Kencana di Jakarta Barat. Pada tahun 2007, Syaukat, SF (2007) menemukan bahwa pada tahun 1985 pola sebaran gedung perkantoran di DKI Jakarta adalah terpusat (core dominated) di wilayah CBD, sementara setelah tahun 1985-2005 mulai tersebar (dispersed) ke luar wilayah CBD. Merujuk pada penelitian ini yang menggunakan klasifikasi sebaran perkantoran berdasarkan Lang (2000), disebutkan bahwa refleksi setiap jenjang klasifikasi Lang (core dominated, balanced, dispersed dan edgeless) di Jakarta berlaku setiap kurun waktu sepuluh tahun. Hal ini berarti dalam sepuluh tahun mendatang terhitung dari tahun 2005, yaitu tahun 2015 pola persebaran gedung perkantoran akan mengarah ke pinggiran kota (edgeless). Masih dari sumber yang sama didapatkan bahwa, umumnya perkantoran yang terletak di luar CBD bertahan di lokasi tersebut karena menghindari kepadatan lalu lintas di CBD,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43534152,"asset_id":23022995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5316592,"first_name":"Syarifah","last_name":"Syaukat","domain_name":"indonesia","page_name":"SyarifahSyaukat","display_name":"Syarifah Syaukat","profile_url":"https://indonesia.academia.edu/SyarifahSyaukat?f_ri=236377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5316592/11793042/13145127/s65_syarifah.syaukat.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22436257" data-work_id="22436257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22436257/Spatial_analysis_of_fine_root_distribution_on_a_recently_constructed_ecosystem_in_a_water_limited_environment">Spatial analysis of fine root distribution on a recently constructed ecosystem in a water-limited environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22436257" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5eb1a62232fcb9aae6c16fd2040deba7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43055285,"asset_id":22436257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43055285/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32759501" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WillisGwenzi">Willis Gwenzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32759501" type="text/json">{"id":32759501,"first_name":"Willis","last_name":"Gwenzi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WillisGwenzi","display_name":"Willis Gwenzi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WillisGwenzi?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22436257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22436257"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22436257, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22436257", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22436257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_22436257").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22436257").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22436257"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis">Spatial Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1362" type="text/json">{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202401" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_Distribution">Root Distribution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="202401" type="text/json">{"id":202401,"name":"Root Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_Distribution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22436257]'), work: {"id":22436257,"title":"Spatial analysis of fine root distribution on a recently constructed ecosystem in a water-limited environment","created_at":"2016-02-25T07:07:55.285-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22436257/Spatial_analysis_of_fine_root_distribution_on_a_recently_constructed_ecosystem_in_a_water_limited_environment?f_ri=236377","dom_id":"work_22436257","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43055285,"asset_id":22436257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32759501,"first_name":"Willis","last_name":"Gwenzi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WillisGwenzi","display_name":"Willis Gwenzi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WillisGwenzi?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":202401,"name":"Root Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_Distribution?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"},{"id":251652,"name":"Water Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Use?f_ri=236377"},{"id":546940,"name":"Standard Error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Error?f_ri=236377"},{"id":576427,"name":"soil pH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/soil_pH?f_ri=236377"},{"id":722661,"name":"Soil Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Properties?f_ri=236377"},{"id":771878,"name":"Spatial structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_structure?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1202042,"name":"Electric Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Conductivity?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1216380,"name":"Soil Bulk Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Bulk_Density?f_ri=236377"},{"id":1492971,"name":"Root length density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_length_density?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21351376" data-work_id="21351376" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21351376/Screening_of_recycling_and_non_recycling_impurities_in_the_Alcator_C_Mod_tokamak">Screening of recycling and non-recycling impurities in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21351376" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99b03b45eee720f1e53bf22909a365bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41828766,"asset_id":21351376,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41828766/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42441150" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BLabombard">B. Labombard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42441150" type="text/json">{"id":42441150,"first_name":"B.","last_name":"Labombard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BLabombard","display_name":"B. Labombard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BLabombard?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21351376 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21351376"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21351376, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21351376", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21351376 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21351376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21351376"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21351376 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21351376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21351376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21351376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21351376").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21351376").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21351376"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6974" type="text/json">{"id":6974,"name":"Monte Carlo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21423" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Materials">Nuclear Materials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21423" type="text/json">{"id":21423,"name":"Nuclear Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Materials?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151091" type="text/json">{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21351376]'), work: {"id":21351376,"title":"Screening of recycling and non-recycling impurities in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak","created_at":"2016-01-31T19:20:49.822-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21351376/Screening_of_recycling_and_non_recycling_impurities_in_the_Alcator_C_Mod_tokamak?f_ri=236377","dom_id":"work_21351376","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41828766,"asset_id":21351376,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42441150,"first_name":"B.","last_name":"Labombard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BLabombard","display_name":"B. Labombard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BLabombard?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":6974,"name":"Monte Carlo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":21423,"name":"Nuclear Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Materials?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=236377","nofollow":false},{"id":236377,"name":"Spatial Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Distribution?f_ri=236377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20161519 coauthored" data-work_id="20161519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20161519/CARACT%C3%89RISATION_DU_SANG_PAR_ULTRASONS_HAUTES_FR%C3%89QUENCES">CARACTÉRISATION DU SANG PAR ULTRASONS HAUTES FRÉQUENCES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Our interest here is in the experimental determination of ultrasonic attenuation in blood as a function of its main components (plasma and erythrocytes) in the frequency range between 50 and 400 MHz at the room tem perature of 20°C. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20161519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Our interest here is in the experimental determination of ultrasonic attenuation in blood as a function of its main components (plasma and erythrocytes) in the frequency range between 50 and 400 MHz at the room tem perature of 20°C. The originality of this work is that, with such high frequencies, the wavelengths become very close to the scatterers&amp;amp;amp;#39; (the erythrocytes)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20161519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fec16595da5c18de455648b8aed8e0fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41983954,"asset_id":20161519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41983954/download_file?st=MTczMjc2MDE5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41273686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalikaToubal">Malika Toubal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41273686" type="text/json">{"id":41273686,"first_name":"Malika","last_name":"Toubal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MalikaToubal","display_name":"Malika Toubal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MalikaToubal?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20161519">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20161519"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ourak">M. 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16863808 coauthored" data-work_id="16863808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16863808/Modelling_the_effects_of_landscape_fuel_treatments_on_fire_growth_and_behaviour_in_a_Mediterranean_landscape_eastern_Spain_">Modelling the effects of landscape fuel treatments on fire growth and behaviour in a Mediterranean landscape (eastern Spain)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16863808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36331154" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BeatrizDuguy">Beatriz Duguy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36331154" type="text/json">{"id":36331154,"first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Duguy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BeatrizDuguy","display_name":"Beatriz Duguy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BeatrizDuguy?f_ri=236377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16863808">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16863808"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uji.academia.edu/FranciscoPastor">Francisco Pastor</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: 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