5G & Beyond

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<div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8" > <div class="nist-block gray-box" > <div class="text-long"> <h2>Summary</h2> <p>“5G and beyond” refers to future generations of mobile wireless communication systems. The vision for these next-generation systems are to enable groundbreaking mobile applications requiring high-quality low-latency visual, tactile and audio telepresence, in addition to massive capacity (upwards of 1 000 times) and connectivity (billions of users and machines).</p> <p>Next generation mobile communications have begun harnessing available frequencies at millimeter wavelength (30 – 300 GHz), where high propagation loss can be recovered by high-power transmitters with tens to hundreds of antennas, commonly referred to as Massive-MIMO antennas. The greater the number of antennas, the higher the transmit power that can be achieved by combining the individual power of each antenna, a technique otherwise known as beamforming. Industry is already exploring the use of massive-MIMO antenna arrays that allow increased simultaneous transmission capacity; millimeter-wave spectrum to alleviate the spectrum crunch in current frequency bands; and ultra-dense networks to allow short-range, high-speed data transfer.</p> <p>An important part of CTL’s work in this area is sponsoring the <a href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/nextg-channel-model-alliance">NextG</a><a href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/5g-mmwave-channel-model-alliance"> Channel Model Alliance</a><a href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/nextg-channel-model-alliance">,</a> a nexus of efforts across the globe to develop future radio channels that will make up these massive capacity low latency 5G networks.</p> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Description</h2> <div class="text-with-summary"> <div class="margin-left-4 margin-bottom-2 align-right"> <figure class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/projects/next_generation_5g_research.jpg?itok=S5Kt5nvE" data-media-id="286876"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/projects/next_generation_5g_research.jpg?itok=e2osRncb" width="378" height="186" alt="NIST engineer Kate Remley led development of new 94 gigahertz calibrated signal source and 16-antenna array operating at 83 gigahertz" title="NIST engineer Kate Remley led development of new 94 gigahertz calibrated signal source and 16-antenna array operating at 83 gigahertz" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption"> <div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content"> <p>NIST engineer Kate Remley led development of new 94 gigahertz calibrated signal source and 16-antenna array operating at 83 gigahertz</p> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <p>The realization of this long-term vision requires tackling key technical challenges to allow for greater temporal, spectral, coding and spatial resource efficiency. As well, these technologies all rely on high levels of electronic device integration, yielding a radical new connectorless measurement paradigm where “on-wafer-to-over-the-air” measurements are the norm.</p> <p>The “5G and Beyond” program at NIST is designed to provide the wireless industry with the maximum metrological impact as it develops new technology, standards, and instrumentation. It includes the following projects.</p> <p> </p> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <p class="text-align-center"> </p> </div> <div class="grid-col last"> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <p class="text-align-center"> </p> </div> <div class="grid-col last"> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group"> <div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2016/10/25/channel_measurement_and_modeling-1.jpg?itok=2zRDwww7" data-media-id="327381"> <img alt="channel_measurement_and_modeling" height="149" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2016/10/25/channel_measurement_and_modeling-1.jpg?itok=9IJowL_l" typeof="foaf:Image" width="340"> </div> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption">NIST 60 GHz Channel Sounder</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="grid-col last"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/wireless-networks-division/channel-measurement-and-modeling-0">Channel Measurement and Modeling</a> <ul> <li>mmWave Channel Sounding</li> <li>Channel Modeling</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <p class="text-align-center"> </p> <figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group"> <div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2016/10/25/massive_mimo.jpg?itok=IAInwgdV" data-media-id="327386"> <img alt="massive_mimo" height="148" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2016/10/25/massive_mimo.jpg?itok=ETcX-hQ0" typeof="foaf:Image" width="252"> </div> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Anachoic Chamber Testing</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="grid-col last"> <ul> <li>Over-the-Air Test for Massive MIMO <ul> <li>Antenna Meas. Facility</li> <li>MIMO Antenna Test</li> <li>Free-Field Modulated Signal Test</li> <li>Reverb. Chamber Methods</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <p class="text-align-center"> </p> <figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group"> <div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2021/08/11/qdFrameworkBigPicture.png?itok=fLbTxo6R" data-media-id="619291"> <img alt="The NIST Quasi-Deterministic Framework" height="191" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2021/08/11/qdFrameworkBigPicture.png?itok=yuJNBJ-Z" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"> </div> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption">NIST Quasi-Deterministic Framework</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="grid-col last"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/future-wireless-communications-systems-and-protocols">Future Wireless Communications Systems and Protocols</a> <ul> <li>Millimeter Wave Communications Protocols</li> <li>Integrated Communication and Sensing Systems</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block" >  <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-tags"> <a href="/topic-terms/advanced-communications" hreflang="en">Advanced communications</a>, <a href="/topic-terms/wireless-rf" hreflang="en">Wireless (RF)</a>, <a href="/topic-terms/networking" hreflang="en">Networking</a> and <a href="/topic-terms/next-generation-networks" hreflang="en">Next generation networks</a></div>  </div> </div> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-second tablet-lg:grid-col-4"> <div>  <div class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--org" data-elastic-exclude="" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Organizations</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-9a74f23deb12abf9e0caf6e8fa5c6866217501fecdb607323290214045bdc475"> <div class="nist-related-orgs"><div class="term-tree-list"> <ul class="term"><li><a href="/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters" class="selected" hreflang="en">NIST Headquarters</a></li><li><ul class="term"><li><a href="/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs" class="selected" hreflang="en">Laboratory Programs</a></li><li><ul class="term"><li><a href="/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs/communications-technology-laboratory" class="selected" hreflang="en">Communications Technology Laboratory</a></li><li><ul class="term"><li><a href="/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs/communications-technology-laboratory/rf" class="selected" hreflang="en">RF Technology Division</a></li><li><a href="/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs/communications-technology-laboratory-1" class="selected" hreflang="en">Wireless Networks Division</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Contact</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li about="/people/nada-t-golmie" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/nada-t-golmie" title="View staff profile page">Nada T. Golmie</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:nada.golmie@nist.gov">nada.golmie@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (301) 975-4190 </div> </li> <li about="/people/kate-remley" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/kate-remley" title="View staff profile page">Kate Remley</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:kate.remley@nist.gov">kate.remley@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-3652 </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Project Status</h2> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Other Projects</h2> <div class="text-long"><p><a href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/massive-mimo">Massive Multi-user MIMOMillimeter-wave Communication Systems</a><br> <a href="https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/ultra-dense-networks">Ultra-dense Networks</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom" > <div class="nist-block" > <div class="text-italic font-sans-2xs"> Created December 5, 2014, Updated October 13, 2021 </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" /> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST"> <span>X.com</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href=" https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href=" https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href=" https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href=" https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href=" https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href=" https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href=" https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? 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