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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Earthquake_magnitude" title="قالب:Earthquake magnitude – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قالب:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9A:M" title="সাঁচ:M – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাঁচ:M" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Z%C9%99lz%C9%99l%C9%99_maqnitudas%C4%B1" title="Şablon:Zəlzələ maqnitudası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şablon:Zəlzələ maqnitudası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Earthquake_magnitude" title="شابلون:Earthquake magnitude – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شابلون:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal:M" title="Mal:M – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mal:M" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:M" title="टेम्पलेट:M – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टेम्पलेट:M" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodyn:Earthquake_magnitude" title="Nodyn:Earthquake magnitude – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nodyn:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%84:%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="موضيل:قوة د الزلزال – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موضيل:قوة د الزلزال" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87" title="الگو:بزرگی زمین‌لرزه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الگو:بزرگی زمین‌لرزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="틀:지진 규모 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="틀:지진 규모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="साँचा:भूकंप की तीव्रता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साँचा:भूकंप की तीव्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Magnituda_potresa" title="Predložak:Magnituda potresa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predložak:Magnituda potresa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:M" title="Templat:M – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Templat:M" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingero:M" title="Ingero:M – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ingero:M" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:M" title="Şablon:M – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şablon:M" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Earthquake_magnitude" title="ഫലകം:Earthquake magnitude – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫലകം:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Magnitud_gempa_bumi" title="Templat:Magnitud gempa bumi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Templat:Magnitud gempa bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA:M" title="တမ်းပလိတ်:M – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တမ်းပလိတ်:M" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:M" title="Template:M – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Template:M" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:M" title="کينډۍ:M – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کينډۍ:M" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mag" title="Template:Mag – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Template:Mag" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Earthquake_magnitude" title="Template:Earthquake magnitude – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Template:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predloga:Magnituda_potresa" title="Predloga:Magnituda potresa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predloga:Magnituda potresa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95:Earthquake_magnitude" title="داڕێژە:Earthquake magnitude – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="داڕێژە:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padron:Earthquake_magnitude" title="Padron:Earthquake magnitude – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Padron:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:Earthquake_magnitude" title="ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Earthquake magnitude – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Earthquake_magnitude" title="แม่แบบ:Earthquake magnitude – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่แบบ:Earthquake magnitude" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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<span class="documentation-heading" id="documentation-heading"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/75px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/100px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> Template documentation</span><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks">[<a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquake_magnitude/doc" title="Template:Earthquake magnitude/doc">view</a>] [<a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquake_magnitude/doc" 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ombox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Warning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="334" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This template is used on <a class="external text" href="https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=en.wikipedia.org&page=Template%3AEarthquake+magnitude#transclusions">approximately 2,200 pages</a></b> and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's <a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquake_magnitude/sandbox" title="Template:Earthquake magnitude/sandbox">/sandbox</a> or <a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquake_magnitude/testcases" title="Template:Earthquake magnitude/testcases">/testcases</a> subpages, or in your own <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages#SUB" title="Wikipedia:User pages">user subpage</a>. Consider discussing changes on the <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquake_magnitude" title="Template talk:Earthquake magnitude">talk page</a> before implementing them.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notice"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/40px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/60px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/80px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;">This template should not be used in citation templates such as <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a>, because it includes markup that will pollute the <a href="/wiki/COinS" title="COinS">COinS</a> metadata they produce; see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">Wikipedia:COinS</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="M"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>{{<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:M&redirect=no">M</a></span>}}</li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><small>For the "small letter m with dot below" please copy-and-paste: ṃ</small></li></ul> <p>Given a valid code (see table), outputs an earthquake magnitude scale label, either the generic M, or a subtype (such as M<sub>w</sub>  or mb<sub>Lg</sub> ), conformable with the labels most commonly used by the major seismological authorities. The article is automatically added to a tracking category. Optionally adds a value or relation, identifies a source, or links to explanatory text at <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales">Seismic magnitude scales</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3></div> <p>The full name serves to better identify this template's purpose. For most practical purposes, the shortcut <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is used as described below. </p> <ul><li><code>{{ M | <code*> | <value or relation> | src = <source> | link=y }}</code></li></ul> <p>A valid <b>code</b> is required (see <a href="#Table">table</a>), other parameters are optional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3></div> <p>Label only: </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|w}}</code> → M<sub>w</sub> </li></ul> <p>With a value or range: </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|s|5.1}}</code> → M<sub>s</sub> 5.1.</li> <li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|w|6.2 – 6.5}}</code> → M<sub>w</sub> 6.2 – 6.5</li></ul> <p>Label wikilinked to explanatory text (useful for first mention): </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|t|<b>link=y</b>}}</code> → <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mt" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000B-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Tsunami mag. scale">M<sub>t</sub></span></a></li> <li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|b|5.2|<b>link=y</b>}}</code> → <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mb" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Body-wave mag.">mb</span></a>5.2</li></ul> <p>To show that a magnitude is from a particular catalog or source use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|src=</code>: </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|w|8.1|<b>src=</b>HRV}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|e|8.8|<b>src=</b>USGS-PDE}}</code> → M<sub>w</sub> <sup>(HRV)</sup> 8.1,   M<sub>e</sub> <sup>(USGS-PDE)</sup> 8.8</li></ul> <dl><dd><small>(Note: this is not suitable for purposes of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Verification">WP:Verification</a>.)</small></dd></dl> <p>There are multiple magnitude scales. To maintain accuracy and avoid error <i><b>please use the proper code</b></i> (see below). If you are uncertain use the special maintenance code "?", which flags this instance for further attention: </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>?</b>}}</code> → <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Unknown mag. scale">M</span></li></ul> <p>Typical use in article text, with in-line citation: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248585704">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{color:#00B785}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{color:#00B785}}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{font-family:Georgia,"DejaVu Serif",serif;color:#008560;quotes:none}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk-italic{font-family:inherit;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk-marks{quotes:"\"""\""}</style><q class="inline-quote-talk">The 1964 Alaska earthquake, magnitude {{M|w|6.7|src=NEIC}}<ref>{{short-isc|EHB|869809}}.</ref> ....</q></li></ul> <p>The special code "<b>magnitude</b>" produces a suitable wikilink for generic use: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248585704"><q class="inline-quote-talk">A <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales">magnitude</a> 7 earthquake ....</q></li></ul> <p>The special codes "M" and "mag" produce a suitably wikilinked caption for use in tables: </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>M</b>}}</code> → <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales">M</a>; <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>mag</b>}}</code> → <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales">Mag.</a></li></ul> <p>The standard symbol for <a href="/wiki/Seismic_moment" title="Seismic moment">seismic moment</a> can be produced as straight text, or as a math variable (applies CSS 'texhtml' styling using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Mvar" title="Template:Mvar">mvar</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>): </p> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>0</b>}}</code> → M<sub><small>0</small></sub> ; <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>0tex</b>}}</code> → <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M<sub><small>0</small></sub></span> </li></ul> <div style="border: 2px solid #005000;margin: 2em; padding: 1em;"> <p><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Important note: Please do NOT specify a magnitude as "Richter scale"</span> just because a newspaper or other popular media says "Richter". <b>That is usually incorrect</b>. Earthquake magnitudes reported by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a> (USGS) and other seismological authorities now generally use the <a href="/wiki/Seismic_scale#Mw" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic scale">moment magnitude scale</a> for magnitudes greater than 4.0. While most newspapers and other popular media refer to this as the "Richter" magnitude, that is not correct. <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">Richter's original scale</a>, explicitly denoted with the symbol "ML" or "M<sub>L</sub>" (where "L" indicates "Local"), was developed for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes in the vicinity of southern California. While the "Richter" and moment magnitude scales are similar, they do differ, particularly for earthquakes stronger than about M 6.5, or deeper than about 50 km. </p><p>In general: where any source specifies magnitude on a scale <i>other than</i> "Richter", or uses "M" (or "m") with one or more other letters (such as ML, Mw, Ms, or mb), that can be relied on; use the table below to match the label and determine the proper code. </p><p>Where a newspaper or other popular media refers to the scale or magnitude of a recent earthquake as "Richter" it is probably the popular mis-identification of the moment magnitude scale. Best practice is to check with an authoritative source, such as the USGS or the International Seismic Centre (see below). USGS policy is that magnitudes in press releases, indicated as "M" without any additional characters, are implicitly moment magnitude. But: <b>do not use the "w" code</b> if the source <i><b>does not actually say</b></i> "M<sub>w</sub>" or "moment magnitude scale". If you have a strong basis for believing moment magnitude is meant – e.g., because it is a USGS press release – use the "dot" code to indicate an <i>implicit</i> M<sub>w</sub>. E.g.: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>.</b>|5.7}}</code>→ M5.7; <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|<b>.</b>|link=y}}</code>→ <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M</span></a>. </p><p>If you are not sure of the scale, use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:M" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:M">M</a>|?}}</code>. See below on how to find authoritative magnitudes. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_sources">Data sources</h3></div> <p><span style="color:black;background:yellow">Newspapers and other mass media are <i>not</i> reliable sources for earthquake magnitudes.</span> It is preferable that earthquake magnitudes always be obtained from <b>authoritative sources</b>, such as the following. </p> <ul><li>The <b>ANSS</b> (Advanced National Seismic System) <b>Composite Catalog</b>, commonly known as "<b>ComCat</b>" is a near-realtime repository of earthquake information from the <b>USGS</b> (United States Geological Survey) and various regional data centers, with additional data from seismic networks around the world. Event pages for significant events generally have an executive summary, a tectonic overview, past earthquake history of that area, <a href="/wiki/ShakeMap" title="ShakeMap">ShakeMaps</a>, and other material. ComCat can be accessed in several ways:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/">Latest Earthquakes</a>. In most cases there is an initial report within 10 to 30 minutes of all magnitude 5.0+ earthquakes globally, and magnitude 4.0+ earthquakes within the contiguous U.S. Note that the magnitudes and locations in the initial reports are only first-order approximations, which get revised in the following hours, days, and months.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/significant.php">Significant Earthquakes archive</a>: a chronological listing of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/significant.php#sigdefsignificant">events</a> since 1900.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/">Interactive search</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd>All of these access methods link to event pages in the ANSS Comprehensive Catalog (ComCat), which can be cited using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Short-anss" title="Template:Short-anss">short-anss</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_anss" title="Template:Cite anss">cite_anss</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>The <b>ISC</b> (<a href="/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">International Seismological Centre</a>) is the final and authoritative archive of global earthquake data. Services include:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/">On-Line Bulletin</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/">IRIS mirror</a>) incorporates several catalogs (databases). There are catalog-specific search functions for finding events constrained by date period, magnitude range, or region (by latitude and longitude, or <a href="/wiki/Flinn-Engdahl_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Flinn-Engdahl regions">Flinn-Engdahl regions</a>). Data may be revised years later as more data is obtained or processes refined. This is the <b>most complete, most authoritative, and preferred source</b> for earthquake magnitudes and epicenters.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/event_bibliography/eventindex.php">Event Bibliography</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/event_bibliography/eventindex.php">IRIS mirror</a>) of scientific articles for notable events, indexed chronologically. (Useful for finding ISC event id.)</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/overview.php">ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue</a>: Definitive magnitudes for selected earthquakes since 1900. (Source id: GEM.)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Data from the ISC can cited using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Short-isc" title="Template:Short-isc">short-isc</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_isc" title="Template:Cite isc">cite isc</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</dd></dl> <p>Earthquake magnitudes are given on different scales because they measure different aspects of the event, or are measured in different ways. It is valid to list multiple magnitudes for an event (not to be confused with multiple events such as foreshocks, aftershocks, and <a href="/wiki/Doublet_earthquake" title="Doublet earthquake">doublet earthquakes</a>). Estimates of magnitude may differ between networks and across time because of differences or changes in how the seismograms are read and the data processed. For details see the NMSOP-2 documentation (below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Table_of_codes">Table of codes</h3></div> <p>These are the most commonly found scales of earthquake <i>magnitude</i>. Any scale not found in this table is mostly likely one of the following: </p> <ul><li>An <i>intensity</i> scale. See <a href="/wiki/Seismic_intensity_scales" title="Seismic intensity scales">Seismic intensity scales</a> for explanation. This template does not cover intensity scales.</li> <li>A <i>regional</i> (or "local") scale used by some particular seismic network (or country). In general it is preferable to use one of the better known scales from the table. Exceptions are for historical reports; you will need to explicitly format as appropriate. If the scale has been properly calibrated (see MNSOP-2, Chapter 3, §3.2.4.3, p. 65) then "L" may be appropriate, along with the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|src=</code> parameter.</li> <li>A <i>technical</i> scale. While these might come up in an article related to seismology, they are not appropriate for general description of earthquakes. If needed, please format appropriately. On first use be sure to add a footnote explaining the scale.</li></ul> <p><i>Be careful to distinguish</i> upper- and lower-case "M/m", "B/b", "L/<kbd>l</kbd>", and "<kbd>I/i</kbd>". Other than that case is generally not significant, nor italicization or subscripting. </p><p>The examples in the table are representative, even comprehensive, but not complete. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><big>Labels and codes for various earthquake magnitude scales</big> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">As seen in sources </th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2">WP </th> <th rowspan="2">Code </th> <th rowspan="2">Mag. scale </th> <th rowspan="2">Cat. </th> <th rowspan="2"># </th> <th rowspan="2">Comments </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>IASPEI</small> </th> <th><small>NMSOP</small> </th> <th><small>USGS</small> </th> <th><small>ISC</small> </th> <th><small>BSSA</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Unknown mag. scale">M</span></td> <td>?</td> <td>Unspecified </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unspecified_earthquake_magnitude_and/or_scale" title="Category:Articles with unspecified earthquake magnitude and/or scale">M_?</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>WP: scale is unspecified or indeterminate. </td></tr> <tr> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Scale/mag. questioned">M</span></td> <td>??</td> <td>Needs verification </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unverified_magnitude_and/or_scale" title="Category:Articles with unverified magnitude and/or scale">M_??</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>WP: the scale and/or magnitude needs verification. </td></tr> <tr> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td>--</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#ML" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Richter mag. scale">M</span></a></td> <td>R?</td> <td>Dubious "Richter" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Rothe_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale">M_R?</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>WP: "Richter" scale is asserted, but dubious. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>UK</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Muk" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Unknown mag. scale">M<sub>uk</sub></span></a></td> <td>uk</td> <td>Unknown </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Muk_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Muk magnitude scale">M_uk</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Source says "unknown" scale. Might be 1954 M<sub>GR</sub> or M<sub>PAS</sub> mag.; see below (gr), or <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Muk" title="Seismic magnitude scales">here</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>ML</td> <td>M<kbd>l</kbd></td> <td>ML</td> <td>M<sub>L</sub></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>L</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#ML" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="'Local' mag. scale">M<sub>L</sub></span></a></td> <td><kbd>l</kbd></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">Local ("Richter")</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_ML_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using ML magnitude scale">M_L</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.1. "Local" to Southern Calif. Adapted for other regions, but not necessarily comparable. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M<sub>JMA</sub></td> <td>Mj</td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>JMA</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mjma" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="JMA mag.">M<sub>JMA</sub></span></a></td> <td>jma</td> <td>JMA "Local" mag. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mjma_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mjma magnitude scale">M_jma</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.4.7. Japanese Meteorological Agency. Also M<sub>J</sub> or MJMA, but <i>not</i> M<sub>w</sub>(JMA). </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mh</td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>h</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mh" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="misc. mag.">M<sub>h</sub></span></a></td> <td>h</td> <td>by "hand" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mh_for_magnitude" title="Category:Articles using Mh for magnitude">M_h</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Ad hoc methods for special cases </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M<sub><small>0</small></sub>, <i>M</i><sub><small>0</small></sub></td> <td>M<sub><small>0</small></sub></td> <td>M<sub><small>0</small></sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#M0" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Seismic moment">M<sub><small>0</small></sub> </span></a></td> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_moment" title="Seismic moment">seismic moment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_seismic_moment_M0" title="Category:Articles using seismic moment M0">M_0</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>"M zero". A physical value, basis of M<sub>w</sub>. In Newton-meters or dyne-centimeters </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M<sub><small>0</small></sub></span></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#M0" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Seismic moment"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M<sub><small>0</small></sub></span> </span></a></td> <td>0tex</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_moment" title="Seismic moment">seismic moment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_seismic_moment_M0_with_0tex_option" title="Category:Articles using seismic moment M0 with 0tex option">M_0tex</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>"M zero" as a math variable in text </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M</td> <td></td> <td><b>M</b></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M</span></a></td> <td><b>.</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment mag.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_implicit_Mw_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using implicit Mw magnitude scale">M_w.</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>dot: implicit Mw. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mw</td> <td></td> <td>Mw, w</td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i>w</td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a></td> <td>w</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment mag.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mw_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale">M_w</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.7. Use only for <i>explicit</i> M<sub>w</sub>, Mw, or mw. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mww, ww</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mww" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. from W-phase">M<sub>ww</sub></span></a></td> <td>ww</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mww_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mww magnitude scale">M_ww</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>w</sub> from centroid m.t.i. (moment tensor inversion) of W-phase. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mwc, wc</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mwc" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. from centroid">M<sub>wc</sub></span></a></td> <td>wc</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mwc_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mwc magnitude scale">M_wc</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>w</sub> from centroid m.t.i. of long-period surface waves. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mwb, wb</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mwb" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. from body-waves">M<sub>wb</sub></span></a></td> <td>wb</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mwb_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mwb magnitude scale">M_wb</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>w</sub> from m.t.i. of long-period body waves. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mwr, wr</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mwr" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. at regional distance">M<sub>wr</sub></span></a></td> <td>wr</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mwr_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mwr magnitude scale">M_wr</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>w</sub> from m.t.i. of whole seismogram at regional distances. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mwp, wp</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mwp" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. from P-waves">M<sub>wp</sub></span></a></td> <td>wp</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mwp_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale">M_wp</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>w</sub> from integrated p-wave §3.2.8.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mwpd</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mwpd" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. from P-wave duration">M<sub>wpd</sub></span></a></td> <td>wpd</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mwp_magnitude_scale_with_duration" title="Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale with duration">M_wpd</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>wp</sub> w/ duration §3.2.8.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub><kbd>i</kbd></sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mi" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. from P-waves">M<sub><kbd>i</kbd></sub></span></a></td> <td><kbd>i</kbd></td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mi_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mi magnitude scale">M_i</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Only if <i><b>lower-case</b></i> "<b><kbd>i</kbd></b>"! USGS synonym for Mwp </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mb</td> <td>mb</td> <td>mb</td> <td><i>M</i>b</td> <td>m<sub>b</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mb" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Body-wave mag.">mb</span></a></td> <td>b</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Body_wave_magnitude" title="Body wave magnitude">body-wave, short-period</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_mb_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using mb magnitude scale">M_b</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.3. <i>Case sensitive</i>: use "b" </td></tr> <tr> <td>mB</td> <td>mB</td> <td>--</td> <td>M</td> <td><i>M</i><sub>b</sub>(BB)</td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mB" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Body-wave mag.">mB</span></a></td> <td>B</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Body_wave_magnitude" title="Body wave magnitude">body-wave, broadband</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_mB_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using mB magnitude scale">M_B</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.2; Gutenberg, 1945b,c. <i>Case sensitive</i>: use "B". </td></tr> <tr> <td>mB_BB</td> <td>mB</td> <td>--</td> <td>M</td> <td><i>M</i><sub>b</sub>(BB)</td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mB" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Body-wave mag.">mB<sub>BB</sub></span></a></td> <td>bbb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Body_wave_magnitude" title="Body wave magnitude">body-wave, broadband</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_mBbb_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using mBbb magnitude scale">M_Bbb</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>mb_Lg</td> <td>mbLg</td> <td>mb_Lg, MLg</td> <td></td> <td><i>m</i><sub>b</sub>(L<sub>g</sub>)</td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mbLg" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Lg-wave mag.">mb<sub>Lg</sub></span></a></td> <td>b<kbd>l</kbd>g</td> <td>mb from Lg wave </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_MbLg_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using MbLg magnitude scale">M_bLg</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1986. North America east of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Cratons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cratons">cratons</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mn</td> <td>MN</td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mN" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Nuttli (mbLg) mag.">m<sub>N</sub></span></a></td> <td>n</td> <td>mb from Lg wave </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:M_N" title="Category:M N">M_N</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1973. Same as mb<sub>Lg</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mBc</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mBc" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Cumulative body-wave mag.">mB<sub>c</sub></span></a></td> <td>bc</td> <td>Cumulative body-wave </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_mBc_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using mBc magnitude scale">M_Bc</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.8.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Ms</td> <td>Ms</td> <td><i>M</i><sub>s</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s</sub></span></a></td> <td>s</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surface-wave_magnitude" title="Surface-wave magnitude">surface wave</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Ms_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Ms magnitude scale">M_s</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.4. small "s": Gutenberg (1945a) ~20 s period s.w.; Ms_20 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Ms</td> <td>MS</td> <td><i>M</i><sub>S</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>S</sub></span></a></td> <td>S</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surface-wave_magnitude" title="Surface-wave magnitude">surface wave</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_MS_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using MS magnitude scale">M_S</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.4. Big "S": broadband s.w. (Ms_BB), or (older sources) mis-capitalized M<sub>s</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ms_20</td> <td>Ms</td> <td>Ms</td> <td>Ms</td> <td><i>M</i><sub>s</sub>(20)</td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s20</sub></span></a></td> <td>s20</td> <td>surface-wave 20s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Ms20_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Ms20 magnitude scale">M_s20</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.4. 20 s period s.w. mag. per IASPEI </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ms_BB</td> <td>Ms</td> <td>--</td> <td>MS</td> <td><i>M</i><sub>s</sub>(BB)</td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>sBB</sub></span></a></td> <td>sbb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surface-wave_magnitude" title="Surface-wave magnitude">surface wave broadband</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Msbb_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Msbb magnitude scale">M_sbb</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§4.5. Broadband s.w. mag. per IASPEI </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Mz</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mz" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave vertical mag.">M<sub>z</sub></span></a></td> <td>z</td> <td>surface wave, vertical </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mz_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mz magnitude scale">M_z</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Measured from the vertical phase before that became standard. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ms7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>S7</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms7" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Chinese surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s7</sub></span></a></td> <td>s7</td> <td>surface wave </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Ms7_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Ms7 magnitude scale">M_s7</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Vertical phase on Chinese seismograph </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub>Sn</sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Msn" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Nuttli surface-wave mag.">M<sub>sn</sub></span></a></td> <td>sn</td> <td>surface wave </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Msn_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Msn magnitude scale">M_sn</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>1-second period per Nuttli, 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub>GR</sub></td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>GR</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mgr" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1954 Gutenberg-Richter mag.">M<sub>GR</sub></span></a></td> <td>gr</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_scale#Mgr" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic scale">Gutenberg-Richter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mgr_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mgr magnitude scale">M_gr</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>1954 G-R version of M<sub>s</sub>. Includes M<sub>PAS</sub> ("Pasadena") </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub>R</sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#MR" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Rothe Ms mag.">M<sub>R</sub></span></a></td> <td>r</td> <td>Rothe </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Rothe_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale">M_r</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td><i>Not</i> "Richter"! Averaged M<sub>s</sub> per Rothe 1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>MLH</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#MLH" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Russian ML scale">M<sub>LH</sub></span></a></td> <td>lh</td> <td>Russian M<sub>s</sub> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_MLH_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using MLH magnitude scale">M_LH</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Parts of Russia (Obninsk) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mc</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>c</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mc" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Coda length mag.">M<sub>c</sub></span></a></td> <td>c</td> <td>coda length </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mc_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mc magnitude scale">M_c</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.4.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Md</td> <td>Md</td> <td>MD</td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>D</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Md" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Duration mag.">M<sub>d</sub></span></a></td> <td>d</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_duration_magnitude" title="Earthquake duration magnitude">duration</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Md_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Md magnitude scale">M_d</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.4.5. Many variants. <i>Not</i> JMA displacement mag. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M<sub>t</sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mt" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Tsunami mag. scale">M<sub>t</sub></span></a></td> <td>t</td> <td>tsunami mag. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mt_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mt magnitude scale">M_t</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.6.7. Used by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ptwc.weather.gov/">PTWC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>m</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mm" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="mantle mag. scale">M<sub>m</sub></span></a></td> <td>m</td> <td>mantle mag. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mm_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mm magnitude scale">M_m</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.8.5. Used by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ptwc.weather.gov/">PTWC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Me</td> <td>Me</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Me" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Energy mag. scale">M<sub>e</sub></span></a></td> <td>e</td> <td>energy mag. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Me_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Me magnitude scale">M_e</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.7.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>K</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>K-class </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_K-class_energy_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using K-class energy magnitude scale">K</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Energy_class" title="Energy class">Energy class</a>. Use <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:K (page does not exist)">Template:K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M(K)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#MK" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="K-class mag. scale">M<sub>(K)</sub></span></a></td> <td>k</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_scale#MK" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic scale">K-class mag.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_MK_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using MK magnitude scale">M_K</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Mag. calculated from "energy class" K </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M<sub>ms</sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Macroseismic est. mag.">M<sub>ms</sub></span></a></td> <td>ms</td> <td>macroseismic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mms_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mms magnitude scale">M_ms</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>§3.2.6.6. Generic mag. estimated from macroseismic effects </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub>fa</sub>, FA</td> <td></td> <td><i>M</i><sub>fa</sub></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mfa" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Felt-area est. mag.">M<sub>fa</sub></span></a></td> <td>fa</td> <td>m<sub>b</sub> from felt-area </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mfa_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mfa magnitude scale">M_fa</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Stover & Coffman, 1999. Est. from extent of felt-area. Multiple methods. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub>La</sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mla" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Felt-area est. mag.">M<sub><kbd>la</kbd></sub></span></a></td> <td><kbd>l</kbd>a</td> <td>M<sub>L</sub> from felt-area </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mla_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mla magnitude scale">M_la</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>M<sub>L</sub> est. from intensity reports; for Calif. and Hawaii </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>M<sub><kbd>I</kbd></sub></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>→ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#MI" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Mw mag. est. from intensity">M<sub><kbd>I</kbd></sub></span></a></td> <td><kbd>I</kbd></td> <td>M<sub>L</sub> from intensity </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_MI_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using MI magnitude scale">M_I</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td>Only if <i><b>upper-case</b></i> "<b><kbd>I</kbd></b>"! Est. from epicentral intensity. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Examples of use are from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaspei.org">International Association of Earth Physics and Interior</a> (<b>IASPEI</b>), the first edition of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.telegrafenberg.de/publizieren/vertrieb/nmsop/nmsop-2002/">New Manual of Seismological Practice</a> (<b>NMSOP</b>)(the second edition follows the IASPEI), the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (<b>USGS</b>) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), the <a href="/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">International Seismological Centre</a> (<b>ISC</b>), and the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Seismological_Society_of_America" title="Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America">Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</a> (<b>BSSA</b>), as summarized in table 3 of the IASPEI/MNSOP-2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de">Information Sheet 3.3</a>. Additional magnitude scales from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de">Chapter 3</a> of MNSOP-2, ISC documentation, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/terms.php">USGS</a>, and a review of the literature. Section numbers under "Comments" are for either Chapter 3, or Information Sheet 3.3 </p><p>Principal references on usage are: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBormann2012" class="citation cs2">Bormann, P., ed. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nmsop.gfz-potsdam.de"><i>New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)</i></a>, Potsdam: IASPEI/GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2312%2FGFZ.NMSOP-2">10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Manual+of+Seismological+Observatory+Practice+2+%28NMSOP-2%29&rft.place=Potsdam&rft.pub=IASPEI%2FGFZ+German+Research+Centre+for+Geosciences&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2312%2FGFZ.NMSOP-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnmsop.gfz-potsdam.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemplate%3AEarthquake+magnitude" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIS_3.32014" class="citation cs2">Bormann, P.; Dewey, J. W. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:816929:1/component/escidoc:816928/IS_3.3_rev1.pdf">"Information Sheet 3.3: The new IASPEI standards for determining magnitudes from digital data and their relation to classical magnitudes."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Bormann (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.telegrafenberg.de/publizieren/vertrieb/nmsop/"><i>New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2312%2FGFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.3">10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Information+Sheet+3.3%3A+The+new+IASPEI+standards+for+determining+magnitudes+from+digital+data+and+their+relation+to+classical+magnitudes.&rft.btitle=New+Manual+of+Seismological+Observatory+Practice+2+%28NMSOP-2%29&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2312%2FGFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.3&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Dewey%2C+J.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de%2Fpubman%2Fitem%2Fescidoc%3A816929%3A1%2Fcomponent%2Fescidoc%3A816928%2FIS_3.3_rev1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemplate%3AEarthquake+magnitude" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <p>These sources also have extensive discussion and references on the derivation and comparison of the various scales. </p><p>The nomenclature style implemented here is adapted from IASPEI/MNSOP-2 Information Sheet 3.3. This style differs from IASPEI style mainly in using subscripts rather than underscores, and from BSSA style mainly in not using parentheses. </p><p>"Cat.": the Categories for tracking use of these various scales. "#" is the number of articles in that category. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_templated_earthquake_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using templated earthquake magnitude scale">Category:Articles using templated earthquake magnitude scale</a>, sub-categorized by scale used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales" title="Seismic magnitude scales">Seismic magnitude scales</a>. 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