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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Pre-1917</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1917-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_1917–1918_and_later" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_1917–1918_and_later"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>In 1917–1918 and later</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_1917–1918_and_later-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_the_name_of_Smolny_Institute_since_1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_the_name_of_Smolny_Institute_since_1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Use of the name of Smolny Institute since 1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_the_name_of_Smolny_Institute_since_1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Smolny&params=59.948_N_30.395_E_region:RU"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°56′53″N</span> <span 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class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&oldid=522470159" title="Smolny">Revision as of 12:44, 11 November 2012</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&oldid=522470159" title="Smolny">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2012-11-11T12:44:04Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Rago" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Rago" data-mw-revid="522470159"><bdi>Rago</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Rago" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Rago">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Rago" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Rago">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,735</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">{{disambiguation}}'''Smolny''' * <a href="/wiki/Smolny_College" title="Smolny College">Smolny College</a> * <a href="/wiki/Smolny_Convent" title="Smolny Convent">Smolny Convent</a> * <a href="/wiki/Smolny_Institute" title="Smolny Institute">Smolny Institute</a></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&diff=prev&oldid=522470159" title="Smolny" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&oldid=1229166381" title="Smolny">Latest revision as of 07:14, 15 June 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit" title="Smolny">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-06-15T07:14:20Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&undoafter=522470159&undo=1229166381" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/31.162.73.121" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/31.162.73.121" data-mw-revid="1229166381"><bdi>31.162.73.121</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:31.162.73.121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:31.162.73.121 (page does not exist)">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(37 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Short description|City government headquarters in central Saint Petersburg, Russia}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{disambiguation}}'''Smolny'''</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Smolniy in SPB.jpg|thumb|Smolny's front entrance]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Smolny College]]</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>'''Smolny''' is a place name in central [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. It is a compound of historically interrelated buildings erected in 18th and 19th centuries. As the most widely known of the buildings, the [[Smolny Institute]], has been used as the seat of the City Governor's Office; its name is associated with city authorities.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Smolny Convent]]</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Smolny Institute]]</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>From late 1917 until 1991 it was mostly associated with the [[October Revolution]] of 1917 and [[Vladimir Lenin]], who lived and worked there from late 1917 to early 1918.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A pre-1917 educational facility for young ladies gave rise after 1991 to a number of similarly named places of learning in the city because of the high prestige of the original one in popular culture.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>== History ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=== Tarring Yard ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>"Smolny" was short for the [[Russian language|Russian]] ''Smolny dvor'' ("The Tarring Yard"), referring to its original function as a yard for covering the hulls of wooden ships with [[tar]] to make them waterproof and protected from rot and vermin. In the 18th century, this place was located outside of St. Petersburg, but close to the city limits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oulu.ouka.fi/ppm/turkansaari/tar_and_pitch.htm|title = Turkansaaren ulkomuseo|date = 6 September 2021}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=== Nunnery ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In the mid-18th century, [[Empress]] [[Elizabeth of Russia]] ordered the construction of a Russian Orthodox nunnery, [[Smolny Convent]], where she supposedly wanted to retire in old age. It became a local historical landmark due to its [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] cathedral, designed by [[Francesco Rastrelli]]. The convent had a number of gardens and a hospice.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=== Institute ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==== Pre-1917====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In the 19th century, the compound received an addition in the form of a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] building that became the home of the original [[Smolny Institute]]&mdash; the first and best known royal educational institution for young ladies of noble birth.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==== In 1917&ndash;1918 and later ====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Prior to the [[Russian Revolution|revolutionary events of 1917]], the building was vacated by the institute and was taken over by Soviets. It was here on November 7, 1917 (this date corresponds to October 25 on the [[Julian calendar]], which was still in use in Russia), that Vladimir Lenin declared that his [[Bolshevik]] faction of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] had usurped power from the [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]] (which had assumed power following the abdication of Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] earlier that year). Lenin and his government worked in the building, and he also lived there with his wife, until they moved to safety in Moscow in 1918, effectively transferring the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Smolny served as the headquarters of the [[Leningrad Front]] during the [[Siege of Leningrad|siege]] in the Second World War.<ref name=GeorgyZhukovI>{{Cite book |last=Zhukov |first=Georgy |title=Marshal of Victory, Volume I |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd. |year=1974 |isbn=9781781592915 |page=418}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The institute building was used as the seat of the city authorities until 1991. As primary power lay in the hands of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] and its local branches, the building was occupied by the party's local officers for the city (which had been renamed "Leningrad") and, more importantly, the officers for the [[Leningrad Oblast]]. Since that time, the building has been used by the city's executive branch of power (the mayor, and later governor, of the city). Lenin's memorial apartment in the building has been preserved as a historical museum. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Buildings of the convent have been used as the offices of various organisations. One of the Smolny compound buildings houses the Schools of Sociology and International Relationships of [[Saint Petersburg State University]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==== Use of the name of Smolny Institute since 1991 ====</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Since 1991, the name "Smolny Institute" has been revived by several different educational establishments. Before 2011, [[Saint Petersburg State University]]'s semi-independent Smolny Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences ([[Smolny College]], Rus. ''Смольный институт свободных искусств и наук'') offered joint study programs with [[Bard College]] in the United States. In 2011, this institute was converted into the School (or Faculty, Rus. факультет) of Liberal Arts and Sciences.<ref>artesliberales.spbu.ru</ref> It is now located in another part of downtown Saint Petersburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://polit.ru/news/2010/08/13/smolny/|title=Частично урегулирована ситуация вокруг Смольного института свободных искусств и наук СПбГУ}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The name "Smolny Institute" is used by another St. Petersburg-based school, which was established under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Education by local Azerbaijani-born entrepreneur and academic Geydar Imanov at the offices of his company, Electrokeramika.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smun.spb.ru/en/ |title=Rector's Welcome {{!}} smun.spb.ru |website=smun.spb.ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624051602/http://smun.spb.ru/en |archive-date=2011-06-24}} </ref> It was known as Smolny University until 2011 (universities have a higher status under the Russian Higher and Post-graduate Education Act). As of 2012, the school is officially named the "Smolny Institute, Russian Academy of Education." It is located outside the immediate city centre.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>== References ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Reflist}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{coord|59.948|30.395|region:RU|display=title}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Geography of Saint Petersburg]]</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 07:14, 15 June 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City government headquarters in central Saint Petersburg, Russia</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg/220px-Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg/330px-Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg/440px-Smolniy_in_SPB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>Smolny's front entrance</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Smolny</b> is a place name in central <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. It is a compound of historically interrelated buildings erected in 18th and 19th centuries. As the most widely known of the buildings, the <a href="/wiki/Smolny_Institute" title="Smolny Institute">Smolny Institute</a>, has been used as the seat of the City Governor's Office; its name is associated with city authorities. </p><p>From late 1917 until 1991 it was mostly associated with the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> of 1917 and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, who lived and worked there from late 1917 to early 1918. </p><p>A pre-1917 educational facility for young ladies gave rise after 1991 to a number of similarly named places of learning in the city because of the high prestige of the original one in popular culture. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarring_Yard">Tarring Yard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tarring Yard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Smolny" was short for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <i>Smolny dvor</i> ("The Tarring Yard"), referring to its original function as a yard for covering the hulls of wooden ships with <a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">tar</a> to make them waterproof and protected from rot and vermin. In the 18th century, this place was located outside of St. Petersburg, but close to the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nunnery">Nunnery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nunnery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-18th century, <a href="/wiki/Empress" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress">Empress</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia" title="Elizabeth of Russia">Elizabeth of Russia</a> ordered the construction of a Russian Orthodox nunnery, <a href="/wiki/Smolny_Convent" title="Smolny Convent">Smolny Convent</a>, where she supposedly wanted to retire in old age. It became a local historical landmark due to its <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> cathedral, designed by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rastrelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Rastrelli">Francesco Rastrelli</a>. The convent had a number of gardens and a hospice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institute">Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-1917">Pre-1917</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pre-1917"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, the compound received an addition in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> building that became the home of the original <a href="/wiki/Smolny_Institute" title="Smolny Institute">Smolny Institute</a>— the first and best known royal educational institution for young ladies of noble birth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_1917–1918_and_later"><span id="In_1917.E2.80.931918_and_later"></span>In 1917–1918 and later</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In 1917–1918 and later"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">revolutionary events of 1917</a>, the building was vacated by the institute and was taken over by Soviets. It was here on November 7, 1917 (this date corresponds to October 25 on the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, which was still in use in Russia), that Vladimir Lenin declared that his <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> faction of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Russian Social Democratic Labour Party</a> had usurped power from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Provisional Government</a> (which had assumed power following the abdication of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a> earlier that year). Lenin and his government worked in the building, and he also lived there with his wife, until they moved to safety in Moscow in 1918, effectively transferring the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow. </p><p>Smolny served as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad Front</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">siege</a> in the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-GeorgyZhukovI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeorgyZhukovI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute building was used as the seat of the city authorities until 1991. As primary power lay in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> and its local branches, the building was occupied by the party's local officers for the city (which had been renamed "Leningrad") and, more importantly, the officers for the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a>. Since that time, the building has been used by the city's executive branch of power (the mayor, and later governor, of the city). Lenin's memorial apartment in the building has been preserved as a historical museum. </p><p>Buildings of the convent have been used as the offices of various organisations. One of the Smolny compound buildings houses the Schools of Sociology and International Relationships of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Use_of_the_name_of_Smolny_Institute_since_1991">Use of the name of Smolny Institute since 1991</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use of the name of Smolny Institute since 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1991, the name "Smolny Institute" has been revived by several different educational establishments. Before 2011, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a>'s semi-independent Smolny Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences (<a href="/wiki/Smolny_College" title="Smolny College">Smolny College</a>, Rus. <i>Смольный институт свободных искусств и наук</i>) offered joint study programs with <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> in the United States. In 2011, this institute was converted into the School (or Faculty, Rus. факультет) of Liberal Arts and Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now located in another part of downtown Saint Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Smolny Institute" is used by another St. Petersburg-based school, which was established under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Education by local Azerbaijani-born entrepreneur and academic Geydar Imanov at the offices of his company, Electrokeramika.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was known as Smolny University until 2011 (universities have a higher status under the Russian Higher and Post-graduate Education Act). As of 2012, the school is officially named the "Smolny Institute, Russian Academy of Education." It is located outside the immediate city centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolny&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oulu.ouka.fi/ppm/turkansaari/tar_and_pitch.htm">"Turkansaaren ulkomuseo"</a>. 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkansaaren+ulkomuseo&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foulu.ouka.fi%2Fppm%2Fturkansaari%2Ftar_and_pitch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmolny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GeorgyZhukovI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GeorgyZhukovI_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhukov1974" class="citation book cs1">Zhukov, Georgy (1974). <i>Marshal of Victory, Volume I</i>. Pen and Sword Books Ltd. p. 418. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781592915" title="Special:BookSources/9781781592915"><bdi>9781781592915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marshal+of+Victory%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9781781592915&rft.aulast=Zhukov&rft.aufirst=Georgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmolny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">artesliberales.spbu.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polit.ru/news/2010/08/13/smolny/">"Частично урегулирована ситуация вокруг Смольного института свободных искусств и наук СПбГУ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%B1%D0%93%D0%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolit.ru%2Fnews%2F2010%2F08%2F13%2Fsmolny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmolny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624051602/http://smun.spb.ru/en">"Rector's Welcome | smun.spb.ru"</a>. <i>smun.spb.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smun.spb.ru/en/">the original</a> on 2011-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=smun.spb.ru&rft.atitle=Rector%27s+Welcome+%7C+smun.spb.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmun.spb.ru%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmolny" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Smolny&params=59.948_N_30.395_E_region:RU"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°56′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">30°23′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.948°N 30.395°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.948; 30.395</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smolny&oldid=1229166381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smolny&oldid=1229166381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Saint_Petersburg" title="Category:Geography of Saint Petersburg">Geography of Saint Petersburg</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 June 2024, at 07:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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