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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historické_stavby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historické_stavby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historické stavby</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historické_stavby-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Historické stavby</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historické_stavby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egyptské_pyramidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptské_pyramidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Egyptské pyramidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptské_pyramidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Núbijské_pyramidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Núbijské_pyramidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Núbijské pyramidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Núbijské_pyramidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mezoamerické_pyramidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mezoamerické_pyramidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mezoamerické pyramidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mezoamerické_pyramidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Čínské_pyramidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Čínské_pyramidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Čínské pyramidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Čínské_pyramidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starověký_Řím" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starověký_Řím"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Starověký Řím</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starověký_Řím-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderní_stavby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderní_stavby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Moderní stavby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderní_stavby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Symbolika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Obsah" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyramida</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 126 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_(Bauwerk)" title="Pyramide (Bauwerk) – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pyramide (Bauwerk)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide_(arquitectura)" title="Piramide (arquitectura) – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piramide (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85" title="هرم – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هرم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85" title="هرم – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هرم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide_(arquiteutura)" title="Pirámide (arquiteutura) – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pirámide (arquiteutura)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Пирамида (архитектура) – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пирамида (архитектура)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidn_(Bauwerk)" title="Pyramidn (Bauwerk) – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pyramidn (Bauwerk)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Піраміда (збудаванне) – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піраміда (збудаванне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Піраміда (архітэктура) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Піраміда (архітэктура)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Пирамида (архитектура) – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пирамида (архитектура)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="পিরামিড – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিরামিড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramidenn_(savouriezh)" title="Piramidenn (savouriezh) – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Piramidenn (savouriezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida_(arhitektura)" title="Piramida (arhitektura) – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Piramida (arhitektura)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_(arquitectura)" title="Piràmide (arquitectura) – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Piràmide (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-c%C3%AA-t%C3%A1k" title="Gĭng-cê-ták – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-cê-ták" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пирамида – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пирамида" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%85" title="ھەرەم – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەرەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehram" title="Ehram – tatarština (krymská)" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ehram" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatarština (krymská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_(konstruktion)" title="Pyramide (konstruktion) – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pyramide (konstruktion)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_(Bauwerk)" title="Pyramide (Bauwerk) – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pyramide (Bauwerk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramid" title="Piramid – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Piramid" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1_(%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Πυραμίδα (αρχιτεκτονική) – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυραμίδα (αρχιτεκτονική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramido" title="Piramido – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piramido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide_(arquitectura)" title="Pirámide (arquitectura) – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pirámide (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCramiid" title="Püramiid – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Püramiid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide_(arkitektura)" title="Piramide (arkitektura) – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Piramide (arkitektura)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85" title="هرم – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidi" title="Pyramidi – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyramidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCr%C3%A4miid" title="Pürämiid – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pürämiid" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_(architecture)" title="Pyramide (architecture) – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pyramide (architecture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirimid" title="Pirimid – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pirimid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="金字塔 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="金字塔" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorramaid" title="Biorramaid – skotská gaelština" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Biorramaid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotská gaelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide_(construci%C3%B3n)" title="Pirámide (construción) – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pirámide (construción)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide" title="Pirámide – guaranština" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pirámide" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A1" title="પિરામિડ – gudžarátština" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પિરામિડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – manština" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="פירמידה (מבנה) – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פירמידה (מבנה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="पिरामिड आकार – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिरामिड आकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida_(arhitektura)" title="Piramida (arhitektura) – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Piramida (arhitektura)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramis" title="Piramis – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Piramis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3_(%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Բուրգ (ճարտարապետություն) – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուրգ (ճարտարապետություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Բուրգ (երկրաչափութիւն) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բուրգ (երկրաչափութիւն)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_(architectura)" title="Pyramide (architectura) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pyramide (architectura)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – ilokánština" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramido" title="Piramido – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Piramido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BDram%C3%ADdi" title="Pýramídi – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pýramídi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="ピラミッド – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピラミッド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramid" title="Piramid – jamajská kreolština" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piramid" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajská kreolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzamugt_(tasegda)" title="Tzamugt (tasegda) – kabylština" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tzamugt (tasegda)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Пирамида (сәулет) – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пирамида (сәулет)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C" title="피라미드 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피라미드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piram%C3%AEd" title="Piramîd – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Piramîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – kornština" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пирамида – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пирамида" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramis_(aedificium)" title="Pyramis (aedificium) – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pyramis (aedificium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramied" title="Piramied – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Piramied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ປິຣາມິດ – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປິຣາມິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramid%C4%97" title="Piramidė – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Piramidė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piram%C4%ABdas" title="Piramīdas – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piramīdas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="पिरामिड – maithiliština" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पिरामिड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithiliština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Пирамида (архитектура) – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пирамида (архитектура)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="പിരമിഡ് – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിരമിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramid" title="Piramid – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Piramid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ပိရမစ် – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိရမစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_(Buwark)" title="Pyramid (Buwark) – dolnoněmčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pyramid (Buwark)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoněmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – dolnosaština" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolnosaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="पिरामिड – névárština" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पिरामिड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="névárština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide_(bouwwerk)" title="Piramide (bouwwerk) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piramide (bouwwerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidar" title="Pyramidar – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pyramidar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_(byggverk)" title="Pyramide (byggverk) – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pyramide (byggverk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide" title="Pyramide – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pyramide" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida_(arquitectura)" title="Piramida (arquitectura) – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Piramida (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1" title="ਪਿਰਾਮਿਡ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਰਾਮਿਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%85" title="ہرم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہرم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85" title="هرم – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هرم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A2mide_(arquitetura)" title="Pirâmide (arquitetura) – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pirâmide (arquitetura)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuntu_wasi" title="Chuntu wasi – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chuntu wasi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramid%C4%83_(arhitectur%C4%83)" title="Piramidă (arhitectură) – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piramidă (arhitectură)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Пирамида (архитектура) – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пирамида (архитектура)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Піраміда – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Піраміда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramidi_(architittura)" title="Piramidi (architittura) – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Piramidi (architittura)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اهرام – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اهرام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida_(arhitektura)" title="Piramida (arhitektura) – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Piramida (arhitektura)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9" title="පිරමීඩ – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පිරමීඩ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyram%C3%ADda" title="Pyramída – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pyramída" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desvenenga" title="Desvenenga – šonština" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Desvenenga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Piramida" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Пирамиде – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пирамиде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pyramid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramidi" title="Piramidi – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Piramidi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyramida" title="Piyramida – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Piyramida" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பிரமிடு – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரமிடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="పిరమిడ్ – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పిరమిడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Аҳром – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аҳром" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="พีระมิด – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีระมิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C2%ADra%C2%ADmi%C2%ADda%C2%AD_(binag%C3%A4rlik)" title="Piramida (binagärlik) – turkmenština" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Piramida (binagärlik)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramit" title="Piramit – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Piramit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Піраміда (споруда) – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піраміда (споруда)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%85" title="ہرم – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہرم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrom_(bino)" title="Ehrom (bino) – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ehrom (bino)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_t%E1%BB%B1_th%C3%A1p" title="Kim tự tháp – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim tự tháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – vlámština (západní)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vlámština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramide" title="Piramide – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Piramide" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="金字塔 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金字塔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Догҗир – kalmyčtina" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Догҗир" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93" title="פיראמיד – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיראמיד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="金字塔 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金字塔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="金字塔 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="金字塔" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim-j%C4%AB-thah" title="Kim-jī-thah – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kim-jī-thah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="金字塔 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金字塔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isitshopolonco" title="Isitshopolonco – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isitshopolonco" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12516#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pyramida" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuse:Pyramida" rel="discussion" title="Diskuse ke stránce 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lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Další významy jsou uvedeny na stránce <a href="/wiki/Pyramida_(rozcestn%C3%ADk)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pyramida (rozcestník)">Pyramida (rozcestník)</a>.</div> <p><b>Pyramida</b> (z <a href="/wiki/%C5%98e%C4%8Dtina" title="Řečtina">řeckého</a> πυραμίς, <i>pyramis</i>) je jehlanovitá stavba. Základem pyramid bývá zpravidla <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99%C3%BAheln%C3%ADk" title="Čtyřúhelník">čtyřúhelník</a> nebo trojúhelník, obecně to však může být jakýkoliv polygon. To znamená, že pyramida má obvykle tři nebo čtyři strany. Tyto strany musí být trojúhelníkové. Konstrukčně nejjednodušší je udělat pyramidu na <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ctverec" title="Čtverec">čtvercové</a> (resp. přibližně čtvercové) základně, protože nevzniká problém spojit stěny do jednoho bodu. Tuto vlastnost má drtivá většina starověkých pyramid. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historické_stavby"><span id="Historick.C3.A9_stavby"></span>Historické stavby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Historické stavby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historické stavby"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jsou známy <a href="/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk%C3%BD_Egypt" title="Starověký Egypt">egyptské</a> pyramidy, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAbie" title="Núbie">núbijské</a>, které byly odvozeny od egyptských, ale byly menší, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">čínské</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mezoamerika" title="Mezoamerika">mezoamerické</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy" title="Andy">andské</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francie" title="Francie">francouzské</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cestiova_pyramida" title="Cestiova pyramida">Cestiova pyramida</a> v <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADm" title="Řím">Římě</a>, a další. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egyptské_pyramidy"><span id="Egyptsk.C3.A9_pyramidy"></span>Egyptské pyramidy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Egyptské pyramidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Egyptské pyramidy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg/220px-Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg/330px-Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg/440px-Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote"> Podrobnější informace naleznete v článku <a href="/wiki/Egyptsk%C3%A9_pyramidy" title="Egyptské pyramidy">egyptské pyramidy</a>.</div> <p>Pyramidy v <a href="/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk%C3%BD_Egypt" title="Starověký Egypt">Egyptě</a> jsou nejznámější a nejstarší z pyramidových staveb, patří k největším stavbám v historii. <a href="/wiki/Chufuova_pyramida" title="Chufuova pyramida">Cheopsova pyramida</a> je řazena mezi <a href="/wiki/Sedm_div%C5%AF_sv%C4%9Bta" title="Sedm divů světa">sedm divů světa</a> a byla nejvyšší stavbou světa až do dokončení <a href="/wiki/Lincolnsk%C3%A1_katedr%C3%A1la" title="Lincolnská katedrála">Lincolnské katedrály</a> v roce 1311, jejíž věž pyramidu převyšovala. Věž však roku 1549 shořela po zásahu bleskem a nebyla nikdy obnovena v původní výšce. Nejvyšší stavbou světa pak byly v následujících stoletích různé církevní stavby (viz <a href="/wiki/Seznam_nejvy%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%ADch_staveb_sv%C4%9Bta" title="Seznam nejvyšších staveb světa">Seznam nejvyšších staveb světa</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Egyptsk%C3%A9_pyramidy" title="Egyptské pyramidy">Egyptské pyramidy</a> jsou postaveny z velkých kamenných bloků, nebo z <a href="/wiki/Cihla" title="Cihla">cihel</a>. Stavba pyramid probíhala bez znalosti železa a složitějších technologií. První pyramida pochází z období <a href="/wiki/3._dynastie" title="3. dynastie">3. dynastie</a>, poslední pak z <a href="/wiki/18._dynastie" title="18. dynastie">18.</a>, někdy bývá uváděno <a href="/wiki/14._dynastie" title="14. dynastie">14. dynastie</a> (tzn. že všechny byly postaveny v mezi lety <a href="/w/index.php?title=2700_p%C5%99._n._l.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2700 př. n. l. (stránka neexistuje)">2700</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=1700_p%C5%99._n._l.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1700 př. n. l. (stránka neexistuje)">1700 př. n. l.</a>)<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba doložit zdroj předchozího tvrzení">zdroj?</span></a>]</sup> </p><p>Přestože o účelu i vzniku egyptských pyramid koluje řada mýtů, které jsou označovány za nevědecké, a i vědecká obec je v této otázce rozdělena, panuje obecně přijímaná teorie, že pyramidy sloužily za hroby králů.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba doložit zdroj předchozího tvrzení">zdroj?</span></a>]</sup> U některých pyramid je jedna či více dalších, menších pyramid, o nichž se předpokládá, že sloužily jako hroby manželek.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba doložit zdroj předchozího tvrzení">zdroj?</span></a>]</sup> Některé z těchto staveb sloužily k náboženským účelům, egyptologové se domnívají, že v nich přebývala králova <a href="/wiki/Ba_(starov%C4%9Bk%C3%BD_Egypt)" title="Ba (starověký Egypt)">Ba</a>. Někteří králové si nechali postavit dvě pyramidy, což bývá vysvětlováno jako projev egyptského dualismu (příslušní faraoni byli králové <a href="/wiki/Horn%C3%AD_Egypt" title="Horní Egypt">Horního</a> i <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_Egypt" title="Dolní Egypt">Dolního Egypta</a>). Zajímavostí je, že existují i pyramidy, které sice měly být hrobkou, ale král se nechal pohřbít jinam.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba doložit zdroj předchozího tvrzení">zdroj?</span></a>]</sup> </p><p>Egyptologové se domnívají, že pyramidy se vyvinuly z <a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastab</a> a že jsou egyptským vynálezem, neovlivněným cizími vlivy.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba doložit zdroj předchozího tvrzení">zdroj?</span></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Núbijské_pyramidy"><span id="N.C3.BAbijsk.C3.A9_pyramidy"></span>Núbijské pyramidy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Núbijské pyramidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Núbijské pyramidy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg/220px-Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg/330px-Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg/440px-Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_30sep2005_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote"> Podrobnější informace naleznete v článku <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAbijsk%C3%A9_pyramidy" title="Núbijské pyramidy">núbijské pyramidy</a>.</div> <p>Núbijské pyramidy byly postaveny panovníky říše <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAbie" title="Núbie">Kuš</a> na třech místech současného <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAd%C3%A1n" title="Súdán">Súdánu</a>. Tyto pyramidy jsou ovlivněny egyptskými, ale proti nim jsou menší a strmější. V <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAbie" title="Núbie">Núbii</a> byly stavěny zhruba do roku <a href="/wiki/300" title="300">300</a>, vzniklo asi 220 takových staveb. Tyto pyramidy nejsou hroby, ale pouze pomníkem mrtvého krále. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mezoamerické_pyramidy"><span id="Mezoamerick.C3.A9_pyramidy"></span>Mezoamerické pyramidy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Mezoamerické pyramidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Mezoamerické pyramidy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote"> Podrobnější informace naleznete v článku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezoamerick%C3%A9_pyramidy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezoamerické pyramidy (stránka neexistuje)">mezoamerické pyramidy</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg/220px-ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg/330px-ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg/440px-ChichenItza-Dic2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chich%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1#Kukulkánova_pyramida" title="Chichén Itzá">Kukulkánova pyramida</a> v <a href="/wiki/Chich%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1" title="Chichén Itzá">Chichén Itzá</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pyramidy v Mezoamerice patří k nejvýznačnějším pozůstatkům starověkých mezoamerických civilizací, především <a href="/wiki/Tolt%C3%A9kov%C3%A9" title="Toltékové">Toltéků</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayov%C3%A9" title="Mayové">Mayů</a> a <a href="/wiki/Azt%C3%A9ck%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Aztécká říše">Aztéků</a>. Jsou sestaveny z kamenných kvádrů mnohem menších než egyptské pyramidy, takže je poměrně snadno uneslo několik málo lidí. Kvádry byly spojovány pomocí <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cementové</a> <a href="/wiki/Malta_(materi%C3%A1l)" title="Malta (materiál)">malty</a>. Stavitelé neznali <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železné</a> nástroje ani kolo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Čínské_pyramidy"><span id=".C4.8C.C3.ADnsk.C3.A9_pyramidy"></span>Čínské pyramidy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Čínské pyramidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Čínské pyramidy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg/220px-Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg/330px-Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg/440px-Xi%27anviewtombs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote"> Podrobnější informace naleznete v článku <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%A9_pyramidy" title="Čínské pyramidy">čínské pyramidy</a>.</div> <p>První čínský císař <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cchin_%C5%A0%E2%80%99-chuang-ti" title="Čchin Š’-chuang-ti">Čchin Š’-chuang-ti</a> si nechal vybudovat pyramidální hrobku severovýchodně od centra města <a href="/wiki/Si-an" title="Si-an">Si-an</a>, tehdejšího hlavního města říše. Tvarem připomíná egyptské pyramidy, je postavena především z navezené a upěchované zeminy. Pod pyramidou by se měl nacházet pohřební sál, ale dosud nedošlo k jeho archeologickému průzkumu. Několik desítek podobných pyramid (často s <a href="/wiki/Komol%C3%BD_jehlan" title="Komolý jehlan">komolým</a> zakončením), jakožto <a href="/wiki/Hrobka" title="Hrobka">hrobek</a> císařské dynastie <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Chan" title="Západní Chan">Západní Chan</a> a vysokých státních funkcionářů, pak bylo vybudováno severozápadně od města, kde tvoří symbolickou ochrannou linii oproti mongolským nájezdníkům. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starověký_Řím"><span id="Starov.C4.9Bk.C3.BD_.C5.98.C3.ADm"></span>Starověký Řím</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Starověký Řím" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Starověký Řím"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg/220px-Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg/330px-Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg/440px-Pyramid_of_cestius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>V průběhu existence <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Římská říše">římské říše</a> bylo také postaveno několik pyramid, z nichž nejznámější je dosud existující <a href="/wiki/Cestiova_pyramida" title="Cestiova pyramida">Cestiova pyramida</a> v Římě. Jedná se o 27 <a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">metrů</a> vysokou stavbu z konce <a href="/wiki/1._stolet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="1. století př. n. l.">1. století př. n. l.</a> </p><p>Další římská pyramida byla postavena ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falicon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falicon (stránka neexistuje)">Faliconu</a> ve Francii. Přímo v <a href="/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk%C3%BD_%C5%98%C3%ADm" title="Starověký Řím">Římě</a> byla postavena pyramida pojmenovaná <i>Meta Romuli</i>, která byla zničena koncem <a href="/wiki/15._stolet%C3%AD" title="15. století">15. století</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderní_stavby"><span id="Modern.C3.AD_stavby"></span>Moderní stavby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Moderní stavby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Moderní stavby"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pyramida zůstává oblíbeným tvarem i pro novověkou a moderní architekturu. Některé příklady ukazuje následující galerie (chronologicky): </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hrobka zakladatele města markraběte Karla III. Viléma v Karlsruhe"><img alt="Hrobka zakladatele města markraběte Karla III. Viléma v Karlsruhe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG/150px-Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG/225px-Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG/300px-Karlsruher_Pyramide.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1397" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hrobka zakladatele města <a href="/wiki/Markrab%C4%9B" title="Markrabě">markraběte</a> Karla III. Viléma v <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Transamerica Pyramid v San Franciscu"><img alt="Transamerica Pyramid v San Franciscu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG/90px-Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG/135px-Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG/180px-Transamerica_Pyramid_top.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Transamerica_Pyramid" title="Transamerica Pyramid">Transamerica Pyramid</a> v <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Franciscu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pyramida – GoJa Music Hall v areálu Výstaviště Praha"><img alt="Pyramida – GoJa Music Hall v areálu Výstaviště Praha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg/150px-V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg/225px-V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg/300px-V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pyramida – <a href="/wiki/GoJa_Music_Hall" title="GoJa Music Hall">GoJa Music Hall</a> v areálu <a href="/wiki/V%C3%BDstavi%C5%A1t%C4%9B_Praha" title="Výstaviště Praha">Výstaviště Praha</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolika">Symbolika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Symbolika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Symbolika"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historické pyramidy symbolizovaly například horu či kopec, které bývaly často považovány za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Posv%C3%A1tn%C3%A9_hory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posvátné hory (stránka neexistuje)">posvátné hory</a>. Již první stupňovité „pyramidy“ <a href="/wiki/Zikkurat" title="Zikkurat">zikkuraty</a> symbolizovaly horu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egyptský <a href="/wiki/Re_(b%C5%AFh)" title="Re (bůh)">bůh Ra</a>, považovaný za otce <a href="/wiki/Faraon" title="Faraon">faraonů</a>, seděl na pyramidovitém kopci (tzv. prapahorek <a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egyptské pyramidy sloužily podobnému účelu jako <a href="/wiki/Mohyla" title="Mohyla">mohyla</a> a původně byly stupňovité (<a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEoserova_pyramida" title="Džoserova pyramida">Džoserova pyramida</a>). Mezoamerické pyramidy byly symbolické hory<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (například pyramida jako <i>altepetl</i>, tj. vodní hora, později metaforický termín pro „království“ – městský stát).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pyramidovité chrámy v Asii často představují horu <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ru" title="Méru">Méru</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> What Was the Importance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?. <i>DailyHistory.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2024-11-29]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyhistory.org/What_Was_the_Importance_of_Ziggurats_in_Ancient_Mesopotamia?">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=DailyHistory.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyhistory.org%2FWhat_Was_the_Importance_of_Ziggurats_in_Ancient_Mesopotamia%3F&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+Importance+of+Ziggurats+in+Ancient+Mesopotamia%3F"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MCCAULEY, Marissa. Probing Question: How were the Egyptian pyramids built?. <i>www.psu.edu</i> [online]. Pennsylvania State University, 2014-04-15 [cit. 2024-11-29]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/probing-question-how-were-egyptian-pyramids-built">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.psu.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psu.edu%2Fnews%2Fresearch%2Fstory%2Fprobing-question-how-were-egyptian-pyramids-built&rft.atitle=Probing+Question%3A+How+were+the+Egyptian+pyramids+built%3F&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft.aulast=McCauley&rft.aufirst=Marissa&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">STONE, Andrea J. <i>Images from the Underworld: Naj Tunich and the Tradition of Maya Cave Painting</i>. 1. vyd. [s.l.]: University of Texas Press, 1995. 304 s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cz/books?id=kk-GWOU24BEC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=Mesoamerican+pyramid+artificial+mountain&source=bl&ots=PewZ7hCVUF&sig=ACfU3U0WzCAD10V4IAlrmgZIGm3MSVUwkw&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyjsDlk9TgAhUWRBUIHQOfDN0Q6AEwC3oECAAQAQ#v=onepage&q=Mesoamerican%20pyramid%20artificial%20mountain&f=false">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-0292726529" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-0292726529"><span class="ISBN">978-0292726529</span></a></span>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Images+from+the+Underworld%3A+Naj+Tunich+and+the+Tradition+of+Maya+Cave+Painting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cz%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkk-GWOU24BEC%26pg%3DPA36%26lpg%3DPA36%26dq%3DMesoamerican%2Bpyramid%2Bartificial%2Bmountain%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DPewZ7hCVUF%26sig%3DACfU3U0WzCAD10V4IAlrmgZIGm3MSVUwkw%26hl%3Dcs%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjyjsDlk9TgAhUWRBUIHQOfDN0Q6AEwC3oECAAQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DMesoamerican%2520pyramid%2520artificial%2520mountain%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=978-0292726529&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Andrea+J.&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.edition=1&rft.tpages=304"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">MCCAFFERTY, Geoffrey G. <i>Mountain of Heaven, Mountain of Earth: The Great Pyramid of Cholula as Sacred Landscape</i>. 1. vyd. [s.l.]: Routledge <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429967962/chapters/10.4324/9780429499418-11">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-0-429-49941-8" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-0-429-49941-8"><span class="ISBN">978-0-429-49941-8</span></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429499418-11">10.4324/9780429499418-11</a>. S. 279–316. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Mountain+of+Heaven%2C+Mountain+of+Earth%3A+The+Great+Pyramid+of+Cholula+as+Sacred+Landscape&rft_id=info:doi/10.4324%2F9780429499418-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9780429967962%2Fchapters%2F10.4324%2F9780429499418-11&rft.isbn=978-0-429-49941-8&rft.aulast=McCafferty&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+G.&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.edition=1&rft.pages=279%E2%80%93316"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Kosack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Kosack (stránka neexistuje)">Wolfgang Kosack</a>: Die altägyptischen Pyramidentexte. In neuer deutscher Uebersetzung; vollständig bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kosack Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-3-9524018-1-1" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-3-9524018-1-1"><span class="ISBN">978-3-9524018-1-1</span></a></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptsk%C3%A9_pyramidy" title="Egyptské pyramidy">Egyptské pyramidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Pyramidové číslo">Pyramidové číslo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pyramids" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Pyramids">pyramida</a></span> na Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/pyramida" class="extiw" title="wikt:pyramida">pyramida</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 th,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title{background-color:#e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-title{background-color:#e7e7e7}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-title{font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-abovebelow{background-color:#f0f0f0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}</style><div role="navigation" class="navbox2" aria-labelledby="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12516#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox2-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12516#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" scope="row" class="navbox2-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritn%C3%AD_kontrola" title="Autoritní kontrola">Autoritní data</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12516#identifiers" title="Editovat na Wikidatech"><img alt="Editovat na Wikidatech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blska" title="Národní knihovna Španělska">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526329">XX526329</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Francouzská národní knihovna">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932684g">cb11932684g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932684g">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4047908-0">4047908-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85109300">sh85109300</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_parlamentn%C3%AD_knihovna_Japonska" title="Národní parlamentní knihovna Japonska">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569110">00569110</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550901505171">987007550901505171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Polská národní knihovna">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810693576705606">9810693576705606</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Architektura_a_stavebnictv%C3%AD" title="Portál:Architektura a stavebnictví">Architektura a stavebnictví</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&oldid=24433985">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyramida&oldid=24433985</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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