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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_disobedience:_April–August_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_disobedience:_April–August_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Civil disobedience: April–August 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_disobedience:_April–August_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Escalation_of_insurgency:_August_2023_–_December_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escalation_of_insurgency:_August_2023_–_December_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Escalation of insurgency: August 2023 – December 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escalation_of_insurgency:_August_2023_–_December_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2024–present:_Fano_offensive_and_ENDF_counter-offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2024–present:_Fano_offensive_and_ENDF_counter-offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 July 2024–present: Fano offensive and ENDF counter-offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2024–present:_Fano_offensive_and_ENDF_counter-offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-October_ENDF_counter-offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_ENDF_counter-offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 October ENDF counter-offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_ENDF_counter-offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_violations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_violations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Human rights violations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_violations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Armed conflict in Amhara Region, Ethiopia since 2023</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">War in Amhara</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amhara_conflict_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Amhara_conflict_map.svg/300px-Amhara_conflict_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Amhara_conflict_map.svg/450px-Amhara_conflict_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Amhara_conflict_map.svg/600px-Amhara_conflict_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1494" /></a> Map of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> showing areas of Fano militia presence (in yellow) and areas under the control of the Ethiopian government (in red)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>9 April 2023 – present (1 year, 7 months, 2 weeks and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara Region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Zone,_Tigray" title="Western Zone, Tigray">Western Zone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_War_in_Ahmara" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the War in Ahmara">Spillovers</a> into <a href="/wiki/Oromo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromo Region">Oromo Region</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing</a> <ul><li>Heavy clashes erupt between <a href="/wiki/Fano_(militia)" title="Fano (militia)">Fano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">ENDF</a> during August 2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strike_during_the_War_in_Amhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone strike during the War in Amhara">Drone attacks</a> against civilian targets<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li>Mass arrests and detention of <a href="/wiki/Amhara" class="mw-disambig" title="Amhara">Amhara</a> civilians<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ethiopian_state_of_emergency" title="2023 Ethiopian state of emergency">State of emergency</a> declared</li> <li>Fano forces <a href="/wiki/2024_Amhara_offensive" title="2024 Amhara offensive">launch offensive in July 2024</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li>ENDF launches major counter-offensive in October 2024<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Fano_(militia)" title="Fano (militia)">Fano</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions" title="List of Fano militia factions">factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions#Amhara_People's_Army" title="List of Fano militia factions">Amhara People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions#Wollo_Fano" title="List of Fano militia factions">Wollo Fano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions#Gojjam_Fano" title="List of Fano militia factions">Gojjam Fano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions#Gondar_fano" title="List of Fano militia factions">Gondar Fano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions#Shewa_Fano" title="List of Fano militia factions">Shewa Fano</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">ENDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region"><img alt="Amhara Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Amhara_Region" title="Government of Amhara Region">Amhara Region Government</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oromo_Liberation_Army" title="Oromo Liberation Army">Oromo Liberation Army</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Eskinder_Nega" title="Eskinder Nega">Eskinder Nega</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Meketaw_Mamo" title="Meketaw Mamo">Meketaw Mamo</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> Mesafint Tesfu <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> Fantahun Muhabaw <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Zemene_Kassie" title="Zemene Kassie">Zemene Kassie</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEICG202310-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Mihretu_Wodajo" title="Mihretu Wodajo">Mihretu Wodajo</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEICG202310-6">[6]</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Birhanu_Jula" title="Birhanu Jula">Birhanu Jula</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abebaw_Tadesse" title="Abebaw Tadesse">Abebaw Tadesse</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Belay" title="Abraham Belay">Abraham Belay</a> <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region"><img alt="Amhara Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yilkal_Kefale" title="Yilkal Kefale">Yilkal Kefale</a> (2023) <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region"><img alt="Amhara Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Amhara_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arega_Kebede" title="Arega Kebede">Arega Kebede</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Oromo_Liberation_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Horn_of_Africa" title="Template:Campaignbox Horn of Africa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Horn_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Horn of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Horn_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Horn of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post-1960_conflictsin_the_Horn_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post-1960 <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_in_the_Horn_of_Africa" title="Conflicts in the Horn of Africa">conflicts in the Horn of Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean civil wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_revolt_in_Somalia" title="1961 revolt in Somalia">1961 revolt in Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bale_revolt" title="Bale revolt">Bale revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamu_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhamu Incident">Rhamu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_conflict" title="Ethiopian–Somali conflict">Ethiopian–Somali conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Ogaden_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1963 Ogaden Rebellion">1963 Ogaden Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_al-Shabaab_invasion_of_Ethiopia" title="2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia">2022 Al-Shabaab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_War_of_Independence" title="Somaliland War of Independence">Somaliland War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Ethiopian_crackdown_in_Ogaden" title="2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden">2007–08</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedeo%E2%80%93Guji_clashes" title="Gedeo–Guji clashes">Gedeo–Guji clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">border conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fashaga_conflict" title="Al-Fashaga conflict">Al-Fashaga conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The War in Amhara is an armed conflict and insurgency in the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> that began in April 2023 between the <a href="/wiki/Fano_(militia)" title="Fano (militia)">Fano militia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prosperity_Party" title="Prosperity Party">Ethiopian government</a>. The conflict started after the government attempted to dissolve the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Regional_Special_Forces" title="Ethiopian Regional Special Forces">Amhara Special Forces</a> and other regional forces to "promote national unity." This move led to protests and armed resistance by local forces under Fano.<a href="#cite_note-:11-8">[8]</a> Tensions between Fano and the government had been growing for a year before the conflict. Although Fano fighters had allied with the government during the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray War</a>, relations soured after the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Tigray_peace_agreement" title="Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement">2022 peace agreement</a>, which Fano viewed as a betrayal. The government, in turn, saw Fano as a growing threat due to its unregulated nature.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> In early 2023, the government enacted the first stage of its plan to recentralize the Ethiopian security services and moved to dissolve the Amhara regional special forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024341341–342-10">[10]</a> Some regional special forces joined Fano militants who began fighting against the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a> (ENDF).<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> Since then, the war has been largely fought in the regions rural <a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">highlands</a>, though Fano has managed to penetrate urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> By mid-2023 much of the Amhara region had become a war zone<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024341341–342-10">[10]</a> as Fano launched offensives in key cities, briefly taking control of some before being pushed back by the ENDF. A six-month <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> was declared in August 2023 following a request from the Amhara regional government.<a href="#cite_note-:02-12">[12]</a> Fighting escalated in 2024, with renewed insurgent offensives in the <a href="/wiki/Begemder" title="Begemder">Gondar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gojjam" title="Gojjam">Gojjam</a> zones and increased military operations by the ENDF. The conflict has resulted in the heavy use of airstrikes, clashes over key towns, and reports of rising civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-15">[15]</a> During July 2024 <a href="/wiki/2024_Amhara_offensive" title="2024 Amhara offensive">Fano launched a broad offensive</a> across the region<a href="#cite_note-:9-16">[16]</a> and in October 2024, the Ethiopian military launched a large scale <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a> operation. Much of the Amhara countryside has come under Fano control, with reports of extortion, theft, and kidnapping becoming common.<a href="#cite_note-:10-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Gojjam_Zone" title="West Gojjam Zone">West Gojjam zone</a> in particular has seen severe levels of armed conflict since October.<a href="#cite_note-:12-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">ENDF</a> has been accused extreme human rights abuses and the indiscriminate employment of <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone strikes">drone strikes</a>. Human Rights organizations have accused the military of <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial killings</a> and attacks on medical facilities.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> reports the government has been arbitrarily detaining thousands of civilians in <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">internment camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Communication have been restricted and access denied to journalists attempting to report from the region.<a href="#cite_note-:7-20">[20]</a> The war has reportedly caused over 15,000 casualties, including combatants and civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:8-21">[21]</a> Despite some local support, Fano's lack of centralized leadership has raised questions about the insurgency's sustainability. While the government has been unable to decisively defeat Fano, the militia has struggled to leverage its gains politically due to its decentralized nature.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> International observers warn that the conflict risks destabilizing the entire country<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> as neither side appears capable of a military victory.<a href="#cite_note-:15-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Tigray_peace_agreement" title="Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement">Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Amhara_people" title="Amhara people">Amhara people</a> have historically dominated Ethiopia's economic, cultural, and political spheres.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> regime's fall in 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Tigray People's Liberation Front">Tigray People's Liberation Front</a> (TPLF) took control of the newly formed government, holding power for decades. This <a href="/wiki/Tigrayans" title="Tigrayans">Tigrayan</a> dominance in post-1991 governance mirrored the significant political influence that the Amhara had wielded through most of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> since Emperor <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-24">[24]</a> Over time, however, the TPLF's hold on power weakened as political groups from the <a href="/wiki/Oromo_people" title="Oromo people">Oromo people</a> and the Amhara increasingly resisted Tigrayan hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-:92-25">[25]</a> The Amhara youth movement known as Fano emerged during the widespread <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Oromo_protests" title="2014–2016 Oromo protests">protests of 2016</a>, where both Oromo and Amhara demonstrators protested against the TPLF-dominated federal government. The term dates back to the 1930s, originating during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a> to describe volunteer Amhara fighters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKebede20241–2-26">[26]</a> While Fano-led protests in the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara region</a> were smaller in scale compared to those in <a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromia region</a>, they were markedly more violent. Despite a shared resentment of the TPLF, little united the Amhara and Oromo long-term once the TPLF was replaced in 2018 by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed's</a> Oromo-dominated administration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner202494–95-27">[27]</a> Since the start of the <a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a>, Ethiopia's federal model has faced challenges from the rapid growth of regional security forces. In the early 2000s, the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">insurgency in the Ogaden</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a>) led to the creation of the Liyu (special 'police'), which was tasked with <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_National_Liberation_Front" title="Ogaden National Liberation Front">Ogaden National Liberation Front</a> (ONLF) and became a 40,000 strong armed force by the end of the decade. Although established by the federal government, the Liyu answered primarily to the regional president. Following this development, other regions like <a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara</a> built up <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Regional_Special_Forces" title="Ethiopian Regional Special Forces">their own sizeable forces</a> during the 2010s. While Ethiopia's regions had the constitutional right to police forces, these "special forces" were trained more for combat than policing, posing a growing threat to the federal order and increasing tensions between regions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024100-28">[28]</a> In the following years the Amhara Liyu were utilized by the government to suppress regional disorders.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> During the late 2010s the threat posed by these forces began manifesting. During 2018, the Ethiopian military intervened in the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> in response to the threat posed by the Liyu, deposing the regional president <a href="/wiki/Abdi_Mohamoud_Omar" title="Abdi Mohamoud Omar">Abdi Iley</a>. In 2019, the head of the Amhara special forces, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Asaminew_Tsige" title="Asaminew Tsige">Asaminew Tsige</a>, ordered successful assassinations on the president of the Amhara region and the chief of staff of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a> (ENDF). The ENDF intervened in response, killing General Tsige and some of his followers, which temporarily stabilized the situation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg/220px-Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg/330px-Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg/440px-Fano_fighters_near_Saint_George_church_after_re-capturing_it_from_the_TDF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Fano fighters near the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George,_Lalibela" title="Church of Saint George, Lalibela">Saint George Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lalibela" title="Lalibela">Lalibela</a> shortly after recapturing it from the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Defense_Forces" title="Tigray Defense Forces">TDF</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a>, December 2021.</figcaption></figure>In 2020, one of the bloodiest conflicts of the century, the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray War</a>, erupted between the Ethiopian government and the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Tigray People's Liberation Front">TPLF</a>. As hostilities unfolded in Tigray, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> enlisted tens of thousands of fighters from the neighboring Amhara region to join the fight against the TPLF. During the war, Amhara militants under the banner of Fano seized contested areas of western and southern <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray region</a>, carrying out <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Fano had publicly claimed Tigray controlled northern districts of <a href="/wiki/Welkait" title="Welkait">Welkait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raya_Azebo" title="Raya Azebo">Raya</a>, as well as the southern district of <a href="/wiki/Dera,_Oromia_(woreda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dera, Oromia (woreda)">Dera</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromia</a> region be placed under the control of the Amhara Region.<a href="#cite_note-Ezega_Fano_will_not_disarm-32">[32]</a> Being forged in <a href="/wiki/Amhara_nationalism" title="Amhara nationalism">Amhara nationalism</a> and the prophetic tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Church</a>, Fano groups often wear symbolic crosses associated with the envisioned revival of a new Ethiopian kingdom. Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> have frequently supported Fano, with <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monasteries</a> serving as meeting locations, and during the Tigray War, Amhara Orthodox priests attended battlefields to provide prayers and blessings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024178-33">[33]</a> The extreme violence during the ethnic cleansings carried out by Fano forced hundreds of thousands of Tigrayans to flee.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The Amhara Regional Special Force acquired significant amounts of weaponry during the war along with training from <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Defence_Forces" title="Eritrean Defence Forces">Eritrean military</a> experts<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKebede20248-35">[35]</a> and the conflict allowed Fano to expand.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> In November 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Tigray_peace_agreement" title="Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement">Pretoria Agreement</a> was signed, formally ending the Tigray War. The agreement stipulated that the status of Tigray’s occupied areas would be resolved “in accordance with the constitution,” though in practice, the issue remained unaddressed, with a delayed response from the government.<a href="#cite_note-:10-17">[17]</a> Amhara forces were not signatory to the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> In the wake of Pretoria, the Ethiopian government had come to view the partially demobilized and disarmed <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Defense_Forces" title="Tigray Defense Forces">Tigray Defense Forces</a> (TDF) as a potential bulwark against Amhara militants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024341-36">[36]</a> Fano felt betrayed by the peace agreement with the TPLF, as the organization views the Tigrayans as the 'historical enemy' of the Amhara people.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The agreement also opened the door for the <a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">Oromo Liberation Army insurgency</a> to intensify amidst security and <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_Tigray" title="Transitional Government of Tigray">provisional reform in Tigray</a>. The OLA had participated in massacres of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Amhara_people" title="Amhara people">Amhara's</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromia</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Fighting had occurred between Oromo and Amhara militants during the Tigray War.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In May 2022, the Ethiopia government arrested thousands of people in the Amhara region in an attempt to weaken Fano.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In early 2023, the government began to enact the first stage of its plan to recentralize the Ethiopian security services.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024341341–342-10">[10]</a> During early 2023, Amhara forces withdrew from Tigray region as stipulated per the Pretoria agreement.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In April 2023 the government attempted to dissolve the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Regional_Special_Forces" title="Ethiopian Regional Special Forces">Amhara Special Forces</a> and other regional forces to "promote national unity." This move led to protests and armed resistance by local forces under Fano.<a href="#cite_note-:11-8">[8]</a> The regional special force was perceived by the Amhara people as a buffer against ethnic cleansing and territorial disputes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKebede20248-35">[35]</a> The Ethiopian government saw armed Amhara groups such as Fano and the special forces as a growing threat due to their unregulated nature.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forces_involved">Forces involved</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forces involved">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions" title="List of Fano militia factions">List of Fano militia factions</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Fano_(militia)" title="Fano (militia)">Fano</a> presently consists of several insurgent factions that operate independently, without a unified command. These factions are organized locally, each with its own leader in different parts of the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:22-42">[42]</a> It is active in <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wollo_Province" title="Wollo Province">Wollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Begemder" title="Begemder">Gondar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gojjam" title="Gojjam">Gojjam</a>, where different groups have formed at varying times, often with differing characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Fano also lacks a unified platform as many of the factions have objectives that differ greatly in some instances.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> The six insurgent factions and their respective leaders currently operating under the Fano umbrella are:<a href="#cite_note-:22-42">[42]</a> <ul><li>Amhara People's Army led by <a href="/wiki/Eskinder_Nega" title="Eskinder Nega">Eskinder Nega</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Shewa faction in <a href="/wiki/North_Shewa_Zone_(Amhara)" title="North Shewa Zone (Amhara)">North Shewa</a> led by Meketaw Mamo</li> <li>Wollo faction in <a href="/wiki/Wollo_Province" title="Wollo Province">Wollo</a> led by Mihret Wodajo</li> <li>Gojjam faction in <a href="/wiki/Gojjam" title="Gojjam">Gojjam</a> led by Zemene Kase</li> <li>North Gondar faction in <a href="/wiki/North_Gondar_Zone" title="North Gondar Zone">North Gondar</a> led by Habte Wolde</li> <li>South Gondar faction in <a href="/wiki/South_Gondar_Zone" title="South Gondar Zone">South Gondar</a> led by Baye Kengaw</li></ul> Efforts to unify Fano factions under a single leadership have faced significant challenges. <a href="/wiki/Eskinder_Nega" title="Eskinder Nega">Eskinder Nega</a> of the Amhara People's Army was appointed as the organization's leader at one point, but several factions rejected his leadership. As of October 2024, no unified command structure has been established.<a href="#cite_note-:22-42">[42]</a> Fano commanders have stated that negotiations with the government will not be considered until the insurgency achieves internal unity. A previous attempt to organize peace talks fell apart due to internal divisions, which hindered the group’s ability to present a clear plan or position itself as a viable alternative.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_disobedience:_April–August_2023">Civil disobedience: April–August 2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Civil disobedience: April–August 2023">edit</a>]</div> In early April 2023, federal forces stormed into the Amhara region to disarm regional and paramilitary forces. The local civilians moved to remote areas, as the resistant fighters joined a protest with police forces. On 9 April, large-scale protests were flared up in Gondar, <a href="/wiki/Kobo,_Ethiopia" title="Kobo, Ethiopia">Kobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soqota" title="Soqota">Seqota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weldiya" title="Weldiya">Weldiya</a> and other cities, including road obstruction and setting tires ablaze to block the incoming Ethiopian Army.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The Ethiopian government started to repress opposition media in the region, as well as the killing aid workers by unknown assailants which led the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> and other NGOs to stop aid operation in that area.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Two <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Catholic Relief Services</a> (CRS) were killed near town Kobo region.<a href="#cite_note-guard-47">[47]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Red_Cross_Society" title="Ethiopian Red Cross Society">Ethiopian Red Cross Society</a>, one of their ambulance was shot by unknown militants in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Gondar_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Gondar Zone (page does not exist)">Central Gondar Zone</a>, injuring a midwife and driver.<a href="#cite_note-guard-47">[47]</a> On 4 May, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">Ethiopian Human Rights Commission</a> (EHRC) reported a series of militarised situations in the area of <a href="/wiki/North_Gondar_Zone" title="North Gondar Zone">North Gondar</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Wollo_Zone" title="North Wollo Zone">North Wollo</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Shewa_Zone_(Amhara)" title="North Shewa Zone (Amhara)">North Shewa</a> zones in the town of <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Robit" title="Shewa Robit">Shewa Robit</a>, Armania, <a href="/wiki/Antsokiyana_Gemza" title="Antsokiyana Gemza">Antsokiyana Gemza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Majete" title="Majete">Majete</a>. The <a href="/wiki/The_Amhara_National_Regional_State" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amhara National Regional State">Amhara regional government</a> accused the <a href="/wiki/Fano" title="Fano">Fano</a> militia's eastern faction for the assassination of the head of Amhara Prosperity Party <a href="/wiki/Girma_Yeshitila" title="Girma Yeshitila">Girma Yeshitila</a> on 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Subsequently, the Ethiopian security forces arrested 47 suspects allegedly connected to the assassination plot, accusing them for plotting to overthrow the authorities. The public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation">EBC</a> stated that the suspect caught in variety weapons and utilities including weapons, bombs and satellite communications equipment.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Amnesty International verified the extrajudicial killings of ENDF troops between 10 and 11 October 2023 against health workers, including threatening them with gunpoint.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escalation_of_insurgency:_August_2023_–_December_2023">Escalation of insurgency: August 2023 – December 2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Escalation of insurgency: August 2023 – December 2023">edit</a>]</div> On 1 August 2023, heavy fighting erupted between the <a href="/wiki/Fano_(militia)" title="Fano (militia)">Fano</a> militia and the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">ENDF</a> in <a href="/wiki/Debre_Tabor" title="Debre Tabor">Debre Tabor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kobo,_Ethiopia" title="Kobo, Ethiopia">Kobo</a> while ENDF troops attempted to push back Fano from these cities. Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Demeke_Mekonnen" title="Demeke Mekonnen">Demeke Mekonnen</a> stated in a rare occasion that security problems in different areas of Amhara region were becoming "concerning."<a href="#cite_note-Endeshaw-51">[51]</a> On 2 August, Fano captured the <a href="/wiki/Lalibela_Airport" title="Lalibela Airport">Lalibela Airport</a>. Through the public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation">EBC</a>, ENDF spokesperson Colonel Getnet Adane threatened to bring the military campaign against Fano if they continued "disturbing the country's peace". The Spanish embassy in Ethiopia urged tourists not to leave the city. Heavy clashes were reported around <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> that same day.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Endeshaw-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On 3 August, Amhara regional governor <a href="/wiki/Yilkal_Kefale" title="Yilkal Kefale">Yilkal Kefale</a> requested help from the ENDF to quell the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> On 4 August, the Ethiopian government declared a <a href="/wiki/2023_Ethiopian_state_of_emergency" title="2023 Ethiopian state of emergency">state of emergency</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Amhara_Region" title="Government of Amhara Region">Amhara regional government</a> requested federal troops for help. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> said that the declaration was necessary as it had become "difficult to control this outrageous activity based on the regular legal system." A curfew and warrantless arrests were introduced and public gatherings were banned.<a href="#cite_note-:02-12">[12]</a> Later it was reported that Gondar, Lalibela and <a href="/wiki/Dessie" title="Dessie">Dessie</a> had fallen under Fano control.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> On 5 August, Fano militiamen claimed to have captured <a href="/wiki/Mecha_(woreda)" title="Mecha (woreda)">Merawi</a> and were aiming to encircle <a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar" title="Bahir Dar">Bahir Dar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> On the same day, the Ethiopian security forces announced that they arrested ten people connected to "the security crisis in Amhara".<a href="#cite_note-:1-58">[58]</a> The Director-General of the Information Network Security Agency <a href="/wiki/Temesgen_Tiruneh" title="Temesgen Tiruneh">Temesgen Tiruneh</a> stated on 6 August that irregular Amhara forces captured towns, released prisoners and seized government institutions. On 7 August, the Ethiopian government acknowledged they lost control in some towns and districts in the region.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> They were able to push back Fano and control Gondar and <a href="/wiki/Lalibela" title="Lalibela">Lalibela</a> in the following day. A Fano militiaman told to the <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> that the ENDF was accompanied by anti-riot police and pro-government militiamen.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The military advanced their control into six towns and flight resumed.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> According to a statement by the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">Ethiopian Human Rights Commission</a> (EHRC), in <a href="/wiki/Debre_Birhan" title="Debre Birhan">Debre Birhan</a> city, due to heavy fighting in four densely populated kebeles on 6 and 7 August 2023, civilians including in a hospital, church, and school as well as residents in their neighborhoods and workers in their workplaces were apparently killed due to fragments from heavy artillery or in crossfire. IDPs in <a href="/wiki/Debre_Birhan" title="Debre Birhan">Debre Birhan</a> were also at risk of being caught in the crossfire, particularly those in what is commonly known as the "China IDPs" site near Kebele 8, which hosts close to 13,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-Dejene-64">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Council" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Council">EHRC</a> stated that it received credible reports that in many areas of <a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar" title="Bahir Dar">Bahir Dar</a> civilians were killed on the streets or outside their houses while some youths were specifically targeted for searches and subjected to beatings and killings. There are credible reports of many civilian casualties and damages to property in various parts of <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> and extra-judicial killings in <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Robit" title="Shewa Robit">Shewa Robit</a> by the security forces, the details of which were yet to be fully investigated and verified as of 14 August 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dejene-64">[64]</a> On 13 August, <a href="/wiki/Finote_Selam_drone_strike" title="Finote Selam drone strike">the ENDF carried out a drone strike</a> on the town of <a href="/wiki/Finote_Selam" title="Finote Selam">Finote Selam</a>, killing 26 people according to the hospital source. The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">EHRC</a> (EHRC) later reported of shelling in Finote Selam that resulted civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> On 3 September 2023, the ENDF captured the town of <a href="/wiki/Majete" title="Majete">Majete</a> from Fano. The <a href="/wiki/Europe_External_Programme_with_Africa" title="Europe External Programme with Africa">EEPA</a> reported that the ENDF conducted door-to-door searches in the town and had committed extrajudicial killings against the residents, including the execution of young men. At least 70 civilians were killed in these executions.<a href="#cite_note-:2-66">[66]</a> On 24 September, Fano re-entered the city of Gondar and clashed with the ENDF. The ENDF sustained multiple casualties during this engagement.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> On 8 November, Fano briefly recaptured Lalibela by pushing back the ENDF base to rural areas, before the ENDF were able to seize the town in the following day. The government spokesperson, <a href="/wiki/Legesse_Tulu" title="Legesse Tulu">Legesse Tulu</a>, criticize some reports that detail the violence during fighting.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The UN estimated on 17 November that nearly 50 civilians have died in the clashes over the past months. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seif_Magango&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seif Magango (page does not exist)">Seif Magango</a>, a spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">U.N. human rights office</a>, said in a statement that "It is imperative that all parties refrain from unlawful attacks and take all necessary measures to protect civilians."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024">2024</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2024">edit</a>]</div> During 2024, Fano insurgents stepped up attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">ENDF</a>, while briefly holding several towns and cities.<a href="#cite_note-:4-14">[14]</a> On 3 January 2024, Fano clashed with ENDF in the city of <a href="/wiki/Debre_Birhan" title="Debre Birhan">Debre Birhan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> On 8 January, Fano re-entered Gondar city for the third time and clashed with the ENDF. ENDF artillery use in the city reportedly resulted in up to 14 civilian deaths.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On 24 February, the Ethiopian federal government had decided to close the road leading from <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Robit" title="Shewa Robit">Shewa Robit</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dessie" title="Dessie">Dessie</a> due to heavy fighting in certain areas between the two cities.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> On 29 February, Fano begun offensive operations against the ENDF in Bahir Dar. Multiple flights from Addis Ababa to Bahir Dar have been reportedly canceled.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On 3 March, Fano clashed with the ENDF in the city of Shewa Robit.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On 20 March, Oromo militants attacked Ataye and clashed against local Amhara militias.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> On 22 March, Ethiopian Media Services reported that <a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_Ethiopia" title="Military ranks of Ethiopia">Brigadier General</a> Gaddissa Diro was killed by Fano forces in <a href="/wiki/Dega_Damot" title="Dega Damot">Dega Damot</a> woreda of Gojjam. It is reported General Diro was killed in Fano's offensive operation named Operation Wubante after Wubante Abate, a Fano commander in South Gondar who was killed in action earlier that week. Fano claims to have captured hundreds of ENDF prisoners of war in Gojjam over the three days since the operation had begun.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On 12 April, a shootout took place between federal police forces and Fano members near the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Hall_(Addis_Ababa)" title="Millennium Hall (Addis Ababa)">Millennium Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bole_(district_of_Addis_Ababa)" title="Bole (district of Addis Ababa)">Bole district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> resulted in deaths of two Fano militants and a civilian driver who was "coerced by the militants to pick them up" according to the <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Federal_Police" title="Addis Ababa Federal Police">Addis Ababa Federal Police Commission</a> statement.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2024–present:_Fano_offensive_and_ENDF_counter-offensive">July 2024–present: Fano offensive and ENDF counter-offensive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: July 2024–present: Fano offensive and ENDF counter-offensive">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2024_Amhara_offensive" title="2024 Amhara offensive">2024 Amhara offensive</a></div> During July Fano began a general offensive in the region, which as October 2024 has allowed the insurgency to control several rural areas while degrading federal forces ability to utilize the regional transport network.<a href="#cite_note-:9-16">[16]</a> On 15 July, internet service was resumed in the Amhara region after being shutdown the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On 22 July, Fano's Chief commander in <a href="/wiki/North_Shewa_Zone_(Amhara)" title="North Shewa Zone (Amhara)">North Shewa</a>, Colonel Asegid Mekonnen, surrendered to the Ethiopian security forces.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Transportation between <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar" title="Bahir Dar">Bahir Dar</a>, the capital of Amhara region, was halted in August 2024 due to the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Furthermore, travel restrictions also imposed in <a href="/wiki/Wollo_Province" title="Wollo Province">Wollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Begemder" title="Begemder">Gondar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Fano seized the strategic <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sudan_border" title="Ethiopia–Sudan border">Ethiopia–Sudan border</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Metemma" title="Metemma">Metemma</a> on the first day of September, aiming to cut off supplies of fuel and food coming across the border. After being disarmed, Sudanese authorities allowed ENDF troops to retreat into Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a>, a major city in the region, has seen a surge in violent crimes, including robbery, kidnapping, and murder.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> On 17 September 2024, Fano militias started an offensive into Gondar claiming to have captured the city,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> killing at least 9 people and injuring at least 30.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Dozens were confirmed killed during the fighting for the city at the end of September, and <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban warfare</a> in Gondar continued into October.<a href="#cite_note-:3-15">[15]</a> Since 28 September, hundreds of people in Amhara region have been subject to <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">arbitrary arrest and detention</a> at the hands of the Ethiopian army and police.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Between July and September 2024, insurgent attacks on the ENDF tripled compared to the same period in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October_ENDF_counter-offensive">October ENDF counter-offensive</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: October ENDF counter-offensive">edit</a>]</div> The end of the <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">rainy season</a> has resulted in an escalation in the war, as drier conditions have allowed troops to maneuver, and clearer skies has enabled greater use of <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">drone strikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:15-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defence Force</a> and the Amhara regional government announced that security operations would be intensified in a joint statement issued on 1 October 2024.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In what was described as the "final operation"<a href="#cite_note-:15-23">[23]</a> armed forces spokesperson Colonel Getnet Adane declared that, “The only language they [armed rebel groups] understand is force. From now on, we will talk to them in that language.”<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopian Air Force</a> has been extensively employed throughout October as the government intensified its air campaign against Fano. <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">Helicopter gunships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">drones</a> have reportedly been used throughout the region during the new ENDF operation.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Gojjam_Zone" title="West Gojjam Zone">West Gojjam zone</a> of Amhara region has seen severe levels of armed conflict since the start of the operation.<a href="#cite_note-:12-18">[18]</a> Tens of thousands of ENDF troops have poured into the Amhara region.<a href="#cite_note-:15-23">[23]</a> At the start of October, Fano groups jointly issued a travel ban on all major roads.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On 3 October 2024, heavy fighting occurred in multiple localities of the <a href="/wiki/South_Gondar_Zone" title="South Gondar Zone">South Gondar Zone</a>. Residents reported <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrikes</a> being employed in several districts of the zone, reportedly in both rural mountainous and urban civilian areas.<a href="#cite_note-:3-15">[15]</a> For several weeks, the region has seen a significant influx of ENDF reinforcements.<a href="#cite_note-:4-14">[14]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Gondar_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Gondar Zone (page does not exist)">Central Gondar Zone</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-15">[15]</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Gojjam_Zone" title="West Gojjam Zone">West Gojjam Zone</a> also witnessed heavy fighting, particularly in the town of <a href="/wiki/Finote_Selam" title="Finote Selam">Finote Selam</a>, where ENDF artillery bombardment occurred until Fano withdrew on 5 October. However, hostilities resumed the following day as Fano launched a three-pronged offensive to retake the town. Fighting also occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Agew_Awi_Zone" title="Agew Awi Zone">Agew Awi Zone</a>. The ENDF continued to reinforce its presence across the region as “law enforcement operations” persist amidst escalating civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a> Over October, the intensity of the fighting escalated in multiple areas of the region. The town of <a href="/wiki/Weldiya" title="Weldiya">Weldiya</a> saw a brief but intense battle on 13 October after Fano forces launched an offensive on ENDF positions, and other towns in the area have reported coming under artillery fire.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> From 19 to 20 October, the town of <a href="/wiki/Debarq" title="Debarq">Debark</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Gondar_Zone" title="North Gondar Zone">North Gondar Zone</a> was the site of intense fighting. The ENDF announced after the fighting the "neutralization of terrorist group leaders and members, along with the seizure of weapons."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Over 50 people were reported killed in a drone strike carried out in urban areas of North Gojjam zone on 26 October.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Residents in the region reported being falsely accused of being Fano fighters and targeted by the ENDF.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The war has started causing disruptions to medical supply chains and ambulance services across the region<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and fighting has carried on into the last week of October across several zones in the region.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> So far, the ENDF has in large part forced Fano to retreat into the mountains to wage its insurgency.<a href="#cite_note-:15-23">[23]</a> On 1 November, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Amharic reported that following insurgent attacks in <a href="/wiki/East_Welega_Zone" title="East Welega Zone">East Welega Zone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromia</a>, regional authorities ordered legally armed Amhara residents to surrender their private weapons. This move has heightened tensions, with Amhara residents in Oromia’s <a href="/wiki/Gida_Kiremu" title="Gida Kiremu">Gida Kiremu</a> district reporting increased threats and attacks.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On 5 November, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> expressed concern over the rising violence in the Amhara region in a phone call with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> That same day, drone strikes and intense fighting erupted in the <a href="/wiki/West_Gojjam_Zone" title="West Gojjam Zone">West Gojjam Zone</a> when the ENDF attacked a Fano training camp, resulting in casualties among militants and civilians. Clashes have reportedly escalated in the zone since then.<a href="#cite_note-:12-18">[18]</a> On 9 November, the town of <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Robit" title="Shewa Robit">Shewa Robit</a> was heavily shelled by artillery during a battle, and residents have reported living in a constant state of fear amid the ongoing war.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopian Air Force</a> helicopter reportedly crashed at <a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar_Airport" title="Bahir Dar Airport">Bahir Dar Airport</a> on 16 November. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fano_militia_factions#Gojjam_Fano" title="List of Fano militia factions">Gojjam Fano</a> claimed they had downed the aircraft, while the ENDF denied any helicopter had crashed.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Ethiopian government has been unable to defeat Fano military so far, although Fano has been unable to capitalize on this politically due to its highly decentralized nature.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a> Fano claims to control more than 80% of the Amhara region, with the ENDF restricted to main towns and highways.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> More than 300 civilians have died in drone strikes over the past year. The government has denied journalists access to the region and blocked mobile communication.<a href="#cite_note-:7-20">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> is considering suspending relief operations, including food aid deliveries, following attacks on humanitarian workers in the region.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_violations">Human rights violations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Human rights violations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights in Ethiopia</a></div> The war has allegedly resulted in over 15,000 casualties, both combatants and civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:8-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">Ethiopian Human Rights Commission</a> said that many human rights violations have occurred throughout Amhara Region. The EHRC said that the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopian Air Force</a>'s airstrikes and drone strikes on the cities of <a href="/wiki/Debre_Birhan" title="Debre Birhan">Debre Birhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finote_Selam" title="Finote Selam">Finote Selam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bure_(Gojjam),_Ethiopia" title="Bure (Gojjam), Ethiopia">Bure</a> has caused civilian casualties as well as damage to residential and public areas. Reuters reported that a drone strike on the town of Finote Selam left 26 civilians dead and 55 people injured.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Civilians in <a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar" title="Bahir Dar">Bahir Dar</a> were reportedly dragged out of their homes and "killed on the streets or outside their houses while some youths were specifically targeted for searches and subjected to beatings and killings." People of Amhara origin in the Ethiopian capital of <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> were reportedly subjected to widespread arrests by security forces.<a href="#cite_note-:0-109">[109]</a> The EHRC also said it had received "credible reports" that extrajudicial killings by security forces had taken place in <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Robit" title="Shewa Robit">Shewa Robit</a> and that civilian casualties and property damage had occurred in <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-109">[109]</a> On 7 December, EHRC estimated the death toll of civilians up to 50 since the last November attacks. In other instance, EHRC also accounted OLA attacks in which they killed 17 people and burnt village in Benishangul-Gumuz Region, especially between 23 and 29 November after the <a href="/wiki/OLA_peace_process" title="OLA peace process">failed peace talks</a> between the OLA and the government in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The violence has destabilized the regions medical system and made travel to facilities too dangerous for many residents. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that Ethiopian army troops have beaten, arbitrarily arrested, and intimidated medical workers for treating patients suspected of being Fano. Hospitals have also been raided and ambulances attacked. More than 5,000 women have sought medical treatment for <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a> since the start of the war, though this is believed to be a fraction of the real toll by Ethiopian civil society groups.<a href="#cite_note-:13-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Drone</a> strikes in late 2023 mostly killed civilians, according to media reports. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> reported 30 to 40 people killed in a strike in <a href="/wiki/Sayint" title="Sayint">Sayint</a> district on 10 December. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a> obtained footage of a 30 November drone strike that killed five civilians, including hospital staff, near Delanta Primary Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Wegeltena" title="Wegeltena">Wegel Tena</a>. The footage showed an ambulance ablaze with its roof caved in, consistent with a direct aerial hit.<a href="#cite_note-AJE_collective_punishment-111">[111]</a> On 30 January 2024, ENDF reportedly <a href="/wiki/Merawi_massacre" title="Merawi massacre">carried out a massacre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Merawi,_Ethiopia" title="Merawi, Ethiopia">Merawi</a> that resulted in at least 89 civilian deaths.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-AAA_prelim_report_Merawi-113">[113]</a> On 19 February, near <a href="/wiki/Sela_Dingay" title="Sela Dingay">Sela Dingay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mojana_Wadera" title="Mojana Wadera">Mojana Wedera district</a> an ENDF drone struck a truck full of civilians returning from a baptism resulting in at least 30 civilian deaths.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Refugees displaced in the Amhara region due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> have increasingly become targets of abuse from various armed actors, including Fano and the ENDF.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> The United States was "deeply concerned" about the violence, while <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> warned their citizens against traveling to parts of Amhara.<a href="#cite_note-:1-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> Director General <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom</a> stated on 7 August that "humanitarian access is difficult due to blockage of roads; communication is difficult due to internet suspension, conflicts have an immediate impact on people's health and can have grave, long-lasting consequences on health systems. We call for uninterrupted access and protection of health care in Amhara, so [that] WHO and partners can continue our work. Above all, we call for peace."<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Amhara_people" title="Persecution of Amhara people">Persecution of Amhara people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Ethiopia" title="2023 in Ethiopia">2023 in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars:_2003%E2%80%93present" title="List of wars: 2003–present">List of wars: 2003–present</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/at-least-26-killed-in-drone-strike-in-ethiopia-s-amhara-region/7224199.html">"At Least 26 Killed in Drone Strike in Ethiopia's Amhara Region"</a>. 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Cogent Social Sciences. 9 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23311886.2023.2209991">10.1080/23311886.2023.2209991</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2331-1886">2331-1886</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cogent+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+political+crisis+after+reform%3A+Causes+of+Tigray+conflict&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2023-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23311886.2023.2209991&rft.issn=2331-1886&rft.aulast=Jima&rft.aufirst=Abdisa+Olkeba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F23311886.2023.2209991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKebede20241–2-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKebede20241–2_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKebede2024">Kebede 2024</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner202494–95-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner202494–95_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGardner2024">Gardner 2024</a>, pp. 94–95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024100-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner2024100_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGardner2024">Gardner 2024</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJalata2024" class="citation book cs1">Jalata, Asafa (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Baro_Tumsa/9a4hEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv">Baro Tumsa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-59687-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-59687-2"><bdi>978-3-031-59687-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baro+Tumsa&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-3-031-59687-2&rft.aulast=Jalata&rft.aufirst=Asafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ca%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FBaro_Tumsa%2F9a4hEQAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG.O2021" class="citation web cs1">G.O, Administrator (22 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theglobalobservatory.org/2021/02/regional-special-forces-pose-threat-to-peace-and-security-ethiopia/">"Regional Special Forces Pose Threat to Peace and Security in Ethiopia"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 October 2024. <q>The most dramatic consequence of the deal has been a quarrel between Mr Abiy and his erstwhile allies from Amhara, militias known as the Fano. During the course of the Tigray conflict the Amhara militias seized—and ethnically cleansed—large parts of western and southern Tigray.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Another+African+war+looms&rft.date=2024-10-27&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2024%2F10%2F27%2Fanother-african-war-looms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ezega_Fano_will_not_disarm-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Ezega_Fano_will_not_disarm_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7856/Fano-Will-Not-Lay-Down-Arms-If-Demands-Are-Not-Met-Chairman">"Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezega_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezega News (page does not exist)">Ezega News</a>. 28 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201202200451/https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7856/Fano-Will-Not-Lay-Down-Arms-If-Demands-Are-Not-Met-Chairman">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ezega+News&rft.atitle=Fano+Will+Not+Lay+Down+Arms+If+Demands+Are+Not+Met%3A+Chairman&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ezega.com%2FNews%2FNewsDetails%2F7856%2FFano-Will-Not-Lay-Down-Arms-If-Demands-Are-Not-Met-Chairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024178-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner2024178_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGardner2024">Gardner 2024</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/06/01/ethiopia-ethnic-cleansing-persists-under-tigray-truce">"Ethnic Cleansing Persists Under Tigray Truce"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Cleansing+Persists+Under+Tigray+Truce&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F06%2F01%2Fethiopia-ethnic-cleansing-persists-under-tigray-truce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKebede20248-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKebede20248_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKebede20248_35-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKebede2024">Kebede 2024</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2024341-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner2024341_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGardner2024">Gardner 2024</a>, p. 341. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansalatina.com/americalatina/noticia/mundo/2024/10/05/gobierno-moviliza-fuerzas-federales-a-region-amhara_ab7aeb2b-72f1-430a-aa57-93a14b0567b2.html">"Gobierno moviliza fuerzas federales a región Amhara - Mundo - Ansa.it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_ANSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenzia ANSA">Agenzia ANSA</a> (in Spanish). 5 October 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024. <q>FANO, who consider themselves defenders of the Amhara population, have been traumatized by the idea of peace signed by Prime Minister Ably Ahmed with the Tigué rebels, historic enemies of the Amhara.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agenzia+ANSA&rft.atitle=Gobierno+moviliza+fuerzas+federales+a+regi%C3%B3n+Amhara+-+Mundo+-+Ansa.it&rft.date=2024-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansalatina.com%2Famericalatina%2Fnoticia%2Fmundo%2F2024%2F10%2F05%2Fgobierno-moviliza-fuerzas-federales-a-region-amhara_ab7aeb2b-72f1-430a-aa57-93a14b0567b2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarter2023" class="citation web cs1">Harter, Fred (12 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2023/01/12/Ethiopia-Oromia-conflict-OLA">"Ethiopia's Oromia conflict: 'People are dying on a daily basis'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Humanitarian" title="The New Humanitarian">The New Humanitarian</a>. 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Retrieved 31 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethiopia+Peace+Observatory&rft.atitle=Kemise+Conflict&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepo.acleddata.com%2Fkemise-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ethiopia">"Conflict in Ethiopia"</a>. Global Conflict Tracker. 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Retrieved 9 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+military+pushes+back+militiamen+in+two+major+Amhara+towns&rft.date=2023-08-09&rft.aulast=Endeshaw&rft.aufirst=Dawit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fethiopian-military-forces-back-militiamen-major-amhara-city-locals-say-2023-08-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/9/ethiopian-forces-push-fano-fighters-from-amharas-gondar-city">"Ethiopian forces push Fano fighters from Amhara's Gondar city"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810162709/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/9/ethiopian-forces-push-fano-fighters-from-amharas-gondar-city">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+forces+push+Fano+fighters+from+Amhara%27s+Gondar+city&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F8%2F9%2Fethiopian-forces-push-fano-fighters-from-amharas-gondar-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna2023" class="citation web cs1">Anna, Cara (10 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ethiopia-violence-military-amhara-83f9d6f37acda20ab6429eae138b4e76">"Ethiopia's government recaptures Amhara region towns from militia, government and residents say"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%27s+government+recaptures+Amhara+region+towns+from+militia%2C+government+and+residents+say&rft.date=2023-08-10&rft.aulast=Anna&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fethiopia-violence-military-amhara-83f9d6f37acda20ab6429eae138b4e76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2023" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (9 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/09/ethiopia-army-advances-in-amhara-authorities/">"Ethiopia: army advances in Amhara - authorities"</a>. Africanews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810162711/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/09/ethiopia-army-advances-in-amhara-authorities/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%3A+army+advances+in+Amhara+-+authorities&rft.date=2023-08-09&rft.au=AfricaNews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F08%2F09%2Fethiopia-army-advances-in-amhara-authorities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dejene-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dejene_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dejene_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDejene2023" class="citation web cs1">Dejene, Liya (14 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrc.org/the-human-rights-impact-of-the-armed-conflict-on-civilians-in-amhara-regional-state/">"The human rights impact of the armed conflict on civilians in Amhara Regional State"</a>. Ethiopian Human Rights Commission - EHRC. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethiopian+Human+Rights+Commission+-+EHRC&rft.atitle=The+human+rights+impact+of+the+armed+conflict+on+civilians+in+Amhara+Regional+State&rft.date=2023-08-14&rft.aulast=Dejene&rft.aufirst=Liya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrc.org%2Fthe-human-rights-impact-of-the-armed-conflict-on-civilians-in-amhara-regional-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland" class="citation web cs1">Holland, Hereward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zawya.com/en/world/africa/suspected-air-strike-kills-26-in-ethiopias-amhara-region-elit9lwa">"Suspected air strike kills 26 in Ethiopia's Amhara region"</a>. www.zawya.com. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zawya.com&rft.atitle=Suspected+air+strike+kills+26+in+Ethiopia%27s+Amhara+region&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Hereward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zawya.com%2Fen%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fsuspected-air-strike-kills-26-in-ethiopias-amhara-region-elit9lwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-66"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-478-11-September-2023.pdf">"SITUATION REPORT - HORN OF AFRICA No. 478 - 11 September 2023"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SITUATION+REPORT+-+HORN+OF+AFRICA+No.+478+-+11+September+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eepa.be%2F%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F09%2FSituation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-478-11-September-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMUHUMUZA2023" class="citation web cs1">MUHUMUZA, RODNEY (25 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ethiopia-amhara-fighting-fano-military-87c0f425ade9d5765984d797f36283f5">"Fresh fighting reported in Ethiopia's Amhara region between military and local militiamen"</a>. AP News. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Fresh+fighting+reported+in+Ethiopia%27s+Amhara+region+between+military+and+local+militiamen&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft.aulast=MUHUMUZA&rft.aufirst=RODNEY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fethiopia-amhara-fighting-fano-military-87c0f425ade9d5765984d797f36283f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/9/ethiopia-troops-force-armed-group-out-of-orthodox-holy-site-of-lalibela">"Ethiopian troops force armed group out of Orthodox holy site of Lalibela"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+troops+force+armed+group+out+of+Orthodox+holy+site+of+Lalibela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F9%2Fethiopia-troops-force-armed-group-out-of-orthodox-holy-site-of-lalibela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/dozens-killed-in-recent-clashes-in-ethiopia-s-amhara-region-un-says-/7360427.html">"Dozens Killed in Recent Clashes in Ethiopia's Amhara Region, UN Says"</a>. Voice of America. 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Dozens+Killed+in+Recent+Clashes+in+Ethiopia%27s+Amhara+Region%2C+UN+Says&rft.date=2023-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fdozens-killed-in-recent-clashes-in-ethiopia-s-amhara-region-un-says-%2F7360427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccount2024" class="citation web cs1">Account (3 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/01/03/debre-birhan-fano-forces-battled-with-ethiopian-troops/">"Fano forces battled Ethiopian troops in Debre Berhan"</a>. Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 29 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena+Ethiopian+News&rft.atitle=Fano+forces+battled+Ethiopian+troops+in+Debre+Berhan&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft.au=Account&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F01%2F03%2Fdebre-birhan-fano-forces-battled-with-ethiopian-troops%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccount2024" class="citation web cs1">Account (8 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/01/08/ethiopia-gondar-battle-14-reported-dead-as-govt-forces-fire-artillery/">"Battle Reported in Gondar City, Resulting in 14 Deaths, Including Civilians"</a>. Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 29 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena+Ethiopian+News&rft.atitle=Battle+Reported+in+Gondar+City%2C+Resulting+in+14+Deaths%2C+Including+Civilians&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft.au=Account&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F01%2F08%2Fethiopia-gondar-battle-14-reported-dead-as-govt-forces-fire-artillery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/02/24/ethiopian-govt-closes-northbound-road-transport-amid-escalating-battle-with-fano-forces/">"Ethiopian gov't closed Northbound road transport amid escalating battle with Fano forces"</a>. Borkena. 24 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+gov%27t+closed+Northbound+road+transport+amid+escalating+battle+with+Fano+forces&rft.date=2024-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F02%2F24%2Fethiopian-govt-closes-northbound-road-transport-amid-escalating-battle-with-fano-forces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandefro2024" class="citation web cs1">Mandefro, Hone (1 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/HoMan99/status/1763444877596012610?s=20">"Fano entered the regional capital Bahir Dar"</a>. X.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X.com&rft.atitle=Fano+entered+the+regional+capital+Bahir+Dar&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.aulast=Mandefro&rft.aufirst=Hone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FHoMan99%2Fstatus%2F1763444877596012610%3Fs%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccount2024" class="citation web cs1">Account (4 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/03/04/ethiopia-shewa-robit-town-reportedly-came-under-fano-control/">"Shewa Robit town reportedly came under Fano control"</a>. Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 5 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena+Ethiopian+News&rft.atitle=Shewa+Robit+town+reportedly+came+under+Fano+control&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft.au=Account&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F03%2F04%2Fethiopia-shewa-robit-town-reportedly-came-under-fano-control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccount2024" class="citation web cs1">Account (22 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/03/21/ataye-experiencing-renewed-fighting-at-least-ten-reportedly-killed/">"Ataye experiencing renewed fighting , at least ten reportedly killed"</a>. Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena+Ethiopian+News&rft.atitle=Ataye+experiencing+renewed+fighting+%2C+at+least+ten+reportedly+killed&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft.au=Account&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F03%2F21%2Fataye-experiencing-renewed-fighting-at-least-ten-reportedly-killed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccount2024" class="citation web cs1">Account (23 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/03/23/fano-spokesperson-in-gojam-confirm-defense-force-general-killed/">"Fano Spokesperson in Gojam confirm Defense Force General Killed"</a>. Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena+Ethiopian+News&rft.atitle=Fano+Spokesperson+in+Gojam+confirm+Defense+Force+General+Killed&rft.date=2024-03-23&rft.au=Account&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F03%2F23%2Ffano-spokesperson-in-gojam-confirm-defense-force-general-killed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstandard12024" class="citation web cs1">standard1, Addis (12 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://addisstandard.com/city-police-say-three-killed-three-injured-during-shootout-with-extremist-fano-members-in-addis-abeba/">"City police say three killed, two injured during shootout with "extremist Fano" members in Addis Abeba"</a>. Addis Standard. 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Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethiopian+Human+Rights+Commission+-+EHRC&rft.atitle=The+human+rights+impact+of+the+armed+conflict+on+civilians+in+Amhara+Regional+State&rft.date=2023-08-14&rft.aulast=Dejene&rft.aufirst=Liya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrc.org%2Fthe-human-rights-impact-of-the-armed-conflict-on-civilians-in-amhara-regional-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2023" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (6 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/06/ethiopia-more-than-50-civilians-killed-in-november-attacks/">"Ethiopia: more than 50 civilians killed in November attacks"</a>. Africanews. 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Retrieved 6 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amhara+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Report+on+the+Merawi+Massacre&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft.au=AAA-admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amharaamerica.org%2Fpost%2Fpreliminary-report-on-the-merawi-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccount2024" class="citation web cs1">Account (23 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2024/02/22/ethiopia-drone-strike-at-least-30-civilians-were-killed-in-the-latest-drone-strike/">"At least 30 civilians were killed in the latest drone strike in the North Shoa Amhara region"</a>. Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Borkena+Ethiopian+News&rft.atitle=At+least+30+civilians+were+killed+in+the+latest+drone+strike+in+the+North+Shoa+Amhara+region&rft.date=2024-02-23&rft.au=Account&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2024%2F02%2F22%2Fethiopia-drone-strike-at-least-30-civilians-were-killed-in-the-latest-drone-strike%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/10/17/ethiopia-fighting-abuses-putting-sudanese-refugees-risk">"Ethiopia: Fighting, Abuses Putting Sudanese Refugees at Risk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%3A+Fighting%2C+Abuses+Putting+Sudanese+Refugees+at+Risk&rft.date=2024-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F10%2F17%2Fethiopia-fighting-abuses-putting-sudanese-refugees-risk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/sudanese-refugees-face-grave-risks-from-ethiopia-clashes-hrw-85c1cdd4">"Sudanese Refugees Face 'Grave Risks' From Ethiopia Clashes: HRW"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">Agence France Presse</a>. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Sudanese+Refugees+Face+%27Grave+Risks%27+From+Ethiopia+Clashes%3A+HRW&rft.date=2024-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fsudanese-refugees-face-grave-risks-from-ethiopia-clashes-hrw-85c1cdd4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://addisstandard.com/news-who-expresses-concern-calls-for-uninterrupted-access-and-protection-of-health-care-in-amhara-region/">"WHO expresses concern, calls for uninterrupted access and protection of health care in Amhara region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Addis_Standard" title="Addis Standard">Addis Standard</a>. 7 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807182706/https://addisstandard.com/news-who-expresses-concern-calls-for-uninterrupted-access-and-protection-of-health-care-in-amhara-region/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Addis+Standard&rft.atitle=WHO+expresses+concern%2C+calls+for+uninterrupted+access+and+protection+of+health+care+in+Amhara+region&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faddisstandard.com%2Fnews-who-expresses-concern-calls-for-uninterrupted-access-and-protection-of-health-care-in-amhara-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKebede2024" class="citation journal cs1">Kebede, Agenagn (24 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10246029.2024.2415946?src=exp-la">"The immediate causes of the Amhara Fano Force's rebellion against the government of Abiy Ahmed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/African_Security_Review" title="African Security Review">African Security Review</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10246029.2024.2415946">10.1080/10246029.2024.2415946</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Taylor_and_Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor and Francis">Taylor and Francis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Security+Review&rft.atitle=The+immediate+causes+of+the+Amhara+Fano+Force%27s+rebellion+against+the+government+of+Abiy+Ahmed&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10246029.2024.2415946&rft.aulast=Kebede&rft.aufirst=Agenagn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F10246029.2024.2415946%3Fsrc%3Dexp-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2024" class="citation book cs1">Gardner, Tom (2024). The Abiy Project: God, Power and War in the New Ethiopia. <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">C. Hurst & Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781911723103" title="Special:BookSources/9781911723103"><bdi>9781911723103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Abiy+Project%3A+God%2C+Power+and+War+in+the+New+Ethiopia&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781911723103&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNechoDebebe2024" class="citation report cs1">Necho, Atrsaw; Debebe, Yared (February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riftvalley.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Understanding-the-Fano-Insurgency_final-1.pdf">Understanding the FANO insurgency in Ethiopia's Amhara region</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_Institute" title="Rift Valley Institute">Rift Valley Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+FANO+insurgency+in+Ethiopia%27s+Amhara+region&rft.pub=Rift+Valley+Institute&rft.date=2024-02&rft.aulast=Necho&rft.aufirst=Atrsaw&rft.au=Debebe%2C+Yared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Friftvalley.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F02%2FUnderstanding-the-Fano-Insurgency_final-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFICG2023" class="citation report cs1">ICG (16 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/b194-ethiopia-new-war-amhara_0.pdf">Ethiopia's Ominous New War in Amhara</a> (PDF) (Report) (Crisis Group Africa Briefing ed.). <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Ethiopia%27s+Ominous+New+War+in+Amhara&rft.edition=Crisis+Group+Africa+Briefing&rft.pub=International+Crisis+Group&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft.au=ICG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-11%2Fb194-ethiopia-new-war-amhara_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+in+Amhara" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_discrimination_in_Ethiopia" title="Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia">Ethnic discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Addis_Ababa_Master_Plan" title="2014 Addis Ababa Master Plan">2014 Addis Ababa Master Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ethiopian_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Ethiopian uprising">2015 Ethiopian uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Oromo_protests" title="2014–2016 Oromo protests">2014–2016 Oromo protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afar_Region" title="Afar Region">Afar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galikoma_massacre" title="Galikoma massacre">Galikoma massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region_coup_attempt" title="Amhara Region coup attempt">2019 coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Ataye_clashes" title="2021 Ataye clashes">2021 Ataye clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Shewa_clashes" title="2022 North Shewa clashes">2022 North Shewa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Amhara_people" title="Persecution of Amhara people">Persecution of Amhara people</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Amhara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_during_the_War_in_Amhara" title="Drone strikes during the War in Amhara">Drone strikes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finote_Selam_drone_strike" title="Finote Selam drone strike">Finote Selam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merawi_massacre" title="Merawi massacre">Merawi massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Amhara_offensive" title="2024 Amhara offensive">2024 Amhara offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_war_in_Amhara" title="Spillover of the war in Amhara">Spillover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_Region" title="Benishangul-Gumuz Region">Benishangul-Gumuz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nations,_Nationalities,_and_Peoples%27_Region" title="Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region">SNNPR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gedeo%E2%80%93Guji_clashes" title="Gedeo–Guji clashes">Gedeo–Guji clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_Konso" title="Ethnic violence in Konso">Ethnic violence in Konso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_against_Amaro_Koore" title="Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore">Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Tigray_war" title="Spillover of the Tigray war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Tigray_war" title="War crimes in the Tigray war">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tigray_War" title="Template:Tigray War">template</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">Peace processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigrayan_peace_process" title="Tigrayan peace process">Tigray</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Tigray_peace_agreement" title="Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement">peace agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_Revolutionary_Democratic_Unity_Front" title="Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front">Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front</a></li> <li>Amhara <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fano_(militia)" title="Fano (militia)">Fano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul_People%27s_Liberation_Movement" title="Benishangul People's Liberation Movement">Benishangul People's Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_Liberation_Army" title="Oromo Liberation Army">Oromo Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidama_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sidama National Liberation Front">Sidama National Liberation Front</a></li> <li>Tigray <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Tigray People's Liberation Front">Tigray People's Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray Defence Forces">Tigray Defence Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_of_Ethiopian_Federalist_and_Confederalist_Forces" title="United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces">United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Tigray War">Foreign forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Sudanese Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Defence_Forces" title="Eritrean Defence Forces">Eritrean Defence Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">EHRC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grassroots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Council" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Council">EHRCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Red_Cross_Society" title="Ethiopian Red Cross Society">ERCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seb_Hidri" title="Seb Hidri">Seb Hidri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yikono" title="Yikono">Yikono</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fashaga_conflict" title="Al-Fashaga conflict">Al-Fashaga conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_al-Shabaab_invasion_of_Ethiopia" title="2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia">2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_camps_in_Ethiopia" title="Internment camps in Ethiopia">Internment camps in Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template talk:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing armed conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">ADF insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" title="Salvadoran gang crackdown">Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_gang_crackdown" title="Honduran gang crackdown">Honduran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war in Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis" title="Ecuadorian security crisis">Ecuadorian security crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Paraguay" title="Insurgency in Paraguay">Insurgency in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian conflict">Peruvian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Internal conflict in Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_drug_war" title="Bangladesh drug war">Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Insurgency in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South- east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalay_clashes" title="Kalay clashes">Kalay clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Conflicts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi–led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor">Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&oldid=1259292531">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_in_Amhara&oldid=1259292531</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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