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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">U.S. state</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/U.S._state" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:U.S._state" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=U.S.+state" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._state&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> View source </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"American states" redirects here. For the international organization, see <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a state is a <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">constituent</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Political entity">political entity</a>, of which there are 50. Bound together in a <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">political union</a>, each state holds <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governmental</a> jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a>. Due to this <a href="/wiki/Dual_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual sovereignty">shared sovereignty</a>, Americans are <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">citizens</a> both of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Domicile_(law)#United_States" title="Domicile (law)">state in which they reside</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_under_United_States_law" title="Freedom of movement under United States law">move between states</a>, except for persons restricted by certain types of court orders (such as <a href="/wiki/Paroled" class="mw-redirect" title="Paroled">paroled</a> convicts and children of divorced spouses who share <a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">child custody</a>). <table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">State</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Also known as:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(the self-designation of four states)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg/330px-Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg/495px-Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg/660px-Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="590"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">Federated state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Number</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">50</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Populations</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Smallest: <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, 576,851</li><li>Largest: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, 39,538,223<a href="#cite_note-Census2020-Tab2-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Areas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Smallest: <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, 1,545 square miles (4,000 km2)</li><li>Largest: <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, 665,384 square miles (1,723,340 km2)<a href="#cite_note-areameasurements-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State government</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a> (or <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)#County_equivalents" title="County (United States)">equivalent</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State governments in the U.S.</a> are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual <a href="/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution (United States)">state constitutions</a>. All are grounded in <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republican principles</a> (this being required by the federal constitution), and each provides for a government, consisting of three branches, each with <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separate and independent powers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">judicial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> States are divided into <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, and states also create other <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">local governments</a>. States, unlike <a href="/wiki/U.S._territories" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. territories">U.S. territories</a>, possess many powers and rights under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>. States and their citizens are represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature consisting of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. Each state is also entitled to select a number of electors (equal to the total number of representatives and senators from that state) to vote in the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a>, the body that directly elects the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. Additionally, each state has the opportunity to ratify <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment#United_States" title="Constitutional amendment">constitutional amendments</a>, and, with the consent of Congress, two or more states may enter into <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compacts</a> with one another. The <a href="/wiki/Police_power_(United_States_constitutional_law)" title="Police power (United States constitutional law)">police power of each state</a> is also recognized. Historically, the tasks of local <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States#State" title="Law enforcement in the United States">law enforcement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">public education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in the United States">public health</a>, intrastate commerce regulation, and local <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">transportation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">local, state, and federal elections</a>, have generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, although all of these now have significant federal funding and regulation as well. Over time, the Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Bill_of_Rights)" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporation (Bill of Rights)">incorporation</a>, with the federal government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a continuing debate over <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>, which concerns the extent and nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals. The Constitution grants to Congress the authority to <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admit new states</a> into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776 by the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an <a href="/wiki/Equal_footing" title="Equal footing">equal footing</a> with the existing states.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> While the Constitution does not explicitly discuss the issue of whether states have the power to <a href="/wiki/Secede" class="mw-redirect" title="Secede">secede</a> from the Union, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> (1861–1865), the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Texas_v._White" title="Texas v. White">Texas v. White</a>, held that a state cannot unilaterally do so.<a href="#cite_note-Pavkovi%C4%87Radan-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#List">1 List</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Background">2 Background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Governments">3 Governments</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Constitutions">3.1 Constitutions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Executive">3.1.1 Executive</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Legislative">3.1.2 Legislative</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Judicial">3.1.3 Judicial</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Unitarism">3.2 Unitarism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Relationships">4 Relationships</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Interstate">4.1 Interstate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#With_the_federal_government">4.2 With the federal government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#With_other_countries">4.3 With other countries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Admission_into_the_Union">5 Admission into the Union</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Proposed_additions">6 Proposed additions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Puerto_Rico">6.1 Puerto Rico</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Washington,_D.C.">6.2 Washington, D.C.</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Secession_from_the_Union">7 Secession from the Union</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Name_origins">8 Name origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Geography">9 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Borders">9.1 Borders</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Regional_grouping">9.2 Regional grouping</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#See_also">10 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References">11 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Further_reading">12 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links">13 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="List">List</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on each U.S. state: <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state abbreviations">List of U.S. state abbreviations</a></div> The 50 U.S. states, in alphabetical order, along with each state's flag: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/21px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/21px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/33px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/43px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/35px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/45px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/35px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/45px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" 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data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/29px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/38px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/23px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/23px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/35px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" 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data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/19px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/19px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/29px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="658"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/35px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/46px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/46px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/22px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/22px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/33px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/43px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The 13 original states came into existence in July 1776 during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–1783), as the successors of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>, upon agreeing to the <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a><a href="#cite_note-LeeReso-8">[8]</a> and signing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Prior to these events each <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> had been a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">colony</a>;<a href="#cite_note-LeeReso-8">[8]</a> each then joined the first <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Union of states</a> between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, the first U.S. constitution.<a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Also during this period, the newly independent states developed their own individual <a href="/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution (United States)">state constitutions</a>, among the earliest written constitutions in the world.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Although different in detail, these state constitutions shared features that would be important in the American constitutional order: they were <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republican</a> in form, and separated power among three branches, most had bicameral legislatures, and contained statements, or a bill, of rights.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Later, from 1787 to 1790, each of the states also ratified a new federal frame of government in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In relation to the states, the U.S. Constitution elaborated concepts of <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Governments">Governments</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State governments of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of U.S. state governments">Comparison of U.S. state governments</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> Under U.S. constitutional law, the 50 individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions.<a href="#cite_note-Radan,_2007,_p._12-16">[16]</a> The states are not administrative divisions of the country; the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> reserves to the states or to the people all powers of government not delegated to the federal government. Consequently, each of the 50 states reserves the right to organize its individual government in any way (within the broad parameters set by the U.S. Constitution and the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Guarantee" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Guarantee">Republican Guarantee</a> enforced by Congress) deemed appropriate by its people, and to exercise all powers of government not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> A state, unlike the federal government, has un-enumerated <a href="/wiki/Police_power_(United_States_constitutional_law)" title="Police power (United States constitutional law)">police power</a>, that is, the right to generally make all necessary laws for the welfare of its people.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> As a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance. No two state governments are identical. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutions">Constitutions</h3></div> The government of each state is structured in accordance with its individual constitution, all of which are written constitutions. Many of these documents are more detailed and more elaborated than their federal counterpart. For example, before its revision in 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alabama" title="Constitution of Alabama">Constitution of Alabama</a>, contained 310,296 words, which is more than 40 times as many as the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-S&LG-19">[19]</a> In practice, each state has adopted a three-branch frame of government: executive, legislative, and judicial (even though doing so has never been required).<a href="#cite_note-S&LG-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Early in American history, four state governments differentiated themselves from the others in their first constitutions by choosing to self-identify as <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealths</a> rather than as <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">states</a>: <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, in 1776;<a href="#cite_note-Hornbook1994-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, in 1777; <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, in 1780; and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, in 1792. Consequently, while these four are states like the other states, each is formally a commonwealth because the term is contained in its constitution.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The term, commonwealth, which refers to a state in which the supreme power is vested in the people, was first used in <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(England)" title="Interregnum (England)">Interregnum</a>, the 1649–60 period between the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> during which parliament's <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> government known as the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a>. Virginia became a royal colony again in 1660, and the word was dropped from the full title; it went unused until reintroduced in 1776.<a href="#cite_note-Hornbook1994-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executive">Executive</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor (United States)</a></div> In each state, the chief executive is called the governor, who serves as both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. All governors are chosen by statewide <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct election</a>. The governor may approve or <a href="/wiki/Veto_power_in_the_United_States" title="Veto power in the United States">veto</a> bills passed by the state legislature, as well as recommend and work for the passage of bills, usually supported by their political party. In 44 states, governors have <a href="/wiki/Line-item_veto_in_the_United_States" title="Line-item veto in the United States">line item veto</a> power.<a href="#cite_note-NCSLveto-23">[23]</a> Most states have a <a href="/wiki/Plural_executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural executive">plural executive</a>, meaning that the governor is not the only government official in the state responsible for its <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a>. In these states, executive power is distributed amongst other officials,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> elected by the people independently of the governor—such as the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">lieutenant governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">attorney general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comptroller#United_States" title="Comptroller">comptroller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(U.S._state_government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State (U.S. state government)">secretary of state</a>, and others. Elections of officials in the United States are generally for a <a href="/wiki/Fixed-term_election" title="Fixed-term election">fixed term</a> of office. The constitutions of 19 states allow for citizens to remove and replace an elected public official before the end of their term of office through a <a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">recall election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NCSLrecall-25">[25]</a> Each state follows its own procedures for recall elections, and sets its own restrictions on how often, and how soon after a <a href="/wiki/General_election" title="General election">general election</a>, they may be held. In all states, the legislatures can remove state executive branch officials, including governors, who have committed serious abuses of their power from office. The process of doing so includes <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">impeachment</a> (the bringing of specific charges), and <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial" title="Impeachment trial">a trial</a>, in which legislators act as a jury.<a href="#cite_note-NCSLrecall-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative">Legislative</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State legislature (United States)</a></div> The primary responsibilities of state legislatures are to enact state laws and appropriate money for the administration of public policy.<a href="#cite_note-NCSLveto-23">[23]</a> In all states, if the governor vetoes a bill (or a portion of one), it can still become law if the legislature overrides the veto (repasses the bill), which in most states requires a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority#Two-thirds,_or_66.66..._percent" title="Supermajority">two-thirds vote</a> in each chamber.<a href="#cite_note-NCSLveto-23">[23]</a> In 49 of the 50 states the legislature consists of two chambers: a lower house (variously called the House of Representatives, State Assembly, General Assembly or House of Delegates) and a smaller upper house, in all states called the Senate. The exception is the <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legislature" title="Nebraska Legislature">Nebraska Legislature</a>, meaning it has only a single chamber.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Most states have a <a href="/wiki/Part-time_job" title="Part-time job">part-time</a> legislature (traditionally called a <a href="/wiki/Citizen_legislature" title="Citizen legislature">citizen legislature</a>). Ten state legislatures are considered <a href="/wiki/Full-time_job" title="Full-time job">full-time</a>; these bodies are more similar to the U.S. Congress than are the others.<a href="#cite_note-NCSLftpt-27">[27]</a> Members of each state's legislature are chosen by direct election. In <a href="/wiki/Baker_v._Carr" title="Baker v. Carr">Baker v. Carr</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/Reynolds_v._Sims" title="Reynolds v. Sims">Reynolds v. Sims</a> (1964), the U.S. Supreme Court held that all states are required to elect their legislatures in such a way as to afford each citizen the same degree of representation (the <a href="/wiki/One_person,_one_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="One person, one vote">one person, one vote</a> standard). In practice, most states elect legislators from <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a>, each of which has approximately the same population. Some states, such as Maryland and Vermont, divide the state into single- and multi-member districts. In this case, multi-member districts must have proportionately larger populations, e.g., a district electing two representatives must have approximately twice the population of a district electing just one. The <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting systems</a> used across the nation are: <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post">first-past-the-post</a> in single-member districts, and <a href="/wiki/Multiple_non-transferable_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple non-transferable vote">multiple non-transferable vote</a> in multi-member districts. In 2013, there were a total of 7,383 legislators in the 50 state legislative bodies. They earned from $0 annually (New Mexico) to $90,526 (California). There were various per diem and mileage compensation.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judicial">Judicial</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">State court (United States)</a></div> States can also organize their judicial systems differently from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal courts">federal judiciary</a>, as long as they protect the federal constitutional right of their citizens to procedural <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a>. Most have a trial-level court, generally called a <a href="/wiki/District_court" title="District court">district court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_court#United_States" title="Superior court">superior court</a> or <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit Court">circuit court</a>, a first-level <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeals">appellate court</a>, generally called a court of appeal (or appeals), and a <a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">supreme court</a>. Oklahoma and Texas have separate highest courts for criminal appeals. Uniquely, in New York State, the trial court is called the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a>; appeals go up first to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">Supreme Court's Appellate Division</a>, and from there to its highest court, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a>. State court systems exercise broad, plenary, and general jurisdiction, in contrast to the federal courts, which are courts of limited jurisdiction. The overwhelming majority of criminal and civil cases in the United States are heard in state courts. Each year, roughly 30 million new cases are filed in state courts and the total number of judges across all state courts is about 30,000—for comparison, 1 million new cases are filed each year in federal courts, which have about 1,700 judges.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Most states base their legal system on English <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> (with substantial statutory changes and incorporation of certain civil law innovations), with the notable exception of Louisiana, a former <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French colony</a>, which draws large parts of its legal system from French <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a>. Only a few states choose to have the judges on the state's courts serve for life terms. In most states, the judges, including the justices of the highest court in the state, are either elected or appointed for terms of a limited number of years and are usually eligible for re-election or reappointment. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unitarism">Unitarism</h3></div> All states are <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary states</a>, not federations or aggregates of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">local governments</a>. Local governments within them are created by and exist by virtue of state law, and local governments within each state are subject to the central authority of that particular state. State governments commonly delegate some authority to local units and channel policy decisions down to them for implementation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In a few states, local units of government are permitted a degree of <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> over various matters. The prevailing legal theory of state preeminence over local governments, referred to as <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest_Dillon#Dillon's_Rule" title="John Forrest Dillon">Dillon's Rule</a>, holds that, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> A municipal corporation possesses and can exercise the following powers and no others: First, those granted in express words; second, those necessarily implied or necessarily incident to the powers expressly granted; third, those absolutely essential to the declared objects and purposes of the corporation—not simply convenient but indispensable; fourth, any fair doubt as to the existence of power is resolved by the courts against the corporation—against the existence of the powers.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></blockquote> Each state defines for itself what powers it will allow local governments. Generally, four categories of power may be given to local jurisdictions: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ul><li>Structural – power to choose the form of government, charter and enact charter revisions,</li> <li>Functional – power to exercise local self-government in a broad or limited manner,</li> <li>Fiscal – authority to determine revenue sources, set tax rates, borrow funds and other related financial activities,</li> <li>Personnel – authority to set employment rules, remuneration rates, employment conditions and collective bargaining.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Relationships">Relationships</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interstate">Interstate</h3></div> Each state admitted to the Union by Congress since 1789 has entered it on an <a href="/wiki/Equal_footing" title="Equal footing">equal footing</a> with the original states in all respects.<a href="#cite_note-4.3.1-33">[33]</a> With the growth of <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a> advocacy during the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Antebellum period">antebellum period</a>, the Supreme Court asserted, in Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan (1845), that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality.<a href="#cite_note-EoS-34">[34]</a> With the consent of Congress, states may enter into <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compacts</a>, agreements between two or more states. Compacts are frequently used to manage a shared resource, such as transportation infrastructure or water rights.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Article IV of the Constitution</a>, which outlines the relationship between the states, each state is required to give <a href="/wiki/Full_Faith_and_Credit_Clause" title="Full Faith and Credit Clause">full faith and credit</a> to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include the recognition of most contracts and criminal judgments, and before 1865, slavery status. Under the <a href="/wiki/Extradition_Clause" title="Extradition Clause">Extradition Clause</a>, a state must <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradite</a> people located there who have fled charges of "treason, felony, or other crimes" in another state if the other state so demands. The principle of <a href="/wiki/Hot_pursuit" title="Hot pursuit">hot pursuit</a> of a presumed felon and arrest by the law officers of one state in another state are often permitted by a state.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The full faith and credit expectation does have exceptions, some legal arrangements, such as professional licensure and marriages, may be state-specific, and until recently states have not been found by the courts to be required to honor such arrangements from other states.<a href="#cite_note-interracial-37">[37]</a> Such legal acts are nevertheless often recognized state-to-state according to the common practice of <a href="/wiki/Comity" title="Comity">comity</a>. States are prohibited from discriminating against citizens of other states with respect to their <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">basic rights</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges and Immunities Clause">Privileges and Immunities Clause</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_the_federal_government">With the federal government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism in the United States</a></div> Under Article IV, each state is guaranteed a form of government that is grounded in republican principles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">consent of the governed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> This guarantee has long been at the forefront of the debate about the rights of citizens vis-à-vis the government. States are also guaranteed protection from invasion, and, upon the application of the state legislature (or executive, if the legislature cannot be convened), from domestic violence. This provision was discussed during the <a href="/wiki/1967_Detroit_riot" title="1967 Detroit riot">1967 Detroit riot</a> but was not invoked. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg/280px-Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="215" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="2954"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 215px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg/280px-Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg" data-width="280" data-height="215" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg/420px-Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg/560px-Map_of_all_U.S._Federal_Land.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ownership of <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">federal lands</a> in the 50 states</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause">Supremacy Clause</a> (<a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Supremacy" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">Article VI, Clause 2</a>) establishes that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">federal laws</a> made pursuant to it, and <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaties</a> made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> It provides that <a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">state courts</a> are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied. Even <a href="/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution (United States)">state constitutions</a> are subordinate to federal law.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a> are understood mainly with reference to the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Tenth Amendment</a>. The Constitution delegates some powers to the national government, and it forbids some powers to the states. The Tenth Amendment reserves all other powers to the states, or to the people. Powers of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> are <a href="/wiki/Enumerated_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enumerated powers">enumerated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I, Section 8</a>, for example, the power to declare war. Making treaties is one power forbidden to the states, being listed among other such powers in <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_10:_Limits_on_the_States" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I, Section 10</a>. Among the Article I enumerated powers of Congress is the power to regulate commerce. Since the early 20th century, the Supreme Court's interpretation of this "<a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce Clause</a>" has, over time, greatly expanded the scope of <a href="/wiki/Federal_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal power">federal power</a>, at the expense of powers formerly considered purely states' matters. The Cambridge Economic History of the United States says, "On the whole, especially after the mid-1880s, the Court construed the Commerce Clause in favor of increased federal power."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 1941, the Supreme Court in <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Darby_Lumber_Co." title="United States v. Darby Lumber Co.">U.S. v. Darby</a> upheld the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act_of_1938" title="Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938">Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</a>, holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Then, one year later, in <a href="/wiki/Wickard_v._Filburn" title="Wickard v. Filburn">Wickard v. Filburn</a>, the Court expanded federal power to regulate the economy by holding that federal authority under the commerce clause extends to activities which may appear to be local in nature but in reality effect the entire national economy and are therefore of national concern.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> For example, Congress can regulate railway traffic across state lines, but it may also regulate rail traffic solely within a state, based on the reality that intrastate traffic still affects interstate commerce. Through such decisions, argues law professor David F. Forte, "the Court turned the commerce power into the equivalent of a general regulatory power and undid the Framers' original structure of limited and delegated powers." Subsequently, Congress invoked the Commerce Clause to expand federal criminal legislation, as well as for social reforms such as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>. Only within the past couple of decades, through decisions in cases such as those in <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Lopez" title="United States v. Lopez">U.S. v. Lopez</a> (1995) and <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Morrison" title="United States v. Morrison">U.S. v. Morrison</a> (2000), has the Court tried to limit the Commerce Clause power of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-A1Essays-44">[44]</a> Another enumerated congressional power is its <a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">taxing and spending power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USC-ART1SEC8-45">[45]</a> An example of this is the system of federal aid for highways, which include the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a>. The system is mandated and largely funded by the federal government and serves the interests of the states. By threatening to withhold <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Numbered Highways">federal highway</a> funds, Congress has been able to pressure state legislatures to pass various laws.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> An example is the nationwide legal drinking age of 21, enacted by each state, brought about by the <a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Drinking_Age_Act" title="National Minimum Drinking Age Act">National Minimum Drinking Age Act</a>. Although some objected that this infringes on states' rights, the Supreme Court upheld the practice as a permissible use of the Constitution's Spending Clause in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Dole" title="South Dakota v. Dole">South Dakota v. Dole</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_483" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 483">483</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/483/203/">203</a> (1987). As prescribed by Article I of the Constitution, which establishes the U.S. Congress, each state is represented in the Senate (irrespective of population size) by two senators, and each is guaranteed at least one representative in the House. Both senators and representatives are chosen in <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct popular elections</a> in the various states. (Prior to 1913, senators were elected by state legislatures.) There are presently 100 senators, who are elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> to <a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">staggered terms</a> of six years, with one-third of them being chosen every two years. Representatives are elected at large or from <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> to terms of two years (not staggered). The size of the House—presently 435 voting members—is set by <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">federal statute</a>. Seats in the House are <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">distributed</a> among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The borders of these districts are established by the states individually through a process called <a href="/wiki/Redistricting" title="Redistricting">redistricting</a>, and within each state all districts are required to have approximately equal populations.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Citizens in each state plus those in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Indirectly_elect" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirectly elect">indirectly elect</a> the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>. When casting <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballots</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">presidential elections</a> they are voting for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">presidential electors</a>, who then, using procedures provided in the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12th amendment</a>, elect the president and vice president.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> There were 538 electors for the most recent presidential election in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>; the allocation of electoral votes was based on the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the total number of representatives and senators from that state; the District of Columbia is entitled to three electors.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> While the Constitution does set parameters for the election of federal officials, state law, not federal, regulates most aspects of elections in the U.S., including primaries, the eligibility of voters (beyond the basic constitutional definition), the running of each state's electoral college, as well as the running of state and local elections. All elections—federal, state, and local—are administered by the individual states, and some voting rules and procedures may differ among them.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution">Article V of the Constitution</a> accords states a key role in the process of amending the U.S. Constitution. Amendments may be proposed either by Congress with a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">two-thirds vote</a> in both the House and the Senate, or by a <a href="/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution">constitutional convention</a> called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either—as determined by Congress—the legislatures of three-quarters of the states or <a href="/wiki/State_ratifying_conventions" title="State ratifying conventions">state ratifying conventions</a> in three-quarters of the states.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The vote in each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_other_countries">With other countries</h3></div> U.S. states are not sovereign in the <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian sovereignty">Westphalian sense</a> in <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> which says that each State has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another State's domestic affairs, and that each State (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law.<a href="#cite_note-Krasner-55">[55]</a> Additionally, the 50 U.S. states do not possess international legal sovereignty, meaning that they are not recognized by other sovereign States such as, for example, France, Germany or the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Krasner-55">[55]</a> The federal government is responsible for <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a>, but state and local government leaders do occasionally travel to other countries and form economic and cultural relationships. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Admission_into_the_Union">Admission into the Union</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg/260px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg/260px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg.png" data-width="260" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg/390px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg/520px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood_RWB_dates.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>U.S. states by <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">date of statehood</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> 1776–1790 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1791–1796 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1803–1819 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1820–1837 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1845–1859 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1861–1876 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1889–1896 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1907–1912 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 1959</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif/260px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="595"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 195px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif/260px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif" data-width="260" data-height="195" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif/390px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif/520px-US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The order in which the original 13 states ratified the Constitution, then the order in which the others were admitted to the Union</figcaption></figure> Article IV also grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">the original 13</a> to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.<a href="#cite_note-EoS-34">[34]</a> Article IV also forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of both the affected states and Congress. This caveat was designed to give Eastern states that still had <a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">Western land claims</a> (including Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia), to have a <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> over whether their western counties could become states,<a href="#cite_note-4.3.1-33">[33]</a> and has served this same function since, whenever a <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_partition_proposals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state partition proposals">proposal to partition</a> an existing state or states in order that a region within might either join another state or to create a new state has come before Congress. Most of the states admitted to the Union after the original 13 were formed from an <a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territories of the United States">organized territory</a> established and governed by Congress in accord with its <a href="/wiki/Plenary_power" title="Plenary power">plenary power</a> under Article IV, Section 3, <a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_2:_Property_Clause" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Clause 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The outline for this process was established by the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> (1787), which predates the ratification of the Constitution. In some cases, an entire territory has become a state; in others some part of a territory has. When the people of a territory make their desire for statehood known to the federal government, Congress may pass an <a href="/wiki/Enabling_act" title="Enabling act">enabling act</a> authorizing the people of that territory to organize a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">constitutional convention</a> to write a state constitution as a step toward admission to the Union. Each act details the mechanism by which the territory will be admitted as a state following ratification of their constitution and election of state officers. Although the use of an enabling act is a traditional historic practice, a number of territories have drafted constitutions for submission to Congress absent an enabling act and were subsequently admitted. Upon acceptance of that constitution and meeting any additional congressional stipulations, Congress has always admitted that territory as a state. In addition to the original 13, six subsequent states were never an organized territory of the federal government, or part of one, before being admitted to the Union. Three were set off from an already existing state, two entered the Union after having been <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>, and one was established from <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Formerly_unorganized_territories" title="Territories of the United States">unorganized territory</a>: <ul><li>California, 1850, from land <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">ceded</a> to the United States by <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> in 1848 under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StatesShapes-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-GP-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>Kentucky, 1792, from Virginia (District of Kentucky: <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Kentucky" title="Fayette County, Kentucky">Fayette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Kentucky" title="Lincoln County, Kentucky">Lincoln</a> counties)<a href="#cite_note-StatesShapes-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-GP-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPQ-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Maine, 1820, from Massachusetts (<a href="/wiki/District_of_Maine" title="District of Maine">District of Maine</a>)<a href="#cite_note-StatesShapes-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-GP-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPQ-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Texas, 1845, previously the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a><a href="#cite_note-StatesShapes-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-GP-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Vermont, 1791, previously the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Grants" title="New Hampshire Grants">New Hampshire Grants</a> and claimed by New York)<a href="#cite_note-StatesShapes-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-GP-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>West Virginia, 1863, from <a href="/wiki/Restored_Government_of_Virginia" title="Restored Government of Virginia">Virginia</a> (Trans-<a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny</a> region counties) during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a><a href="#cite_note-GP-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPQ-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul> Congress is under no obligation to admit states, even in those areas whose population expresses a desire for statehood. Such has been the case numerous times during the nation's history. In one instance, <a href="/wiki/Mormon_pioneers" title="Mormon pioneers">Mormon pioneers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> sought to establish the state of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">Deseret</a> in 1849. It existed for slightly over two years and was never approved by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>. In another, leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a> (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> proposed to establish the state of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Sequoyah" title="State of Sequoyah">Sequoyah</a> in 1905, as a means to retain control of their lands.<a href="#cite_note-museum-64">[64]</a> The proposed constitution ultimately failed in the U.S. Congress. Instead, the Indian Territory and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a> were both incorporated into the new state of Oklahoma in 1907. The first instance occurred while the nation still operated under the Articles of Confederation. The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin">State of Franklin</a> existed for several years, not long after the end of the American Revolution, but was never recognized by the Confederation Congress, which ultimately recognized <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>'s claim of sovereignty over the area. The territory comprising Franklin later became part of the Southwest Territory, and ultimately of the state of Tennessee. Additionally, the entry of several states into the Union was delayed due to distinctive complicating factors. Among them, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a>, which petitioned Congress for statehood in 1835, was not admitted to the Union until 1837, due to a <a href="/wiki/Toledo_War" title="Toledo War">boundary dispute</a> with the adjoining state of Ohio. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> requested annexation to the United States in 1837, but fears about potential conflict with Mexico delayed the admission of Texas for nine years.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Statehood for <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a> was held up for several years (1854–61) due to a series of internal <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">violent conflicts</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Free-Stater_(Kansas)" title="Free-Stater (Kansas)">anti-slavery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Border_Ruffian" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Ruffian">pro-slavery</a> factions. West Virginia's bid for statehood was also delayed over slavery and was settled when it agreed to adopt a gradual abolition plan.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Historic regions of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_partition_proposals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state partition proposals">List of U.S. state partition proposals</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Proposed_additions">Proposed additions</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">51st state</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Political status of Puerto Rico">Political status of Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proposed_political_status_for_Puerto_Rico" title="Proposed political status for Puerto Rico">Proposed political status for Puerto Rico</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territories of the United States">unincorporated U.S. territory</a>, refers to itself as the "<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth</a> of Puerto Rico" in the English version of its <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Constitution of Puerto Rico">constitution</a>, and as "Estado Libre Asociado" (literally, Associated Free State) in the Spanish version. As with all U.S. territories, its residents do not have full representation in the United States Congress. Puerto Rico has limited representation in the U.S. House of Representatives in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Resident_Commissioner_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico">Resident Commissioner</a>, a delegate with limited voting rights in the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole_(United_States_House_of_Representatives)" title="Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)">Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union</a>, but no voting rights otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-rhg-67">[67]</a> A non-binding referendum on statehood, independence, or a new option for an associated territory (different from the current status) was held on November 6, 2012. Sixty one percent (61%) of voters chose the statehood option, while one third of the ballots were submitted blank.<a href="#cite_note-Puerto_Ricans_favor_statehood-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Puerto_Ricans_opt_for_statehood-69">[69]</a> On December 11, 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico</a> enacted a <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_resolution" title="Concurrent resolution">concurrent resolution</a> requesting the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">Congress of the United States</a> to respond to the referendum of the people of Puerto Rico, held on November 6, 2012, to end its current form of territorial status and to begin the process to admit Puerto Rico as a state.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Another <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_status_referendum,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017">status referendum</a> was held on June 11, 2017, in which 97% percent of voters chose statehood. Turnout was low, as only 23% of voters went to the polls, with advocates of both continued territorial status and independence urging voters to boycott it.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On June 27, 2018, the H.R. 6246 Act was introduced on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House">U.S. House</a> with the purpose of responding to, and comply with, the democratic will of the United States citizens residing in Puerto Rico as expressed in the plebiscites held on November 6, 2012, and June 11, 2017, by setting forth the terms for the admission of the territory of Puerto Rico as a state of the Union.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The act has 37 original cosponsors between Republicans and Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On November 3, 2020, Puerto Rico held another <a href="/wiki/2020_Puerto_Rican_status_referendum" title="2020 Puerto Rican status referendum">referendum</a>. In the non-binding referendum, Puerto Ricans voted in favor of becoming a state. They also voted for a pro-statehood <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Governor of Puerto Rico">governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pierluisi" title="Pedro Pierluisi">Pedro Pierluisi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington,_D.C.">Washington, D.C.</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_statehood_movement" title="District of Columbia statehood movement">District of Columbia statehood movement</a></div> The intention of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a> was that the United States capital should be at a neutral site, not giving favor to any existing state; as a result, the District of Columbia was created in 1800 to serve as the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a>. As it is not a state, the district does not have representation in the Senate and has a <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">non-voting delegate</a> in the House; neither does it have a sovereign elected government. Additionally, before <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratification</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">23rd Amendment</a> in 1961, district citizens did not get the <a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Voting rights in the United States">right to vote</a> in presidential elections. The strong majority of residents of the District support statehood of some form for that jurisdiction – either statehood for the whole district or for the inhabited part, with the remainder remaining under <a href="/wiki/Federal_jurisdiction_(United_States)" title="Federal jurisdiction (United States)">federal jurisdiction</a>. In November 2016, Washington, D.C. residents voted in a <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_statehood_referendum,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia statehood referendum, 2016">statehood referendum</a> in which 86% of voters supported statehood for Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> For statehood to be achieved, it must be approved by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Secession_from_the_Union">Secession from the Union</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secession in the United States</a></div> The Constitution speaks of "union" several times, but does not explicitly discuss the issue of whether a state can <a href="/wiki/Secede" class="mw-redirect" title="Secede">secede</a> from the Union. Its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, stated that the union of the United States "shall be <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">perpetual</a>." The question of whether or not individual states held the unilateral right to secession was a passionately debated feature of the nations' political discourse from early in its history and remained a difficult and divisive topic until the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. In 1860 and 1861, 11 southern states each declared secession from the United States and joined to form the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> (CSA). Following the defeat of Confederate forces by Union armies in 1865, those states were brought back into the Union during the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a>. The federal government never recognized the sovereignty of the CSA, nor the validity of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinances_of_secession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinances of secession (page does not exist)">ordinances of secession</a> adopted by the seceding states.<a href="#cite_note-Pavkovi%C4%87Radan-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-74700TvW-77">[77]</a> Following the war, the United States Supreme Court, in <a href="/wiki/Texas_v._White" title="Texas v. White">Texas v. White</a> (1869), held that states did not have the right to secede and that any act of secession was legally void. Drawing on the "<a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">perpetual</a>" union language of the Articles of Confederation, and its succeeding <a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Preamble to the United States Constitution">Preamble to the Constitution</a>, which states that the Constitution intends to "form a more perfect union", and speaks of the people of the United States a single body politic who are the authors of the more perfect union ("We the people"), the Supreme Court found that states did not have a right to secede. The court's reference in the same decision to the possibility of such changes occurring "through revolution, or through consent of the States", essentially means that this decision holds that no state has a right to unilaterally decide to leave the Union.<a href="#cite_note-Pavkovi%C4%87Radan-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-74700TvW-77">[77]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Name_origins">Name origins</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_territory_name_etymologies_of_the_United_States" title="List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States">List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png/280px-US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="983"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png/280px-US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png" data-width="280" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png/420px-US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png/560px-US_State_Name_Etymologies4.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A map showing the source languages of state names</figcaption></figure> The 50 states have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. Twenty-four state names originate from <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American languages</a>. Of these, eight are from <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>, seven are from <a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan languages</a>, three are from <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian languages</a>, one is from <a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan_languages" title="Uto-Aztecan languages">Uto-Aztecan languages</a> and five others are from other indigenous languages. <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>'s name is derived from the Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian language</a>. Of the remaining names, 22 are from European languages. Seven are from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinisation (literature)">Latinized</a> forms of English names) and the rest are from English, Spanish and French. Eleven states are <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">named after individual people</a>, including seven named for royalty and one named after a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. The origins of six state names are unknown or disputed. Several of the states that derive their names from <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">names used for Native peoples</a> have retained the plural ending of "s". </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography of the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borders">Borders</h3></div> The borders of the 13 original states were largely determined by <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">colonial charters</a>. Their western boundaries were subsequently modified as the states ceded their western land claims to the Federal government during the 1780s and 1790s. Many state borders beyond those of the original 13 were set by Congress as it created territories, divided them, and over time, created states within them. Territorial and new state lines often followed various geographic features (such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_river_borders_of_U.S._states" title="List of river borders of U.S. states">rivers</a> or mountain range peaks), and were influenced by settlement or transportation patterns. At various times, national borders with territories formerly controlled by other countries (<a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> including <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a>) became institutionalized as the borders of U.S. states. In the West, relatively arbitrary straight lines following latitude and longitude often prevail due to the sparseness of settlement west of the Mississippi River. Once established, most state borders have, with few exceptions, been generally stable. Only two states, Missouri (<a href="/wiki/Platte_Purchase" title="Platte Purchase">Platte Purchase</a>) and Nevada grew appreciably after statehood. Several of the original states <a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">ceded land</a>, over a several-year period, to the Federal government, which in turn became the Northwest Territory, <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a>. In 1791, Maryland and Virginia ceded land to create the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> (Virginia's portion was <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_retrocession" title="District of Columbia retrocession">returned</a> in 1847). In 1850, Texas ceded a large swath of land to the federal government. Additionally, Massachusetts and Virginia (on two occasions), have lost land, in each instance to form a new state. There have been numerous other minor adjustments to state boundaries over the years due to improved surveys, resolution of ambiguous or disputed boundary definitions, or minor mutually agreed boundary adjustments for administrative convenience or other purposes.<a href="#cite_note-StatesShapes-57">[57]</a> Occasionally, either Congress or the U.S. Supreme Court has had to settle state border disputes. One notable example is the case <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_v._New_York" title="New Jersey v. New York">New Jersey v. New York</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> won roughly 90% of <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Once a <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territory</a> is admitted by Congress as a state of the Union, the state must consent to any changes pertaining to the jurisdiction of that state and Congress.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The only potential violation of this occurred when the legislature of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">secession of Virginia</a> from the United States at the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and a newly formed alternative Virginia legislature, recognized by the federal government, consented to have <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> secede from Virginia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/How_the_States_Got_Their_Shapes" title="How the States Got Their Shapes">How the States Got Their Shapes</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_grouping">Regional grouping</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">List of regions of the United States</a></div> States may be grouped in regions; there are many variations and possible groupings. Many are defined in law or regulations by the federal government. For example, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Census Bureau region definition (<a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>) is "widely used ... for data collection and analysis,"<a href="#cite_note-NEMS-81">[81]</a> and is the most commonly used classification system.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Other multi-state regions are unofficial, and defined by geography or cultural affinity rather than by state lines. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">ISO 3166-2:US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_U.S._state_topics" title="Lists of U.S. state topics">Lists of U.S. state topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government in the United States</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved December 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%7C+Puerto+Ricans+voted+to+become+the+51st+U.S.+state+%E2%80%94+again&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Santiago&rft.aufirst=Abdiel&rft.au=Kustov%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Valenzuela%2C+Ali+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F11%2F13%2Fpuerto-ricans-voted-become-51st-us-state-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+state" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/DC-Election-Statehood-Council-Seats-400275901.html">"DC Voters Elect Gray to Council, Approve Statehood Measure"</a>. nbcwashington.com. November 7, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109221442/http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/DC-Election-Statehood-Council-Seats-400275901.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nbcwashington.com&rft.atitle=DC+Voters+Elect+Gray+to+Council%2C+Approve+Statehood+Measure&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcwashington.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FDC-Election-Statehood-Council-Seats-400275901.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+state" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.puertoricoreport.com/how-does-a-territory-become-a-state/">"How Does a Territory Become a State?"</a>. www.puertoricoreport.com. Puerto Rico Report. November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.puertoricoreport.com&rft.atitle=How+Does+a+Territory+Become+a+State%3F&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.puertoricoreport.com%2Fhow-does-a-territory-become-a-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+state" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74700TvW-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-74700TvW_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-74700TvW_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/74/700">"Texas v. White"</a>. Cornell Law School, Ithaca, New York: Legal Information Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313024759/https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/74/700">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+v.+White&rft.place=Cornell+Law+School%2C+Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Legal+Information+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fsupremecourt%2Ftext%2F74%2F700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+state" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhouse1998" class="citation news cs1">Greenhouse, Linda (May 27, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/27/nyregion/ellis-island-verdict-ruling-high-court-gives-new-jersey-most-ellis-island.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"The Ellis Island Verdict: The Ruling; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115211230/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/27/nyregion/ellis-island-verdict-ruling-high-court-gives-new-jersey-most-ellis-island.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Ellis+Island+Verdict%3A+The+Ruling%3B+High+Court+Gives+New+Jersey+Most+of+Ellis+Island&rft.date=1998-05-27&rft.aulast=Greenhouse&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F05%2F27%2Fnyregion%2Fellis-island-verdict-ruling-high-court-gives-new-jersey-most-ellis-island.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+state" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Article IV, Section 3, Constitution of the United States </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau,_Geography_Division" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau, Geography Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf">"Census Regions and Divisions of the United States"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125032/http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Regions+and+Divisions+of+the+United+States&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Geography+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fpdfs%2Fmaps-data%2Fmaps%2Freference%2Fus_regdiv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+state" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEMS-81"><a href="#cite_ref-NEMS_81-0">^</a> "The National Energy Modeling System: An Overview 2003" (Report #:DOE/EIA-0581, October 2009). United States Department of Energy, <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> "The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census." Seymour Sudman and Norman M. Bradburn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ay2AAAAIAAJ">Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design</a> (1982). <a href="/wiki/Jossey-Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Jossey-Bass">Jossey-Bass</a>: p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> "Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau." Dale M. Lewison, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUJAQAAMAAJ">Retailing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a> (1997): p. 384. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-461427-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-461427-4">978-0-13-461427-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> "(M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format." Pamela Goyan Kittler, Kathryn P. Sucher, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&pg=PA475">Food and Culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a> (2008): p.475. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495115410" title="Special:BookSources/9780495115410">9780495115410</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li>Stein, Mark, How the States Got Their Shapes, New York : Smithsonian Books/Collins, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-143138-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-143138-8">978-0-06-143138-8</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724193858/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/st/allstate.htm">Information about All States</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/">State Resource Guides, from the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403025825/http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1R_US9S_geo_id=01000US.html">Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (in order of population)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403030000/http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9_geo_id=01000US.html">Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306111157/https://www.usa.gov/Agencies/State_and_Territories.shtml">"State, Local, and Tribal Governments" on USA.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616005932/http://www.statemaster.com/index.php">StateMaster – statistical database for U.S. states</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.50states.com">50states.com – States and Capitals</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._state&oldid=1256488751">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._state&oldid=1256488751</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._state&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 10 November 2024, at 04:33 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deelstate_van_die_Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Deelstate van die Verenigde State van Amerika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Deelstate van die Verenigde State van Amerika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesstaat_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Bundesstaat der Vereinigten Staaten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bundesstaat der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovt%C3%A2stum_staat%C3%A2i_u%C3%A1sistaatah" title="Ovtâstum staatâi uásistaatah – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ovtâstum staatâi uásistaatah" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%ABcu_%C3%BE%C4%81ra_Ge%C4%81ndena_R%C4%ABca_American" title="Rīcu þāra Geāndena Rīca American – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rīcu þāra Geāndena Rīca American" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ولاية أمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية أمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%90" title="ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܕܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܩܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܕܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܩܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tats_des_%C3%88tats-Unis_d%E2%80%99Am%C3%A8rica" title="Ètats des Ètats-Unis d’Amèrica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ètats des Ètats-Unis d’Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাজ্যসমূহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাজ্যসমূহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaos_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Estaos d'Estaos Xuníos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estaos d'Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E-nin_%C5%9Ftatlar%C4%B1" title="ABŞ-nin ştatları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ-nin ştatları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آمریکا ایالتلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکا ایالتلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_wagian_Am%C3%A9rika_Serikat" title="Negara wagian Amérika Serikat – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Negara wagian Amérika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের অঙ্গরাজ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের অঙ্গরাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_%C3%AA_chiu" title="Bí-kok ê chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok ê chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Штаты ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Штаты ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Штат ЗША – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Штат ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Щати в САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Щати в САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savezne_dr%C5%BEave_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Savezne države Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Savezne države Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stado%C3%B9_ar_Stado%C3%B9-Unanet" title="Stadoù ar Stadoù-Unanet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stadoù ar Stadoù-Unanet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_dels_Estats_Units" title="Estats dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estats dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="АПШ штачĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="АПШ штачĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_(Tinipong_Bansa)" title="Estado (Tinipong Bansa) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estado (Tinipong Bansa)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1ty_USA" title="Státy USA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Státy USA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taleithiau%27r_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Taleithiau'r Unol Daleithiau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taleithiau'r Unol Daleithiau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA%27s_delstater" title="USA's delstater – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="USA's delstater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerihk%C3%A1_ovttastuvvan_st%C3%A1htaid_oassest%C3%A1htat" title="Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtaid oassestáhtat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtaid oassestáhtat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesstaat_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Bundesstaat der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bundesstaat der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osariik_(USA)" title="Osariik (USA) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osariik (USA)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Πολιτείες των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτείες των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Estado de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub%C5%9Dtatoj_de_Usono" title="Subŝtatoj de Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subŝtatoj de Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_estatu" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako estatu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako estatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ایالت آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="États des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanske_steaten" title="Amerikaanske steaten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaanske steaten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1it_Mheirice%C3%A1" title="Stáit Mheiriceá – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stáit Mheiriceá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steat_ny_Steatyn_Unnaneysit" title="Steat ny Steatyn Unnaneysit – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Steat ny Steatyn Unnaneysit" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_dos_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados dos Estados Unidos de América – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estados dos Estados Unidos de América" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC" title="미국의 주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국의 주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihohin_Tarayyar_Amurka" title="Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81_moku%CA%BB%C4%81ina_o_%CA%BBAmelika_Hui" title="Nā mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Nā mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="ԱՄՆ նահանգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ նահանգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="अमेरिकी राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकी राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savezne_dr%C5%BEave_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Savezne države Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Savezne države Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_di_Usa" title="Stati di Usa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stati di Usa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="U.S. state" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_ti_Estados_Unidos" title="Estado ti Estados Unidos – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estado ti Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_bagian_di_Amerika_Serikat" title="Negara bagian di Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara bagian di Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_del_Statos_Unite" title="Stato del Statos Unite – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Stato del Statos Unite" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fylki_Bandar%C3%ADkjanna" title="Fylki Bandaríkjanna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fylki Bandaríkjanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_federati_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati federati degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stati federati degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מדינות ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדינות ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praja_ing_Am%C3%A9rika_Sar%C3%A9kat" title="Praja ing Amérika Sarékat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Praja ing Amérika Sarékat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="U.S. state" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="АҚШ штаттарының тізімі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ штаттарының тізімі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewlet%C3%AAn_DYAy%C3%AA" title="Dewletên DYAyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dewletên DYAyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8)" title="Штат (АКШ) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Штат (АКШ)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93%D0%BD_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93%D0%B6%D3%B9" title="Америкын Ушымы Штатвлӓн штатвлӓжӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Америкын Ушымы Штатвлӓн штатвлӓжӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stac_di_Stac_Unii_d%27America" title="Stac di Stac Unii d'America – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Stac di Stac Unii d'America" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Estados de los Estados Unidos – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estados de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitatum_Foederatarum_civitas" title="Civitatum Foederatarum civitas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitatum Foederatarum civitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_%C5%A1tati" title="ASV štati – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV štati" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesstaat_vun_den_USA" title="Bundesstaat vun den USA – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bundesstaat vun den USA" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV_valstijos" title="JAV valstijos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="JAV valstijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mergu%27e_vipygu%27e" title="mergu'e vipygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mergu'e vipygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok_%C3%A1llamai" title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok államai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok államai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94" title="Сојузни држави на САД – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сојузни држави на САД" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faritany_Amerikana" title="Faritany Amerikana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Faritany Amerikana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="अमेरिकेची राज्ये – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमेरिकेची राज्ये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ააშ-იშ ადმინისტრაციული დორთუალა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ააშ-იშ ადმინისტრაციული დორთუალა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ولايه امريكانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ولايه امريكانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمریکای ایالتون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آمریکای ایالتون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_di_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Negeri di Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negeri di Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု၏ ပြည်နယ်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု၏ ပြည်နယ်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Staten van de Verenigde Staten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staten van de Verenigde Staten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoatn_van_Amerika" title="Stoatn van Amerika – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stoatn van Amerika" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%9E" title="アメリカ合衆国の州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国の州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAs_delstater" title="USAs delstater – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USAs delstater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delstatar_i_USA" title="Delstatar i USA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Delstatar i USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_dels_Estats_Units" title="Estats dels Estats Units – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estats dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାର ରାଜ୍ୟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାର ରାଜ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtat_(AQSh)" title="Shtat (AQSh) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shtat (AQSh)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="امریکا دیاں ریاستاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکا دیاں ریاستاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Bundsstaat" title="US-Bundsstaat – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="US-Bundsstaat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_USA" title="Stan USA – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stan USA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Estados dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estados dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_al_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Stat al Statelor Unite ale Americii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stat al Statelor Unite ale Americii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Штаты США – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Штаты США" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Штат США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Штат США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istadu_federadu_de_Istados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A8rica" title="Istadu federadu de Istados Unidos de Amèrica – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istadu federadu de Istados Unidos de Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_o_the_Unitit_States" title="State o the Unitit States – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="State o the Unitit States" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buundesstoat_fon_do_Fereende_Stoaten" title="Buundesstoat fon do Fereende Stoaten – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Buundesstoat fon do Fereende Stoaten" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtetet_Federale_t%C3%AB_Amerik%C3%ABs" title="Shtetet Federale të Amerikës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtetet Federale të Amerikës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="U.S. state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1t_(Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty)" title="Štát (Spojené štáty) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štát (Spojené štáty)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezna_dr%C5%BEava_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Zvezna država Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zvezna država Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ویلایەتەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94" title="Државе САД – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Државе САД" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savezne_dr%C5%BEave_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Savezne države Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Savezne države Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_osavaltiot" title="Yhdysvaltain osavaltiot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain osavaltiot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_delstater" title="USA:s delstater – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s delstater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Estado ng Estados Unidos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estado ng Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க மாநிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க மாநிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="АКШ административ бүленеше – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="АКШ административ бүленеше" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="รัฐของสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐของสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Иёлоти ИМА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иёлоти ИМА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri%27nin_eyaletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin eyaletleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin eyaletleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Штат США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штат США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="امریکا کی ریاستیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امریکا کی ریاستیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couh_Meijgoz" title="Couh Meijgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Couh Meijgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_federai_dei_Stati_Unii_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Stati federai dei Stati Unii d'Amèrica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stati federai dei Stati Unii d'Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%83u_bang_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Tiểu bang Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiểu bang Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoaten_van_de_Ver%C3%AAnigde_Stoaten" title="Stoaten van de Verênigde Stoaten – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stoaten van de Verênigde Stoaten" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美国州份 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国州份" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F" title="שטאטן פון די פאראייניגטע שטאטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטאטן פון די פאראייניגטע שטאטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cp%C3%ADnl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美國州份 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國州份" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyalet%C3%AA_Dewletan%C3%AA_Yewbiyayeyan" title="Eyaletê Dewletanê Yewbiyayeyan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Eyaletê Dewletanê Yewbiyayeyan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV_valst%C4%97j%C4%97s" title="JAV valstėjės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="JAV valstėjės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%BD" title="美国州份 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国州份" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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