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href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba-Kasai" title="Luba-Kasai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Luba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="لغة تشيلوبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة تشيلوبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiluba" title="Chiluba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chiluba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لوبا-کاسای دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوبا-کاسای دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshiluba" title="Tshiluba – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tshiluba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshiluba" title="Tshiluba – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tshiluba" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschiluba" title="Tschiluba – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschiluba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiluba" title="Chiluba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chiluba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_lingvo" title="Luba lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Luba lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="زبان لوبا-کاسای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لوبا-کاسای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba-Kasai_bhasa" title="Luba-Kasai bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Luba-Kasai bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba-kasa%C3%AF" title="Luba-kasaï – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luba-kasaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tshiluba" title="Lingua tshiluba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua tshiluba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B0%94%EC%96%B4" title="루바어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루바어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Luba-Kasai" title="Asụsụ Luba-Kasai – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Luba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Luba-Kasai" title="Bahasa Luba-Kasai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Luba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tshiluba" title="Lingua tshiluba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tshiluba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiluba-Kasai" title="Kiluba-Kasai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiluba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Луба (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Луба (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshiluba" title="Tshiluba – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Tshiluba" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciluba" title="Ciluba – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ciluba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tsiloba" title="Fiteny tsiloba – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tsiloba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="لوبا-کاتانگا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لوبا-کاتانگا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba-Kasai" title="Luba-Kasai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E8%AA%9E" title="ルバ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルバ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba" title="Luba – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5ket_luba" title="Språket luba – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Språket luba" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciluba" title="Ciluba – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ciluba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="لوبا کسايي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوبا کسايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Luba-kasai" title="Lenga Luba-kasai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Luba-kasai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_luba" title="Język luba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język luba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_luba" title="Língua luba – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua luba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_simi" title="Luba simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Luba simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Луба (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луба (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luluanluba" title="Luluanluba – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luluanluba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba-Kasai" title="Luba-Kasai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Luba-Kasai" title="Tiếng Luba-Kasai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Luba-Kasai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchilouba" title="Tchilouba – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchilouba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34173#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Bantu language spoken in DR Congo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Kiluba</a>, a related <a href="/wiki/Luba_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Luba languages">Luba language</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tshiluba" redirects here. For the Zambian president, see <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chiluba" title="Frederick Chiluba">Frederick Chiluba</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Tshiluba, Ciluba</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kasai_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasai region">Kasai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasai-Occidental" title="Kasai-Occidental">Kasai-Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasai-Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasai-Oriental">Kasai-Oriental</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Luba_people" title="Luba people">Baluba</a>-Kasai (Bena-kasai)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(6.4 million cited 1991–2018)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>? <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta-Congo">Volta-Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bantoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantoid">Bantoid</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Luban_languages" title="Luban languages">Luban</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Luba_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Luba languages">Luba languages</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Tshiluba, Ciluba</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Ciluba-Lubilanji /Cena-Lubilanji (in Mbuji-Mayi,Kinshasa as wellTshilenge district, and western Gandajika territory)</li> <li>Cena-Lulua (in Kananga, central-northern Lulua district, and eastern Luebo territory)</li> <li>Cikwa-Nyambi (in Northern Kamonia territory & Tshikapa)</li> <li>Cikwa-Luntu (in Dimbelenge territory)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a> (<i>national language</i>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=266">lua</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lua" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lua">lua</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/luba1249">luba1249</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie code</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>L.31</code><sup id="cite_ref-Guthrie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthrie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg/320px-Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg/480px-Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg/640px-Luba-Katanga_%2B_Luba-Kasai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Location of speakers: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5d3a9b; color:white;"> </span> Luba-Kasai</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e66100; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Luba-Katanga">Luba-Katanga</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: tan;">Pidgin Chiluba</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">DR Congo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">Luba-based pidgin</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tan;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie code</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>L.30A</code><sup id="cite_ref-Guthrie_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthrie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236303919"> <p><b>Luba-Kasai</b>, also known as <b>Cilubà</b> or <b>Tshilubà</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Luba-Lulua</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu language">Bantu language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages#Zone_L" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Zone L</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">national language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Lingala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kituba_language" title="Kituba language">Kikongo ya leta</a>. </p><p>An eastern dialect is spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Luba_people" title="Luba people">Luba people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Kasai_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="East Kasai Region">East Kasai Region</a> and a western dialect by the <a href="/wiki/Lulua_people" title="Lulua people">Lulua people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Kasai_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="West Kasai Region">West Kasai Region</a>. The total number of speakers was estimated at 6.3 million in 1991. </p><p>Within the Zone L Bantu languages, Luba-Kasai is one of a group of languages which form the "Luba" group, together with <a href="/wiki/Kaonde_language" title="Kaonde language">Kaonde</a> (L40), <a href="/wiki/Kete_language" title="Kete language">Kete</a> (L20), <a href="/wiki/Kanyok_language" title="Kanyok language">Kanyok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Luba-Katanga</a> (KiLuba), <a href="/wiki/Sanga_language_(Bantu)" title="Sanga language (Bantu)">Sanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zela_language" title="Zela language">Zela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangubangu_language" title="Bangubangu language">Bangubangu</a>. The L20, L30 and L60 languages are also grouped as the <a href="/wiki/Luban_languages" title="Luban languages">Luban languages</a> within Zone L Bantu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution_and_dialects">Geographic distribution and dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution and dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tshiluba is chiefly spoken in a large area in the <a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF_Occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaï Occidental">Kasaï Occidental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF-Oriental_(former_province)" title="Kasaï-Oriental (former province)">Kasaï Oriental</a> provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, the differences in Tshiluba within the area are minor, consisting mostly of differences in tones and vocabulary, and speakers easily understand one another. Both dialects have subdialects. <span class="anchor" id="Pidgin"></span> </p><p>Additionally, there is also a <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidginised</a> variety of Tshiluba,<sup id="cite_ref-Guthrie_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthrie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially in cities, where the everyday spoken <a href="/wiki/Tshiluba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshiluba">Tshiluba</a> is enriched with <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> words and even words from other languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Lingala</a> or <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>. Nevertheless, it is not a typical form of a pidgin since it is not common to everyone but changes its morphology and the quantity and degree to which words from other languages are used. Its form changes depending on who speaks it and varies from city to city and social class to social class. However, people generally speak the regular Tshiluba language in their daily lives, rather than pidgin. </p><p>The failure of the language to be taught at school has resulted in the replacement of native words by French words for the most part. For instance, people speaking generally count in French, rather than Tshiluba. The situation of French and Tshiluba being used simultaneously made linguists mistakenly think that the language had been pidginised.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Luba-Kasai_language" title="Special:EditPage/Luba-Kasai language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="variations"> <tbody><tr> <th>Western dialects</th> <th>Eastern dialects</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>meme</td> <td>mema</td> <td>me </td></tr> <tr> <td>ne</td> <td>ni</td> <td>with </td></tr> <tr> <td>nzolo/nsolo</td> <td>nzolu</td> <td>chicken </td></tr> <tr> <td>bionso</td> <td>bionsu</td> <td>everything </td></tr> <tr> <td>luepu</td> <td>mukela (e)</td> <td>salt </td></tr> <tr> <td>kapia</td> <td>mudilu</td> <td>fire </td></tr> <tr> <td>bidia</td> <td>nshima</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">fufu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>malaba</td> <td>makelela</td> <td>yesterday/ tomorrow </td></tr> <tr> <td>lupepe</td> <td>luhepa</td> <td>wind </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mankaji (shi)/tatu mukaji</td> <td>tatu mukaji</td> <td>aunty </td></tr> <tr> <td>bimpe</td> <td>bimpa</td> <td>well/good </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luba-Kasai uses the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabet</a>, with the digraphs <i>ng</i>, <i>ny</i> and <i>sh</i> but without the letters <i>q</i>, <i>r</i> and <i>x</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tshiluba has a 5 vowel system with vowel length: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td>i iː </td> <td> </td> <td>u uː </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td>e eː </td> <td> </td> <td>o oː </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>a aː </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The chart shows the consonants of Tshiluba. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labio-<br />dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-alv.</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td>p </td> <td> </td> <td>t </td> <td>tʃ </td> <td>k </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)"><small>voiced</small></a> </th> <td>b </td> <td> </td> <td>d </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>vl. <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasal</a></small> </th> <td>ᵐp </td> <td> </td> <td>ⁿt </td> <td>ⁿtʃ </td> <td>ᵑk </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>vd. <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasal</a></small> </th> <td>ᵐb </td> <td> </td> <td>ⁿd </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td>(ɸ) </td> <td>f </td> <td>s </td> <td>ʃ </td> <td> </td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)"><small>voiced</small></a> </th> <td> </td> <td>v </td> <td>z </td> <td>ʒ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>vl. <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasal</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td>ᶬf </td> <td>ⁿs </td> <td>ⁿʃ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>vd. <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasal</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td>ᶬv </td> <td>ⁿz </td> <td>ⁿʒ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td>m </td> <td> </td> <td>n </td> <td>ɲ </td> <td>ŋ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>l </td> <td>j </td> <td>w </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>/p/ may also have the sound [ɸ].</li> <li>If a /d/ is preceding an /i/, it may also be pronounced as an affricate sound [dʒ].</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Project" title="Rosetta Project">The Rosetta Project</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> translates to: </p> <dl><dd><i>Bantu bonsu badi baledibwa badikadile ne badi ne makokeshi amwe. Badi ne lungenyi lwa bumuntu ne kondo ka moyo, badi ne bwa kwenzelangana malu mu buwetu.</i></dd> <dd>"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."</dd></dl> <p>According to Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko): </p> <dl><dd><i>Mukayi wuani udi mu bujimi</i></dd> <dd>"My wife is on the farm"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mulunda wanyi mujikija kalasa Uenda mu tshidimu tshishala</i></dd> <dd>"My friend completed his/her studies last year" <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lua">Tshiluba, Ciluba</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guthrie-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guthrie_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guthrie_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guthrie_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf">New Updated Guthrie List Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"ki te te la" is Standard Orthography, pronounced like "k retell" and "ke Te Te la".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The prefix <i>tshi</i> or <i>ci</i>, depending on the spelling used, is used for the noun class used with language names</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Luba-Lulua" combines the name "Luba" (in the strictest sense, Luba Lubilanji people) and "Lulua" (Beena Luluwa people), as in "the Luba-Lulua conflict".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ethnologue.com also indicates the name "Beena Lulua" but that is the name of the Beena Luluwa people, or the name "Luva" but that is a synonym of Kiluba (Kiluva), a different Luban language, which has a fricative bilabial between vowels.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tshiluba.php">"Tshiluba language and alphabet"</a>. <i>www.omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Tshiluba+language+and+alphabet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Ftshiluba.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuba-Kasai+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Rosetta Project: A Long Now Foundation Library of Human Language (no author). (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_lua_undec-1">https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_lua_undec-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkindipeYambaTshiama" class="citation web cs1">Akindipe, Tola; Yamba, Francisco; Tshiama, Veronica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshiluba.mofeko.com/family.html">"Family in Tshiluba"</a>. <i>Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+Tshiluba+%28Mofeko%29&rft.atitle=Family+in+Tshiluba&rft.aulast=Akindipe&rft.aufirst=Tola&rft.au=Yamba%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Tshiama%2C+Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshiluba.mofeko.com%2Ffamily.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuba-Kasai+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkindipeYambaTshiama" class="citation web cs1">Akindipe, Tola; Yamba, Francisco; Tshiama, Veronica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshiluba.mofeko.com/days.html">"Days in Tshiluba"</a>. <i>Learn Tshiluba (Mofeko)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+Tshiluba+%28Mofeko%29&rft.atitle=Days+in+Tshiluba&rft.aulast=Akindipe&rft.aufirst=Tola&rft.au=Yamba%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Tshiama%2C+Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshiluba.mofeko.com%2Fdays.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuba-Kasai+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Phillips_Verner1899" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Phillips Verner (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmMvAAAAYAAJ"><i>Mukanda wa Chiluba</i></a>. Spottiswoode<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mukanda+wa+Chiluba&rft.pub=Spottiswoode&rft.date=1899&rft.au=Samuel+Phillips+Verner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmMvAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuba-Kasai+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stappers, Leo. <i>Tonologische bijdrage tot de studie van het werkwoord in het tshiluba</i>. 1949. Mémoires (Institut royal colonial belge. Section des sciences morales et politiques). Collection in-8<sup>o</sup> ; t. 18, fasc. 4.</li> <li>de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. <i>Cilubà Phonetics: Proposals for a 'Corpus-Based Phonetics from Below' Approach</i>. 1999. Research Centre of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ghent.</li> <li>DeClercq, P. <i>Grammaire de la langue des bena-lulua.</i> 1897. Polleunis et Ceuterick.</li> <li>Muyunga, Yacioko Kasengulu. 1979. <i>Lingala and Ciluba speech audiometry</i>. Kinshasa: Presses Universitaires du Zaïre pour l'Université Nationale du Zaïre (UNAZA).</li> <li>Kabuta, Ngo. <i>Loanwords in Cilubà.</i> 2012. University of Ghent, Belgium.</li> <li>Willems, Em. <i>Het Tshiluba van Kasayi voor beginnelingen</i>. 1943. Sint Norbertus.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba-Kasai_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/lua" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/lua">Luba-Kasai language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Tola Akindipe, Veronica Tshiama & Francisco Yamba, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tshiluba.mofeko.com/">Largest online resource to learn Tshiluba (Mofeko)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciyem.ugent.be/">Online Cilubà - French Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3830521.stm">BBC News: Congo word "most untranslatable"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tshiluba.php/">Tshiluba Language and Alphabet (Omniglot)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalrecordings.net/en/language/99/">Tshiluba: Kasai Language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grammardictionar00morr/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Grammar and Dictionary of the Buluba-Lulua Language</i> (1906)</a> online copy of dictionary by <a href="/wiki/William_Morrison_(missionary)" title="William Morrison (missionary)">William Morrison (missionary)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Template:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Template talk:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_French" title="African French">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kongo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kituba_language" title="Kituba language">Kituba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingala language">Lingala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Congo_Swahili" title="Congo Swahili">Congo Swahili</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tshiluba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">province</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bandundu_Province" title="Bandundu Province">Bandundu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boma_language" title="Boma language">Boma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_language" title="Ding language">Ding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungana_language" title="Hungana language">Hungana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwese_language" title="Kwese language">Kwese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lia-Ntomba_language" title="Lia-Ntomba language">Lia-Ntomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbala_language" title="Mbala language">Mbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpuono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpuono language">Mpuono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzadi_language" title="Nzadi language">Nzadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pende_language" title="Pende language">Pende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakata_language" title="Sakata language">Sakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengele_language" title="Sengele language">Sengele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinji_language" title="Shinji language">Shinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonde_language" title="Sonde language">Sonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suku_language" title="Suku language">Suku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiene_language" title="Tiene language">Tiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Congo%E2%80%93Angola)" title="Yaka language (Congo–Angola)">Yaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yansi_language" title="Yansi language">Yansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quateur_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Équateur Province">Équateur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bala_language" title="Bala language">Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangi_language" title="Bangi language">Bangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bango_language" title="Bango language">Bango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budza_language" title="Budza language">Budza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Banda_language" title="Central Banda language">Central Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furu_language" title="Furu language">Furu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losengo_language" title="Losengo language">Losengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbaka_language" title="Mbaka language">Mbaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbandja_language" title="Mbandja language">Mbandja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongo_language" title="Mongo language">Mongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_language_(Congo)" title="Mono language (Congo)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndolo_dialect" title="Ndolo dialect">Ndolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndunga_language" title="Ndunga language">Ndunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_Minagende_language" title="Ngbaka Minagende language">Ngbaka Minagende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_language" title="Ngbandi language">Ngbandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbinda_language" title="Ngbinda language">Ngbinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbundu_language" title="Ngbundu language">Ngbundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngombe_language_(Bantu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngombe language (Bantu)">Ngombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagibete_language" title="Pagibete language">Pagibete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Banda_language" title="South Banda language">South Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangere_language" title="Yangere language">Yangere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kasai-Occidental" title="Kasai-Occidental">Kasai-Occidental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binji_language" title="Binji language">Binji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushong_language" title="Bushong language">Bushong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lele_language_(Bantu)" title="Lele language (Bantu)">Lele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lwalu_language" title="Lwalu language">Lwalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wongo_language" title="Wongo language">Wongo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kasai-Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasai-Oriental">Kasai-Oriental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budya_language" title="Budya language">Budya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengese_language" title="Dengese language">Dengese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_language" title="Luna language">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkutu_language" title="Nkutu language">Nkutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salampasu_language" title="Salampasu language">Salampasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songe_language" title="Songe language">Songe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetela_language" title="Tetela language">Tetela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katanga_Province" title="Katanga Province">Katanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangubangu_language" title="Bangubangu language">Bangubangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwile_language" title="Bwile language">Bwile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemba_language" title="Hemba language">Hemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaonde_language" title="Kaonde language">Kaonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebwe_language" title="Kebwe language">Kebwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Luba-Katanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunda_language" title="Lunda language">Lunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruund_language" title="Ruund language">Ruund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanga_language_(Bantu)" title="Sanga language (Bantu)">Sanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabwa language">Tabwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zela_language" title="Zela language">Zela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazi language">Yazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mfinu_language" title="Mfinu language">Mfinu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maniema_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniema Province">Maniema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hendo_language" title="Hendo language">Hendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimba_language" title="Zimba language">Zimba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Kivu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Kivu">Nord-Kivu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_language_(Bantu)" title="Amba language (Bantu)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havu_language" title="Havu language">Havu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunde_language" title="Hunde language">Hunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nande_language" title="Nande language">Nande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanga_language" title="Nyanga language">Nyanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinga_language" title="Talinga language">Talinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembo_(Kitembo)_language" title="Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuma_language" title="Vanuma language">Vanuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Kivu)" title="Yaka language (Kivu)">Yaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orientale_Province" title="Orientale Province">Orientale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alur_language" title="Alur language">Alur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoa_language" title="Asoa language">Asoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avokaya_language" title="Avokaya language">Avokaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangala_language" title="Bangala language">Bangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangba_language" title="Bangba language">Bangba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barambu_language" title="Barambu language">Barambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeke_language" title="Beeke language">Beeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bila_language" title="Bila language">Bila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budu_language" title="Budu language">Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwa_language" title="Bwa language">Bwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwela_language" title="Bwela language">Bwela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_language" title="Dongo language">Dongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_language" title="Guru language">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hema_language" title="Hema language">Hema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliko_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliko language">Kaliko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kango_language_(Bas-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9_District)" title="Kango language (Bas-Uélé District)">Kango (Bas-Uélé District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kango_language_(Tshopo_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kango language (Tshopo District)">Kango (Tshopo District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kari_language" title="Kari language">Kari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kele_language_(Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kele language (Congo)">Kele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendu_language" title="Lendu language">Lendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lese_language" title="Lese language">Lese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lika_language" title="Lika language">Lika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likile_language" title="Likile language">Likile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga_language" title="Linga language">Linga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki_dialect" title="Loki dialect">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_language" title="Logo language">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombo_language" title="Lombo language">Lombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_language" title="Lugbara language">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_language" title="Ma language">Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangbetu_language" title="Mangbetu language">Mangbetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangbutu_language" title="Mangbutu language">Mangbutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayogo_language" title="Mayogo language">Mayogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mba_language" title="Mba language">Mba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbo_language_(Congo)" title="Mbo language (Congo)">Mbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndaka_language" title="Ndaka language">Ndaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngbee_language" title="Ngbee language">Ngbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngelima_language" title="Ngelima language">Ngelima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyali_language" title="Nyali language">Nyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanga-li_language" title="Nyanga-li language">Nyanga-li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzakara_language" title="Nzakara language">Nzakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omi_language" title="Omi language">Omi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambia_language" title="Pambia language">Pambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poke_language" title="Poke language">Poke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soko_language" title="Soko language">Soko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbo_language" title="Tagbo language">Tagbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zande_language" title="Zande language">Zande</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sud-Kivu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud-Kivu">Sud-Kivu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyu_language" title="Buyu language">Buyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Fuliiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havu_language" title="Havu language">Havu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabwari_language" title="Kabwari language">Kabwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembo_(Kitembo)_language" title="Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_American_Sign_Language#Francophone_African_Sign_Language" title="Varieties of American Sign Language">French African Sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J–M)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template talk:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J–M)_(by_Guthrie_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Narrow <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a> (Zones J–M) (by <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone J*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D41 <a href="/wiki/Konjo_language_(Bantu)" title="Konjo language (Bantu)">Konzo</a></li> <li>[J]D42 <a href="/wiki/Nande_language" title="Nande language">Ndandi</a></li> <li>[J]D43 <a href="/wiki/Nyanga_language" title="Nyanga language">Nyanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D51 <a href="/wiki/Hunde_language" title="Hunde language">Hunde</a></li> <li>[J]D52 <a href="/wiki/Havu_language" title="Havu language">Haavu</a></li> <li>[J]D53 <a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Nyabungu</a></li> <li>[J]D54 <a href="/wiki/Bembe_language_(Ibembe)" title="Bembe language (Ibembe)">Bembe</a></li> <li>[J]D55 <a href="/wiki/Buyu_language" title="Buyu language">Buyi</a></li> <li>[J]D56 <a href="/wiki/Kabwari_language" title="Kabwari language">Kabwari</a></li> <li>[JD501 <a href="/wiki/Shi_language" title="Shi language">Nyindu</a></li> <li>[J]JD502 <a href="/wiki/Yaka_language_(Kivu)" title="Yaka language (Kivu)">Yaka</a></li> <li>[J]JD531 <a href="/wiki/Tembo_(Kitembo)_language" title="Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]D60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]D61 <a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Ruanda</a></li> <li>[J]D62 <a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Rundi</a></li> <li>[J]D63 <a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Fuliiro</a></li> <li>[J]D64 <a href="/wiki/Subi_language" title="Subi language">Subi</a></li> <li>[J]D65 <a href="/wiki/Hangaza_language" title="Hangaza language">Hangaza</a></li> <li>[J]D66 <a href="/wiki/Ha_language" title="Ha language">Ha</a></li> <li>[J]D67 <a href="/wiki/Vinza_language" title="Vinza language">Vinza</a></li> <li>[JD631 <a href="/wiki/Fuliiru_language" title="Fuliiru language">Vira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E11 <a href="/wiki/Nyoro_language" title="Nyoro language">Nyoro</a></li> <li>[J]E12 <a href="/wiki/Tooro_language" title="Tooro language">Tooro</a></li> <li>[J]E13 <a href="/wiki/Nkore_language" title="Nkore language">Nyankore</a></li> <li>[J]E14 <a href="/wiki/Kiga_language" title="Kiga language">Ciga</a></li> <li>[J]E15 <a href="/wiki/Luganda" title="Luganda">Ganda</a></li> <li>[J]E16 <a href="/wiki/Soga_language" title="Soga language">Soga</a></li> <li>[J]E17 <a href="/wiki/Gwere_language" title="Gwere language">Gwere</a></li> <li>[J]E18 <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Nyala</a></li> <li>[JE101 <a href="/wiki/Gungu_language" title="Gungu language">Gungu</a></li> <li>JE102 <a href="/wiki/Talinga_language" title="Talinga language">Talinga-Bwisi</a></li> <li>JE103 <a href="/wiki/Ruuli_language" title="Ruuli language">Ruli</a></li> <li>JE121 <a href="/wiki/Hema_language" title="Hema language">Hema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E21 <a href="/wiki/Nyambo_language" title="Nyambo language">Nyambo</a></li> <li>[J]E22 <a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Ziba</a></li> <li>[J]E23 <a href="/wiki/Zinza_language" title="Zinza language">Dzindza</a></li> <li>[J]E24 <a href="/wiki/Kerewe_language" title="Kerewe language">Kerebe</a></li> <li>[J]E25 <a href="/wiki/Jita_language" title="Jita language">Jita</a></li> <li>[JE221 <a href="/wiki/Haya_language" title="Haya language">Rashi</a></li> <li>JE251 <a href="/wiki/Kwaya_language" title="Kwaya language">Kwaya</a></li> <li>JE252 <a href="/wiki/Kara_language_(Tanzania)" title="Kara language (Tanzania)">Kara</a></li> <li>JE253 <a href="/wiki/Kwaya_language" title="Kwaya language">Ruri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E31a <a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Gisu</a></li> <li>[J]E31b <a href="/wiki/Masaba_language" title="Masaba language">Kisu</a></li> <li>[J]E31c <a href="/wiki/Bukusu_dialect" title="Bukusu dialect">Bukusu</a></li> <li>[J]E32a <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Hanga</a></li> <li>[J]E32b <a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Tsotso</a></li> <li>[J]E33 <a href="/wiki/Nyole_language_(Kenya)" title="Nyole language (Kenya)">Nyore</a></li> <li>[J]E34 <a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Saamia</a></li> <li>[J]E35 <a href="/wiki/Nyole_language_(Uganda)" title="Nyole language (Uganda)">Nyuli</a></li> <li>[JE341 <a href="/wiki/Khayo_language" title="Khayo language">Xaayo</a></li> <li>JE342 <a href="/wiki/Marachi_language" title="Marachi language">Marachi</a></li> <li>JE343 <a href="/wiki/Samia_language" title="Samia language">Songa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]E40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]E41 <a href="/wiki/Logooli_language" title="Logooli language">Logooli</a></li> <li>[J]E42 <a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Gusii</a></li> <li>[J]E43 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Koria</a></li> <li>[J]E44 <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_language" title="Zanaki language">Zanaki</a></li> <li>[J]E45 <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_language" title="Ikoma language">Nata</a></li> <li>E46 <a href="/wiki/Sonjo_language" title="Sonjo language">Sonjo</a></li> <li>[JE401 <a href="/wiki/Ngoreme_language" title="Ngoreme language">Nguruimi</a></li> <li>JE402 <a href="/wiki/Ikizu_language" title="Ikizu language">Ikizu</a></li> <li>JE403 <a href="/wiki/Suba_language" title="Suba language">Suba</a>/<a href="/wiki/Suba-Simbiti_language" title="Suba-Simbiti language">Suba-Simbiti</a></li> <li>JE404 <a href="/wiki/Ikizu_language" title="Ikizu language">Shashi</a></li> <li>JE405 <a href="/wiki/Kabwa_language" title="Kabwa language">Kabwa</a></li> <li>JE406 <a href="/wiki/Singa_language" title="Singa language">Singa</a></li> <li>JE407 <a href="/wiki/Ware_language" title="Ware language">Ware</a></li> <li>JE411 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Idaxo</a></li> <li>JE412 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Isuxa</a></li> <li>JE413 <a href="/wiki/Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki_language" title="Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language">Tiriki</a></li> <li>JE431 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Simbiti</a></li> <li>JE432 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Hacha</a></li> <li>JE433 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Surwa</a></li> <li>JE434 <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Sweta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[J]F20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[J]F21 <a href="/wiki/Sukuma_language" title="Sukuma language">Sukuma</a></li> <li>[J]F22 <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_language" title="Nyamwezi language">Nyamwezi</a></li> <li>[J]F23 <a href="/wiki/Sumbwa_language" title="Sumbwa language">Sumbwa</a></li> <li>[J]F24 <a href="/wiki/Kimbu_language" title="Kimbu language">Kimbu</a></li> <li>[J]F25 <a href="/wiki/Bungu_language" title="Bungu language">Bungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone K</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K11 <a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a></li> <li>K12a <a href="/wiki/Luimbi_language" title="Luimbi language">Luimbi</a></li> <li>K12b <a href="/wiki/Luchazi" title="Luchazi">Nyemba</a></li> <li>K13 <a href="/wiki/Luchazi" title="Luchazi">Lucazi</a></li> <li>K14 <a href="/wiki/Luvale_language" title="Luvale language">Lwena</a></li> <li>K15 <a href="/wiki/Mbunda_language" title="Mbunda language">Mbunda</a></li> <li>K16 <a href="/wiki/Nyengo_language" title="Nyengo language">Nyengo</a></li> <li>K17 <a href="/wiki/Luchazi" title="Luchazi">Mbwela</a></li> <li>K18 <a href="/wiki/Mbunda_language" title="Mbunda language">Nkangala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K21 <a href="/wiki/Lozi_language" title="Lozi language">Lozi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K31 <a href="/wiki/Luyana_language" title="Luyana language">Luyana</a></li> <li>K32 <a href="/wiki/Mbowe_language" title="Mbowe language">Mbowe</a></li> <li>K33 <a href="/wiki/Kwangali_language" title="Kwangali language">Kwangali</a></li> <li>K34 <a href="/wiki/Mashi_language" title="Mashi language">Mashi</a></li> <li>K35 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Simaa</a></li> <li>K36 <a href="/wiki/Shanjo_language" title="Shanjo language">Sanjo</a></li> <li>K37 <a href="/wiki/Kwangwa_language" title="Kwangwa language">Kwangwa</a></li> <li>[K321 <a href="/wiki/Mbowe_language" title="Mbowe language">Mbume</a></li> <li>K322 <a href="/wiki/Mbowe_language" title="Mbowe language">Liyuwa</a></li> <li>K332 <a href="/wiki/Dciriku_language" title="Dciriku language">Manyo</a></li> <li>K333 <a href="/wiki/Mbukushu_language" title="Mbukushu language">Mbukushu</a></li> <li>K334 <a href="/wiki/Dciriku_language" title="Dciriku language">Mbogedu</a></li> <li>K351 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Mulonga</a></li> <li>K352 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Mwenyi</a></li> <li>K353 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Koma</a></li> <li>K354 <a href="/wiki/Simaa_language" title="Simaa language">Imilangu</a></li> <li>K371 <a href="/wiki/Kwangwa_language" title="Kwangwa language">Kwandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K41 <a href="/wiki/Totela_language" title="Totela language">Totela</a></li> <li>K42 <a href="/wiki/Kuhane_language" title="Kuhane language">Subiya</a></li> <li>[K402 <a href="/wiki/Fwe_language" title="Fwe language">Fwe</a></li> <li>K411 <a href="/wiki/Totela_language" title="Totela language">Totela of Namibia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L11 <a href="/wiki/Pende_language" title="Pende language">Pende</a></li> <li>L12 <a href="/wiki/Holu_language" title="Holu language">Samba</a> & <a href="/wiki/Holu_language" title="Holu language">Holu</a></li> <li>L13 <a href="/wiki/Kwese_language" title="Kwese language">Kwese</a></li> <li>[L101 <a href="/wiki/Sonde_language" title="Sonde language">Sonde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L21 <a href="/wiki/Kete_language" title="Kete language">Kete</a></li> <li>L22 <a href="/wiki/Binji_language" title="Binji language">Binji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lwalu_language" title="Lwalu language">Mbagani</a></li></ul></li> <li>L23 <a href="/wiki/Songe_language" title="Songe language">Songe</a></li> <li>L24 <a href="/wiki/Luna_language" title="Luna language">Luna</a></li> <li>[L201 <a href="/wiki/Budya_language" title="Budya language">Budya</a></li> <li>L202 <a href="/wiki/Hemba_language" title="Hemba language">Yazi</a></li> <li>L221 <a href="/wiki/Lwalu_language" title="Lwalu language">Lwalwa</a></li> <li>L231 <a href="/wiki/Binji_language" title="Binji language">Binji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L31a <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luba-Kasai</a></li> <li>L31b <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lulua</a></li> <li>L32 <a href="/wiki/Kanyok_language" title="Kanyok language">Kanyoka</a></li> <li>L33 <a href="/wiki/Luba-Katanga_language" title="Luba-Katanga language">Luba-Katanga</a></li> <li>L34 <a href="/wiki/Hemba_language" title="Hemba language">Hemba</a></li> <li>L35 <a href="/wiki/Sanga_language_(Bantu)" title="Sanga language (Bantu)">Sanga</a></li> <li>[L301 <a href="/wiki/Kebwe_language" title="Kebwe language">Kebwe</a></li> <li>L331 <a href="/wiki/Zela_language" title="Zela language">Zeela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L41 <a href="/wiki/Kaonde_language" title="Kaonde language">Kaonde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L51 <a href="/wiki/Salampasu_language" title="Salampasu language">Salampasu</a></li> <li>L52 <a href="/wiki/Lunda_language" title="Lunda language">Lunda</a></li> <li>L53 <a href="/wiki/Ruund_language" title="Ruund language">Ruund</a></li> <li>[L511 <a href="/wiki/Salampasu_language" title="Salampasu language">Luntu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>L61 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Mbwera</a></li> <li>L62 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Nkoya</a></li> <li>[L601 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Kolwe</a></li> <li>L602 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Lushangi</a></li> <li>L603 <a href="/wiki/Nkoya_language" title="Nkoya language">Shasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M11 <a href="/wiki/Pimbwe_language" title="Pimbwe language">Pimbwe</a></li> <li>M12 <a href="/wiki/Rungwa_language" title="Rungwa language">Rungwa</a></li> <li>M13 <a href="/wiki/Fipa_language" title="Fipa language">Fipa</a></li> <li>M14 <a href="/wiki/Mambwe-Lungu_language" title="Mambwe-Lungu language">Rungu</a></li> <li>M15 <a href="/wiki/Mambwe-Lungu_language" title="Mambwe-Lungu language">Mambwe</a></li> <li>[M131 <a href="/wiki/Fipa_language" title="Fipa language">Kuulwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M21 <a href="/wiki/Wanda_language" title="Wanda language">Wanda</a></li> <li>M22 <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_language" title="Mwanga language">Mwanga</a></li> <li>M23 <a href="/wiki/Nyiha_language" title="Nyiha language">Nyiha</a></li> <li>M24 <a href="/wiki/Malila_language" title="Malila language">Malila</a></li> <li>M25 <a href="/wiki/Safwa_language" title="Safwa language">Safwa</a></li> <li>M26 <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_language" title="Mwanga language">Iwa</a></li> <li>M27 <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_language" title="Mwanga language">Tambo</a></li> <li>[M201 <a href="/wiki/Lambya_language" title="Lambya language">Lambya</a></li> <li>M202 <a href="/wiki/Lambya_language" title="Lambya language">Sukwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M31 <a href="/wiki/Nyakyusa_language" title="Nyakyusa language">Nyakyusa</a></li> <li>[M301 <a href="/wiki/Ndali_language" title="Ndali language">Ndali</a></li> <li>M302 <a href="/wiki/Penja_language" title="Penja language">Penja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M41 <a href="/wiki/Taabwa_language" title="Taabwa language">Taabwa</a></li> <li>M42 <a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a></li> <li>[M401 <a href="/wiki/Bwile_language" title="Bwile language">Bwile</a></li> <li>M402 <a href="/wiki/Aushi_language" title="Aushi language">Aushi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M51 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Biisa</a></li> <li>M52 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Lala</a></li> <li>M53 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Swaka</a></li> <li>M54 <a href="/wiki/Lamba_language" title="Lamba language">Lamba</a></li> <li>M55 <a href="/wiki/Seba_language" title="Seba language">Seba</a></li> <li>[M521 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Ambo</a></li> <li>M522 <a href="/wiki/Lala-Bisa_language" title="Lala-Bisa language">Luano</a></li> <li>M541 <a href="/wiki/Lamba_language" title="Lamba language">Lima</a></li> <li>M542 <a href="/wiki/Lamba_language" title="Lamba language">Temba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M61 <a href="/wiki/Lenje_language" title="Lenje language">Lenje</a></li> <li>M62 <a href="/wiki/Soli_language" title="Soli language">Soli</a></li> <li>M63 <a href="/wiki/Ila_language" title="Ila language">Ila</a></li> <li>M64 <a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a></li> <li>[M611 <a href="/wiki/Lenje_language" title="Lenje language">Lukanga Twa</a></li> <li>M631 <a href="/wiki/Ila_language" title="Ila language">Sala</a></li> <li>M632 <a href="/wiki/Ila_language" title="Ila language">Lundwe</a></li> <li>M633 <a href="/wiki/Kafwe_Twa" title="Kafwe Twa">Kafue Twa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_A%E2%80%93B)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_C%E2%80%93D)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_E%E2%80%93H)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_J%E2%80%93M)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N%E2%80%93S)" title="Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)">Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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