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[glossary_exclude]systems (woodlands, companies, civilisations,[/glossary_exclude] Gaia .u00a0.u00a0.).rnrn[glossary_exclude]These can be understood as inhabiting the space defined by two variables or dimensions:rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Potential</em>: a measure of the richness of the system, in the sense of being able to make interesting things happenu2014the quantity and[/glossary_exclude] diversity [glossary_exclude]of plant and animal life in an[/glossary_exclude] ecosystem; [glossary_exclude]the friendships,[/glossary_exclude] trust and social capital [glossary_exclude]sustained in a society; the[/glossary_exclude] skills a[glossary_exclude]nd accomplishments of a[/glossary_exclude] political economy .u00a0.u00a0.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Connectedness</em>: [glossary_exclude]the extent and strength of the linkages between different parts of the system, which influence or govern how they respond to events.</p>rnAs you can imagine, these two properties relate positively to each other: the more connected the system is, the greater its potential, and greater potential opens the way to more fully-developed connections.rnrnBut there are limits to this progress. As a systemu2019s potential grows, so does the cost of keeping the whole thing going: for instance, it needs more inputs, it produces more[/glossary_exclude] waste, [glossary_exclude]and it becomes a more tempting prey for enemies. And as connectedness grows, the system eventually starts to become less flexible, slower to respond, less locally inventive, more u201ctightly coupledu201d. There is now the risk that, when trouble occurs, it will ripple through the whole system.rnrnThe pioneers of[/glossary_exclude] resilience thinking, [glossary_exclude]C.S. Holling, Lance Gunderson and colleagues, put all this together for us in a story about four phases in the life, or u2018adaptive cycleu2019, of a system. This story can be summarised by an illustration in the shape of skewed infinityu2014redrawn here as a Mu00f6bius stripu2014and its explanation:<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w16/"><sup>W16</sup></a>rnrn<img class=" wp-image-302 aligncenter" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-01-Wheel.jpg" alt="" width="423" height="272" />rnrn<em>The fore loop</em> (the larger one in the diagram, moving up and to the right)rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">1. <em>Exploitation</em>: early entrants make use of the wealth of opportunity in their environment to multiply. Most fail, not least because they are poorly-connected individuals facing a dangerous world on their own, but some may eventually build a system with potential and connectedness. This is known as the r phase: r has for many years been used as a label for the rate of growth of the population of an ecology (example of phase: young trees).<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w17"><sup>W17</sup></a></p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">2. <em>Conservation</em>: the system persists in its mature form, with the benefit of a complex structure of connections, strong enough now to resist challenges for a long time, but with the weakness that the connections themselves introduce an element of rigidity, slowing down its reactions and reducing its inventiveness. This is the K phase, where the ecology reaches its carrying capacity (example: mature trees).<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w18/"><sup>W18</sup></a> In due course, however, the tight connections themselves become a decisive problem, which can only be resolved by .u00a0.u00a0.</p>rn<em>The back loop</em> (moving from bottom-right to top-left in the diagram)rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">3. .u00a0.u00a0. <em>release</em>: at this point, the cost and[/glossary_exclude] complication [glossary_exclude]of maintaining the[/glossary_exclude] large scaleu2014[glossary_exclude]providing the resources the system needs, and disposing of its wasteu2014becomes too great. The space and flexibility for local responsiveness had become scarce, the system itself so tightly connected that it locked: a target for predators without and within, against which it found it harder and harder to defend itself. But now the stresses join up, and the system collapses (example: dying trees). This is the omega (u03a9) phase, as suggested by Holling and Gunderson, and it is placed by them in its ecological context:</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 60px;">The tightly bound accumulation of biomass and nutrients becomes increasingly fragile (overconnected, in systems terms) until it is suddenly released by agents such as forest fires, droughts, insect pests, or intense pulses of grazing.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w19/"><sup>W19</sup></a></p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">4. <em>Reorganisation</em>: the remains of a system after collapse are unpromising material on which to start afresh, and yet they are an opportunity for a different kind of system to enjoy a brief floweringu2014decomposing the wood of a former forest, recycling the carbon after a fire, restoring the land with forgiving grass, clearing away the assumptions and grandeur of the previous regime. Reorganisation becomes a busy system in its own right (example: rotting trees). This is the alpha (u03b1) phase.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w20/"><sup>W20</sup></a></p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">In this phase, there is a persistent process of disconnecting, with the former subsidiary parts of the system[/glossary_exclude] (holons) [glossary_exclude]being broken up. But our diagram is drawn on a graph of potential (increasing from bottom to top) and connectedness (increasing from left to right), which allows us to note a curious aspect of this back loop: the defining relationship of the fore loopu2014where <em>more</em> potential is correlated with <em>more</em> connectednessu2014is reversed. In the back loop (even) <em>less</em> connectedness goes with <em>more</em> potential. How can this be?</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Well, potential can be the product of sharply-developed, well-connected structures: in the confident prime of life of Rome, with its army, its institutions, its transport networks and its wealth, who could tell what astonishing things they might produce? (That is, high connectedness goes with high potential).</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">However, potential is <em>also</em> the product of a system which is starting all over again. Where a forest has just burned, not much can grow there, but soon the charred tree trunks rot down: the land is weak on charisma, strong on potential. Grass and flowers flourish; it is now ready for anything. (That is, low connectedness goes with high potential).</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">And this is how Holling and Gunderson explain it from the point of view of[/glossary_exclude] natural [glossary_exclude]systems: during the conservation phase, the systemu2019s connectedness increases, until .u00a0.u00a0.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 60px;">[t]he resources sequestered in vegetation and soil are .u00a0.u00a0. suddenly released and the tight organisation is lost .u00a0.u00a0. so that the potential for other uses re-emerges.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w21/"><sup>W21</sup></a></p>rnThese four sequential stages take us through the life-cycle of a system, and show us two periods during which the system is particularly[/glossary_exclude] resilient [glossary_exclude]to shocks. One of these is in the later stages of exploitation, when the systemu2019s potential and connectedness are both well developed, but before the rigidities have set in. The other is in the reorganisation phase, when the remains of complex structures are broken down into a form that can be used in the next phaseu2014since there is not much structure and connectedness here in the first place, little damage can be done even by large shocks. Also note the u201cxu201d indicated in the bottom left of the diagram; this is u201cthe stage where the potential can leak away and where a flip into a less productive and organized system is most likelyu201d.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w22/"><sup>W22</sup></a>rnrn&nbsp;rnrn<div class="ll_anchor"><a id="What-has-this-got-to-do-with-us"></a>ttt<span class="ctc-inline-copy " aria-label="Copied">rntttt<span class="ctc-inline-copy-text ">What has this got to do with us?</span>rntttt<textarea style="display: none;" class="ctc-inline-copy-textarea" readonly="readonly">https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/#What-has-this-got-to-do-with-us</textarea>rntttt<span class="ctc-inline-copy-icon" role="button" aria-label="Copied">rnttttt<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" class="copy-icon" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg>ttttt<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="check-icon" fill="currentColor"><path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg>tttt</span>rnttt</span>rnttt</div>rnrnIt is the first of these two resilient stagesu2014where a functioning complex system has a lot to lose, and needs all the resilience it can getu2014which is the stage that matters urgently to our society, now. rnrnThe point on the diagram where we now stand is the one near the later stages of conservation, the K phase in which a mature tree lives. What is in prospect is the next stage in the cycleu2014releaseu2014where our tree falls to the ground, with the further prospect of break-up and reorganisation into a different system; into an utterly different world.rnrnIt is not unreasonable for us to want to postpone this development. Nor is it unreasonable to consider whether there is a way of going with the flowu2014that is, doing the right things in a systems-literate way to somehow extend the life of the cycle that really matters to usu2014the one we happen to be on. Can this be done?rnrnWell, to answer this, let us first unpack the cycle a bit. It is helpful in fact to identify <em>six</em> stages in the cycleu2014to make this explicit, here is a simplified version of the adaptive cycle, just to clarify the point. It is drawn here as a hexagon (we lose the logic of the reorganisation but it makes this part of the sequence more intuitive and easier to follow):<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w23/"><sup>W23</sup></a>rnrn<img class=" wp-image-308 aligncenter" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-02-Wheel-1.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="540" />rnrn&nbsp;rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">1. <em>Exploitation</em> (or <em>Renewal</em>). Here we have the phase of pioneers, working by trial-and-error, evolving as organisms and raising their[/glossary_exclude] productivity, [glossary_exclude]but in most cases failing to get very far, because they lack[/glossary_exclude] connectedness: [glossary_exclude]they are not embedded in rich ecosystems which protect them, join them up in alliances and[/glossary_exclude] reciprocities [glossary_exclude]and extend the length of their natural life-cycle from days to years. Nevertheless, some do survive and begin to join up with others into a system.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">2. <em>Reconnection and growth</em>. This is the systemu2019s glad confident morning. It forges connections and grows in size and complexity; complex organisms inhabit it. There is a chain of stimulus and inspiration between one success and the next, and it becomes resilient, able to duck-and-weave, to recover in response to stresses.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">3. <em>Conservation</em> (or <em>consolidation</em>). The system now extends, elaborates and reinforces its connections. In the case of a[/glossary_exclude] civic society, there is intensification as the intermediate economy [glossary_exclude]and its infrastructures develop: the burden of[/glossary_exclude] transport, law and order, waste management [glossary_exclude]and the restu2014huge commitments which nobody wants for their own sake, but which are a necessary support structure for the large-scale. There is also growing regulation, imposed in support of the institutions which emerge as civic society becomes less diverse, requiring more coordination from the centre. There is consolidation: nothing (or nothing significant) can move without a lot of other things having to move at the same time. Problems spread at speed. There is top-down control, a loss of flexibility and[/glossary_exclude] imagination, [glossary_exclude]a loss of resilience.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">And, perversely, the conventional responses to this phase seem to be devoted to the cause of making the system, in its hour of need, even less resilient. As the systems scientists Brian Walker and David Salt note, solutions are sought in standardisation and efficiency improvements, in increasingly centralised command-and-control and in tighter insistence on process, rules and proceduresu2014that is, in stamping out any new vision, experiment and self-reliance, and in further elaborating expensive procedures standing in the way of getting things done.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The problem is the large scale, rigidity and[/glossary_exclude] complication; [glossary_exclude]the solution is seen as even larger scale, greater rigidity and further complicationu2014a classic case of the amplifying[/glossary_exclude] feedback typical of a complicated [glossary_exclude]system in trouble.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w24/"><sup>W24</sup></a> Fortunately, these mainstream solutions do not attract a consensus. There are some[/glossary_exclude] harmless lunatics [glossary_exclude]who think differently[/glossary_exclude].</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">[glossary_exclude]And this is where we are nowu2014some way along the horizontal line labelled as the Conservation stage. We may wonder what lies ahead, and consider radical responses. Some people call this attitude[/glossary_exclude] u201cgreenu201d.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w25/"><sup>W25</sup></a></p>rn[glossary_exclude]rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">4. <em>Release</em>. The more rigid the system becomes in trying to postpone the shock, and the longer it is postponed, the more catastrophic it will eventually be. The systemu2019s potential falls away; inflexible and complicated, it cannot defend itself. The big intermediate structures, still intact but not functioning, are a burden on the system, hastening its collapse.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">5. <em>Break-up</em>. Now the connected system degenerates; its productivity falls to zero.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">6. <em>Reorganisation</em>. This is the compost stage. The remains of the systemu2019s connected structure finally rot down, perhaps becoming rich with potential to eventually regenerate into a new system.</p>rnIs the sequence inevitable? To answer this we need to think about time, and about the networks of parts (or[/glossary_exclude] holons), [glossary_exclude]that make up any system. If these parts, each complete and functional in their own rightu2014systems-within-systemsu2014are to be useful to the larger system, they will vary in size, they will do different things in different ways; they will have the freedom to experiment, to repair and recover, to adapt and evolve. In a healthy system, each holon is able to operate at its own pace, according to its own clock. It is protected from above by the larger, slower-moving system to which it belongs; it is stimulated by, and responds to, the smaller, faster, shorter cycles of innovation and response of the holons lower down.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w26/"><sup>W26</sup></a>rnrnHere is an example of the faster reaction times of a subsystem relative to the large, slow-moving system to which it belongs: tropical forests have evolved such a thick canopy of leaves that it is hard for seedlings on the ground to get enough light to survive. The seed-holon has, therefore, comparatively recently, evolved a response in the form of very large seeds. These contain enough nutrients for the seed to grow despite being deprived of light and nibbled at by curious animals like tapirs, which eat the surrounding fruit and, in the process, spread the seeds around. The earlier seeding systems which depended on abundant light died, and gave way to systems that could cope with the deep gloom of the forest floor. This life-and-death flexibilityu2014the rapid regeneration-responseu2014of the subsystem enables the large system, the forest, to go on and on.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w27/"><sup>W27</sup></a>rnrnAnother example of a subsystemu2014a villageu2014can be flexible in its own life, economy and society. In place of the sophisticated preoccupations of the city, it may be able to hang on to the realities of life and nature even if urban civic society cannot. Subsystems (the smaller hexagons in this second diagram) can come and go, adapt quickly, or die and reinvent themselvesu2014they can go with the flow of trial-and-error, life-and-death. These are the strategies of <em>recovery-elastic resilience</em>, the ability to bounce back (see shaded sidebar below).<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w28/"><sup>W28</sup></a>rnrn<img class=" wp-image-306 aligncenter" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-03-Wheel.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="452" />rnrn&nbsp;rnrnThe subsystem has greater flexibility to quickly explore these strategies because, in addition to the large relative surface area enjoyed by[/glossary_exclude] small-scale [glossary_exclude]systems, it is operating on a shorter life-cycle than the overall system. And when repeated many times by many parts of the system, this series of small-scale new beginnings can provide a community or civilisation with constantly-renewing resilience. <em>The more flexible its subsystems, the longer the expected life of the system as a whole</em>.[/glossary_exclude]rnrn[glossary_exclude]Such recovery-elastic resilience depends on the systemu2019s[/glossary_exclude] holons/subsystems/communities [glossary_exclude]having four key properties:rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">They must have substantial independence (weak interdependence), so that the system as a whole is[/glossary_exclude] <em>modular</em>.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">[glossary_exclude]They must develop characteristics and behaviour in response to local conditions. Some of those responses will be unsuccessfulu2014and[/glossary_exclude] death w[glossary_exclude]ill followu2014but the variety makes it likely that other responses by other holons (e.g., villages) will do better. This gives the system as a whole[/glossary_exclude] <em>textural-diversity</em>.</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">[glossary_exclude]It follows, in turn, that there must be some[/glossary_exclude] <em>slack</em> [glossary_exclude]in the holons, capable of being brought into play when needed, and allowing damage to be sustained at the periphery without destroying the core.[/glossary_exclude]</p>rn<p style="padding-left: 30px;">[glossary_exclude]And there will need to be alert[/glossary_exclude] <em>feedback</em>u2014[glossary_exclude]that is, the parts must be able to observe and respond quickly to events, not waiting for reassurance and permission from the centre[/glossary_exclude].</p>rn[glossary_exclude]A system which has this resilience, enabling its local subsystems to go into shock and live out their life-cycles on timescales shorter than that of the larger system, has a chance of enduringu2014of attaching an achievable meaning to u201cthe Wheel of Lifeu201d.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w29/"><sup>W29</sup></a>rn<table border="1" cellpadding="40">rn<tbody>rn<tr>rn<td>rn<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">[/glossary_exclude] RECOVERY-ELASTIC RESILIENCE [glossary_exclude]</span>rnThe strategies</p>rn&nbsp;rnrn1. [/glossary_exclude] <strong>Sacrifice-and-succession</strong>:[glossary_exclude] although some parts of the system fail, others take their place.rnrn2. <strong>New phase</strong>: the system takes a different form for a time.rnrn3. <strong>Elasticity</strong>: the system goes with the flow of change without suffering profound harm.rnrn4. <strong>Resistance</strong>: it is robustu2014able to endure substantial shocks without suffering harm.rnrn5. <strong>Opportunism</strong>: it uses the shock as an opportunityu2014to scavenge or to take advantage of weaknesses elsewhere in the system.rnrn6. [/glossary_exclude] <strong>Elegance</strong>: [glossary_exclude]the system has minimum baggage, and little to lose; it reacts quickly.</td>rn</tr>rn</tbody>rn</table>rn&nbsp;rnrnIn other words, what we have here, in principle, is a way of extending the life of a large-scale system indefinitely by enabling the ravages of time (the whole life-cycle from birth to death to birth) to take place with respect to the systemu2019s parts, or holons; the system as a whole is thereby constantly renewed. As the[/glossary_exclude] System Scale Rule [glossary_exclude]reminds us, large-scale problems do not require large-scale solutions; they require small-scale solutions within this kind of large-scale framework.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w30/"><sup>W30</sup></a>rnrnAnd that is precisely what happens in every living creature; all its parts are in a constant state of[/glossary_exclude] recovery-elastic resilience, [glossary_exclude]extending the life of their host system, if not indefinitely, at least for much longer than their own lives.rnrnThe problem with the[/glossary_exclude] large-scale civic society is that the cost of connecting [glossary_exclude]itself up is a rigidity which stops a critical part of this processu2014the delegation of life-and-deathu2014in its tracks, condemning the society as a whole to lumber into the death-stage, big time.rnrnIndependent local[/glossary_exclude] lean economies [glossary_exclude]are a means of restoring the systemu2019s immortality, or at least its longevity. But whether they actually succeed in doing this depends on how independent they are, how local, how alert, how quick, how diverse and how flexible. It may be too late to achieve a rapid transition into the modular structure of self-reliant, independent groups which is the foundation for resilience. It is not too late to try.[/glossary_exclude]rnrn&nbsp;rnrn<strong>Related entries</strong>:rnrnEcology: Farmers and Hunters, Resilience, Systems Thinking, Gaia.","accessMode":"textual, visual","url":"https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/"}</script> <style type="text/css"> .feedzy-rss-link-icon:after { content: url("https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/plugins/feedzy-rss-feeds/img/external-link.png"); margin-left: 3px; } </style> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon.ico"> <meta 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class="post-1304 glossary type-glossary status-publish hentry" id="post-1304">    <div class="single_post_content has_share_pos_after">    <h1 class="postitle entry-title" >Wheel of Life, The</h1>   <div class="single_metainfo ">  <i class="fa-user"></i> <a class="vcard author post-author" href="https://leanlogic.online/author/matthew/" ><span class='fn author' >David Fleming</span></a>  <i class="fa-comments-o"></i><div class="meta_comm"><a href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/#respond">0 Comment</a></div>  <i class="fa-th-list"></i><div class="catag_list" ></div> </div>   <div class="share_foot share_pos_after "> <div class="share_this social_square"> <div class="social_buttons"> <span class="share_label">Share This</span> <div class="lgn_fb"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/&amp;t=Wheel+of+Life%2C+The" title="Share this on Facebook"><i class="fa-facebook"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_twt"> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/&text=Wheel%20of%20Life%2C%20The" title="Tweet This"><i class="fa-twitter"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_pin"> <a target="_blank" title="Pin This" href='https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/&media=https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-01-Wheel.jpg'><i class="fa-pinterest"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_linkedin"> <a target="_blank" title="Share this on Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/&title=Wheel+of+Life%2C+The"><i class="fa-linkedin"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_stmbl"> <a target="_blank" title="Stumble This" href="https://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/&title=Wheel+of+Life%2C+The"><i class="fa fa-stumbleupon"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_digg"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.digg.com/submit?url=https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/&amp;title=Wheel+of+Life%2C+The" title="Digg This"><i class="fa fa-digg"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_email"> <a target="_blank" onclick="window.location.href='mailto:?subject='+document.title+'&body='+escape(window.location.href);" title="Email This"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a> </div> <div class="lgn_print"> <a target="_blank" onclick="window.print();" title="Print This Page"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="thn_post_wrap" > <div class="glossary-item-audio"></div><p>A way of thinking about the life-cycle of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Complexity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The property of a system consisting of many complementary tasks carried out by highly specialised parts, which are joined up in networks of information, control and distribution.&lt;sup&gt;C238&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each part of a complex system depends on most, or all, of the other parts being in good working order at all times and providing them with the reciprocal services they need. This means that a complex system is vulnerable to shock. If something goes wrong, it is in trouble. It has poor recovery-elastic resilience, but it compensates for this by having well-developed preventive resilience: it is good at keeping(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/complexity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">complex</a> systems (woodlands, companies, civilisations, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Gaia</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The idea of planet Earth as a resilient ecological system, able to maintain its environment in a state consistent with its needs.&lt;br /&gt;In the early 1970s, the scientist James Lovelock suggested that the planet’s living ecology regulates its atmosphere and temperature to shape the conditions it lives in. It does not merely adapt to change; it influences change. It makes its planet inhabitable. At the suggestion of the novelist William Golding, Lovelock named this phenomenon after the Greek goddess of Earth, Gaia.&lt;sup&gt;G1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though ridiculed at first, Lovelock began to give it substance as a theoretical(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/gaia/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Gaia</a> . . .).</p> <p>These can be understood as inhabiting the space defined by two variables or dimensions:</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Potential</em>: a measure of the richness of the system, in the sense of being able to make interesting things happen—the quantity and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Diversity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Variations between the parts of a system.&lt;br /&gt;We can think of diversity as coming in two important forms:&lt;br /&gt;First, there is strong diversity (or ‘structural diversity’). This is the diversity of the parts which carry out specialist roles within a complex system, such as the radically different—but strongly-connected—organs within the body of an animal.&lt;br /&gt;Secondly, there is the weak diversity (or ‘textural diversity’) within a modular system. Its parts are similar to each other and only loosely interdependent, but the small variations may still be necessary for it to function.&lt;br /&gt;Examples of weak(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/diversity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">diversity</a> of plant and animal life in an <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Ecosystem</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Ecological System.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/ecosystem/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">ecosystem</a>; the friendships, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Trust</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Trust is confidence that an obligation, explicit or implied, will be honoured. The motivation for keeping faith in this way is varied. It may be love, or a promise, or commitment to a professional standard, or a matter of going along with the purpose of the institution to which you belong. In &lt;em&gt;Lean Logic&lt;/em&gt;, trust is a condition for the web of reciprocal obligation which builds community, and for the relationship between a nation and its people.&lt;br /&gt;And it is a critical capital asset, distinct from the other forms of capital; it is both producer and product of social capital. It is a necessary(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/trust/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">trust</a> and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Social Capital</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The social capital of a community is its social life—the links of cooperation and friendship between its members. It is the institutions, the common culture and ceremony, the good faith and reciprocal obligations, the civility and citizenship, the play, humour and conversation which make a living community. Social capital is the ecosystem in which a culture lives.&lt;br /&gt;Imagine a society which shares an inheritance of stories and poems which have grown out of its own story and experience; imagine that it consists of neighbourhoods where the adults know each other, where they meet often, where(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/social-capital/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">social capital</a> sustained in a society; the <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Skills</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Manual Skills.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/skills/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">skills</a> and accomplishments of a <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Political Economy</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Society in the broad sense. Despite many differences of emphasis, economics was once understood in this way, as including the whole range of society, politics and economy.&lt;br /&gt;That understanding held in the period roughly between the publication of a coherent theory of value (based on labour) by Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746), Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow, and the launch in 1891 of the narrower interpretation of &quot;positive economics” by John Neville Keynes (1852–1949). Before that period, economics had been discussed as a question of moral philosophy; after it, economics became(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/political-economy/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">political economy</a> . . .</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Connectedness</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The extent to which the parts of a system are joined up in links of reciprocity, dependency and/or control.&lt;br /&gt;In a complex system there is a tautly connected network of exchange of information, instructions, control and stimulus—of oxygen, water, sugars, adrenaline and endorphins, or of food, goods and services, or of weapons and reinforcements. These lines of communication are key to the competence of the complex system, but they also make it vulnerable because they are costly to maintain; they can be destroyed, are hard to repair, and a breakage in just one of them can be enough to(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/connectedness/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Connectedness</a></em>: the extent and strength of the linkages between different parts of the system, which influence or govern how they respond to events.</p> <p>As you can imagine, these two properties relate positively to each other: the more connected the system is, the greater its potential, and greater potential opens the way to more fully-developed connections.</p> <p>But there are limits to this progress. As a system’s potential grows, so does the cost of keeping the whole thing going: for instance, it needs more inputs, it produces more <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Waste</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>(1) Material available for use by another part of the system, or by a different system in a closed-loop arrangement.&lt;br /&gt;(2) Material discarded by a system as a means of preventing surplus which could produce unwanted growth (Intentional Waste).&lt;br /&gt;(3) Material abandoned and made unavailable to the system (and to its neighbours and wider ecological setting), which will in due course destroy it. The product of an open-loop arrangement formed by excessive scale.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related entries&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Needs and Wants, Lean Materials, Pollution, Sorting Problem.</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/waste/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">waste</a>, and it becomes a more tempting prey for enemies. And as connectedness grows, the system eventually starts to become less flexible, slower to respond, less locally inventive, more “tightly coupled”. There is now the risk that, when trouble occurs, it will ripple through the whole system.</p> <p>The pioneers of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Resilience</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The ability of a system to cope with shock.&lt;br /&gt;That will do, perhaps, as a short definition. But this is a case where we need to know more, so here is a more considered way of looking at it. Resilience is . . . &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganise while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks.&lt;sup&gt;R45&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; There is nothing wrong with that except that it can still leave you wondering what resilience is really about, so here is another way of coming at it. Think of a shallow lake whose water is kept clear by the(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/resilience/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">resilience</a> thinking, C.S. Holling, Lance Gunderson and colleagues, put all this together for us in a story about four phases in the life, or ‘adaptive cycle’, of a system. This story can be summarised by an illustration in the shape of skewed infinity—redrawn here as a Möbius strip—and its explanation:<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w16/"><sup>W16</sup></a></p> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-302 aligncenter" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-01-Wheel.jpg" alt="" width="423" height="272" srcset="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-01-Wheel.jpg 755w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-01-Wheel-600x385.jpg 600w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-01-Wheel-300x193.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px" /></p> <p><em>The fore loop</em> (the larger one in the diagram, moving up and to the right)</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">1. <em>Exploitation</em>: early entrants make use of the wealth of opportunity in their environment to multiply. Most fail, not least because they are poorly-connected individuals facing a dangerous world on their own, but some may eventually build a system with potential and connectedness. This is known as the r phase: r has for many years been used as a label for the rate of growth of the population of an ecology (example of phase: young trees).<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w17"><sup>W17</sup></a></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">2. <em>Conservation</em>: the system persists in its mature form, with the benefit of a complex structure of connections, strong enough now to resist challenges for a long time, but with the weakness that the connections themselves introduce an element of rigidity, slowing down its reactions and reducing its inventiveness. This is the K phase, where the ecology reaches its carrying capacity (example: mature trees).<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w18/"><sup>W18</sup></a> In due course, however, the tight connections themselves become a decisive problem, which can only be resolved by . . .</p> <p><em>The back loop</em> (moving from bottom-right to top-left in the diagram)</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">3. . . . <em>release</em>: at this point, the cost and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Complexity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The property of a system consisting of many complementary tasks carried out by highly specialised parts, which are joined up in networks of information, control and distribution.&lt;sup&gt;C238&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each part of a complex system depends on most, or all, of the other parts being in good working order at all times and providing them with the reciprocal services they need. This means that a complex system is vulnerable to shock. If something goes wrong, it is in trouble. It has poor recovery-elastic resilience, but it compensates for this by having well-developed preventive resilience: it is good at keeping(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/complexity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">complication</a> of maintaining the <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Large Scale</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Scale.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/large-scale/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">large</a> scale—providing the resources the system needs, and disposing of its waste—becomes too great. The space and flexibility for local responsiveness had become scarce, the system itself so tightly connected that it locked: a target for predators without and within, against which it found it harder and harder to defend itself. But now the stresses join up, and the system collapses (example: dying trees). This is the omega (Ω) phase, as suggested by Holling and Gunderson, and it is placed by them in its ecological context:</p> <p style="padding-left: 60px;">The tightly bound accumulation of biomass and nutrients becomes increasingly fragile (overconnected, in systems terms) until it is suddenly released by agents such as forest fires, droughts, insect pests, or intense pulses of grazing.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w19/"><sup>W19</sup></a></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">4. <em>Reorganisation</em>: the remains of a system after collapse are unpromising material on which to start afresh, and yet they are an opportunity for a different kind of system to enjoy a brief flowering—decomposing the wood of a former forest, recycling the carbon after a fire, restoring the land with forgiving grass, clearing away the assumptions and grandeur of the previous regime. Reorganisation becomes a busy system in its own right (example: rotting trees). This is the alpha (α) phase.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w20/"><sup>W20</sup></a></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">In this phase, there is a persistent process of disconnecting, with the former subsidiary parts of the system (<a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Holon</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A part, or subsystem, or subassembly, of a system. Every system consists of holons.&lt;br /&gt;Other names—orgs, integrons—have been suggested for them; holon is the name coined by Arthur Koestler. It comes from the Greek &lt;em&gt;holos&lt;/em&gt; (whole), with the suffix -&lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; (as in neutron), which suggests particle or part.&lt;sup&gt;H23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Local communities are holons within the wider system of society, for example, and the modularity which underpins recovery-elastic resilience comprises diverse, independent holons. Holons have the characteristic property of &quot;facing both ways”: they are complete in themselves and have substantial(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/holon/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">holons</a>) being broken up. But our diagram is drawn on a graph of potential (increasing from bottom to top) and connectedness (increasing from left to right), which allows us to note a curious aspect of this back loop: the defining relationship of the fore loop—where <em>more</em> potential is correlated with <em>more</em> connectedness—is reversed. In the back loop (even) <em>less</em> connectedness goes with <em>more</em> potential. How can this be?</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">Well, potential can be the product of sharply-developed, well-connected structures: in the confident prime of life of Rome, with its army, its institutions, its transport networks and its wealth, who could tell what astonishing things they might produce? (That is, high connectedness goes with high potential).</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">However, potential is <em>also</em> the product of a system which is starting all over again. Where a forest has just burned, not much can grow there, but soon the charred tree trunks rot down: the land is weak on charisma, strong on potential. Grass and flowers flourish; it is now ready for anything. (That is, low connectedness goes with high potential).</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">And this is how Holling and Gunderson explain it from the point of view of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Natural System</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Ecological System.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/natural-system/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">natural</a> systems: during the conservation phase, the system’s connectedness increases, until . . .</p> <p style="padding-left: 60px;">[t]he resources sequestered in vegetation and soil are . . . suddenly released and the tight organisation is lost . . . so that the potential for other uses re-emerges.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w21/"><sup>W21</sup></a></p> <p>These four sequential stages take us through the life-cycle of a system, and show us two periods during which the system is particularly resilient to shocks. One of these is in the later stages of exploitation, when the system’s potential and connectedness are both well developed, but before the rigidities have set in. The other is in the reorganisation phase, when the remains of complex structures are broken down into a form that can be used in the next phase—since there is not much structure and connectedness here in the first place, little damage can be done even by large shocks. Also note the “x” indicated in the bottom left of the diagram; this is “the stage where the potential can leak away and where a flip into a less productive and organized system is most likely”.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w22/"><sup>W22</sup></a></p> <p> </p> <div class="ll_anchor"><a id="What-has-this-got-to-do-with-us"></a> <span class="ctc-inline-copy " aria-label="Copied"> <span class="ctc-inline-copy-text ">What has this got to do with us?</span> <textarea style="display: none;" class="ctc-inline-copy-textarea" readonly="readonly">https://leanlogic.online/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/#What-has-this-got-to-do-with-us</textarea> <span class="ctc-inline-copy-icon" role="button" aria-label="Copied"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" class="copy-icon" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="check-icon" fill="currentColor"><path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg> </span> </span> </div> <p>It is the first of these two resilient stages—where a functioning complex system has a lot to lose, and needs all the resilience it can get—which is the stage that matters urgently to our society, now. </p> <p>The point on the diagram where we now stand is the one near the later stages of conservation, the K phase in which a mature tree lives. What is in prospect is the next stage in the cycle—release—where our tree falls to the ground, with the further prospect of break-up and reorganisation into a different system; into an utterly different world.</p> <p>It is not unreasonable for us to want to postpone this development. Nor is it unreasonable to consider whether there is a way of going with the flow—that is, doing the right things in a systems-literate way to somehow extend the life of the cycle that really matters to us—the one we happen to be on. Can this be done?</p> <p>Well, to answer this, let us first unpack the cycle a bit. It is helpful in fact to identify <em>six</em> stages in the cycle—to make this explicit, here is a simplified version of the adaptive cycle, just to clarify the point. It is drawn here as a hexagon (we lose the logic of the reorganisation but it makes this part of the sequence more intuitive and easier to follow):<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w23/"><sup>W23</sup></a></p> <p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-308 aligncenter" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-02-Wheel-1.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="540" srcset="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-02-Wheel-1.jpg 562w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-02-Wheel-1-250x300.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px" /></p> <p> </p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">1. <em>Exploitation</em> (or <em>Renewal</em>). Here we have the phase of pioneers, working by trial-and-error, evolving as organisms and raising their <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Productivity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>(1) What you get back from a task for the work you put into it. That is: input × productivity = output. &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;Input usually refers to labour, but it could equally well be capital, land, or energy. Or environmental impact (eco-efficiency). For example, the &lt;em&gt;labour-productivity&lt;/em&gt; of industrial agriculture is high; its &lt;em&gt;land-productivity&lt;/em&gt; is not so high; its &lt;em&gt;energy-productivity&lt;/em&gt; is low.&lt;/p&gt; (2) The extent to which a system produces interesting, diverse, life-enhancing results: friendships, trust, inventiveness, the arts, social and cultural capital. &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;Productivity can be seen and admired in a rock pool,(...)&lt;/p&gt;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/productivity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">productivity</a>, but in most cases failing to get very far, because they lack <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Connectedness</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The extent to which the parts of a system are joined up in links of reciprocity, dependency and/or control.&lt;br /&gt;In a complex system there is a tautly connected network of exchange of information, instructions, control and stimulus—of oxygen, water, sugars, adrenaline and endorphins, or of food, goods and services, or of weapons and reinforcements. These lines of communication are key to the competence of the complex system, but they also make it vulnerable because they are costly to maintain; they can be destroyed, are hard to repair, and a breakage in just one of them can be enough to(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/connectedness/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">connectedness</a>: they are not embedded in rich ecosystems which protect them, join them up in alliances and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Reciprocity and Cooperation</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Reciprocity is about the ways in which people act in each other’s interests. It may be conscious, or pleasurable, or permanent, or freely entered into, or none of these; it exists between nations, between equals, between master and slave. In some forms of reciprocity, it can be hard to distinguish between giving and receiving—as in, for instance, the reciprocity between mother and infant: the baby gets what it needs to live, and in return the mother receives the satisfactions of giving, of love, of making a person. So it comes in many forms. But, within that wide range of meaning, there(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/reciprocity-and-cooperation/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">reciprocities</a> and extend the length of their natural life-cycle from days to years. Nevertheless, some do survive and begin to join up with others into a system.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">2. <em>Reconnection and growth</em>. This is the system’s glad confident morning. It forges connections and grows in size and complexity; complex organisms inhabit it. There is a chain of stimulus and inspiration between one success and the next, and it becomes resilient, able to duck-and-weave, to recover in response to stresses.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">3. <em>Conservation</em> (or <em>consolidation</em>). The system now extends, elaborates and reinforces its connections. In the case of a <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Civic Society</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A developed political economy; part of the sequence of civilisations which have risen and fallen during the last 10,000 years or so, whose traces are found in their architecture and artefacts.&lt;br /&gt;Our own Western society—now reduced in intelligence and resilience, but much increased in size and complication in the form of the global market economy—is the latest in that sequence. In fact, not all of them have fallen. China, for instance, has gone through many phases of creative destruction, or &lt;em&gt;kaikaku&lt;/em&gt;, none of them conclusive (Unlean).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related entries&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Regrettable Necessities, Relative(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/civic-society/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">civic society</a>, there is <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Intensification Paradox</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The paradox by which a developing economy, whose productivity is improving, actually requires &lt;em&gt;increasing&lt;/em&gt; quantities of labour (and the other factors of production, land and capital) to keep each individual supplied with food and shelter. Represented simply as the cost—in terms of labour, land and capital—of supporting the life of one person, the process of development is a process of declining efficiency.&lt;sup&gt;I54&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At first this seems odd because—as Adam Smith described—in the developing intermediate economy, we see a vast &lt;em&gt;increase&lt;/em&gt; in output per person, perhaps through improved technology.(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/intensification-paradox/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">intensification</a> as the <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Intermediate Economy</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>That part of the economy which consists of forms of production and other activities which, though necessary, do not directly provide the goods and services which consumers &lt;em&gt;actually&lt;/em&gt; want and need. That is, the intermediate economy does tasks which have to be done just to keep things going, to enable the civic society to exist on its very large scale: goods transport, sewage, landfill sites, electricity grids, social workers, police and prisons, regulation and policy-making, inspectors, bureaucrats, parking wardens, and the large and growing task of protecting and repairing the(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/intermediate-economy/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">intermediate economy</a> and its infrastructures develop: the burden of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Transport</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Lean Transport.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/transport/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">transport</a>, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Law</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Lean Law and Order, Law and Change.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/law/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>law</a> and order, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Waste</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>(1) Material available for use by another part of the system, or by a different system in a closed-loop arrangement.&lt;br /&gt;(2) Material discarded by a system as a means of preventing surplus which could produce unwanted growth (Intentional Waste).&lt;br /&gt;(3) Material abandoned and made unavailable to the system (and to its neighbours and wider ecological setting), which will in due course destroy it. The product of an open-loop arrangement formed by excessive scale.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related entries&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Needs and Wants, Lean Materials, Pollution, Sorting Problem.</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/waste/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">waste</a> management and the rest—huge commitments which nobody wants for their own sake, but which are a necessary support structure for the large-scale. There is also growing regulation, imposed in support of the institutions which emerge as civic society becomes less diverse, requiring more coordination from the centre. There is consolidation: nothing (or nothing significant) can move without a lot of other things having to move at the same time. Problems spread at speed. There is top-down control, a loss of flexibility and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Imagination</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Creative intelligence in action; the ability to learn and understand something without having experience of it.&lt;sup&gt;I17&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the mature market economy is to have a sequel on the Wheel of Life, it will be the work, substantially, of imagination. But imagination will not have an easy time of it, for it is widely seen as a dissident to be suppressed, removed or re-educated. &quot;Higher level learning”, the ability to understand and analyse a subject, was achieved by one in five teenagers in 1976; as the psychologist Michael Shayer has shown, this is now down to one in twenty. The target-led routines of(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/imagination/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">imagination</a>, a loss of resilience.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">And, perversely, the conventional responses to this phase seem to be devoted to the cause of making the system, in its hour of need, even less resilient. As the systems scientists Brian Walker and David Salt note, solutions are sought in standardisation and efficiency improvements, in increasingly centralised command-and-control and in tighter insistence on process, rules and procedures—that is, in stamping out any new vision, experiment and self-reliance, and in further elaborating expensive procedures standing in the way of getting things done.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">The problem is the large scale, rigidity and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Complexity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The property of a system consisting of many complementary tasks carried out by highly specialised parts, which are joined up in networks of information, control and distribution.&lt;sup&gt;C238&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each part of a complex system depends on most, or all, of the other parts being in good working order at all times and providing them with the reciprocal services they need. This means that a complex system is vulnerable to shock. If something goes wrong, it is in trouble. It has poor recovery-elastic resilience, but it compensates for this by having well-developed preventive resilience: it is good at keeping(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/complexity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">complication</a>; the solution is seen as even larger scale, greater rigidity and further complication—a classic case of the amplifying <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Feedback</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Systems Thinking &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Feedback, Resilience &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Feedback, Lean Thinking &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Feedback.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/feedback/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">feedback</a> typical of a <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Complexity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The property of a system consisting of many complementary tasks carried out by highly specialised parts, which are joined up in networks of information, control and distribution.&lt;sup&gt;C238&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each part of a complex system depends on most, or all, of the other parts being in good working order at all times and providing them with the reciprocal services they need. This means that a complex system is vulnerable to shock. If something goes wrong, it is in trouble. It has poor recovery-elastic resilience, but it compensates for this by having well-developed preventive resilience: it is good at keeping(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/complexity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">complicated</a> system in trouble.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w24/"><sup>W24</sup></a> Fortunately, these mainstream solutions do not attract a consensus. There are some <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Harmless Lunatic</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A person whose interpretation of a problem is radically different from the received view, and who therefore lives in a storm of ridicule and contempt before turning out to be right.&lt;br /&gt;Oh, all right—not all harmless lunatics do turn out to be right, not all lunatics turn out to be harmless, and not all harmless people are lunatics, but the record of dissidents in thinking afresh about problems, and developing solutions despite expert scorn, is impressive. In the cooler language of the research monograph, summarising its results, &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;Local-level institutions learn and develop the capability to(...)&lt;/p&gt;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/harmless-lunatic/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">harmless lunatics</a> who think differently.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">And this is where we are now—some way along the horizontal line labelled as the Conservation stage. We may wonder what lies ahead, and consider radical responses. Some people call this attitude “<a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Green</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The colour of hope, and of the desire, in response to the grey and brutal surfaces of the industrial city, to recover, protect, affirm, or just be reminded of, the natural world. Political parties which made this their main purpose adopted the name in the 1980s, but the idea, latent since mankind began to live in cities, has been intense since the early days of steam power. Here it is, extravagantly but sharply stated by John Ruskin, reflecting on the question, &quot;What have we done?” &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;Gentlemen of England, if ever you would have your country breathe the pure breath of heaven again, and(...)&lt;/p&gt;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/green/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">green</a>”.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w25/"><sup>W25</sup></a></p> <p></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">4. <em>Release</em>. The more rigid the system becomes in trying to postpone the shock, and the longer it is postponed, the more catastrophic it will eventually be. The system’s potential falls away; inflexible and complicated, it cannot defend itself. The big intermediate structures, still intact but not functioning, are a burden on the system, hastening its collapse.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">5. <em>Break-up</em>. Now the connected system degenerates; its productivity falls to zero.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">6. <em>Reorganisation</em>. This is the compost stage. The remains of the system’s connected structure finally rot down, perhaps becoming rich with potential to eventually regenerate into a new system.</p> <p>Is the sequence inevitable? To answer this we need to think about time, and about the networks of parts (or <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Holon</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A part, or subsystem, or subassembly, of a system. Every system consists of holons.&lt;br /&gt;Other names—orgs, integrons—have been suggested for them; holon is the name coined by Arthur Koestler. It comes from the Greek &lt;em&gt;holos&lt;/em&gt; (whole), with the suffix -&lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; (as in neutron), which suggests particle or part.&lt;sup&gt;H23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Local communities are holons within the wider system of society, for example, and the modularity which underpins recovery-elastic resilience comprises diverse, independent holons. Holons have the characteristic property of &quot;facing both ways”: they are complete in themselves and have substantial(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/holon/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">holons</a>), that make up any system. If these parts, each complete and functional in their own right—systems-within-systems—are to be useful to the larger system, they will vary in size, they will do different things in different ways; they will have the freedom to experiment, to repair and recover, to adapt and evolve. In a healthy system, each holon is able to operate at its own pace, according to its own clock. It is protected from above by the larger, slower-moving system to which it belongs; it is stimulated by, and responds to, the smaller, faster, shorter cycles of innovation and response of the holons lower down.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w26/"><sup>W26</sup></a></p> <p>Here is an example of the faster reaction times of a subsystem relative to the large, slow-moving system to which it belongs: tropical forests have evolved such a thick canopy of leaves that it is hard for seedlings on the ground to get enough light to survive. The seed-holon has, therefore, comparatively recently, evolved a response in the form of very large seeds. These contain enough nutrients for the seed to grow despite being deprived of light and nibbled at by curious animals like tapirs, which eat the surrounding fruit and, in the process, spread the seeds around. The earlier seeding systems which depended on abundant light died, and gave way to systems that could cope with the deep gloom of the forest floor. This life-and-death flexibility—the rapid regeneration-response—of the subsystem enables the large system, the forest, to go on and on.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w27/"><sup>W27</sup></a></p> <p>Another example of a subsystem—a village—can be flexible in its own life, economy and society. In place of the sophisticated preoccupations of the city, it may be able to hang on to the realities of life and nature even if urban civic society cannot. Subsystems (the smaller hexagons in this second diagram) can come and go, adapt quickly, or die and reinvent themselves—they can go with the flow of trial-and-error, life-and-death. These are the strategies of <em>recovery-elastic resilience</em>, the ability to bounce back (see shaded sidebar below).<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w28/"><sup>W28</sup></a></p> <p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-306 aligncenter" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-03-Wheel.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="452" srcset="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-03-Wheel.jpg 539w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-03-Wheel-300x300.jpg 300w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-03-Wheel-100x100.jpg 100w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/W-03-Wheel-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px" /></p> <p> </p> <p>The subsystem has greater flexibility to quickly explore these strategies because, in addition to the large relative surface area enjoyed by <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Small Scale</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Scale.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/small-scale/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">small-scale</a> systems, it is operating on a shorter life-cycle than the overall system. And when repeated many times by many parts of the system, this series of small-scale new beginnings can provide a community or civilisation with constantly-renewing resilience. <em>The more flexible its subsystems, the longer the expected life of the system as a whole</em>.</p> <p>Such recovery-elastic resilience depends on the system’s <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Holon</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A part, or subsystem, or subassembly, of a system. Every system consists of holons.&lt;br /&gt;Other names—orgs, integrons—have been suggested for them; holon is the name coined by Arthur Koestler. It comes from the Greek &lt;em&gt;holos&lt;/em&gt; (whole), with the suffix -&lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; (as in neutron), which suggests particle or part.&lt;sup&gt;H23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Local communities are holons within the wider system of society, for example, and the modularity which underpins recovery-elastic resilience comprises diverse, independent holons. Holons have the characteristic property of &quot;facing both ways”: they are complete in themselves and have substantial(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/holon/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">holons</a>/subsystems/<a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Community</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Community can mean many things. One of them refers to common interests—the Morris dancing community, the gay community, the Facebook community. These are reasonable understandings of community, but they fall outside the bounds of this entry, which explores community in the sense of living in the same place.&lt;br /&gt;The character of such communities is varied, and many attempts have been made to devise a frame of reference for making sense of their differences. The best-known way of distinguishing between them was provided by Ferdinand Tönnies, who (in 1887) pointed to the difference between the(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/community/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">communities</a> having four key properties:</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">They must have substantial independence (weak interdependence), so that the system as a whole is <em><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Modularity</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A modular system is one whose essentially similar parts, subassemblies or holons have substantial self-reliance and independence.&lt;br /&gt;Modularity is intrinsic to resilience and is the counterpart of complexity (for modular systems in context among the four types of system discussed in &lt;em&gt;Lean Logic&lt;/em&gt;, see the summary table that opens Systems Thinking).&lt;br /&gt;Its three critical properties are: &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;1. dispersal (weak interdependence between its parts, which prevents a shock rippling through the whole system);&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;2. flexibility (the substantial freedom of parts to act in diverse ways in their own and/or the(...)&lt;/p&gt;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/modularity/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">modular</a></em>.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">They must develop characteristics and behaviour in response to local conditions. Some of those responses will be unsuccessful—and <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Death</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The means by which an ecosystem keeps itself alive, selects its fittest, controls its scale, gives peace to the tormented, enables young life, and accumulates a grammar of inherited meaning as generations change places.&lt;br /&gt;A natural system lies in tension between life and death: death is as important to it as life. &lt;em&gt;A lot&lt;/em&gt; of death is a sign of a healthy large population. &lt;em&gt;Too much&lt;/em&gt; death is a sign that it is in danger; it is not coping; its terms of coexistence with its habitat are breaking down. &lt;em&gt;Too little&lt;/em&gt; death is a sign of the population exploding to levels which will destroy it and the(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/death/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">death</a> will follow—but the variety makes it likely that other responses by other holons (e.g., villages) will do better. This gives the system as a whole <em>textural-diversity</em>.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">It follows, in turn, that there must be some <em><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Slack and Taut</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The two ends of the spectrum of connectedness, and one of the three pairings of properties which define the extent of a system’s resilience.&lt;br /&gt;Slack is central to the ability of a system to recover from shock. It enables it to cope with losses, and it makes space for choice. It is also needed in well-defined ways for that special case of resilience—a post-industrial Lean Economy.&lt;br /&gt;By contrast, a price-based economy is taut. For goods to command a price they must be scarce, and a taut market is one in which this scarcity is present. As summarised in one of the defining phrases of economics,(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/slack-and-taut/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">slack</a></em> in the holons, capable of being brought into play when needed, and allowing damage to be sustained at the periphery without destroying the core.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">And there will need to be alert <em><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Feedback</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Systems Thinking &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Feedback, Resilience &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Feedback, Lean Thinking &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Feedback.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/feedback/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">feedback</a></em>—that is, the parts must be able to observe and respond quickly to events, not waiting for reassurance and permission from the centre.</p> <p>A system which has this resilience, enabling its local subsystems to go into shock and live out their life-cycles on timescales shorter than that of the larger system, has a chance of enduring—of attaching an achievable meaning to “the Wheel of Life”.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w29/"><sup>W29</sup></a></p> <table border="1" cellpadding="40"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"> <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Recovery-Elastic Resilience</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Resilience.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/recovery-elastic-resilience/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">RECOVERY-ELASTIC RESILIENCE</a> </span><br /> The strategies</p> <p> </p> <p>1. <strong><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Sacrifice-and-Succession</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The succession of life-cycles of the subdivisions, holons or parts of an ecology, whose sequence of death and renewal sustains the longevity of the ecological system as a whole and contributes to its resilience. In this context, death is benign participation, the key enabling condition of resilient, living community.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related entries&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Carnival, Wheel of Life, Resilience &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Recovery-Elastic Resilience &lt;strong&gt;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Sacrifice-and-Succession.</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/sacrifice-and-succession/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Sacrifice-and-succession</a></strong>: although some parts of the system fail, others take their place.</p> <p>2. <strong>New phase</strong>: the system takes a different form for a time.</p> <p>3. <strong>Elasticity</strong>: the system goes with the flow of change without suffering profound harm.</p> <p>4. <strong>Resistance</strong>: it is robust—able to endure substantial shocks without suffering harm.</p> <p>5. <strong>Opportunism</strong>: it uses the shock as an opportunity—to scavenge or to take advantage of weaknesses elsewhere in the system.</p> <p>6. <strong><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Elegance</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The property of a small-scale, or subdivided, system which does not, therefore, need the complication of a large-scale infrastructure.&lt;br /&gt;Self-reliant community, being substantially free of the complications of the large-scale, has economies of reduced scale. The holonic form, consisting of many smaller parts interacting for a common purpose, means that there are lots of edges extending throughout the system. With this high edge-ratio, material needs can be exchanged, and the waste they produce can be recycled on the proximity principle—work is done close to where its output is wanted; waste(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/elegance/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Elegance</a></strong>: the system has minimum baggage, and little to lose; it reacts quickly.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>In other words, what we have here, in principle, is a way of extending the life of a large-scale system indefinitely by enabling the ravages of time (the whole life-cycle from birth to death to birth) to take place with respect to the system’s parts, or holons; the system as a whole is thereby constantly renewed. As the <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>System Scale Rule</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The key rule governing systems-design:&lt;br /&gt;Large-scale problems do not require large-scale solutions; they require small-scale solutions within a large-scale framework.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related entries&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Scale, Systems Thinking, Nation, TEQs (Tradable Energy Quotas), Wheel of Life.</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/system-scale-rule/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">System Scale Rule</a> reminds us, large-scale problems do not require large-scale solutions; they require small-scale solutions within this kind of large-scale framework.<a href="https://leanlogic.online/footnote/w30/"><sup>W30</sup></a></p> <p>And that is precisely what happens in every living creature; all its parts are in a constant state of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Recovery-Elastic Resilience</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Resilience.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/recovery-elastic-resilience/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">recovery-elastic resilience</a>, extending the life of their host system, if not indefinitely, at least for much longer than their own lives.</p> <p>The problem with the <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Large Scale</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Scale.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/large-scale/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">large-scale</a> <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Civic Society</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A developed political economy; part of the sequence of civilisations which have risen and fallen during the last 10,000 years or so, whose traces are found in their architecture and artefacts.&lt;br /&gt;Our own Western society—now reduced in intelligence and resilience, but much increased in size and complication in the form of the global market economy—is the latest in that sequence. In fact, not all of them have fallen. China, for instance, has gone through many phases of creative destruction, or &lt;em&gt;kaikaku&lt;/em&gt;, none of them conclusive (Unlean).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related entries&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Regrettable Necessities, Relative(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/civic-society/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">civic society</a> is that the cost of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Connectedness</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The extent to which the parts of a system are joined up in links of reciprocity, dependency and/or control.&lt;br /&gt;In a complex system there is a tautly connected network of exchange of information, instructions, control and stimulus—of oxygen, water, sugars, adrenaline and endorphins, or of food, goods and services, or of weapons and reinforcements. These lines of communication are key to the competence of the complex system, but they also make it vulnerable because they are costly to maintain; they can be destroyed, are hard to repair, and a breakage in just one of them can be enough to(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/connectedness/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">connecting</a> itself up is a rigidity which stops a critical part of this process—the delegation of life-and-death—in its tracks, condemning the society as a whole to lumber into the death-stage, big time.</p> <p>Independent local <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Lean Economy, The</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The fabric of the Wheel of Life, supported by richly-developed social capital and culture, organised not around the market, but around the rediscovery of community. It is based on cooperation in a slack economic and social order, building on a panarchy of social groupings, from small groups and household production through the close neighbourhood and parish to the nation. It sustains solutions—lean energy, lean food, lean materials and water, along with lean economics, lean education, lean health, lean law and order, lean defence, religion, carnival and play. Guiding principles include(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/lean-economy/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">lean economies</a> are a means of restoring the system’s immortality, or at least its longevity. But whether they actually succeed in doing this depends on how independent they are, how local, how alert, how quick, how diverse and how flexible. It may be too late to achieve a rapid transition into the modular structure of self-reliant, independent groups which is the foundation for resilience. It is not too late to try.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Related entries</strong>:</p> <p><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Ecology: Farmers and Hunters</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>&lt;em&gt;(see also Ecology: The Scholars)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Our human ecology, with its two signature properties of &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;(1) being based on agriculture, and&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;(2) supporting a large population&lt;/p&gt; is shot through with dark dilemmas.  Its awareness of this now is acute, but not, perhaps, all that much more so than it was around the time of its birth, some 8,000 years ago.&lt;br /&gt;Being understandably prejudiced in favour of the way of life we know at first hand, we tend to dismiss the life of hunter-gatherers as laughably irrelevant to anything that matters to us now. However, we do in fact have considerable knowledge about that(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/ecology-farmers-hunters/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Ecology: Farmers and Hunters</a>, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Resilience</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The ability of a system to cope with shock.&lt;br /&gt;That will do, perhaps, as a short definition. But this is a case where we need to know more, so here is a more considered way of looking at it. Resilience is . . . &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganise while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks.&lt;sup&gt;R45&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; There is nothing wrong with that except that it can still leave you wondering what resilience is really about, so here is another way of coming at it. Think of a shallow lake whose water is kept clear by the(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/resilience/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Resilience</a>, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Systems Thinking</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Guidelines for thinking about networks of interaction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lean Logic&lt;/em&gt; makes a distinction between two kinds of system: the complex system and the modular system.&lt;br /&gt;It also recognises two more kinds of system which are special applications of these: the complicated system and the ecological system. &lt;br /&gt;The four are summarised in the table below.</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/systems-thinking/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Systems Thinking</a>, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Gaia</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The idea of planet Earth as a resilient ecological system, able to maintain its environment in a state consistent with its needs.&lt;br /&gt;In the early 1970s, the scientist James Lovelock suggested that the planet’s living ecology regulates its atmosphere and temperature to shape the conditions it lives in. It does not merely adapt to change; it influences change. It makes its planet inhabitable. At the suggestion of the novelist William Golding, Lovelock named this phenomenon after the Greek goddess of Earth, Gaia.&lt;sup&gt;G1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though ridiculed at first, Lovelock began to give it substance as a theoretical(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/gaia/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Gaia</a>.</p> <a href="https://leanlogic.online/list-of-entries/">« Back to List of Entries</a> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="thn_post_wrap wp_link_pages"> </div>   <div class="post_foot"> <div class="post_meta"> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="author_box "> <div class="author_avatar"> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming-100x100.png" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming-100x100.png 100w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming-150x150.png 150w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming.png 205w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" /> </div> <div class="author_inner"> <h5>David Fleming</h5> <div class="athor_desc"> Dr David Fleming (2 January 1940 – 29 November 2010) was a cultural historian and economist, based in London, England. He was among the first to reveal the possibility of peak oil's approach and invented the influential TEQs scheme, designed to address this and climate change. He was also a pioneer of post-growth economics, and a significant figure in the development of the UK Green Party, the Transition Towns movement and the New Economics Foundation, as well as a Chairman of the Soil Association. His wide-ranging independent analysis culminated in two critically acclaimed books, 'Lean Logic' and 'Surviving the Future', published posthumously in 2016. These in turn inspired the 2020 launches of both BAFTA-winning director Peter Armstrong's feature film about Fleming's perspective and legacy - 'The Sequel: What Will Follow Our Troubled Civilisation?' - and Sterling College's unique 'Surviving the Future: Conversations for Our Time' online courses. For more information on all of the above, including Lean Logic, click the little globe below! </div> <div class="athor_social"> <a class="auth_website" href="https://www.flemingpolicycentre.org.uk/books/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-globe"></i></a> </div> </div> </div>     <div class="comments_template ">    <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Comment on this entry: <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/glossary/wheel-of-life-the/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><p class="must-log-in">You must be <a href="https://leanlogic.online/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fleanlogic.online%2Fglossary%2Fwheel-of-life-the%2F">logged in</a> to post a comment.</p><p class='comment-form-subscriptions'><label for='subscribe-reloaded'><input style='width:30px' type='checkbox' name='subscribe-reloaded' id='subscribe-reloaded' value='yes' /> Notify me of followup comments via e-mail.</label></p> </div>  </div>  </div> </div>         </div> </div> </div> <a class="to_top "><i class="fa-angle-up fa-2x"></i></a>  <div data-rocket-location-hash="69950af4ae4b4e9aa0b923cb09df0b32" class="footer_wrap layer_wrapper "> <div id="footer" > <div data-rocket-location-hash="90a07807c5d765791cc0ff4c5b6578f0" class="center"> </div>  <div data-rocket-location-hash="1bad458f64df00b7c3e416a53975f093" id="copyright" class="soc_right"> <div class="center">  <div class="copytext"></div>  <div class="foot_right_wrap">  <div id="footer_menu" class=""><div class="menu-footer"><ul id="menu-footer" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4420"><a href="https://leanlogic.online/bibliography/">Bibliography</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4421"><a href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/">Dictionary</a></li> </ul></div></div>   <div class="foot_soc"> <div class="social_bookmarks bookmark_simple bookmark_size_large"> <a target="_blank" class="ast_fb" href="https://twitter.com/leandictionary"><i class="fa-facebook"></i></a> </div></div>  </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div>  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { jQuery('#ss360-layer').bind("DOMSubtreeModified",function(){ console.log('changed'); 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