Sinking Our Teeth Into Science: How Biomedical Engineering Can Help Make Us Healthier

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<div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top" > <div class="nist-block" > <h1 class="nist-page__title">Sinking Our Teeth Into Science: How Biomedical Engineering Can Help Make Us Healthier</h1> </div> <div class="font-body-md" > <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-09-04T12:00:00Z">September 4, 2024</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <span>By: </span> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/robert-gutierrez" hreflang="en">Robert A. Gutierrez</a> </div> <div class="nist-block" >  <div data-elastic-exclude class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper"> <h2 class="nist-social__title">Share</h2> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <div class="nist-social__wrapper--share"> <div> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/sinking-our-teeth-science-how-biomedical-engineering-can-help-make-us-healthier" title="Facebook" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-gray"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> </div> <div> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/sinking-our-teeth-science-how-biomedical-engineering-can-help-make-us-healthier&source=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/sinking-our-teeth-science-how-biomedical-engineering-can-help-make-us-healthier" title="Linkedin" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-gray"> <span>Linkedin</span> </a> </div> <div> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/sinking-our-teeth-science-how-biomedical-engineering-can-help-make-us-healthier&status=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/sinking-our-teeth-science-how-biomedical-engineering-can-help-make-us-healthier" title="X.com" class="nist-social nist-social--x-gray"> <span>X.com</span> </a> </div> <div> <a href="mailto:?subject=NIST.gov&body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/sinking-our-teeth-science-how-biomedical-engineering-can-help-make-us-healthier" title="Email" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-gray"> <span>Email</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8" > <div class="nist-block" > <div class="text-with-summary"> <figure class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/08/21/robert_gutierrez_lab_fridge.jpg?itok=S10XlPuS" data-media-id="717616"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2024/08/21/robert_gutierrez_lab_fridge.jpg?itok=LQAv5uqn" width="960" height="640" alt="A researcher wearing safety gear kneels at the open door of a lab fridge, displaying a tray of samples. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption"> <div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content"> <p>After experiencing a family member’s illness, NIST researcher Robert Gutierrez decided to pursue a research career in regenerative medicine.</p> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> M. King/NIST </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p><span>Companies that make dental products — such as toothpaste, fillings and crowns — sometimes spend years developing these items, only to find out in final testing that they are too irritating to go in a human mouth. </span></p><p><span>But what if we could test dental products on a model of the human mouth tissue early in the development process? </span></p><p><span>We’re working toward making that a reality in my lab at NIST, and that knowledge may help unlock other scientific advances, too. </span></p><p><span>Representatives from health-focused government agencies and industry organizations asked us to look into how we could test these products earlier using 3D tissues from cells that behave just like the ones in the human mouth. </span></p><p><span>Once we purchased and received the tissues, we had 72 hours to work with them in their optimal condition before we’d have to worry about their quality affecting our results. </span></p><p><span>We made sure the tissues were heated to 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 Fahrenheit), similar to human body temperature. The tissues were also stored in incubators that kept them in similar conditions to that of the human mouth.  </span></p> <figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group"> <div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/08/21/robert_gutierrez_working_with_tools_at_lab_bench.jpg?itok=PqsgHLmu" data-media-id="717626"> <img alt="A researcher wearing safety gear works with small tools in the lab, putting his hands inside a plexiglass box. " height="640" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2024/08/21/robert_gutierrez_working_with_tools_at_lab_bench.jpg?itok=KhwZzH_0" typeof="foaf:Image" width="960"> </div> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption">NIST researcher Robert Gutierrez gathered data on several types of irritants that affect mouth tissue and on the optimal way to test them. This could help companies test necessary but sometimes irritating ingredients that go in dental products.<div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> M. King/NIST </div></figcaption> </figure> <p><span>We tested necessary but sometimes irritating ingredients that are often found in dental products. We gathered a lot of data on several types of irritants that affect mouth tissue and also on the optimal way to test them.</span></p><p><span>Our results showed how a company can test an irritant early in its product testing, which may help companies in the overall product development process. </span></p><h2><span>Becoming an Engineer </span></h2><p><span>When I was younger, I tried lots of different jobs, like construction and working in fast food. I knew I wanted to go to college, but I would be the first in my family to do it. I also wasn’t sure what I wanted to study. </span></p><p><span>I was always observant and saw myself as possibly becoming an engineer. But engineering is a huge field, and I wasn’t sure what type of engineering would suit me best. </span></p><p><span>Around this time, my dad got sick. When he was hospitalized, it was scary for me to see my dad — a man who had never shown any weakness — suddenly become frail. </span></p><p><span>Around the same time, I was sitting in biology class at community college, and the professor was talking about how lizards can regenerate their tails. Obviously, humans can’t grow whole new body parts, but it got me wondering what types of things in medicine and biomedical engineering could possibly help my dad get better.  </span></p><p><span>That got me interested in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine — the idea that you can help people by </span><a href="https://www.aabb.org/news-resources/resources/cellular-therapies/facts-about-cellular-therapies/regenerative-medicine#:~:text=Regenerative%20medicine%20may%20be%20defined,restore%20or%20establish%20normal%20function."><span>“regenerating” human tissues</span></a><span> or cells. </span></p><p><span>I went on to do internships at Brown University and Duke University. I transferred to the University of California, Irvine, and began working in a lab there. Eventually, this led to me earning a Ph.D. from Brown University in biomedical engineering.</span></p><p><span>I wound up moving to Maryland because my daughter needed medical care here, and NIST was a natural fit for me. </span></p><p><span>It’s rewarding to work on biomedical research and see how the importance of quality medical care has impacted my family. I know the work I’m doing is helping to make people healthier. </span></p><h2><span>From the Mouth to the Gut<strong> </strong></span></h2><p><span>While my team waits to present our work to the organizations that requested it, we will apply what we learned to a more ambitious project: measuring the movement of tiny plastics — known as microplastics and nanoplastics — through the human gut’s tissues. </span></p><p><span>We know </span><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/measuring-microplastics-solve-problem-we-have-understand-and-measure-it" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f360f5e9-db54-4789-aece-a711b388f2a3" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Measuring Microplastics: To Solve the Problem, We Have to Understand and Measure It "><span>tiny plastics are everywhere</span></a><span>, including in our bodies. But scientists need to know more about the effect these plastics may have on our health. </span></p><p><span>So we are growing a replica of the human digestive tissue in our lab, and it’s a complex process.  </span></p> <figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group"> <div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/08/21/robert_gutierrez_working_with_samples.jpg?itok=Jo0kFrSa" data-media-id="717621"> <img alt="A researcher wearing safety gear sits at a lab table working with a tray of samples and a large vial holding red liquid." height="640" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2024/08/21/robert_gutierrez_working_with_samples.jpg?itok=DArDwy3y" typeof="foaf:Image" width="960"> </div> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption">NIST researcher Robert Gutierrez is now growing a replica of the human digestive tissue in the lab.<div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> M. King/NIST </div></figcaption> </figure> <p><span>Once we grow the model gut tissue, the goal is to create reproducible measurements of these small plastics as they move through the tissue — similar to how plastics currently move through our guts when we unknowingly eat or inhale them. </span></p><p><span>Creating reproducible methods that other researchers can use will help us better understand what’s happening when researchers get different results with their measurements. Currently, it’s hard to know if variances in measurements are because of the particles or because of the measurement approach. We hope to help standardize that so researchers can compare results more effectively. </span></p><p><span>While we focus on measurement challenges like this one at NIST, the larger scientific community may be able to use what we learn to learn more </span><a><span>about tiny plastics and their impact on our health.</span></a></p><p><span>It’s exciting work, and as a researcher who is passionate about making people healthier, it keeps me engaged and motivated to keep finding the answers that will keep us all healthier. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="nist-tags"> <a href="/taking-measure-categories/bioscience" hreflang="en">Bioscience</a>, <a href="/taking-measure-categories/health" hreflang="en">Health</a> and <a href="/taking-measure-categories/materials" hreflang="en">Materials</a></div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >About the author</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden entity-reference"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article about="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/robert-gutierrez" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/robert-gutierrez" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/21/_DSC0220.jpg?itok=8DwQ0Wt2" width="100" height="71" alt="Robert Gutierrez poses for a head shot" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/robert-gutierrez"><span>Robert A. Gutierrez</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"><p>Robert A. Gutierrez is a biomedical engineer in the Cell Systems Science Group at NIST. He joined NIST at the beginning of 2022 through Johns Hopkins University and worked on air liquid interface tissues. Using his expertise in developing 3D tissues, he continues his research on creating human-like gut models that can be used to assess transport testing with microplastics. Robert comes from very humble beginnings and loves spending time with his family.</p></div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container nist-block no-print" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Related posts</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-00d40df4a9ff492357070580dade91f2bc071ccec25e92fc8c136bd98796ea9d"> <div> <article about="/blogs/taking-measure/curiosity-career-encouraging-students-pursue-stem-education" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/curiosity-career-encouraging-students-pursue-stem-education" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/12/18/trey_diulus_in_lab_december_2023.jpg?itok=GeyxQ2SP" width="100" height="67" alt="Trey Diulus poses sitting in the lab with a large, complex scientific instrument in the foreground." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/curiosity-career-encouraging-students-pursue-stem-education"><span>Curiosity to Career: Encouraging Students to Pursue STEM Education</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-09-18T12:00:00Z">September 18, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> A NIST researcher is volunteering to educate young students about life as a scientist — and encourage kids to envision a career for themselves in STEM. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/blogs/taking-measure/promise-synthetic-cells-revolutionary-new-drugs-outer-space-explorers-and" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/promise-synthetic-cells-revolutionary-new-drugs-outer-space-explorers-and" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/03/11/DSC_0935_full.jpg?itok=Bg50cxgA" width="100" height="67" alt="NIST researchers Elizabeth Strychalski and David Ross program the robotic arm that operates within the box-like structure of the NIST biofoundry." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/promise-synthetic-cells-revolutionary-new-drugs-outer-space-explorers-and"><span>The Promise of Synthetic Cells: Revolutionary New Drugs, Outer Space Explorers and Pushing Beyond the Limits of Evolution</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-07-31T12:00:00Z">July 31, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Scientists are getting closer to creating a living cell from scratch. It could help treat diseases or even create life forms that can be better adapted to space </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/blogs/taking-measure/you-dont-learn-school-my-experience-nist-summer-intern" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/you-dont-learn-school-my-experience-nist-summer-intern" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/06/04/shutterstock_2048552657.jpg?itok=u5B-sbWi" width="100" height="45" alt="A spherical, spiky virus is approached on all sides by Y-shaped antibodies. " typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/you-dont-learn-school-my-experience-nist-summer-intern"><span>You Don’t Learn This in School: My Experience as a NIST Summer Intern</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-07-10T12:00:00Z">July 10, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The most important thing I remember from being a NIST intern last summer is the power of persistence in research. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block no-print" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Comments</h2> <section> <article data-comment-user-id="0" id="comment-155941" class="nist-comment js-comment"> <footer class="nist-comment__info"> <p class="submitted"> <span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Nabila Anis Yahaya </span></span> on <span class="nist-comment__date">September 4, 2024 8:51 AM</span> <mark class="hidden nist-comment__new" data-comment-timestamp="1725460422"></mark> </p> <div class="nist-comment__permalink"><a href="#comment-155941">Permalink</a></div> </footer> <div class="nist-comment__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>Mind to assist on the dental surgery for reconstuctive oral related to traumatic injury?</p> </div> <ul class="links inline nist-comment__links"> <li class="comment-reply nist-comment__link"> <a href="/comment/reply/node/1857936/comment_node_blog/155941">Reply</a></li></ul> </div> </article> <h2>Add new comment</h2> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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Sinking Our Teeth Into Science: How Biomedical Engineering Can Help Make Us Healthier | NIST