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starch</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sago starch"> <meta name="keywords" content="sago starch"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sago starch"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 271</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sago starch</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Weight Loss Degradation of Hybrid Blends LLDPE/Starch/PVA Upon Exposure to UV Light and Soil Burial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmah%20M.">Rahmah M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Zuhaira%20Abd%20Aziz"> Noor Zuhaira Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20M."> Farhan M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Muizz%20Fahimi%20M."> Mohd Muizz Fahimi M. </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polybag and mulch film for agricultural field pose environmental wastage upon disposal. Thus a degradable polybag was designed with hybrid sago starch (SS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Two Different blended composition of SS and PVA Hybrid have been compounded. Then, the hybrids blended are mixed with linear line density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin to fabricate polybag film through conventional film blowing process. Hybrid blends was compounded at different ratios. Samples of LLDPE, SS and PVA hybrid film were exposed to UV light and soil burial. The weight loss were determined during degradation process. Hybrid film by degradation of starch was found to decrease on esterification. However the hybrid film showed greater degradation in soil and uv radiation up to 60% of SS. Weight loss were also determined in control humidity oven with 70% humidity and temperature set up at 30 °C and left in humidity chamber for a month. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLDPE" title="LLDPE">LLDPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVA" title=" PVA"> PVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sago%20starch" title=" sago starch"> sago starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20burial" title=" soil burial"> soil burial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uv%20radiation" title=" uv radiation"> uv radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28773/weight-loss-degradation-of-hybrid-blends-lldpestarchpva-upon-exposure-to-uv-light-and-soil-burial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> The Nutritive Value of Fermented Sago Pith (Metroxylon sago Rottb) Enriched with Micro Nutrients for Poultry Feed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wizna">Wizna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helmi%20Muis"> Helmi Muis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafil%20Abbas"> Hafil Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experiment was conducted to improve the nutrient value of sago pith (Metroxylon sago Rottb) supplemented with Zn, Sulfur and urea through fermentation by using cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) as inoculums. The experiment was determination of the optimum dose combination (dosage of Zn, S and urea) for sago pith fermentation based on nutrient quality and quantity of these fermented products. The study was conducted in experimental method, using the completely randomized design in factorial with 3 treatments consist of: factor A (Dose of urea: A1 = 2.0%, A2 = 3.0%), factor B (Dose of S: B1 = 0.2%, B2 = 0.4%) and factor C (Dose of Zn: C1 = 0.0025%, C2 = 0.005%). Results of study showed that optimum condition for fermentation process of sago pith with B. amyloliquefaciens caused a change of nutrient content was obtained at urea (3%), S (0,2%), and Zn (0,0025%). This fermentation process was able to increase amino acid average, reduce crude fiber content by 67% and increase crude protein by 433%, which made the nutritional value of the product based on dry matter was 18.22% crude protein, 12.42% crude fiber, 2525 Kcal/kg metabolic energy and 65.73% nitrogen retention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title="fermentation">fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sago%20pith" title=" sago pith"> sago pith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur" title=" sulfur"> sulfur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zn" title=" Zn"> Zn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea" title=" urea"> urea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20amyloliquefaciens" title=" Bacillus amyloliquefaciens"> Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19412/the-nutritive-value-of-fermented-sago-pith-metroxylon-sago-rottb-enriched-with-micro-nutrients-for-poultry-feed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> The Effect of Sago Supplementation on Physiology and Performance in a Hot and Humid Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Jusoh">Che Jusoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rahimi"> Mohd Rahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toby%20Mundel"> Toby Mundel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to investigate the physiological and performance effects of a local Malaysian native starch (Metroxylin sago) on cycling in a hot (30°C) and humid (78% RH) environment. Eight male, non-heat acclimated, well-trained club cyclists (VO2max 65 ± 10 ml kg-1 min-1, peak aerobic power 397 ± 71 W) completed one familiarization and three experimental trials in our laboratory simulating cycling in environmental conditions of heat and humidity. Each trial consisted of 45 minutes at a fixed workload (55% VO2max) followed by a 15 minute time-trial (~75% VO2max). Sago in porridge form was consumed 1h before exercise (Pre), in gel form during exercise (Dur) and compared to a control trial (Con), using a random, cross-over design. Plasma glucose concentration did not differ between trials (P = 0.06) with an increase from 4.1 ± 0.6 to 6.1 ± 1.6 mmol-1 (Con), 4.8 ± 1.7 to 5.7 ± 0.4 mmol-1 (Pre) and 4.7 ± 0.8 to 6.9 ± 1.4 mmol-1 (Dur) from start to end of exercise. Plasma lactate increased (P = 0.02) from 1.6 ± 0.3 to 7.6 ± 2.2 mmol-1 (Con), 1.7 ± 0.5 to 7.3 ± 2.9 mmol-1 (Pre) and 1.6 ± 0.2 to 7.3 ± 1.8 mmol-1 (Dur) with no effect of trial (P = 0.74). No differences were found between trials for RER (P = 0.328) with values of 0.93 ± 0.05 (Con), 0.94 ± 0.04 (Pre) and 0.92 ± 0.04 (Dur). There were no differences between trials in rectal (P = 0.64) and skin (P = 0.56) temperatures; values reaching 39.1 ± 0.5°C (Con), 38.9 ± 0.4°C (Pre) and 39.1 ± 0.4°C (Dur) for rectal and 32.7 ± 1.2°C (Con), 32.8 ± 1.4°C (Pre) and 32.8 ± 1.8°C (Dur) for skin temperature, respectively. Heart rate (P = 0.07) also did not differ between trials but reached maximal values by the end of time-trial for all trials. Performance was unaffected by trial (P = 0.98) with the average work completed in 15 minutes being 221 ± 33 kJ (Con), 222 ± 31 kJ (Pre) and 219 ± 32 kJ (Dur), respectively. Therefore, the results of this investigation do not support consumption of sago, either before or during exercise, in altering the thermoregulatory, metabolic or performance responses in a hot and humid environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20and%20humid" title="hot and humid">hot and humid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiology" title=" physiology"> physiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20trial%20performance" title=" time trial performance"> time trial performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoregulatory" title=" thermoregulatory"> thermoregulatory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11406/the-effect-of-sago-supplementation-on-physiology-and-performance-in-a-hot-and-humid-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Physicochemical Characteristics of Rice Starch Chainat 1 Variety by Physical Modification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orose%20Rugchati">Orose Rugchati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarawut%20Wattanawongpitak"> Sarawut Wattanawongpitak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Chainat 1 variety (CN1) of rice, which generally has high amylose starch, is distributed in the lower part of Northern Thailand. CN1 rice starch can be used in both food and non-food products. In this research, the CN1 rice starch from the wet-milling process was prepared by Pre-Gelatinization (Heat-Moisture Treatments, HMT) under different conditions: percentage of moisture contents (20% and 30%) and duration time in minutes (0, 30, 60, and 90) at a specific temperature 110°C. The physicochemical characteristics of CN1 rice starch modification, such as amylose content, viscosity, swelling, and solubility property, were evaluated and compared with native CN1 rice starch. The results showed that modification CN1 rice starch tends to have some characteristics better than native starch. The appearance color and starch granule of modified CN1 by HMT have more effective characteristics than native starch when increased duration time. The duration time and moisture content are significant factors to the CN1 starch characteristic by HMT. Moreover, physical modification of CN1 starch by HMT can be described as a modified rice starch providing in many applications and the advantage of biodegradability development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20characteristics" title="physicochemical characteristics">physicochemical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20modification" title=" physical modification"> physical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-gelatinization" title=" pre-gelatinization"> pre-gelatinization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat-Moisture%20Treatments" title=" Heat-Moisture Treatments"> Heat-Moisture Treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20starch" title=" rice starch"> rice starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chainat%201%20variety%20%28CN1%29" title=" Chainat 1 variety (CN1)"> Chainat 1 variety (CN1)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107385/physicochemical-characteristics-of-rice-starch-chainat-1-variety-by-physical-modification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> Horse Chestnut Starch: A Noble Inedible Feedstock Source for Producing Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Casta%C3%B1o">J. Castaño</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rodriguez"> S. Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20L.%20Franco"> C. M. L. Franco </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starch isolated from non-edible A. hippocastanum seeds was characterized and used for preparing starch-based materials. The apparent amylose content of the isolated starch was 33.1%. The size of starch granules ranged from 0.7 to 35µm, and correlated with the shape of granules (spherical, oval and irregular). The chain length distribution profile of amylopectin showed two peaks, at polymerization degree (DP) of 12 and 41-43. Around 53% of branch unit chains had DP in the range of 11-20. A. hippocastanum starch displayed a typical C-type pattern and the maximum decomposition temperature was 317°C. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) prepared from A. hippocastanum with glycerol and processed by melt blending exhibited adequate mechanical and thermal properties. In contrast, plasticized TPS with glycerol:malic acid (1:1) showed lower thermal stability and a pasty and sticky behavior, indicating that malic acid accelerates degradation of starch during processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aesculus%20hippocastanum%20L." title="Aesculus hippocastanum L.">Aesculus hippocastanum L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amylopectin%20structure" title=" amylopectin structure"> amylopectin structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20starch" title=" thermoplastic starch"> thermoplastic starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-edible%20source" title=" non-edible source"> non-edible source</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19741/horse-chestnut-starch-a-noble-inedible-feedstock-source-for-producing-thermoplastic-starch-tps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Characterization of Edible Film from Uwi Starch (Dioscorea alata L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miksusanti">Miksusanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina"> Herlina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiwin"> Wiwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research about modification uwi starch (Dioscorea alata L) by using propylene oxide has been done. Concentration of propylene oxide were 6%(v/w), 8%(v/w), and 10%(v/w). The amilograf parameters after modification were characteristic breakdown viscosity 43 BU and setback viscosity 975 BU. The modification starch have edible properties according to FDA (Food and Drug Administration) which have degree of modification < 7%, degree of substitution < 0,1 and propylene oxide concentration < 10%(v/w). The best propylene oxide in making of edible film was 8 %( v/w). The starch control can be made into edible film with thickness 0,136 mm, tensile strength 20,4605 MPa and elongation 22%. Modification starch of uwi can be made into edible film with thickness 0,146 mm, tensile strength 25, 3521 Mpa, elongation 30% and water vapor transmission 7, 2651 g/m2/24 hours. FTIR characterization of uwi starch showed the occurrence of hydroxypropylation. The peak spectrum at 2900 cm-1 showed bonding of C-H from methyl group, which is characteristic for modification starch with hydroxypropyl. Characterization with scanning electron microscopy showed that modification of uwi starch has turned the granule of starch to be fully swallon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uwi%20starch" title="uwi starch">uwi starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20film" title=" edible film"> edible film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propylen%20oxide" title=" propylen oxide"> propylen oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54718/characterization-of-edible-film-from-uwi-starch-dioscorea-alata-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Characteristics of Oil-In-Water Emulsion Stabilized with Pregelatinized Waxy Rice Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Yulianingsih">R. Yulianingsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gohtani"> S. Gohtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characteristics of pregelatinized waxy rice starch (PWR) gelatinized at different temperatures (65, 75, and 85 °C, abbreviated as PWR 65, 75 and 85 respectively) and their emulsion-stabilizing properties at different starch concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9%) were studied. The yield stress and consistency index value of PWR solution increased with an increase in starch concentration. The pseudoplasticity of PWR 65 solution increased and that for both PWR 75 and 85 solution decreased with an increase in starch concentration. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles analyzed by Kratky Plot indicated that PWR 65 is natively unfolded particles while PWR 75 and 85 are the globular particles. The characteristics of emulsions stabilized with PWR were influenced by the temperature of gelatinization process and starch concentration. Elevated concentration of starch decreased the value of yield stress and increased the consistency index. PWR 65 produce stable emulsion to creaming at starch concentrations more than 5%, while PWR 85 is able to produce stable emulsion to both creaming and coalescence of droplets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion" title="emulsion">emulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatinization%20temperature" title=" gelatinization temperature"> gelatinization temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-angle%20X-ray%20scattering" title=" small-angle X-ray scattering"> small-angle X-ray scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waxy%20rice%20starch" title=" waxy rice starch"> waxy rice starch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87611/characteristics-of-oil-in-water-emulsion-stabilized-with-pregelatinized-waxy-rice-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> Characterization and Degradation Analysis of Tapioca Starch Based Biofilms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20R.%20Ali">R. R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20W.%20A.%20Rahman"> W. A. W. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Kasmani"> R. M. Kasmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hasbullah"> H. Hasbullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ibrahim"> N. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Sadikin"> A. N. Sadikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20A.%20Asli"> U. A. Asli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, tapioca starch which acts as natural polymer was added in the blend in order to produce biodegradable product. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and tapioca starch blends were prepared by extrusion and the test sample by injection moulding process. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) acts as compatibilizer while glycerol as processing aid was added in the blend. The blends were characterized by using melt flow index (MFI), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the effects of water absorption to the sample. As the starch content increased, MFI of the blend was decreased. Tensile testing were conducted shows the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased while the modulus increased as the starch increased. For the biodegradation, soil burial test was conducted and the loss in weight was studied as the starch content increased. Morphology studies were conducted in order to show the distribution between LDPE and starch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymers" title="biopolymers">biopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradable%20polymers" title=" degradable polymers"> degradable polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch%20based%20polyethylene" title=" starch based polyethylene"> starch based polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20moulding" title=" injection moulding "> injection moulding </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3342/characterization-and-degradation-analysis-of-tapioca-starch-based-biofilms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Characterization and Quantification of Relatives Amounts of Phosphorylated Glucosyl Residues in C6 and C3 Position in Banana Starch Granules by 31P-NMR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20Shitakubo">Renata Shitakubo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanyu%20Yangcheng"> Hanyu Yangcheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay-lin%20Jane"> Jay-lin Jane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Peroni%20Okita"> Fernanda Peroni Okita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Cordenunsi"> Beatriz Cordenunsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the degradation transitory starch model, the enzymatic activity of glucan/water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan/water dikinase (PWD) are essential for the granule degradation. GWD and PWD phosphorylate glucose molecules in the positions C6 and C3, respectively, in the amylopectin chains. This action is essential to allow that β-amylase degrade starch granules without previous action of α-amylase. During banana starch degradation, as part of banana ripening, both α- and β-amylases activities and proteins were already detected and, it is also known that there is a GWD and PWD protein bounded to the starch granule. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify both Gluc-6P and Gluc-3P in order to estimate the importance of the GWD-PWD-β-amylase pathway in banana starch degradation. Starch granules were isolated as described by Peroni-Okita et al (Carbohydrate Polymers, 81:291-299, 2010), from banana fruit at different stages of ripening, green (20.7%), intermediate (18.2%) and ripe (6.2%). Total phosphorus content was determinate following the Smith and Caruso method (1964). Gluc-6P and Gluc-3P quantifications were performed as described by Lim et al (Cereal Chemistry, 71(5):488-493, 1994). Total phosphorous content in green banana starch is found as 0.009%, intermediary banana starch 0.006% and ripe banana starch 0.004%, both by the colorimetric method and 31P-NMR. The NMR analysis showed the phosphorus content in C6 and C3. The results by NMR indicate that the amylopectin is phosphorylate by GWD and PWD before the bananas become ripen. Since both the total content of phosphorus and phosphorylated glucose molecules at positions C3 and C6 decrease with the starch degradation, it can be concluded that this phosphorylation occurs only in the surface of the starch granule and before the fruit be harvested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title="starch">starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWD" title=" GWD"> GWD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWD" title=" PWD"> PWD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=31P-NMR" title=" 31P-NMR"> 31P-NMR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23784/characterization-and-quantification-of-relatives-amounts-of-phosphorylated-glucosyl-residues-in-c6-and-c3-position-in-banana-starch-granules-by-31p-nmr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> Impact of Heat Moisture Treatment on the Yield of Resistant Starch and Evaluation of Functional Properties of Modified Mung Bean (Vigna radiate) Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreejani%20Barua">Sreejani Barua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20P.%20Srivastav"> P. P. Srivastav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formulation of new functional food products for diabetes patients and obsessed people is a challenge for food industries till date. Starch is a certainly happening, ecological, reasonable and profusely obtainable polysaccharide in plant material. In the present scenario, there is a great interest in modifying starch functional properties without destroying its granular structure using different modification techniques. Resistant starch (RS) contains almost zero calories and can control blood glucose level to prevent diabetes. The current study focused on modification of mung bean starch which is a good source of legumes carbohydrate for the production of functional food. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) of mung starch was conducted at moisture content of 10-30%, temperature of 80-120 °C and time of 8-24 h.The content of resistant starch after modification was significantly increased from native starches containing RS 7.6%. The design combinations of HMT had been completed through Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The effects of HMT process variables on the yield of resistant starch was studied through Rapid Surface Methodology (RSM). The highest increase of resistant starch was found up to 34.39% when treated the native starch with 30% m.c at 120 °C temperature for 24 h.The functional properties of both native and modified mung bean starches showed that there was a reduction in the swelling power and swelling volume of HMT starches. However, the solubility of the HMT starches was higher than that of untreated native starch and also observed change in structural (scanning electron microscopy), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, blue value and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) properties. Therefore, replacing native mung bean starch with heat-moisture treated mung bean starch leads to the development of new products with higher resistant starch levels and functional properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mung%20bean%20starch" title="Mung bean starch">Mung bean starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20moisture%20treatment" title=" heat moisture treatment"> heat moisture treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20properties" title=" functional properties"> functional properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistant%20starch" title=" resistant starch"> resistant starch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70938/impact-of-heat-moisture-treatment-on-the-yield-of-resistant-starch-and-evaluation-of-functional-properties-of-modified-mung-bean-vigna-radiate-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Bio-Based Polyethylene/Rice Starch Composite Prepared by Twin Screw Extruder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waris%20Piyaphon">Waris Piyaphon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathaphorn%20O-Suwankul"> Sathaphorn O-Suwankul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittima%20Bootdee"> Kittima Bootdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manit%20Nithitanakul"> Manit Nithitanakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starch from rice was used as a filler in low density polyethylene in preparation of low density polyethylene/rice starch composite. This study aims to prepare LDPE/rice starch composites. Glycerol (GC) was used as a plasticizer in order to increase dispersion and reduce agglomeration of rice starch in low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix. Low density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (LDPE-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to increase the compatibility between LDPE and rice starch. The content of rice starch was varied between 10, 20, and 30 %wt. Results indicated that increase of rice starch content reduced tensile strength at break, elongation, and impact strength of composites. LDPE-g-MA showed positive effect on mechanical properties which increased in tensile strength and impact properties as well as compatibility between rice starch and LDPE matrix. Moreover, the addition of LDPE-g-MA significantly improved the impact strength by 50% compared to neat composite. The incorporation of GC enhanced the processability of composite. Introduction of GC affected the viscosity after blending by reducing the viscosity at all shear rate. The presence of plasticizer increased the impact strength but decreased the stiffness of composite. Water absorption of the composite was increased when plasticizer was added. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title="composite material">composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20starch%20composite" title=" plastic starch composite"> plastic starch composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20composite" title=" polyethylene composite"> polyethylene composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PE%20grafted%20maleic%20anhydride" title=" PE grafted maleic anhydride"> PE grafted maleic anhydride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83851/bio-based-polyethylenerice-starch-composite-prepared-by-twin-screw-extruder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Hydrogen Production from Solid Waste of Sago Processing Industries in Indonesia: Effect of Chemical and Biological Pretreatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratikno%20Hidayat">Pratikno Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khamdan%20Cahyari"> Khamdan Cahyari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is the ultimate choice of energy carriers in future. It contents high energy density (42 kJ/g), emits only water vapor during combustion and has high energy conversion up to 50% in fuel cell application. One of the promising methods to produce hydrogen is from organic waste through dark fermentation method. It utilizes sugar-rich organic waste as substrate and hydrogen-producing microorganisms to generate the hydrogen. Solid waste of sago processing industries in Indonesia is one of the promising raw materials for both producing biofuel hydrogen and mitigating the environmental impact due to the waste disposal. This research was meant to investigate the effect of chemical and biological pretreatment i.e. acid treatment and mushroom cultivation toward lignocellulosic waste of these sago industries. Chemical pretreatment was conducted through exposing the waste into acid condition using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (various molar i.e. 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 M and various duration of exposure i.e. 30, 60 and 90 minutes). Meanwhile, biological treatment was conducted through utilization of the solid waste as growth media of mushroom (Oyster and Ling-zhi) for 3 months. Dark fermentation was conducted at pH 5.0, temperature 27℃ and atmospheric pressure. It was noticed that chemical and biological pretreatment could improve hydrogen yield with the highest yield at 3.8 ml/g VS (31%v H2). The hydrogen production was successfully performed to generate high percentage of hydrogen, although the yield was still low. This result indicated that the explosion of acid chemical and biological method might need to be extended to improve degradability of the solid waste. However, high percentage of hydrogen was resulted from proper pretreatment of residual sludge of biogas plant to generate hydrogen-producing inoculum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sago%20waste" title=" sago waste"> sago waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical" title=" chemical"> chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological" title=" biological"> biological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20fermentation" title=" dark fermentation"> dark fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42980/hydrogen-production-from-solid-waste-of-sago-processing-industries-in-indonesia-effect-of-chemical-and-biological-pretreatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> X-Ray Diffraction and Crosslink Density Analysis of Starch/Natural Rubber Polymer Composites Prepared by Latex Compounding Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Dominic%20Uzoh">Raymond Dominic Uzoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starch fillers were extracted from three plant sources namely amora tuber (a wild variety of Irish potato), sweet potato and yam starch and their particle size, pH, amylose, and amylopectin percentage decomposition determined accordingly by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The starch was introduced into natural rubber in liquid phase (through gelatinization) by the latex compounding method and compounded according to standard method. The prepared starch/natural rubber composites was characterized by Instron Universal testing machine (UTM) for tensile mechanical properties. The composites was further characterized by x-ray diffraction and crosslink density analysis. The particle size determination showed that amora starch granules have the highest particle size (156 × 47 μm) followed by yam starch (155× 40 μm) and then the sweet potato starch (153 × 46 μm). The pH test also revealed that amora starch has a near neutral pH of 6.9, yam 6.8, and sweet potato 5.2 respectively. Amylose and amylopectin determination showed that yam starch has a higher percentage of amylose (29.68), followed by potato (22.34) and then amora starch with the lowest value (14.86) respectively. The tensile mechanical properties testing revealed that yam starch produced the best tensile mechanical properties followed by amora starch and then sweet potato starch. The structure, crystallinity/amorphous nature of the product composite was confirmed by x-ray diffraction, while the nature of crosslinking was confirmed by swelling test in toluene solvent using the Flory-Rehner approach. This research study has rendered a workable strategy for enhancing interfacial interaction between a hydrophilic filler (starch) and hydrophobic polymeric matrix (natural rubber) yielding moderately good tensile mechanical properties for further exploitation development and application in the rubber processing industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber" title="natural rubber">natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fillers" title=" fillers"> fillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amylose" title=" amylose"> amylose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amylopectin" title=" amylopectin"> amylopectin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslink%20density" title=" crosslink density"> crosslink density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86093/x-ray-diffraction-and-crosslink-density-analysis-of-starchnatural-rubber-polymer-composites-prepared-by-latex-compounding-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Comparison of White Sauce Prepared from Native and Chemically Modified Corn and Pearl Millet Starches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marium%20%20Shaikh">Marium Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahira%20M.%20Ali"> Tahira M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Hasnain"> Abid Hasnain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical and sensory properties of white sauces prepared from native and chemically modified corn and pearl millet starches were compared. Interestingly, no syneresis was observed in hydroxypropylated corn and pearl millet starch containing white sauce even after nine days of cold storage (4 °C), while other modifications also reduced the syneresis significantly in comparison to their native counterparts. White sauce containing succinylated corn starch showed least oil separation due to its greater emulsion stability. Light microscopy was used to visualize the size and shape of fat globules, and it was found that they were most homogenously distributed in succinylated and hydroxypropylated samples. Sensory results revealed that chemical modification of corn and pearl millet starch improved the consistency, thickness and overall acceptability of white sauces. Viscosity profiles showed that pasting parameters of native pearl millet starch are almost similar to native corn starch suggesting pearl millet starch as an alternative of corn starch. Also, white sauce prepared from modified pearl millet starch showed better cold storage stability in terms of various textural attributes like hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and springiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20starch" title="corn starch">corn starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pearl%20millet" title=" pearl millet"> pearl millet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxypropylation" title=" hydroxypropylation"> hydroxypropylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=succinylation" title=" succinylation"> succinylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20sauce" title=" white sauce"> white sauce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62328/comparison-of-white-sauce-prepared-from-native-and-chemically-modified-corn-and-pearl-millet-starches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Effect of Tapioca Starch on Fresh Properties Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Samita">C. Samita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Chalermchai"> W. Chalermchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project is aimed to be a preliminary study of using Tapioca Starch as a viscosity modifying agent (VMA) in concrete work. Tapioca starch effects on the viscosity of concrete, which could be investigated from the workability of corresponding mortar. Cement only mortars with water to cement ratio (w/c) 0.25 to 0.48, superplasticizer dosage of 1% to 2.5%, starch concentration of 0%, 0.25% and 0.5%, was tested for workability. Mortar mixes that have equivalent workability (flow diameter of 250 mm, and funnel flow time of 5 seconds) for each starch concentration were identified and checked for concrete properties. Concrete were tested for initial workability, workability loss, bleeding, setting times, and compressive strength. The results showed that all concrete mixes provide same initial workability, however the mix with higher starch concentration provides slower loss. Bleeding occurs when concrete has w/c more than 0.45. For setting times, mixing with higher starch concentration provide longer setting times (around 4 hours in this experiment). Compressive strength of starch concretes which always have higher w/c, are lower than that of cement only concrete as in this experiment initial workability were controlled to be same. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity%20modifying%20agent%28VMA%29" title="viscosity modifying agent(VMA)">viscosity modifying agent(VMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-leveling%20concrete" title=" self-leveling concrete"> self-leveling concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20concrete%28SCC%29" title=" self-compacting concrete(SCC)"> self-compacting concrete(SCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-binder%20SCC" title="low-binder SCC">low-binder SCC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41145/effect-of-tapioca-starch-on-fresh-properties-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Biodegradability and Thermal Properties of Polycaprolactone/Starch Nanocomposite as a Biopolymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20A.%20Jaffar%20Al-Mulla">Emad A. Jaffar Al-Mulla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a biopolymer-based nanocomposite was successfully prepared through melt blending technique. Two biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone and starch, environmental friendly and obtained from renewable, easily available raw materials, have been chosen. Fatty hydrazide, synthesized from palm oil, has been used as a surfactant to modify montmorillonite (natural clay) for preparation of polycaprolactone/starch nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize nanocomposite formation. Compatibility of the blend was improved by adding 3% weight modified clay. Higher biodegradability and thermal stability of nanocomopeite were also observed compared to those of the polycaprolactone/starch blend. This product will solve the problem of plastic waste, especially disposable packaging, and reduce the dependence on petroleum-based polymers and surfactants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycaprolactone" title="polycaprolactone">polycaprolactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable" title=" biodegradable"> biodegradable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6713/biodegradability-and-thermal-properties-of-polycaprolactonestarch-nanocomposite-as-a-biopolymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Adhesive Based upon Polyvinyl Alcohol And Chemical Modified Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Borja">Samantha Borja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Valle"> Vladimir Valle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pamela%20Molina"> Pamela Molina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of adhesives from renewable raw materials attracts the attention of the scientific community, due to it promises the reduction of the dependence with materials derived from oil. This work proposes the use of modified 'oca (Oxalis tuberosa)' starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the elaboration of adhesives for lignocellulosic substrates. The investigation focused on the formulation of adhesives with 3 different PVA:starch (modified and native) ratios (of 1,0:0,33; 1,0:1,0; 1,0:1,67). The first step to perform it was the chemical modification of starch through acid hydrolysis and a subsequent urea treatment to get carbamate starch. Then, the adhesive obtained was characterized in terms of instantaneous viscosity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and shear strength. The results showed that viscosity and mechanical tests exhibit data with the same tendency in relation to the native and modified starch concentration. It was observed that the data started to reduce its values to a certain concentration, where the values began to grow. On the other hand, two relevant bands were found in the FTIR spectrogram. The first in 3300 cm⁻¹ of OH group with the same intensity for all the essays and the other one in 2900 cm⁻¹, belonging to the group of alkanes with a different intensity for each adhesive. On the whole, the ratio PVA:starch (1:1) will not favor crosslinking in the adhesive structure and causes the viscosity reduction, whereas, in the others ones, the viscosity is higher. It was also observed that adhesives made with modified starch had better characteristics, but the adhesives with high concentrations of native starch could equal the properties of the adhesives made with low concentrations of modified starch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20alcohol" title="polyvinyl alcohol">polyvinyl alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVA" title=" PVA"> PVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20modification" title=" chemical modification"> chemical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114442/adhesive-based-upon-polyvinyl-alcohol-and-chemical-modified-oca-oxalis-tuberosa-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Effect of Modification on the Properties of Blighia sapida (Ackee) Seed Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufunmilola%20A.%20Abiodun">Olufunmilola A. Abiodun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adegbola%20O.%20Dauda"> Adegbola O. Dauda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayobami%20Ojo"> Ayobami Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20A.%20Oyeyinka"> Samson A. Oyeyinka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blighia sapida (Ackee) seed is a neglected and under-utilised crop. The fruit is cultivated for the aril which is used as meat substitute in soup while the seed is discarded. The seed is toxic due to the presence of hypoglycin which causes vomiting and death. The seed is shining black and bigger than the legume seeds. The seed contains high starch content which could serve as a cheap source of starch hereby reducing wastage of the crop during its season. Native starch had limitation in their use; therefore, modification of starch had been reported to improve the functional properties of starches. Therefore, this work determined the effect of modification on the properties of Blighia sapida seed starch. Blighia sapida seed was dehulled manually, milled and the starch extracted using standard method. The starch was subjected to modification using four methods (acid, alkaline, oxidized and acetylated methods). The morphological structure, form factor, granule size, amylose, swelling power, hypoglycin and pasting properties of the starches were determined. The structure of Blighia sapida using light microscope showed that the seed starch demonstrated an oval, round, elliptical, dome-shaped and also irregular shape. The form factors of the starch ranged from 0.32-0.64. Blighia sapida seed starches were smaller in granule sizes ranging from 2-6 µm. Acid modified starch had the highest amylose content (24.83%) and was significantly different ( < 0.05) from other starches. Blighia sapida seed starches showed a progressive increase in swelling power as temperature increased in native, acidified, alkalized, oxidized and acetylated starches but reduced with increasing temperature in pregelatinized starch. Hypoglycin A ranged from 3.89 to 5.74 mg/100 g with pregelatinized starch having the lowest value and alkalized starch having the highest value. Hypoglycin B ranged from 7.17 to 8.47 mg/100 g. Alkali-treated starch had higher peak viscosity (3973 cP) which was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the native starch. Alkali-treated starch also was significantly different (p > 0.05) from other starches in holding strength value while acetylated starch had higher breakdown viscosity (1161.50 cP). Native starch was significantly different (p > 0.05) from other starches in final and setback viscosities. Properties of Blighia sapida modified starches showed that it could be used as a source of starch in food and other non-food industries and the toxic compound found in the starch was very low when compared to lethal dosage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blighia%20sapida%20seed" title="Blighia sapida seed">Blighia sapida seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypoglycin" title=" hypoglycin"> hypoglycin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78714/effect-of-modification-on-the-properties-of-blighia-sapida-ackee-seed-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> Influence of [Emim][OAc] and Water on Gelatinization Process and Interactions with Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shajaratuldur%20Ismail">Shajaratuldur Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurlidia%20Mansor"> Nurlidia Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Man"> Zakaria Man</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic starch (TPS) plasticized by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Emim][OAc] were obtained through gelatinization process. The gelatinization process occurred in the presence of water and [Emim][OAc] as plasticizer at high temperature (90˚C). The influence of [Emim][OAc] and water on the gelatinization and interactions with starch have been studied over a range of compositions. The homogenous mass was obtained for the samples containing 35, 40 and 43.5 % of water contents which showed that water plays important role in gelatinization process. Detailed IR spectroscopy analysis showed decrease in hydrogen bonding intensity and strong interaction between acetate anion in [Emim][OAc] and starch hydroxyl groups in the presence of [Emim][OAc]. Starch-[Emim][OAc]-water mixture at 10-3-8.7 presented homogenous mass, less hydrogen bonding intensity and strong interaction between acetate anion in [Emim][OAc] and starch hydroxyl groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title="starch">starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium%20acetate" title=" 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate"> 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticizer" title=" plasticizer"> plasticizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatinization" title=" gelatinization"> gelatinization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR%20spectroscopy" title=" IR spectroscopy"> IR spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47028/influence-of-emimoac-and-water-on-gelatinization-process-and-interactions-with-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Synthesis of Biopolymeric Nanoparticles of Starch for Packaging Reinforcement Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousof%20Farrag">Yousof Farrag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Malmir"> Sara Malmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebeca%20Bouza"> Rebeca Bouza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maite%20Rico"> Maite Rico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bel%C3%A9n%20Montero"> Belén Montero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADs%20Barral"> Luís Barral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biopolymers are being extensively studied in the last years as a replacement of the conventional petroleum derived polymers, especially in packaging industry. They are natural, biodegradable materials. However, the lack of good mechanical and barrier properties is a problem in the way of this replacement. One of the most abundant biopolymers in the nature is the starch, its renewable, biocompatible low cost polysaccharide, it can be obtained from wide variety of plants, it has been used in food, packaging and other industries. This work is focusing on the production a high yield of starch nanoparticles via nanoprecipitation, to be used as reinforcement filling of biopolymer packaging matrices made of different types of starch improving their mechanical and barrier properties. Wheat and corn starch solutions were prepared in different concentrations. Absolute ethanol, acetone and different concentrations of hydrochloric acid were added as antisolvents dropwise under different amplitudes of sonication and different speeds of stirring, the produced particles were analyzed with dynamic light scattering DLS and scanning electron microscope SEM getting the morphology and the size distribution to study the effect of those factors on the produced particles. DLS results show that we have nanoparticles using low concentration of corn starch (0.5%) using 0.1M HCl as antisolvent, [Z average: 209 nm, PDI: 0,49], in case of wheat starch, we could obtain nanoparticles [Z average: 159 nm, PDI: 0,45] using the same starch solution concentration together with absolute ethanol as antisolvent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymers" title="biopolymers">biopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLS" title=" DLS"> DLS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45014/synthesis-of-biopolymeric-nanoparticles-of-starch-for-packaging-reinforcement-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> Effect of Dehydration Methods of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and Functional Properties of Starch Flour Extracted from Maize</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olakunle%20M.%20Makanjuola">Olakunle M. Makanjuola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebola%20Ajayi"> Adebola Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of the dehydrated method on proximate, functional and mineral properties of corn starch was evaluated. The study was carried and to determine the proximate, functional and mineral properties of corn starch produced using three different drying methods namely (sun) (oven) and (cabinet) drying methods. The corn starch was obtained by cleaning, steeping, milling, sieving, dewatering and drying corn starch was evaluated for proximate composition, functional properties, and mineral properties to determine the nutritional properties, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and carbohydrate were in the range of 9.35 to 12.16, 6.5 to 10.78 1.08 to 2.5, 1.08 to 2.5, 4.0 to 5.2, 69.58 to 75.8% respectively. Bulk density range between 0.610g/dm3 to 0.718 g/dm3, water, and oil absorption capacities range between 116.5 to 117.25 and 113.8 to 117.25 ml/g respectively. Swelling powder had value varying from 1.401 to 1.544g/g respectively. The results indicate that the cabinet method had the best result item of the quality attribute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch%20flour" title="starch flour">starch flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydration" title=" dehydration"> dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cabinet%20dryer" title=" cabinet dryer"> cabinet dryer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77942/effect-of-dehydration-methods-of-the-proximate-composition-mineral-content-and-functional-properties-of-starch-flour-extracted-from-maize" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Starch-Based Systems for the Nano-Delivery of Quercetin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20G.%20Torres">Fernando G. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20P.%20Troncoso"> Omar P. Troncoso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quercetin is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in many vegetables, such as onion, with antioxidant properties. It is a dietary component with a documented role in reducing different human cancers. However, its low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and chemical instability limit its applications. Different nano-delivery systems such as nanoparticles, micelles, and nanohydrogels have been studied in order to improve the bioavailability of quercetin. Nanoparticles based on natural polymers such as starch have the advantage of being biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic. In this study, quercetin was loaded into starch nanoparticles using a nanoprecipitation method. Different routes, using sodium tripolyphosphate and Tween® 80 as tensioactive agents, were tested in order to obtain an optimized starch-based nano-delivery system. The characterization of the nanoparticles loaded with quercetin was assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta potential, and Differential scanning calorimetry. UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the loading efficiency and capacity of the samples. The results showed that starch-based systems could be successfully used for the nano-delivery of quercetin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch%20nanoparticles" title="starch nanoparticles">starch nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoprecipitation" title=" nanoprecipitation"> nanoprecipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147600/starch-based-systems-for-the-nano-delivery-of-quercetin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Preparation and Properties of Chloroacetated Natural Rubber Rubber Foam Using Corn Starch as Curing Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ploenpit%20Boochathum">Ploenpit Boochathum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitchayanad%20Kaolim"> Pitchayanad Kaolim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phimjutha%20Srisangkaew"> Phimjutha Srisangkaew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In general, rubber foam is produced based on the sulfur curing system. However, the remaining sulfur in the rubber product waste is burned to sulfur dioxide gas causing the environment pollution. To avoid using sulfur as curing agent in the rubber foam products, this research work proposes non-sulfur curing system by using corn starch as a curing agent. The ether crosslinks were proposed to be produced via the functional bonding between hydroxyl groups of the starch molecules and chloroacetate groups added on the natural rubber molecules. The chloroacetated natural rubber (CNR) latex was prepared via the epoxidation reaction of the concentrated natural rubber latex, subsequently, epoxy rings were attacked by chloroacetic acid to produce hydroxyl groups and chloroacetate groups on the rubber molecules. Foaming agent namely NaHCO3 was selected to add in the CNR latex due to the low decomposition temperature at about 50°C. The appropriate curing temperature was assigned to be 90°C that is above gelatinization temperature; 60-70°C, of starch. The effect of weight ratio of starch, i.e., 0 phr, 3 phr and 5 phr, on the physical properties of CNR rubber foam was investigated. It was found that density reduced from 0.81 g/cm3 for 0 phr to 0.75 g/cm3 for 3 phr and 0.79 g/cm3 for 5 phr. The ability to return to its original thickness after prolonged compressive stresses of CNR rubber foam cured with starch loading of 5 phr was found to be considerably better than that of CNR rubber foam cured with starch 3 phr and CNR rubber foam without addition of starch according to the compression set that was determined to decrease from 66.67% to 40% and 26.67% with the increase loading of starch. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and modulus of CNR rubber foams cured using starch were determined to increase except that the elongation at break was found to decrease. In addition, all mechanical properties of CNR rubber foams cured with the starch 3 phr and 5 phr were found to be slightly different and drastically higher than those of CNR rubber foam without the addition of starch. This research work indicates that starch can be applicable as a curing agent for CNR rubber. This is confirmed by the increase of the elastic modulus (G') of CNR rubber foams that was cured with the starch over the CNR rubber foam without curing agent. This type of rubber foam is believed to be one of the biodegradable and environment-friendly product that can be cured at low temperature of 90°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloroacetated%20natural%20rubber" title="chloroacetated natural rubber">chloroacetated natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20starch" title=" corn starch"> corn starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-sulfur%20curing%20system" title=" non-sulfur curing system"> non-sulfur curing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20foam" title=" rubber foam"> rubber foam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60241/preparation-and-properties-of-chloroacetated-natural-rubber-rubber-foam-using-corn-starch-as-curing-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Interfacial Adhesion and Properties Improvement of Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blend Compatibilized by Stearic Acid-Grafted-Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattaporn%20Khanoonkon">Nattaporn Khanoonkon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rangrong%20Yoksan"> Rangrong Yoksan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amod%20A.%20Ogale"> Amod A. Ogale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most petroleum-based thermoplastic materials used in many applications including packaging due to its cheap, light-weight, chemically inert and capable to be converted into various shapes and sizes of products. Although PE is a commercially potential material, its non-biodegradability caused environmental problems. At present, bio-based polymers become more interesting owing to its bio-degradability, non-toxicity, and renewability as well as being eco-friendly. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a bio-based and biodegradable plastic produced from the plasticization of starch under applying heat and shear force. In many researches, TPS was blended with petroleum-based polymers including PE in order to reduce the cost and the use of those polymers. However, the phase separation between hydrophobic PE and hydrophilic TPS limited the amount of TPS incorporated. The immiscibility of two different polarity polymers can be diminished by adding compatibilizer. PE-based compatibilizers, e.g. polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride, polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol, etc. have been applied for the PE/TPS blend system in order to improve their miscibility. Until now, there is no report about the utilization of starch-based compatibilizer for PE/TPS blend system. The aims of the present research were therefore to synthesize a new starch-based compatibilizer, i.e. stearic acid-grafted starch (SA-g-starch) and to study the effect of SA-g-starch on chemical interaction, morphological properties, tensile properties and water vapor as well as oxygen barrier properties of the PE/TPS blend films. PE/TPS blends without and with incorporating SA-g-starch with a content of 1, 3 and 5 part(s) per hundred parts of starch (phr) were prepared using a twin screw extruder and then blown into films using a film blowing machine. Incorporating 1 phr and 3 phr of SA-g-starch could improve miscibility of the two polymers as confirmed from the reduction of TPS phase size and the good dispersion of TPS phase in PE matrix. In addition, the blend containing SA-g-starch with contents of 1 phr and 3 phr exhibited higher tensile strength and extensibility, as well as lower water vapor and oxygen permeabilities than the naked blend. The above results suggested that SA-g-starch could be potentially applied as a compatibilizer for the PE/TPS blend system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend" title="blend">blend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibilizer" title=" compatibilizer"> compatibilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20starch" title=" thermoplastic starch"> thermoplastic starch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28960/interfacial-adhesion-and-properties-improvement-of-polyethylenethermoplastic-starch-blend-compatibilized-by-stearic-acid-grafted-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Synthesis and Characterisation of Starch-PVP as Encapsulation Material for Drug Delivery System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nungki%20Rositaningsih">Nungki Rositaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emil%20Budianto"> Emil Budianto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starch has been widely used as an encapsulation material for drug delivery system. However, starch hydrogel is very easily degraded during metabolism in human stomach. Modification of this material is needed to improve the encapsulation process in drug delivery system, especially for gastrointestinal drug. In this research, three modified starch-based hydrogels are synthesized i.e. Crosslinked starch hydrogel, Semi- and Full- Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) starch hydrogel using Poly(N-Vinyl-Pyrrolidone). Non-modified starch hydrogel was also synthesized as a control. All of those samples were compared as biomaterials, floating drug delivery, and their ability in loading drug test. Biomaterial characterizations were swelling test, stereomicroscopy observation, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Buoyancy test and stereomicroscopy scanning were done for floating drug delivery characterizations. Lastly, amoxicillin was used as test drug, and characterized with UV-Vis spectroscopy for loading drug observation. Preliminary observation showed that Full-IPN has the most dense and elastic texture, followed by Semi-IPN, Crosslinked, and Non-modified in the last position. Semi-IPN and Crosslinked starch hydrogel have the most ideal properties and will not be degraded easily during metabolism. Therefore, both hydrogels could be considered as promising candidates for encapsulation material. Further analysis and issues will be discussed in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery%20system" title=" drug delivery system"> drug delivery system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpenetrating%20polymer%20network" title=" interpenetrating polymer network"> interpenetrating polymer network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28N-vinyl-pyrrolidone%29" title=" poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone)"> poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch%20hydrogel" title=" starch hydrogel"> starch hydrogel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56315/synthesis-and-characterisation-of-starch-pvp-as-encapsulation-material-for-drug-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Melaleuca alternifolia Fibre Composites: Effect of Different Type of Fibre on Mechanical and Physical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahari%20Japar">Sahari Japar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodney%20Jammy"> Rodney Jammy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Maleque"> M. A. Maleque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fabrication of melaleuca alternifolia fibre reinforced thermoplastic starch composites was successfully done. This paper aims to show the effect of melaleuca alternifolia fibres on mechanical and physical properties of composites by using starch as a matrix. The fibres were extracted from three different part i.e. tea tree trunk (TTT), tea tree bunch (TTB) and tea tree leaf (TTL) and combined with tapioca starch by casting method. All composites showed superior mechanical properties in comparison to TS. The addition of 5% (v/v) fibres as a filler to TS led to the improvement in young’s modulus by 350% for TTB/TS, 282% for TTT/TS and 220% for TTL/TS. The tensile strength also increased to 34.39% for TTL/TS, 82.80% for TTB/TS and 203.18% for TTT/TS respectively. The trend can be correlated to the amount of cellulose in the fibres. For physical properties, it can be seen that, with the addition of fibres, the water absorption and swelling of composites decreased. The addition of melaleuca alternifolia fibre improved mechanical and physical properties of thermoplastic starch composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melaleuca%20alternifolia" title="melaleuca alternifolia">melaleuca alternifolia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre" title=" fibre"> fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical" title=" mechanical"> mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical" title=" physical"> physical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36698/melaleuca-alternifolia-fibre-composites-effect-of-different-type-of-fibre-on-mechanical-and-physical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Reactive Blending of Thermoplastic Starch, Ethylene-1-Butene Rubber, and Chitosan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittisak%20Jantanasakulwong">Kittisak Jantanasakulwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Ougizawa"> Toshiaki Ougizawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared by melt-blending of cassava starch with glycerol (70/30 wt%/wt%) at 130 ◦C for 10 min. Chitosan (CTS) was used as a compatibilizer. TPS/CTS blend was melt-blended with maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-1-butene rubber (EB-MAH) in the composition of 80/20 respectively. Addition of CTS in TPS/EB-MAH blend decreased particles size of EB-MAH rubber to 1µm in TPS matrix. Mechanical properties, solubility, swelling property, morphology, and water contact angle of TPS/EB-MAH blend were improved by CTS incorporation. FTIR confirmed a reaction had occurred between amino groups (-NH2) of CTS and the MAH groups of EB-MAH. This reaction and the enhanced miscibility between TPS and CTS improved morphology and properties of the TPS/EB-MAH/CTS blend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20starch" title="thermoplastic starch">thermoplastic starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber" title=" rubber"> rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20blending" title=" reactive blending"> reactive blending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79632/reactive-blending-of-thermoplastic-starch-ethylene-1-butene-rubber-and-chitosan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Extraction, Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Oxidized Starch from an Abundant Source in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okafor%20E.%20Ijeoma">Okafor E. Ijeoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isimi%20C.%20Yetunde"> Isimi C. Yetunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okoh%20E.%20Judith"> Okoh E. Judith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunle%20O.%20Olobayo"> Kunle O. Olobayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emeje%20O.%20Martins"> Emeje O. Martins </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starch has gained interest as a renewable and environmentally compatible polymer due to the increase in its use. However, starch by itself could not be satisfactorily applied in industrial processes due to some inherent disadvantages such as its hydrophilic character, poor mechanical properties, its inability to withstand processing conditions such as extreme temperatures, diverse pH, high shear rate, freeze-thaw variation and dimensional stability. The range of physical properties of parent starch can be enlarged by chemical modification which invariably enhances their use in a number of applications found in industrial processes and food manufacture. In this study, Manihot esculentus starch was subjected to modification by oxidation. Fourier Transmittance Infra- Red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies were used to confirm the synthesis while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the new polymer. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical assay was used to determine the antioxidant property of the oxidized starch. Our results show that the modification had no significant effect on the foaming capacity as well as on the emulsion capacity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that oxidation did not alter the predominantly circular-shaped starch granules, while the X-ray pattern of both starch, native and modified were similar. FTIR results revealed a new band at 3007 and 3283cm-1. Differential scanning calorimetry returned two new endothermic peaks in the oxidized starch with an improved gelation capacity and increased enthalpy of gelatinization. The IC50 of oxidized starch was notably higher than that of the reference standard, ascorbic acid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20esculentus" title=" M. esculentus"> M. esculentus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title=" starch"> starch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48820/extraction-synthesis-characterization-and-antioxidant-properties-of-oxidized-starch-from-an-abundant-source-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Development of Starch Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Curcumin Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20G.%20Torres">Fernando G. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20P.%20Troncoso"> Omar P. Troncoso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starch is a highly biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable polymer. It is widely used in biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds. Curcumin, a phenolic compound found in the dried root of Curcuma longa, has been used as a nutritional supplement due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the major problem with ingesting curcumin by itself is its poor bioavailability due to its poor absorption and rapid metabolism. In this study, we report a novel methodology to prepare starch nanoparticles loaded with curcumin. The nanoparticles were synthesized via nanoprecipitation of starch granules extracted from native Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp. and Andigena var Huamantanga varieties). The nanoparticles were crosslinked and stabilized by using sodium tripolyphosphate and Tween®80, respectively. The characterization of the nanoparticles loaded with curcumin was assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta potential, and Differential scanning calorimetry. UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the loading efficiency and capacity of the samples. The results showed that native starch nanoparticles could be used to prepare promising nanocarriers for the controlled release of curcumin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch%20nanoparticle" title="starch nanoparticle">starch nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoprecipitation" title=" nanoprecipitation"> nanoprecipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcumin" title=" curcumin"> curcumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147597/development-of-starch-nanoparticles-as-vehicles-for-curcumin-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Barrier Properties of Starch-Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Amidi%20Fazli">Farid Amidi Fazli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Replacement of plastics used in the food industry seems to be a serious issue to overcome mainly the environmental problems in recent years. This study investigates the hydrophilicity and permeability properties of starch biopolymer which ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (0-10%) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) (1 -15%) were used to enhance its properties. Starch -EVOH nanocomposites were prepared by casting method in different formulations. NCC production by acid hydrolysis was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Solubility, water vapor permeability, water vapor transmission rate and moisture absorbance were measured on each of the nanocomposites. The results were analyzed by SAS software. The lowest moisture absorbance was measured in pure starch nanocomposite containing 8% NCC. The lowest permeability to water vapor belongs to starch nanocomposite containing 8% NCC and the sample containing 7.8% EVOH and 13% NCC. Also, the lowest solubility was observed in the composite contains the highest amount of EVOH. Applied Process resulted in production of bio films which have good resistance to water vapor permeability and solubility in water. The use of NCC and EVOH leads to reduced moisture absorbance property of the biofilms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title="starch">starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EVOH" title=" EVOH"> EVOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline%20cellulose" title=" nanocrystalline cellulose"> nanocrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilicity" title=" hydrophilicity "> hydrophilicity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20201/barrier-properties-of-starch-ethylene-vinyl-alcohol-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> 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