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<li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microfinance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microfinance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Microfinance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microfinance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Papers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nobel_prize_in_Economic_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_prize_in_Economic_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Nobel prize in Economic Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_prize_in_Economic_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Esther Duflo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дюфло, Эстер – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Дюфло, Эстер" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88" title="إستير دوفلو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إستير دوفلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="ইস্থাৰ ডাফ্লো – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইস্থাৰ ডাফ্লো" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_D%C3%BCflo" title="Ester Düflo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ester Düflo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="এস্তের দুফ্লো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এস্তের দুফ্লো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Эстер Дюфло – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эстер Дюфло" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Эстэр Дзюфло – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эстэр Дзюфло" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Естер Дюфло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естер Дюфло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflov%C3%A1" title="Esther Duflová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esther Duflová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88" title="استر دوفلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استر دوفلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%92%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C" title="에스테르 뒤플로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스테르 뒤플로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%86%D5%AC%D5%B8" title="Էսթեր Դյուֆլո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսթեր Դյուֆլո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्थर डुफ्लो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्थर डुफ्लो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95" title="אסתר דופלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסתר דופלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ესთერ დიუფლო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესთერ დიუფლო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्थर डुफ्लो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एस्थर डुफ्लो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Естер Дифло – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Естер Дифло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A" title="എസ്തെർ ഡഫ്ലൊ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്തെർ ഡഫ്ലൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्थर डुफ्लो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्थर डुफ्लो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88" title="استير دوفلو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استير دوفلو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD" title="エステル・デュフロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エステル・デュフロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B" title="ਐਸਥਰ ਡੁਫ਼ਲੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਸਥਰ ਡੁਫ਼ਲੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Caroline_Duflo" title="Esther Caroline Duflo – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Esther Caroline Duflo" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дюфло, Эстер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюфло, Эстер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%DB%86" title="ئستەر دوفلۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئستەر دوفلۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Естер Дуфло – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Естер Дуфло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B" title="எஸ்தர் டுஃப்லோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஸ்தர் டுஃப்லோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Эстер Дюфло – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эстер Дюфло" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дюфло, Эстер – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Дюфло, Эстер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Естер Дюфло – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естер Дюфло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1_%DA%88%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88" title="ایستھر ڈوفلو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایستھر ڈوفلو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Esther Duflo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%B8%9D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B" title="埃丝特·迪弗洛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃丝特·迪弗洛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Esther Duflo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Esther_Duflo_-_Pop!Tech_2009_-_001_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Duflo in 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1972-10-25</span>) </span>25 October 1972<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 52)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École normale supérieure">École normale supérieure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes_en_sciences_sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="École des hautes études en sciences sociales">École des hautes études en sciences sociales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%A9tudes_approfondies" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplôme d'études approfondies">Dipl.</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">Development economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral<br />advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral<br />students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Breza" title="Emily Breza">Emily Breza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dean_Karlan" title="Dean Karlan">Dean Karlan</a> • Rachael Meager • <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Pons" title="Vincent Pons">Vincent Pons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contributions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomized controlled trials">Randomized controlled trials</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> (2019)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Infosys_Prize" title="Infosys Prize">Infosys Prize</a> (2014)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Award" title="John von Neumann Award">John von Neumann Award</a> (2013)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark_Medal" title="John Bates Clark Medal">John Bates Clark Medal</a> (2010)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_du_meilleur_jeune_%C3%A9conomiste_de_France" title="Prix du meilleur jeune économiste de France">Prix du meilleur jeune économiste de France</a> (2005)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize" title="Elaine Bennett Research Prize">Elaine Bennett Research Prize</a> (2002)</li><li>Golden Plate from <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a> (2022)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/e/pdu166.html">Information</a> at <a href="/wiki/Research_Papers_in_Economics" title="Research Papers in Economics">IDEAS / RePEc</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Esther Duflo</b>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[dyflo]</a></span>; born 25 October 1972) is a French-American economist<sup id="cite_ref-:7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> currently serving as the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, she was jointly awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> "for their experimental approach to <a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">alleviating global poverty</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to her academic appointment, Duflo is the co-founder and co-director of the <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab" title="Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab">Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab</a> (J-PAL),<sup id="cite_ref-:8_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>-based research center promoting the use of randomized controlled trials in policy evaluation.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, more than 400 million people had been impacted by programs tested by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab" title="Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab">J-PAL</a> affiliated researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2024, Duflo has also served as the president of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_Economics" title="Paris School of Economics">Paris School of Economics</a> alongside her appointment at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duflo is a Research Associate of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a> (NBER),<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a board member of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_for_Research_and_Economic_Analysis_of_Development" title="Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development">Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development</a> (BREAD),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the director of the <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a> program of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Economic_Policy_Research" title="Centre for Economic Policy Research">Centre for Economic Policy Research</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her research focuses on the <a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomics</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">development</a> and spans topics such as household behavior,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> education,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Financial_inclusion" title="Financial inclusion">financial inclusion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to receiving the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>, Duflo was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize" title="Elaine Bennett Research Prize">Elaine Bennett Research Prize</a> (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark_Medal" title="John Bates Clark Medal">John Bates Clark Medal</a> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a>. </p><p>Together with <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, Duflo is the co-author of <i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Economics" title="Poor Economics">Poor Economics</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:13_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Economics_for_Hard_Times" title="Good Economics for Hard Times">Good Economics for Hard Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published in April 2011 and November 2019, respectively. According to the <a href="/wiki/Open_Syllabus_Project" title="Open Syllabus Project">Open Syllabus Project</a>, Duflo is the seventh most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duflo was born on October 25, 1972 to Violaine and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Duflo" title="Michel Duflo">Michel Duflo</a> at the Port Royal Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris, France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was a mathematics professor, and her mother was a pediatrician.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Duflo's childhood, her mother often traveled, volunteering for a humanitarian <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> providing support to childhood victims of war.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duflo was raised and attended schools until grade 11 in <a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-sur-Seine" title="Asnières-sur-Seine">Asnières</a>, a western suburb of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duflo completed her secondary schooling in 1990 at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Henri-IV" title="Lycée Henri-IV">Lycée Henri-IV</a>, a magnet school in central Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After secondary school, Duflo pursued an undergraduate degree at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École Normale Supérieure</a> in Paris, where she specialized in history and economics.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She intended to study history prior to beginning her degree, but was recruited to study economics by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohen_(economist)" title="Daniel Cohen (economist)">Daniel Cohen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1993 to 1994, she worked as a French teaching assistant in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, where she wrote her history <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's</a> dissertation.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Moscow, she worked as a research assistant at the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a>, and as an assistant to <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a>, an American economist selected to advise the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Finance</a> in the aftermath of the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experience led her to conclude that "economics had potential as a lever of action in the world" and she could satisfy academic ambitions while doing "things that mattered".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She finished her degree in history and economics at <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">École Normale Supérieure</a> in 1994 and received a master's degree from DELTA, now the <a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_Economics" title="Paris School of Economics">Paris School of Economics</a>, in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Duflo met <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Thomas Piketty</a>, who encouraged her to apply for graduate study at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She gained admission to <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> program in economics, and enrolled alongside her then-boyfriend, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Saez" title="Emmanuel Saez">Emmanuel Saez</a>, in 1995 after finishing her master's degree.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duflo's first class in development economics was co-taught by <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, with whom she would later share the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her classmates at the time include several prominent development economists, including <a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asim_Ijaz_Khwaja" title="Asim Ijaz Khwaja">Asim Ijaz Khwaja</a>, and Jishnu Das.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duflo completed her <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the joint supervision of <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her dissertation research leveraged a <a href="/wiki/Natural_experiment" title="Natural experiment">natural experiment</a> —a large-scale school expansion program in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> — to study the effects of education on future earnings, providing the first causal evidence that increased schooling improves earnings later in life.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing her <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> in 1999, Duflo became an Assistant Professor of Economics at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, her alma mater. Economics professors are rarely hired from the <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> students in their own departments; however, following the departure of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> for <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, the department made an exception to strengthen <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_14-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2001 to 2002, Duflo took leave from <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> to pursue a visiting academic position at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. Upon her return, she was promoted to Associate Professor and became among the youngest faculty members in the department's history to be offered tenure. </p><p>In 2003, Duflo was promoted to full professor after receiving competing offers from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a>. Alongside <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a>, Duflo secured additional funding as part of her retention offer to found a laboratory aimed at promoting the use of randomized controlled trials in policy evaluation. The <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Action_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty Action Lab">Poverty Action Lab</a> was initially led by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a>, a British economist and the wife of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, co-winner of the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>. In 2005, with the support of <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> President <a href="/wiki/Susan_Hockfield" title="Susan Hockfield">Susan Hockfield</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Action_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty Action Lab">Poverty Action Lab</a> was endowed by Mohammed Abdul Latif Jameel, an <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> alumnus and president of the <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Jameel" title="Abdul Latif Jameel">Abdul Latif Jameel</a> corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In line with Duflo and Banerjee's experience in the Indian context, <a href="/wiki/J-pal" class="mw-redirect" title="J-pal">J-PAL</a>'s first regional office was founded in 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Financial_Management_and_Research" title="Institute for Financial Management and Research">Institute for Financial Management and Research</a>. Additional regional offices have since been founded at <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Chile">Pontifical Catholic University of Chile</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_Economics" title="Paris School of Economics">Paris School of Economics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">University of Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_University_in_Cairo" title="American University in Cairo">American University in Cairo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">University of Indonesia</a>. As of 2024, the <a href="/wiki/J-pal" class="mw-redirect" title="J-pal">J-PAL</a> network included 900 researchers based at 97 universities around the world. Many prominent development economists serve on the board of the organization, including <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Bertrand" title="Marianne Bertrand">Marianne Bertrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Blattman" title="Chris Blattman">Chris Blattman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascaline_Dupas" title="Pascaline Dupas">Pascaline Dupas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Finkelstein" title="Amy Finkelstein">Amy Finkelstein</a>. </p><p>Alongside her work at <a href="/wiki/J-pal" class="mw-redirect" title="J-pal">J-PAL</a>, Duflo is a Research Associate at the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a>, a board member at the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_for_Research_and_Economic_Analysis_of_Development" title="Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development">Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development</a> (BREAD), and director of the <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a> program of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Economic_Policy_Research" title="Centre for Economic Policy Research">Centre for Economic Policy Research</a>. Since 2023, she has held the Poverty and Public Policy Chair at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>, and in 2024 assumed the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_Economics" title="Paris School of Economics">Paris School of Economics</a>. She is former editor-in-chief of the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Review" title="American Economic Review">American Economic Review</a></i>, was the founding editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Journal:_Applied_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="American Economic Journal: Applied Economics">American Economic Journal: Applied Economics</a></i>, and previously served on the editorial boards of the <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Economics" title="Annual Review of Economics">Annual Review of Economics</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Economics_and_Statistics" title="The Review of Economics and Statistics"><i>Review of Economics and Statistics</i></a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Development_Economics" title="Journal of Development Economics">Journal of Development Economics</a></i>. </p><p>Duflo has also held several advisory appointments in government. As of 2024, she was a member of the economic advisory committee of the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. From 2012 to 2017, she served on the Global Development Council of President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, led by economist <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_El-Erian" title="Mohamed El-Erian">Mohamed El-Erian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duflo's research focuses on a range of topics in the microeconomics of development, such as health, education, financial inclusion, political economy, gender, and household behavior. Much of her research leverages <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> to evaluate the causal effects of social interventions on development outcomes of interest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duflo's dissertation research examined the labor market returns to education through analysis of a unique <a href="/wiki/Natural_experiment" title="Natural experiment">policy experiment</a>: a mass school construction program in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Published in the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Review" title="American Economic Review">American Economic Review</a></i>, the study showed that children exposed to the program (i.e. who were aged 2 to 6 in 1974) received between 0.12 and 0.19 more years of education<sup id="cite_ref-:15_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had higher wages in adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper provided some of the first causal evidence in a developing country context that increased education does lead to increased wages.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among Duflo's most recognized work leverages randomized impact evaluations to study interventions aimed at improving educational outcomes in the developing world.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Duflo — alongside co-authors <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, Shawn Cole, and Leigh Linden — published a study in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quarterly_Journal_of_Economics" title="The Quarterly Journal of Economics">The Quarterly Journal of Economics</a></i> evaluating a remedial education program aimed at improving learning outcomes of those "left behind" in Indian schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They found that the program substantially improved learning outcomes, in contrast to other interventions such as providing textbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their research has encouraged the proliferation of "Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL)", an educational program aimed at improving learning outcomes by providing targeted instruction to primary school pupils behind on mathematics and reading.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender">Gender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In other early work, Duflo examines the role of gender in the intra-household allocation of resources by leveraging another unique policy shock: a large increase in the value of old-age pensions in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duflo shows that in households containing elderly females ("grandmothers"), the increase in pension was associated with an increase in the <a href="/wiki/Body_mass_index" title="Body mass index">body mass index</a> of young girls ("granddaughters").<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, she documents no such effect if the only pension recipient is an elderly man ("grandfather").<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This result suggests that girls may benefit when a larger proportion of household resources are controlled by older female family members.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microfinance">Microfinance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Microfinance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among Duflo's most cited work leverages a randomized impact evaluation to test the effects of <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> on household consumption and well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research was a direct response to the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> as a tool to eliminate global poverty, and Duflo's perception that <a href="/wiki/Microcredit" title="Microcredit">microcredit</a> was being celebrated as a development intervention despite no systematic evidence on its efficacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside Cynthia Kinnan, <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a>, Duflo partnered with a <a href="/wiki/Microcredit" title="Microcredit">microcredit</a> firm in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad, India</a> to conduct a <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trial</a> on the effects of expanding access to <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> on development outcomes of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She found that <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> may allow some individuals to start businesses or acquire assets, but found little evidence that <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> caused an increase in overall consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results were received negatively in the <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> industry,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and inspired several follow-on studies of the effects of <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> in other geographic contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Rachael Meager — a former <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> student of Duflo — published a <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> of the literature in the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Journal" title="American Economic Journal"><i>American Economic Journal: Applied Economics</i></a>, finding little evidence to suggest that <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> raises consumption or encourages household small business creation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duflo is married to MIT professor <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>; the couple have two children.<sup id="cite_ref-FT_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banerjee was a joint supervisor of Duflo's PhD in economics at MIT in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-tpl_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tpl-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2011, Duflo released her book <i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Economics" title="Poor Economics">Poor Economics</a></i>, co-authored with Banerjee. It documents their 15 years of experience in conducting randomized control trials to alleviate poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Economics_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Economics-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book has received critical acclaim. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> called it "a marvelously insightful book by the two outstanding researchers on the real nature of poverty."<sup id="cite_ref-Amazon_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infosys_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infosys-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, she co-authored with Banerjee their latest book, "Good Economics for Hard Times," where she discusses possible solutions to a series of current issues such as inequality, climate change, and globalization.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBanerjeeDuflo2019" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Abhijit V.; Duflo, Esther (2019). <a href="/wiki/Good_Economics_for_Hard_Times:_Better_Answers_to_Our_Biggest_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Economics for Hard Times: Better Answers to Our Biggest Problems"><i>Good Economics for Hard Times: Better Answers to Our Biggest Problems</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61039-950-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61039-950-0"><bdi>978-1-61039-950-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Economics+for+Hard+Times%3A+Better+Answers+to+Our+Biggest+Problems&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-61039-950-0&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Abhijit+V.&rft.au=Duflo%2C+Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjeeDuflo2017" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak; Duflo, Esther, eds. (2017). <i>Handbook of Field Experiments, Volume 1</i>. <a href="/wiki/North-Holland_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="North-Holland Publishing Company">North-Holland Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444633248" title="Special:BookSources/9780444633248"><bdi>9780444633248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Field+Experiments%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=North-Holland+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780444633248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjeeDuflo2011" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Abhijit V.; Duflo, Esther (2011). <a href="/wiki/Poor_Economics" title="Poor Economics"><i>Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610390408" title="Special:BookSources/9781610390408"><bdi>9781610390408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poor+Economics%3A+A+Radical+Rethinking+of+the+Way+to+Fight+Global+Poverty&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781610390408&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Abhijit+V.&rft.au=Duflo%2C+Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjeeDuflo2017" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak; Duflo, Esther, eds. (2017). <i>Handbook of Field Experiments, Volume 2</i>. <a href="/wiki/North-Holland_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="North-Holland Publishing Company">North-Holland Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444640116" title="Special:BookSources/9780444640116"><bdi>9780444640116</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Field+Experiments%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=North-Holland+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780444640116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuflo,_Esther2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duflo, Esther (2010). <i>Le Développement Humain (Lutter contre la pauvreté, volume 1</i> (in French). Paris: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Éditions du Seuil</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2021014747" title="Special:BookSources/978-2021014747"><bdi>978-2021014747</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+D%C3%A9veloppement+Humain+%28Lutter+contre+la+pauvret%C3%A9%2C+volume+1&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Seuil&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2021014747&rft.au=Duflo%2C+Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuflo,_Esther2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duflo, Esther (2010). <i>Le Développement Humain (Lutter contre la pauvreté, volume 2</i> (in French). Paris: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Éditions du Seuil</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2021011876" title="Special:BookSources/978-2021011876"><bdi>978-2021011876</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+D%C3%A9veloppement+Humain+%28Lutter+contre+la+pauvret%C3%A9%2C+volume+2&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Seuil&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2021011876&rft.au=Duflo%2C+Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuflo,_Esther2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duflo, Esther (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205041401/https://economics.mit.edu/faculty/eduflo/publications"><i>Expérience, science et lutter contre la pauvreté</i></a> (in French). Paris: <a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2818500071" title="Special:BookSources/978-2818500071"><bdi>978-2818500071</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economics.mit.edu/faculty/eduflo/publications">the original</a> on 5 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exp%C3%A9rience%2C+science+et+lutter+contre+la+pauvret%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2818500071&rft.au=Duflo%2C+Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomics.mit.edu%2Ffaculty%2Feduflo%2Fpublications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papers">Papers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duflo has published numerous papers, receiving 6,200 citations in 2017. Most of them have appeared in the top five economic journals.<sup id="cite_ref-erasmus_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erasmus-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_prize_in_Economic_Sciences">Nobel prize in Economic Sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nobel prize in Economic Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esther Duflo was awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 2019 along with her two co-researchers Abhijit Banerjee and Michael Kremer "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty". Duflo is the youngest person (at age 46) and the second woman to win this award (after <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> in 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The press release from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> noted: "Their experimental research methods now entirely dominate <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-NobelWeb_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelWeb-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardianlive_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardianlive-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nobel committee commented: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Banerjee, Duflo and their co-authors concluded that students appeared to learn nothing from additional days at school. Neither did spending on textbooks seem to boost learning, even though the schools in Kenya lacked many essential inputs. Moreover, in the Indian context Banerjee and Duflo intended to study, many children appeared to learn little: in results from field tests in the city of <a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a> fewer than one in five third-grade students could correctly answer first-grade curriculum math test questions.<sup id="cite_ref-guardianlive_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardianlive-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In response to such findings, Banerjee, Duflo and co-authors argued that efforts to get more children into school must be complemented by reforms to improve school quality.<sup id="cite_ref-guardianlive_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardianlive-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Responding by telephone to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Duflo explained that she received the prize "at an extremely opportune and important time" and hoped that it would "inspire many, many other women to continue working and many other men to give them the respect that they deserve, like every single human being."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also revealed that she wanted to use the award as a "megaphone" in her fighting efforts to tackle poverty and to improve children's education.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> offered his congratulations: "Esther Duflo's magnificent Nobel Prize is a reminder that French economists are currently among the best in the world and shows that research in that field can have concrete impact on human welfare."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the discussion related to the prize shared by Duflo and her co-laureates focused on their influential use of <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomized controlled trials">randomized controlled trials</a> in designing their experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summarizing the research approach which she had utilized along with Banerjee and Kremer, Duflo said simply, "Our goal is to make sure that the fight against poverty is based on <a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">scientific evidence</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duflo came under criticism from the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> party currently in power in India, due to the party's displeasure over her husband Abhijit Banerjee achieving the Nobel Prize. Many within the party derogatorily commented that Banerjee had been preferred by the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel committee">Nobel committee</a> over other Hindu academicians, due to him marrying a white European woman (viz Duflo), which was in violation of the Hindu preference for <a href="/wiki/Endogamy" title="Endogamy">endogamy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_awards">Other awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Duflo was awarded the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315132129/http://www.cswep.org/awards.htm">Elaine Bennett Research Prize</a> by the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> in 2002, which honours a female economist under 40 who has made outstanding contributions in any field of economic research.<sup id="cite_ref-EBRP_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBRP-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, the think tank <i><a href="/wiki/Cercle_des_%C3%A9conomistes" title="Cercle des économistes">Cercle des économistes</a></i> awarded her the Best Young French Economist prize.<sup id="cite_ref-LeMonde_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeMonde-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> listed Duflo as one of the top eight young economists in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-TheEconomist_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheEconomist-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2008, the American magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i> named her as one of the top 100 public intellectuals in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2009, she was named a <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">MacArthur Foundation Fellow</a>, otherwise known as a "<a href="/wiki/Genius" title="Genius">genius</a>" grant.<sup id="cite_ref-MacArthur_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacArthur-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> since 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 May 2009, she was selected as the first recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Calv%C3%B3-Armengol_International_Prize" title="Calvó-Armengol International Prize">Calvó-Armengol International Prize</a>, which she finally received on 4 June 2010. The prize is awarded every two years to a top young researcher in economics or the social sciences for contributions to the theory and comprehension of the mechanisms of social interaction.<sup id="cite_ref-CAIP_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAIP-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>She is a recipient of the 2010 <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark_Medal" title="John Bates Clark Medal">John Bates Clark Medal</a> for economists under 40 who have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-JBCL_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBCL-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the autumn of 2010, she was named to <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i> magazine's <a href="/wiki/40_Under_40" title="40 Under 40">40 Under 40</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received her (first) honorary doctorate from the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Université catholique de Louvain</a>, on 2 February 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2010, <i>Foreign Policy</i> again named her to its list of top 100 global thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>She was named one of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">100 most influential people in the world</a> in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2012, Duflo was picked by <i>Foreign Policy</i> magazine as one of its Top 100 Global Thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>She shared the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Loeb_Award" title="Gerald Loeb Award">Gerald Loeb Award</a> Honorable Mention for Business Book for <i>Poor Economics</i> with co-author <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LOEB-2012_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOEB-2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, Duflo was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Dan_David_Prize" title="Dan David Prize">Dan David Prize</a> for her contribution to the advancement of "Preventive Medicine"<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In November 2013, she was honoured as an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_national_du_M%C3%A9rite" title="Ordre national du Mérite">French Order of Merit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>She received the <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Award" title="John von Neumann Award">John von Neumann Award</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rajk_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_College_for_Advanced_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajk László College for Advanced Studies">Rajk László College for Advanced Studies</a> in December 2013.</li> <li>In 2014, she won the <a href="/wiki/Infosys_Prize" title="Infosys Prize">Infosys Prize</a> in Social Science-Economics for leading "a major shift in development economics".<sup id="cite_ref-infosys_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infosys-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>She received the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Princess of Asturias Social Sciences</a> award in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, she received the A.SK Social Sciences Award from the <a href="/wiki/WZB_Berlin_Social_Science_Center" title="WZB Berlin Social Science Center">WZB Berlin Social Science Center</a>, one of the world's largest awards in the social sciences, which is endowed with US$200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 8 November 2019, she received an honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus University Rotterdam">Erasmus University Rotterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2022, Esther Duflo and <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commandeur of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (France).</li> <li>Officier of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">National Order of Merit</a> (France).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Duflo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wzb.eu&rft.atitle=Esther+Duflo+is+the+2015+A.SK+Social+Science+Award+Winner+%7C+WZB&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wzb.eu%2Fen%2Fpress-release%2Festher-duflo-is-the-2015-ask-social-science-award-winner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsther+Duflo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eur.nl/en/about-eur/organisation-administration/tradition-and-history/honorary-doctorates">Honorary Doctorates</a> - website of the Erasmus University Rotterdam</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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href="https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2023-10/ESTHER%20DUFLO%20CV_current_0.pdf">her CV with comprehensive list of awards and publications</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.povertyactionlab.com">Poverty Action Lab</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philanthropyaction.com/nc/an_extended_interview_with_abhijit_banerjee_and_esther_duflo/">2011 Interview of Esther Duflo at Philanthropy Action</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014143908/http://philanthropyaction.com/nc/an_extended_interview_with_abhijit_banerjee_and_esther_duflo/">Archived</a> 14 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/e/pdu166.html">Profile</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://econpapers.repec.org/RAS/pdu166.htm">Papers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Research_Papers_in_Economics" title="Research Papers in Economics">Research Papers in Economics</a>/RePEc</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yhDMl8AAAAAJ">Esther Duflo</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/people/Esther_Duflo">Publications</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/983">Esther Duflo</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434509#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John R. Hicks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich August von Hayek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James E. Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">Sir Arthur Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry M. Markowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton H. Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald H. Coase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass C. North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron S. Scholes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert A. Mundell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive W.J. Granger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert J. Aumann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric S. Maskin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen" title="Dale T. Mortensen">Dale T. Mortensen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher A. Pissarides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist)" title="Simon Johnson (economist)">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2019_Nobel_Prize_laureates845" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2019 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2019 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2019_Nobel_Prize_laureates845" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2019 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> (United Kingdom/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> (Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a> (Austria)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> (Ethiopia)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Jim Peebles</a> (Canada/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">William Kaelin Jr.</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> (United States)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a> (France/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prizes" title="2014 Nobel Prizes">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prizes" title="2015 Nobel Prizes">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prizes" title="2016 Nobel Prizes">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prizes" title="2017 Nobel Prizes">2017</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prizes" title="2018 Nobel Prizes">2018</a></dd> <dd><b>2019 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prizes" title="2020 Nobel Prizes">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prizes" title="2021 Nobel Prizes">2021</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prizes" title="2022 Nobel Prizes">2022</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prizes" title="2023 Nobel Prizes">2023</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prizes" title="2024 Nobel Prizes">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize_recipients44" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize_recipients" title="Template:Elaine Bennett Research Prize recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize_recipients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Elaine Bennett Research Prize recipients (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elaine Bennett Research Prize recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize_recipients44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize" title="Elaine Bennett Research Prize">Elaine Bennett Research Prize</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Chevalier" title="Judith Chevalier">Judith Chevalier</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan C. Athey</a> (2000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Bertrand" title="Marianne Bertrand">Marianne Bertrand</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Piazzesi" title="Monika Piazzesi">Monika Piazzesi</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Finkelstein" title="Amy Finkelstein">Amy Finkelstein</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Field" title="Erica Field">Erica Field</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Mikusheva" title="Anna Mikusheva">Anna Mikusheva</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emi_Nakamura" title="Emi Nakamura">Emi Nakamura</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Halac" title="Marina Halac">Marina Halac</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Dell" title="Melissa Dell">Melissa Dell</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Stantcheva" title="Stefanie Stantcheva">Stefanie Stantcheva</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Diamond_(economist)" title="Rebecca Diamond (economist)">Rebecca Diamond</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Rossin-Slater" title="Maya Rossin-Slater">Maya Rossin-Slater</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Bates_Clark_Medal_recipients37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Bates_Clark_Medal_recipients" title="Template:John Bates Clark Medal recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Bates_Clark_Medal_recipients" title="Template talk:John Bates Clark Medal recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Bates_Clark_Medal_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Bates Clark Medal recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Bates_Clark_Medal_recipients37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark_Medal" title="John Bates Clark Medal">John Bates Clark Medal</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> (1951)</li> <li><i>No Award</i> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_S._Houthakker" title="Hendrik S. Houthakker">Hendrik S. Houthakker</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nerlove" title="Marc Nerlove">Marc Leon Nerlove</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale W. Jorgenson</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_M._Fisher" title="Franklin M. Fisher">Franklin M. Fisher</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Feldstein" title="Martin Feldstein">Martin S. Feldstein</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_A._Hausman" title="Jerry A. Hausman">Jerry A. Hausman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_J._Grossman" title="Sanford J. Grossman">Sanford J. Grossman</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kreps" title="David M. Kreps">David M. Kreps</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul R. Krugman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence H. Summers</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_M._Murphy" title="Kevin M. Murphy">Kevin M. Murphy</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Shleifer" title="Andrei Shleifer">Andrei Shleifer</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rabin" title="Matthew Rabin">Matthew Rabin</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Levitt" title="Steven Levitt">Steven Levitt</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan C. Athey</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Saez" title="Emmanuel Saez">Emmanuel Saez</a> (2009)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Levin_(economist)" title="Jonathan Levin (economist)">Jonathan Levin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Finkelstein" title="Amy Finkelstein">Amy Finkelstein</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Chetty" title="Raj Chetty">Raj Chetty</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Gentzkow" title="Matthew Gentzkow">Matthew Gentzkow</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_G._Fryer_Jr." title="Roland G. Fryer Jr.">Roland Fryer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Sannikov" title="Yuliy Sannikov">Yuliy Sannikov</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Donaldson_(economist)" title="Dave Donaldson (economist)">Dave Donaldson</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parag_Pathak" title="Parag Pathak">Parag Pathak</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emi_Nakamura" title="Emi Nakamura">Emi Nakamura</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Dell" title="Melissa Dell">Melissa Dell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Andrews" title="Isaiah Andrews">Isaiah Andrews</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Itskhoki" title="Oleg Itskhoki">Oleg Itskhoki</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Zucman" title="Gabriel Zucman">Gabriel Zucman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Strack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Strack (page does not exist)">Philipp Strack</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_von_Neumann_Award_recipients37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_von_Neumann_Award_recipients" title="Template:John von Neumann Award recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:John_von_Neumann_Award_recipients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:John von Neumann Award recipients (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_von_Neumann_Award_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John von Neumann Award recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_von_Neumann_Award_recipients37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Award" title="John von Neumann Award">John von Neumann Award</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Varian" title="Hal Varian">Hal Varian</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">Kornai János</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver Williamson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash K. Dixit</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Elster" title="Jon Elster">Jon Elster</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Obstfeld" title="Maurice Obstfeld">Maurice Obstfeld</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Glenn C. Loury</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rabin" title="Matthew Rabin">Matthew Rabin</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_M._Murphy" title="Kevin M. Murphy">Kevin M. Murphy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Aghion" title="Philippe Aghion">Philippe Aghion</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Tim Besley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a> (2012)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a> (2013)<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Saez" title="Emmanuel Saez">Emmanuel Saez</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_O._Jackson" title="Matthew O. Jackson">Matthew O. Jackson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Thaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard H. Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani_Rodrik" title="Dani Rodrik">Dani Rodrik</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan Athey</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Mazzucato" title="Mariana Mazzucato">Mariana Mazzucato</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Gentzkow" title="Matthew Gentzkow">Matthew Gentzkow</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gerald_Loeb_Award_winners_for_Business_Books48" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #eedd82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GeraldLoebAward_Business_Book" title="Template:GeraldLoebAward Business Book"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GeraldLoebAward_Business_Book" title="Template talk:GeraldLoebAward Business Book"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GeraldLoebAward_Business_Book" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GeraldLoebAward Business Book"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_winners_for_Business_Books48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Loeb_Award_winners_for_Business_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald Loeb Award winners for Business Books">Gerald Loeb Award winners for Business Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Special_Book_Award_(1969)43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Special Book Award (1969)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">(1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Goodman" title="George Goodman">George J. W. Goodman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Books_(1974)40" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Books (1974)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">(1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brooks_(writer)" title="John Brooks (writer)">John Brooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Business_Book_(2006–2012)62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Business Book (2006–2012)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">(2006–2012)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Stewart" title="James B. Stewart">James B. Stewart</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Chris_Anderson_(writer)" title="Chris Anderson (writer)">Chris Anderson</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kaplan" title="David A. Kaplan">David A. Kaplan</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Morris" title="Charles R. Morris">Charles R. Morris</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ross_Sorkin" title="Andrew Ross Sorkin">Andrew Ross Sorkin</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Mallaby" title="Sebastian Mallaby">Sebastian Mallaby</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a></li> <li>2012 (HM): <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit V. Banerjee</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences105" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences105" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rom%C3%A1n_Perpi%C3%B1%C3%A1_Grau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Román Perpiñá Grau (page does not exist)">Román Perpiñá Grau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A0_Perpiny%C3%A0_Grau" class="extiw" title="ca:Romà Perpinyà Grau">ca</a>]</span></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Dom%C3%ADnguez_Ortiz" title="Antonio Domínguez Ortiz">Antonio Domínguez Ortiz</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Julio_Caro_Baroja" title="Julio Caro Baroja">Julio Caro Baroja</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Enterr%C3%ADa" title="Eduardo García de Enterría">Eduardo García de Enterría</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Carande" title="Ramón Carande">Ramón Carande Thovar</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Pinillos_D%C3%ADaz" title="José Luis Pinillos Díaz">José Luis Pinillos</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Linz" title="Juan José Linz">Juan José Linz</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Luis_D%C3%ADez_del_Corral" title="Luis Díez del Corral">Luis Díez del Corral</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Agesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Sánchez Agesta (page does not exist)">Luis Sánchez Agesta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Agesta" class="extiw" title="es:Luis Sánchez Agesta">es</a>]</span></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Fuentes_Quintana" title="Enrique Fuentes Quintana">Enrique Fuentes Quintana</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Ur%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodrigo Uría González (page does not exist)">Rodrigo Uría González</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Ur%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="extiw" title="es:Rodrigo Uría González">es</a>]</span></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Artola_Gallego" title="Miguel Artola Gallego">Miguel Artola Gallego</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velarde_(economist)" title="Juan Velarde (economist)">Juan Velarde Fuertes</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Zavala" title="Silvio Zavala">Silvio Zavala</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Aurelio Menéndez">Aurelio Menéndez Menéndez</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Ver%C3%ADssimo_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão">Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miquel_Batllori_i_Munn%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miquel Batllori i Munné (page does not exist)">Miquel Batllori i Munné</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_Batllori_i_Munn%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="ca:Miquel Batllori i Munné">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_Batllori" class="extiw" title="es:Miquel Batllori">es</a>]</span></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/J._H._Elliott" title="J. H. Elliott">John H. Elliott</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%AD_de_Riquer_i_Morera" title="Martí de Riquer i Morera">Martí de Riquer i Morera</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Carr" title="Raymond Carr">Raymond Carr</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/El_Colegio_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="El Colegio de México">El Colegio de México</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Iglesias_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Iglesias Santos (page does not exist)">Juan Iglesias Santos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Iglesias_Santos" class="extiw" title="ca:Juan Iglesias Santos">ca</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Iglesias_Santos" class="extiw" title="es:Juan Iglesias Santos">es</a>]</span></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Sartori" title="Giovanni Sartori">Giovanni Sartori</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Dahrendorf" title="Ralf Dahrendorf">Ralf Dahrendorf</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov" title="Tzvetan Todorov">Tzvetan Todorov</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li>2010: The archaeological team of the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Gardner" title="Howard Gardner">Howard Gardner</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Saskia_Sassen" title="Saskia Sassen">Saskia Sassen</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P%C3%A9rez" title="Joseph Pérez">Joseph Pérez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Social_Sciences46" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esther Duflo</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Karen Armstrong</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Michael Sandel</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Portes" title="Alejandro Portes">Alejandro Portes</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Dani_Rodrik" title="Dani Rodrik">Dani Rodrik</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Matos_Moctezuma" title="Eduardo Matos Moctezuma">Eduardo Matos Moctezuma</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Carr%C3%A8re_d%27Encausse" title="Hélène Carrère d'Encausse">Hélène Carrère d'Encausse</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3576" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12925312X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00065980">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16080743v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16080743v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001106419">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Duflo, Esther"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PARV130695">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2007370743&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5190773">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1519603">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p298424681">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2046010">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000104252&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=328703">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201223492">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810674274405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007435341805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058529119406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14369255">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17196450?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-617X">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=198179">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602205596">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:duflo.esther">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yhDMl8AAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/147/4847">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/740393">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/12925312X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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