CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Victoria Cross - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"0563e63f-6010-4574-83ae-afe084708170","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Victoria_Cross","wgTitle":"Victoria Cross","wgCurRevisionId":68314305,"wgRevisionId":68314305,"wgArticleId":155015,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Onderscheiding in het Verenigd Koninkrijk","Militaire onderscheiding"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Victoria_Cross","wgRelevantArticleId":155015,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q219578","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg/1200px-Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="629"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg/800px-Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="420"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg/640px-Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="336"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Victoria Cross - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Victoria_Cross rootpage-Victoria_Cross skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Victoria+Cross&returntoquery=oldid%3D68314305" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Victoria+Cross&returntoquery=oldid%3D68314305" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Victoria+Cross&returntoquery=oldid%3D68314305" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Victoria+Cross&returntoquery=oldid%3D68314305" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-1945-2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945-2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>1945-2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945-2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21ste_eeuw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21ste_eeuw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>21ste eeuw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21ste_eeuw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Victoria Cross</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 44 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriakruis" title="Victoriakruis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Victoriakruis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="صليب فيكتوريا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صليب فيكتوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriya_xa%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Viktoriya xaçı – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viktoriya xaçı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Крыж Вікторыі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыж Вікторыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8" title="ভিক্টোরিয়া ক্রস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্টোরিয়া ক্রস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creu_Vict%C3%B2ria" title="Creu Victòria – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Creu Victòria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriin_k%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Viktoriin kříž – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viktoriin kříž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croes_Fictoria" title="Croes Fictoria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Croes Fictoria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriakorset" title="Victoriakorset – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Victoriakorset" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria-Kreuz" title="Victoria-Kreuz – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Victoria-Kreuz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Victoria Cross" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoria_kruco" title="Viktoria kruco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viktoria kruco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz_Victoria" title="Cruz Victoria – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruz Victoria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_rist" title="Victoria rist – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Victoria rist" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="صلیب ویکتوریا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صلیب ویکتوریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorian_risti" title="Viktorian risti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viktorian risti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix_de_Victoria" title="Croix de Victoria – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croix de Victoria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="צלב ויקטוריה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צלב ויקטוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="विक्टोरिया क्रास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विक्टोरिया क्रास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijin_kri%C5%BE" title="Viktorijin križ – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viktorijin križ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salib_Victoria" title="Salib Victoria – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salib Victoria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Victoria Cross" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E7%AB%A0" title="ヴィクトリア十字章 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクトリア十字章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%ED%9B%88%EC%9E%A5" title="빅토리아 십자훈장 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅토리아 십자훈장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijas_krusts" title="Viktorijas krusts – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktorijas krusts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Victoria Cross" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="भिक्टोरिया क्रस – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिक्टोरिया क्रस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Victoria Cross" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ ਕਰਾਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ ਕਰਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzy%C5%BC_Wiktorii" title="Krzyż Wiktorii – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzyż Wiktorii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="وکٹوریہ کراس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وکٹوریہ کراس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz_Vit%C3%B3ria" title="Cruz Vitória – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cruz Vitória" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucea_Victoria" title="Crucea Victoria – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Crucea Victoria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Крест Виктории – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крест Виктории" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="وڪٽوريا ڪراس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪٽوريا ڪراس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Victoria Cross" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijin_kri%C5%BEec" title="Viktorijin križec – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viktorijin križec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Викторијин крст – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Викторијин крст" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriakorset" title="Viktoriakorset – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viktoriakorset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Ha%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Victoria Haçı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Victoria Haçı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Хрест Вікторії – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хрест Вікторії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="وکٹوریہ کراس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وکٹوریہ کراس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A2n_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Ch%E1%BB%AF_th%E1%BA%ADp_Victoria" title="Huân chương Chữ thập Victoria – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Huân chương Chữ thập Victoria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%8B%8B%E7%AB%A0" title="维多利亚十字勋章 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维多利亚十字勋章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Victoria_Cross&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Victoria_Cross" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Victoria_Cross" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&oldid=68314305" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Victoria_Cross&id=68314305&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DVictoria_Cross%26oldid%3D68314305"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DVictoria_Cross%26oldid%3D68314305"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Victoria+Cross"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Victoria_Cross&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victoria_Cross" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219578" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current">Dit is de <b>huidige versie</b> van de pagina <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victoria Cross</a> voor het laatst bewerkt door <a href="/wiki/Gebruiker:Maarten1963" class="mw-userlink" title="Gebruiker:Maarten1963" data-mw-revid="68314305"><bdi>Maarten1963</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Overleg_gebruiker:Maarten1963" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Overleg gebruiker:Maarten1963">overleg</a> | <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Bijdragen/Maarten1963" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Speciaal:Bijdragen/Maarten1963">bijdragen</a>)</span> op 29 okt 2024 22:06. Deze <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> is een permanente link naar deze versie van deze pagina.</div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&diff=prev&oldid=68314305" title="Victoria Cross">wijz</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&direction=prev&oldid=68314305" title="Victoria Cross">← Oudere versie</a> | Huidige versie (wijz) | Nieuwere versie → (wijz)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Victoria Cross </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Victoria_Cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Victoria Cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Victoria_Cross.jpg/125px-Victoria_Cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Victoria_Cross.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Uitgereikt door Regerend vorst van het Verenigd Koninkrijk </th></tr> <tr> <th>Type </th> <td colspan="2">medaille </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bestemd voor </th> <td colspan="2">militairen </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uitgereikt voor </th> <td colspan="2">zeer bijzondere dapperheid, of bijzondere daad van moed of opoffering of extreme plichtsbetrachting in de aanwezigheid van de vijand </td></tr> <tr> <th>Status </th> <td colspan="2">Wordt nog steeds uitgereikt </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Statistieken </th></tr> <tr> <th>Instelling </th> <td colspan="2">1856 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Laatst uitgereikt </th> <td colspan="2">26 februari 2015 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Totaal uitgereikt </th> <td colspan="2">1358 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Volgorde </th></tr> <tr> <th>Volgende (lager) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Ridderorden" title="Portaal:Ridderorden">Ridderorden</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg/260px-Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg/390px-Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg/520px-Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1311" /></a><figcaption>Het Victoria Cross en de <a href="/wiki/Orde_van_Voorname_Dienst_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Orde van Voorname Dienst (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">DSO</a> met gesp van <a href="/wiki/Guy_Gibson" title="Guy Gibson">Guy Gibson</a> VC, DSO, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">DFC</a> opgemaakt in de Britse <a href="/wiki/Hofstijl" title="Hofstijl">hofstijl</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>Victoria Cross</b> is de hoogste Britse <a href="/wiki/Militaire_onderscheiding" title="Militaire onderscheiding">militaire onderscheiding</a>, enigszins vergelijkbaar met de Nederlandse <a href="/wiki/Militaire_Willems-Orde" title="Militaire Willems-Orde">Militaire Willems-Orde</a>, maar nog schaarser dan de Nederlandse variant (1358 tegen 6000 laureaten). </p><p>Het kruis kan worden toegekend voor "<i>most conspicuous bravery, or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice, or extreme devotion to duty in the presence of the enemy</i>" vrij vertaald door "zeer bijzondere dapperheid, of bijzondere daad van moed of opoffering of extreme plichtsbetrachting in de aanwezigheid van de vijand".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er wordt geschat dat slechts ongeveer 1 op de 10 heldendaden die voor het VC in aanmerking zouden komen door de betrokkene wordt overleefd. Een laureaat mag de letters 'VC' achter zijn naam zetten. </p><p>De medaille is een bronskleurig kruis met in het midden een gekroonde <a href="/wiki/Leeuw_(heraldiek)" title="Leeuw (heraldiek)">leeuw</a> boven een Britse <a href="/wiki/Koningskroon" title="Koningskroon">Koningskroon</a>. Het <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> is "<i>For Valour</i>" (Engels: Voor heldhaftigheid). Het lint is wijnrood. </p><p>De onderscheiding werd na de <a href="/wiki/Krimoorlog" title="Krimoorlog">Krimoorlog</a> in 1856 ingesteld door koningin <a href="/wiki/Victoria_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Victoria van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Victoria</a> en is sindsdien 1355 maal uitgereikt, waarvan slechts 16 maal sinds de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>. </p><p>Drie mensen kregen het Victoria Cross tweemaal toegekend. Dit waren de twee Britse artsen <a href="/wiki/Noel_Chavasse" title="Noel Chavasse">Noel Chavasse</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Martin-Leake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Martin-Leake (de pagina bestaat niet)">Arthur Martin-Leake</a> die hun tweede kruis postuum toegekend kregen voor het redden van gewonden onder vijandelijk vuur. De Nieuw-Zeelander <a href="/wiki/Charles_Upham" title="Charles Upham">Charles Upham</a> kreeg zijn twee kruisen voor gevechtsacties en heeft deze ook beide keren overleefd. Een andere arts, <a href="/wiki/William_George_Nicholas_Manley" title="William George Nicholas Manley">William George Nicholas Manley</a>, is de enige man die zowel het Victoria Cross als het <a href="/wiki/IJzeren_Kruis_(Duitsland)" title="IJzeren Kruis (Duitsland)">IJzeren Kruis</a> toegekend kreeg. Het Victoria Cross kreeg hij tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Maori_(volk)" title="Maori (volk)">Maorioorlog</a> in Nieuw-Zeeland en het IJzeren Kruis tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Frans-Duitse_Oorlog" title="Frans-Duitse Oorlog">Frans-Duitse Oorlog</a> van 1870–71. </p><p>Air-<a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rang)" title="Commodore (rang)">commodore</a> <a href="/wiki/Freddie_West" title="Freddie West">Freddie West</a> was de langstlevende veteraan uit de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Wereldoorlog" title="Eerste Wereldoorlog">Eerste Wereldoorlog</a>, die het Victoria Cross kreeg. Hij overleed op 92-jarige leeftijd in 1988. </p><p>Trooper Christopher Finney had in aanmerking kunnen komen voor het Victoria Cross tijdens een actie in Irak in 2003 waar hij onder vuur diverse collega's redde uit hun tanks. Voor het Victoria Cross moet echter een heldendaad verricht worden "<i>in the face of the enemy</i>", en Finney en zijn collega's werden beschoten door Amerikanen. Finney kreeg wel het hoogste alternatief, het <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Er werd lange tijd aangenomen dat de kruisen altijd worden gemaakt van het <a href="/wiki/Brons" title="Brons">brons</a> van twee <a href="/wiki/Kanon_(geschut)" title="Kanon (geschut)">kanonnen</a> die in de <a href="/wiki/Krimoorlog" title="Krimoorlog">Krimoorlog</a> waren buitgemaakt op de Russen bij <a href="/wiki/Sebastopol" title="Sebastopol">Sebastopol</a>. Uit onderzoek in 1990 bleek echter dat de antieke kruisen waren vervaardigd uit brons van Chinese kanonnen, die waarschijnlijk in de <a href="/wiki/Opiumoorlogen" title="Opiumoorlogen">Opiumoorlogen</a> buitgemaakt zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1945-2000">1945-2000</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: 1945-2000" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: 1945-2000"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de tweede helft van de 20ste eeuw werd het Victoria Cross nog dertien keer uitgereikt, negen aan Britse militairen en vier aan Australische militairen. </p> <ul><li>4 in de <a href="/wiki/Koreaanse_Oorlog" title="Koreaanse Oorlog">Koreaanse Oorlog</a></li> <li>1 tijdens de confrontatie tussen Indonesië en Maleisië in 1965</li> <li>4 aan Australiërs tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Vietnamoorlog" title="Vietnamoorlog">Vietnamoorlog</a></li> <li>2 tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Falklandoorlog" title="Falklandoorlog">Falklandoorlog</a> in 1982</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21ste_eeuw">21ste eeuw</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: 21ste eeuw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: 21ste eeuw"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De laatste vijf kruisen zijn uitgereikt voor de strijd in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>: </p> <ul><li>Op 18 maart 2005 ontving soldaat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnson_Beharry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnson Beharry (de pagina bestaat niet)">Johnson Beharry</a> het voor het herhaaldelijk onder vijandelijk vuur redden van een aantal collega's tijdens de oorlog in Irak, waarbij hij de tweede maal zelf ernstig gewond raakte aan het hoofd. De twee keer daarvoor betrof het postuum toegekende medailles tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Falklandoorlog" title="Falklandoorlog">Falklandoorlog</a>; de laatste maal dat een ontvanger het kruis daarvoor levend in handen kreeg was in 1965.</li> <li>Op 14 december 2006 werd bekend dat korporaal Bryan Budd van het <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parachute_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parachute Regiment (de pagina bestaat niet)">Parachute Regiment</a></i> het Victoria Cross postuum kreeg toegekend voor de strijd tegen de <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> in Afghanistan in juli en augustus 2006.</li> <li>Op 2 juli 2007 werd bekend dat korporaal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Apiata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Apiata (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bill Apiata</a> van de Nieuw-Zeelandse <i><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></i> (NZ SAS) het Victoria Cross kreeg toegekend vanwege de redding van een gewonde collega onder vuur in Afghanistan in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lance corporal James Ashworth werd in mei 2013 postuum met het Victoria Cross onderscheiden voor zijn leidende rol bij de aanval op een vijandelijke <i>compound</i> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Hij kwam bij deze actie op 13 juni 2012 om het leven.</li> <li>Op 26 februari 2015 ontving de paratrooper Joshua Leakey uit handen van <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Elizabeth II van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Koningin Elizabeth</a> het Victoria Cross voor zijn optreden in <a href="/wiki/Helmand_(provincie)" title="Helmand (provincie)">Helmand</a>, Afghanistan, in augustus 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ricketts" title="Thomas Ricketts">Thomas Ricketts</a>, de jongste persoon ooit die het Victoria Cross ontving wegens moed op het slagveld</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210734/http://www.operations.mod.uk/honours/honours.htm">Defence Internet, Fact Sheets, Guide to Honours</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/57100/supplements/1">Operational Honours List - Iraq Supplement</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_London_Gazette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The London Gazette (de pagina bestaat niet)">The London Gazette</a></i>, 30 oktober 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0707/S00013.htm"><i>Scoop: NZSAS Gallantry in Afghanistan recognised</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW9QhP8K3HI">Paratrooper Awarded Victoria Cross by The Queen</a>, Forces TV, 17 april 2015 op YouTube.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="De_onderscheidingen_voor_dapperheid_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk_en_zijn_overzeese_gebieden" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_onderscheidingen_voor_dapperheid_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie onderscheidingen voor dapperheid Verenigd Koninkrijk"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_onderscheidingen_voor_dapperheid_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_onderscheidingen_voor_dapperheid_Verenigd_Koninkrijk&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="De_onderscheidingen_voor_dapperheid_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk_en_zijn_overzeese_gebieden" class="navigatie-titel">De onderscheidingen voor dapperheid van het Verenigd Koninkrijk en zijn overzeese gebieden</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Ie categorie:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victoria Cross</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>IIe categorie voor hogere officieren (2A):</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Orde_van_Voorname_Dienst_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Orde van Voorname Dienst (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Distinguished Service Order</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indische_Orde_van_Verdienste" title="Indische Orde van Verdienste">Indian Order of Merit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Orde_van_het_Rode_Kruis_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Koninklijke Orde van het Rode Kruis (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Royal Red Cross</a> (First Class)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Moderne onderscheiding voor alle dienstgraden:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_Gallantry_Cross" title="Conspicuous Gallantry Cross">Conspicuous Gallantry Cross</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>IIIe categorie voor officieren (3A):</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Orde_van_Brits-Indi%C3%AB" title="Orde van Brits-Indië">Order of British India</a> · <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (Groot-Brittannië)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> · <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> · <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a> · <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Cross_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Air Force Cross (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Air Force Cross</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Orde_van_het_Rode_Kruis_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Koninklijke Orde van het Rode Kruis (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Royal Red Cross</a> (Second Class)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>IIe categorie (2B):</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Conduct_Medal" title="Distinguished Conduct Medal">Distinguished Conduct Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Police_Medal_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Queen's Police Medal (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Queen's Police Medal</a>, for Gallantry · <a href="/wiki/Queen%E2%80%99s_Fire_Service_Medal" title="Queen’s Fire Service Medal">Queen’s Fire Service Medal</a>, for Gallantry · <a href="/wiki/Albert_Medal" title="Albert Medal">Albert Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Edward_Medal" title="Edward Medal">Edward Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Empire_Gallantry_Medal" title="Empire Gallantry Medal">Empire Gallantry Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa_Queen%27s_Medal_for_Bravery" title="Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery">Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery</a> (in Gold) · <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_Gallantry_Medal" title="Conspicuous Gallantry Medal">Conspicuous Gallantry Medal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>IIIe categorie (3B):</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Constabulary_Medal" title="Constabulary Medal">Constabulary Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medal_for_Saving_Life_at_Sea" title="Medal for Saving Life at Sea">Medal for Saving Life at Sea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallantry_Medal" title="Queen's Gallantry Medal">Queen's Gallantry Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medaille_van_het_Britse_Rijk" title="Medaille van het Britse Rijk">British Empire Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Volunteer_Reserves_Medal" title="Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal">Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Medal_for_Chiefs" title="Queen's Medal for Chiefs">Queen's Medal for Chiefs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polar_Medal" title="Polar Medal">Polar Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Territories_Police_Medal" title="Overseas Territories Police Medal">Overseas Territories Police Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Royal_West_African_Frontier_Force_Distinguished_Conduct_Medal" title="Royal West African Frontier Force Distinguished Conduct Medal">Royal West African Frontier Force Distinguished Conduct Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/King%27s_African_Rifles_Distinguished_Conduct_Medal" title="King's African Rifles Distinguished Conduct Medal">King's African Rifles Distinguished Conduct Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indian_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Indian Distinguished Service Medal">Indian Distinguished Service Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa_Queen%27s_Medal_for_Bravery" title="Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery">Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery</a> (in Silver) · <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (Verenigd Koninkrijk)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Military_Medal" title="Military Medal">Military Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Medal" title="Distinguished Flying Medal">Distinguished Flying Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Medal" title="Air Force Medal">Air Force Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indische_Orde_van_Verdienste" title="Indische Orde van Verdienste">Indian Order of Merit</a> (Third Class) · <a href="/wiki/Burma_Gallantry_Medal" title="Burma Gallantry Medal">Burma Gallantry Medal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Medal" title="Indian Police Medal">Indian Police Medal</a>, for Gallantry · <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Police_Medal" title="Ceylon Police Medal">Ceylon Police Medal</a>, for Gallantry · <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Police_Medal" title="Sierra Leone Police Medal">Sierra Leone Police Medal</a>, for Gallantry · <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Fire_Brigades_Medal" title="Sierra Leone Fire Brigades Medal">Sierra Leone Fire Brigades Medal</a>, for Gallantry · <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Police_Medal" title="Colonial Police Medal">Colonial Police Medal</a>, for Gallantry</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>IVe categorie:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Eervolle_Vermelding" title="Eervolle Vermelding">King's/Queen's Commendation for Bravery in the Air</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eervolle_Vermelding" title="Eervolle Vermelding">King's/Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Ve categorie:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Eervolle_Vermelding" title="Eervolle Vermelding">Queen's Commendation for Bravery</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eervolle_Vermelding" title="Eervolle Vermelding">Queen's Commendation for Bravery in the Air</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>VIe categorie:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Eervolle_Vermelding" title="Eervolle Vermelding">King's/Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&oldid=68314305">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&oldid=68314305</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Onderscheiding_in_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Categorie:Onderscheiding in het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Onderscheiding in het Verenigd Koninkrijk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Militaire_onderscheiding" title="Categorie:Militaire onderscheiding">Militaire onderscheiding</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 29 okt 2024 om 22:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Cross&oldid=68314305&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b8zqw","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.134","walltime":"0.654","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1494,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":25247,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11209,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3923,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 144.574 1 -total"," 57.13% 82.594 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_militaire_onderscheiding"," 54.58% 78.914 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_generiek"," 35.67% 51.573 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_onderscheidingen_voor_dapperheid_Verenigd_Koninkrijk"," 27.87% 40.297 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_uitklapbaar"," 26.56% 38.392 1 Sjabloon:Wikidata_afbeelding"," 15.28% 22.094 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie/Tabel"," 9.87% 14.266 1 Sjabloon:PAGENAMEBASE"," 5.17% 7.477 1 Sjabloon:Appendix"," 3.56% 5.143 1 Sjabloon:References"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.003","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":626028,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-64476968cd-mb5mh","timestamp":"20241102121011","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Victoria Cross","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_Cross","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q219578","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q219578","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-18T11:45:45Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T21:06:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ca\/Guy_Gibson_Medals.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>