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Kanwal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Anila Kanwal"> <meta name="keywords" content="Anila Kanwal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Anila Kanwal" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Anila Kanwal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 33</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Anila Kanwal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Pharmacokinetic Study of Clarithromycin in Human Female of Pakistani Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atifa%20Mushtaq">Atifa Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanweer%20Khaliq"> Tanweer Khaliq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Alam%20Sher"> Hafiz Alam Sher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asia%20Farid"> Asia Farid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Kanwal"> Anila Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliha%20Sarfraz"> Maliha Sarfraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was designed to assess the various pharmacokinetic parameters of a commercially available clarithromycin Tablet (Klaricid® 250 mg Abbot, Pakistan) in plasma sample of healthy adult female volunteers by applying a rapid, sensitive and accurate HPLC-UV analytical method. The human plasma samples were evaluated by using an isocratic High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system of Sykam consisted of a pump with a column C18 column (250×4.6mn, 5µm) UV-detector. The mobile phase comprises of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 mM, pH 6.8, contained 0.7% triethylamine), methanol and acetonitrile (30:25:45, v/v/v) was delivered with injection volume of 20µL at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection was performed at λmax 275 nm. By applying this method, important pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, Area under curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2), , Volume of distribution (Vd) and Clearance (Cl) were measured. The parameters of pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin were calculated by software (APO) pharmacological analysis. Maximum plasma concentrations Cmax 2.78 ±0.33 µg/ml, time to reach maximum concentration tmax 2.82 ± 0.11 h and Area under curve AUC was 20.14 h.µg/ml. The mean ± SD values obtained for the pharmacokinetic parameters showed a significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters observed in previous literature which emphasizes the need for dose adjustment of clarithromycin in Pakistani population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pharmacokinetc" title="Pharmacokinetc">Pharmacokinetc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarothromycin" title="Clarothromycin">Clarothromycin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title="HPLC">HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143201/pharmacokinetic-study-of-clarithromycin-in-human-female-of-pakistani-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Sustainable Opportunities of Educational Facilities Provided to the Imprisoned Women's Children in Karachi's Central Jail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Un%20Nisa%20Faizi">Waqar Un Nisa Faizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Fatima%20Shakil"> Anila Fatima Shakil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilayat%20Bibi"> Wilayat Bibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hayat%20Akhtar"> Sajjad Hayat Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study will discuss the sustainable opportunities regarding educational facilities provided to the children of imprisoned women in the different jails of Pakistan particularly in Central Jail of Karachi. It will also discuss the importance of educational facilities which are required for the mental and personal growth of the children as education has the capability to enhance the general knowledge and the personality of any individual. Education is extremely important for the children whether they live in a society or in prison, because they are the future of any country. Therefore, the point of discussion in this paper will be the provision of educational facilities and sustainable opportunities regarding these facilities to the children of imprisoned women in Karachi and other countries of the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imprisoned" title="imprisoned">imprisoned</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20facilities" title=" educational facilities"> educational facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20activities" title=" criminal activities"> criminal activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20atmosphere" title=" positive atmosphere"> positive atmosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42145/sustainable-opportunities-of-educational-facilities-provided-to-the-imprisoned-womens-children-in-karachis-central-jail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> US-India Strategic Bargaining and Power Balancing in South Asia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Syed">Anila Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manzoor%20Ahmad"> Manzoor Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between United States and India has transformed from estrangement to wider engagement since 2004. With the convergence of interests and shared values both the US and India came close towards each other and evolved strategic partnership through civil nuclear cooperation. This paper analyze the cost and benefit of strategic partnership with India for US, the impact of India’s emergence as regional power on South Asian balance of power and its impact on Pak-US relationship. It also focuses on security structure of the region and challenges for the US to maintain strategic partnership with two rival states (India and Pakistan). The work also gives some recommendations for balancing power in the region in order to ensure durable peace not only between India and Pakistan but also in south Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=US-India%20strategic%20partnership" title="US-India strategic partnership">US-India strategic partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil-nuclear%20cooperation" title=" civil-nuclear cooperation"> civil-nuclear cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20of%20power" title=" balance of power"> balance of power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impacts%20on%20Pak-US%20relationship" title=" impacts on Pak-US relationship"> impacts on Pak-US relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59983/us-india-strategic-bargaining-and-power-balancing-in-south-asia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Synthesis of NiO and ZnO Nanoparticles and Charactiration for the Eradication of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Ata">Sadia Ata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Tabassum"> Anila Tabassum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samina%20ghafoor"> Samina ghafoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ijaz%20ul%20Mohsin"> Ijaz ul Mohsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Muktar"> Azam Muktar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal ions such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+, in wastewater are considered as the serious environmental problem. Among these heavy metals, Lead or Pb (II) is the most toxic heavy metal. Exposure to lead causes damage of nervous system, mental retardation, renal kidney disease, anemia and cancer in human beings. Adsorption is the most widely used method to remove metal ions based on the physical interaction between metal ions and sorbents. With the development of nanotechnology, nano-sized materials are proved to be effective sorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater due to their unique structural properties. The present work mainly focuses on the synthesis of NiO and ZnO nanoparticles for the removal of Lead ions, their preparation, characterization by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM, adsorption characteristics and mechanism, along with adsorption isotherm model and adsorption kinetics to understand the adsorption procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20isotherms" title=" adsorption isotherms"> adsorption isotherms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater "> wastewater </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23452/synthesis-of-nio-and-zno-nanoparticles-and-charactiration-for-the-eradication-of-lead-pb-from-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Numerical Solutions of Fractional Order Epidemic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Arshad">Sadia Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sohail"> Ayesha Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Javed"> Sana Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Maqbool"> Khadija Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Kanwal"> Salma Kanwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamical study of the carriers play an essential role in the evolution and global transmission of infectious diseases and will be discussed in this study. To make this approach novel, we will consider the fractional order model which is generalization of integer order derivative to an arbitrary number. Since the integration involved is non local therefore this property of fractional operator is very useful to study epidemic model for infectious diseases. An extended numerical method (ODE solver) is implemented on the model equations and we will present the simulations of the model for diﬀerent values of fractional order to study the eﬀect of carriers on transmission dynamics. Global dynamics of fractional model are established by using the reproduction number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractional%20di%EF%AC%80erential%20equation" title="Fractional diﬀerential equation">Fractional diﬀerential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numerical%20simulations" title=" Numerical simulations"> Numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20model" title=" epidemic model"> epidemic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20dynamics" title=" transmission dynamics"> transmission dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17447/numerical-solutions-of-fractional-order-epidemic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Attributes of Employee Engagement Best Practices: A Guideline for SMEs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazanfar%20Bozai">Ghazanfar Bozai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanwal%20Gul"> Kanwal Gul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Pakistan, SMEs are the major source of contribution to the economy, but due to lack of proper HR practices (lack of employee engagement), these fast growing business shut down with in few years of startup. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive literature survy of the major best practices used for employee engagement globally. This paper could be used as employee engagement best practices guide for SME’s in developing countries. This article is focused on identifying the attributes of employee engagement in different countries/ cultures and organizations. It will provide a summary of employee engagement models used globally and how SMEs could pick suitable attributes of employee engagement as per their structural culture. This article will add valuable literature on employee engagement in developing countries for new startups and small, medium business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attributes" title="attributes">attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20engagement" title=" employee engagement"> employee engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resources%20practices" title=" human resources practices"> human resources practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20medium%20enterprises" title=" small medium enterprises"> small medium enterprises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78599/attributes-of-employee-engagement-best-practices-a-guideline-for-smes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Numerical Modelling of Effective Diffusivity in Bone Tissue Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sohail">Ayesha Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Maqbool"> Khadija Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Asif"> Anila Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Ahmad"> Haroon Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of tissue engineering is an active area of research. Bone tissue engineering helps to resolve the clinical problems of critical size and non-healing defects by the creation of man-made bone tissue. We will design and validate an efficient numerical model, which will simulate the effective diffusivity in bone tissue engineering. Our numerical model will be based on the finite element analysis of the diffusion-reaction equations. It will have the ability to optimize the diffusivity, even at multi-scale, with the variation of time. It will also have a special feature, with which we will not only be able to predict the oxygen, glucose and cell density dynamics, more accurately, but will also sort the issues arising due to anisotropy. We will fix these problems with the help of modifying the governing equations, by selecting appropriate spatio-temporal finite element schemes, by adaptive grid refinement strategy and by transient analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffolds" title="scaffolds">scaffolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20analysis" title=" transient analysis"> transient analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18702/numerical-modelling-of-effective-diffusivity-in-bone-tissue-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Impact of Religious Struggles on Life Satisfaction among Young Muslims: The Mediating Role of Psychological Wellbeing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarwat%20Sultan">Sarwat Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frasat%20Kanwal"> Frasat Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motasem%20Mirza"> Motasem Mirza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of religiosity on people’s lives has always been found complex because some of them turn to religion to get comfort and relief from their fear, guilt, and illness, whereas some become away due to the perception that God is revengeful and distant for their conduct. The overarching aim of this study was to know whether the relationship between religious struggles (comfort/strain) and life satisfaction is mediated by psychological well-being. The participants of this study were 529 Muslim students who provided their responses on the measures of religious comfort/strain, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction. Results revealed that religious comfort predicted well-being and life satisfaction positively, while religious strain predicted negatively. Findings showed that psychological well-being mediated the prediction of religious comfort and strain for life satisfaction. These findings have implications for students’ mental health because their teachers and professionals can enhance their well-being by teaching them positive aspects of religion and God. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20towards%20god" title="attitude towards god">attitude towards god</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20comfort" title=" religious comfort"> religious comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20strain" title=" religious strain"> religious strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20wellbeing" title=" psychological wellbeing"> psychological wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184104/impact-of-religious-struggles-on-life-satisfaction-among-young-muslims-the-mediating-role-of-psychological-wellbeing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Effect of Core Puncture Diameter on Bio-Char Kiln Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Intagun">W. Intagun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Khamdaeng"> T. Khamdaeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Prom-ngarm"> P. Prom-ngarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Panyoyai"> N. Panyoyai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biochar has been used as a soil amendment since it has high porous structure and has proper nutrients and chemical properties for plants. Product yields produced from biochar kiln are dependent on process parameters and kiln types used. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of core puncture diameter on biochar kiln efficiency, i.e., yields of biochar and produced gas. Corncobs were used as raw material to produce biochar. Briquettes from agricultural wastes were used as fuel. Each treatment was performed by changing the core puncture diameter. From the experiment, it is revealed that the yield of biochar at the core puncture diameter of 3.18 mm, 4.76 mm, and 6.35 mm was 10.62 wt. %, 24.12 wt. %, and 12.24 wt. %, of total solid yields, respectively. The yield of produced gas increased with increasing the core puncture diameter. The maximum percentage by weight of the yield of produced gas was 81.53 wt. % which was found at the core puncture diameter of 6.35 mm. The core puncture diameter was furthermore found to affect the temperature distribution inside the kiln and its thermal efficiency. In conclusion, the high efficient biochar kiln can be designed and constructed by using the proper core puncture diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anila%20stove" title="anila stove">anila stove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-char" title=" bio-char"> bio-char</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20conditioning%20materials" title=" soil conditioning materials"> soil conditioning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20distribution" title=" temperature distribution"> temperature distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90969/effect-of-core-puncture-diameter-on-bio-char-kiln-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Consumer Attitude and Purchase Intention towards Organic Food: Insights from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muneshia%20Maheshwar">Muneshia Maheshwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanwal%20Gul"> Kanwal Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakira%20%20Fareed"> Shakira Fareed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ume-Amama%20Areeb%20Gul"> Ume-Amama Areeb Gul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic food is commonly known for its healthier content without the use of pesticides, herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, antibiotics and growth hormones. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of health consciousness, environmental concern and organic food knowledge on both the intention to buy organic foods and the attitude towards organic foods and the effect of attitude towards organic foods on the intention to buy organic foods in Pakistan. Primary data was used which was collected through adopted questionnaire from previous research. Non- probability convenience sampling was used to select sample size of 200 consumers based on Karachi. The data was analyzed through Descriptive statistics and Multi regression method. The findings of the study showed that the attitude and the intention to buy organic food were affected by health consciousness, environmental concern, and organic food knowledge. The results also revealed that attitude also affects the intention to buy organic food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20consciousness" title="health consciousness">health consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention%20to%20purchase" title=" intention to purchase"> intention to purchase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20concern" title=" environmental concern"> environmental concern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20food%20knowledge" title=" organic food knowledge"> organic food knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78597/consumer-attitude-and-purchase-intention-towards-organic-food-insights-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> IoT Based Information Processing and Computing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mannan%20Ahmad%20Rasheed">Mannan Ahmad Rasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawera%20Kanwal"> Sawera Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoor%20Ahmad%20Rasheed"> Mansoor Ahmad Rasheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we collect and process information, making it possible to gather data from a wide range of connected devices and sensors. This has led to the development of IoT-based information processing and computing systems that are capable of handling large amounts of data in real time. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of IoT-based information processing and computing, as well as the key challenges and gaps that need to be addressed. This paper discusses the potential benefits of IoT-based information processing and computing, such as improved efficiency, enhanced decision-making, and cost savings. Despite the numerous benefits of IoT-based information processing and computing, several challenges need to be addressed to realize the full potential of these systems. These challenges include security and privacy concerns, interoperability issues, scalability and reliability of IoT devices, and the need for standardization and regulation of IoT technologies. Moreover, this paper identifies several gaps in the current research related to IoT-based information processing and computing. One major gap is the lack of a comprehensive framework for designing and implementing IoT-based information processing and computing systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title="IoT">IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computing" title=" computing"> computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20processing" title=" information processing"> information processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iot%20computing" title=" Iot computing"> Iot computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165683/iot-based-information-processing-and-computing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Impact of Distributive in-Justice on Turnover Intention: An Exploratory Study on Turnover Intention among Line Staff Working in Textile Composite Units in Karachi Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warraichi">Warraichi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kanwal"> G. Kanwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of the study was to explore relationship between distributive justice and intention to leave the organization by the line staff working in textile sector of Karachi Pakistan. Based on literature review it was hypothesized that perceived distributive justice is positively correlated with intention to leave the organization. A survey of 92 participants (12 female and 80 Male) of textile employee of Karachi was conducted. Two measures were used i.e. 3 item questionnaires on turn over intention developed by Mobley, Horner, & Hollingsworth (1978) and a 13 item and 6 point likert scale questionnaire is adopted from the validated questionnaire of Robert Moorman. Result supports the hypothesis that significant correlation was found between distributive justice and intention to leave the organization. Moreover the results also suggest that distributive justice effect on the intention to leave the organization by the textile line staff. Theoretical and methodological outcome are discussed including recommendations are provided which possibly contribute to the textile industry. Highlighted areas of further study are also provided to open research arena for other researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributive%20justice" title="distributive justice">distributive justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turnover%20intention" title=" turnover intention"> turnover intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20industry" title=" textile industry"> textile industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi-Pakistan" title=" Karachi-Pakistan"> Karachi-Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15311/impact-of-distributive-in-justice-on-turnover-intention-an-exploratory-study-on-turnover-intention-among-line-staff-working-in-textile-composite-units-in-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> In-Vivo Study of Annacardium occidentale L. Emulgel Extract Using Non-Invasive Probes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtar%20Naveed">Akhtar Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanwal%20Shahla"> Kanwal Shahla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khan%20HMS"> Khan HMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasool%20Fatima"> Rasool Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ijaz%20Shakeel"> Ijaz Shakeel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of the study was to design, develop and characterize in vivo, a stable Emulgel formulation containing Anacardium occidentale L.(cashew extract) as an active ingredient. The formulation was prepared and kept at 8ºC, 25 ºC, 40ºC and 40ºC±RH for a period of 28 days. During this time period, stability, pH values, conductivity, organoleptic features (color, liquefaction, phase separation) were conducted at the intervals of day 1st, 2nd, 3rd , 7th, 14th and 28th days. In In vivo studies, the test formulation (5% Anacardium occidentale L, extract) and a base formulation (without cashew extract) were prepared and both were applied on cheek areas of healthy human female volunteers, after the skin sensitivity test of each volunteer, for a study period of 8 weeks after getting consent from them. Various parameters of skin like Melanin level, Erythema level, and skin elasticity were measured at regular time intervals. Results of the study were analyzed by statistical techniques i.e. Two Way ANOVA and paired sample t-test. The result showed significant results as the p ≤ 0.05. Findings of paired sample t-test explained that test formulation have profound effects on skin parameters when compared with control formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anacardium%20occientale%20L." title="Anacardium occientale L.">Anacardium occientale L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-oxidant" title=" anti-oxidant"> anti-oxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashew%20nut" title=" cashew nut"> cashew nut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulgel" title=" emulgel"> emulgel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64048/in-vivo-study-of-annacardium-occidentale-l-emulgel-extract-using-non-invasive-probes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Exploring the Influence of Wind on Wildfire Behavior in China: A Data-Driven Study Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rida%20Kanwal">Rida Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Yuhui"> Wang Yuhui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Weiguo"> Song Weiguo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wildfires are one of the most prominent threats to ecosystems, human health, and economic activities, with wind acting as a critical driving factor. This study combines machine learning (ML) and remote sensing (RS) to assess the effects of wind on wildfires in Chongqing Province from August 16-23, 2022. Landsat 8 satellite images were used to estimate the difference normalized burn ratio (dNBR), representing prefire and postfire vegetation conditions. Wind data was analyzed through geographic information system (GIS) mapping. Correlation analysis between wind speed and fire radiative power (FRP) revealed a significant relationship. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was developed for wind forecasting, and linear regression was applied to determine the effect of wind speed on FRP. The results identified high wind speed as a key factor contributing to the surge in FRP. Wind-rose plots showed winds blowing to the northwest (NW), aligning with the wildfire spread. This model was further validated with data from other provinces across China. This study integrated ML, RS, and GIS to analyze wildfire behavior, providing effective strategies for prediction and management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildfires" title="wildfires">wildfires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20speed" title=" wind speed"> wind speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildfire%20behavior" title=" wildfire behavior"> wildfire behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192554/exploring-the-influence-of-wind-on-wildfire-behavior-in-china-a-data-driven-study-using-machine-learning-and-remote-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Estimation of Carbon Sequestration and Air Quality of Terrestrial Ecosystems Using Remote Sensing Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanwal%20Javid">Kanwal Javid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazia%20Pervaiz"> Shazia Pervaiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Mumtaz"> Maria Mumtaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ameer%20Nawaz%20Akram"> Muhammad Ameer Nawaz Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forests and grasslands ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Land management activities influence both ecosystems and enable them to absorb and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2). Similarly, in Pakistan, these terrestrial ecosystems are well known to mitigate carbon emissions and have a great source to supply a variety of services such as clean air and water, biodiversity, wood products, wildlife habitat, food, recreation and carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration is the main agenda of developed and developing nations to reduce the impacts of global warming. But the amount of carbon storage within these ecosystems can be affected by many factors related to air quality such as land management, land-use change, deforestation, over grazing and natural calamities. Moreover, the long-term capacity of forests and grasslands to absorb and sequester CO2 depends on their health, productivity, resilience and ability to adapt to changing conditions. Thus, the main rationale of this study is to monitor the difference in carbon amount of forests and grasslands of Northern Pakistan using MODIS data sets and map results using Geographic Information System. Results of the study conclude that forests ecosystems are more effective in reducing the CO2 level and play a key role in improving the quality of air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title="carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grasslands" title=" grasslands"> grasslands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change." title=" climate change."> climate change.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139560/estimation-of-carbon-sequestration-and-air-quality-of-terrestrial-ecosystems-using-remote-sensing-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Integrating Life Skills Education for Mental Health and Academic Benefits of Adolescents in Schools in Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarwat%20Sultan">Sarwat Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saleem"> Muhammad Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frasat%20Kanwal"> Frasat Kanwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adolescence is a transition period of life that brings physical and psychological changes and always results in several challenges for an adolescent. An adolescent must learn life skills for a healthy transition from adolescence period to adulthood. Therefore this study was planned to examine the effects of life skill education on adolescents' mental health and academic benefits. A random sample of 720 school students aged between 13-17 years was categorized into two groups; experimental (n=360) and control (n=360). Life skill education was given to the students of the intervention group with repeated assessments of mental health and academic benefits at pre-intervention (T1) and post-intervention (T2) for both groups. Both groups were compared on scores of mental health and academic benefits across two times T1 and T2 by employing a mixed between-within-subjects analysis of variance. Findings showed the main effect of time suggesting the largest changes in mental health and academic benefits over time. Interaction effects between time and both groups were also found significant indicating the largest changes across time between both groups. Results of between-group comparisons showed significant values for Wilks’ Lambda and partial eta squared for students of the intervention group who scored higher on mental health and academic benefits after receiving life skills training than the students of the control group. Results of the present study determined the efficacy of life skill education and have implications for both teachers and psychotherapists to improve the students’ mental health and academic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20benefits" title="academic benefits">academic benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20skills" title=" life skills"> life skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184032/integrating-life-skills-education-for-mental-health-and-academic-benefits-of-adolescents-in-schools-in-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children under 5 Years of Age before Introduction of Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV 10) in Urban and Rural Sindh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Imran%20Nisar">Muhammad Imran Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fyezah%20Jehan"> Fyezah Jehan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauseef%20Akhund"> Tauseef Akhund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Shakoor"> Sadia Shakoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanwal%20Nayani"> Kanwal Nayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furqan%20Kabir"> Furqan Kabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Ali"> Asad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Zaidi"> Anita Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pneumococcal Vaccine -10 (PCV 10) was included in the Expanded Program of immunization (EPI) in Sindh, Pakistan in February 2013. This study was carried out immediately before the introduction of PCV 10 to establish baseline pneumococcal carriage and prevalent serotypes in naso-pharynx of children 3-11 months of age in an urban and rural community in Sindh, Pakistan. An additional sample of children aged 12 to 59 months was drawn from the urban community. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from a random sample of children. Samples were processed in a central laboratory in Karachi. Pneumococci were cultured on 5% Sheep Blood Agar and serotyping was performed using CDC standardized sequential multiplex PCR assay on bacterial colonies. Serotypes were then categorized into vaccine (PCV-10 and PCV-13) type and non-vaccine types. A total of 670 children were enrolled. Carriage rate for pneumococcus based on culture positivity was 74% and 79.5 % in the infant group in Karachi and Matiari respectively. Carriage rate was 78.2% for children aged 12 to 59 months in Karachi. Proportion of PCV 10 serotypes in infants was 38.8% and 33.5% in Karachi and Matiari respectively. In the older age group in Karachi, the proportion was 30.6%. Most common serotypes were 6A, 6B, 23F, 19A and 18C. This survey establishes vaccine and non-vaccine serotype carriage rate in a vaccine-naïve pediatric population among rural and urban communities in Sindh province. Annually planned surveys in the same communities will inform change in carriage rate after the introduction and uptake of PCV 10 in these communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naso-Pharyngeal%20carriage" title="Naso-Pharyngeal carriage">Naso-Pharyngeal carriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCV10" title=" PCV10"> PCV10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pneumococcus" title=" Pneumococcus"> Pneumococcus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66764/nasopharyngeal-carriage-of-streptococcus-pneumoniae-in-children-under-5-years-of-age-before-introduction-of-pneumococcal-vaccine-pcv-10-in-urban-and-rural-sindh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Improved Regression Relations Between Different Magnitude Types and the Moment Magnitude in the Western Balkan Earthquake Catalogue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Xhahysa">Anila Xhahysa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Migena%20Ceyhan"> Migena Ceyhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neki%20Kuka"> Neki Kuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klajdi%20Qoshi"> Klajdi Qoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damiano%20Koxhaj"> Damiano Koxhaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The seismic event catalog has been updated in the framework of a bilateral project supported by the Central European Investment Fund and with the extensive support of Global Earthquake Model Foundation to update Albania's national seismic hazard model. The earthquake catalogue prepared within this project covers the Western Balkan area limited by 38.0° - 48°N, 12.5° - 24.5°E and includes 41,806 earthquakes that occurred in the region between 510 BC and 2022. Since the moment magnitude characterizes the earthquake size accurately and the selected ground motion prediction equations for the seismic hazard assessment employ this scale, it was chosen as the uniform magnitude scale for the catalogue. Therefore, proxy values of moment magnitude had to be obtained by using new magnitude conversion equations between the local and other magnitude types to this unified scale. The Global Centroid Moment Tensor Catalogue was considered the most authoritative for moderate to large earthquakes for moment magnitude reports; hence it was used as a reference for calibrating other sources. The best fit was observed when compared to some regional agencies, whereas, with reports of moment magnitudes from Italy, Greece and Turkey, differences were observed in all magnitude ranges. For teleseismic magnitudes, to account for the non-linearity of the relationships, we used the exponential model for the derivation of the regression equations. The obtained regressions for the surface wave magnitude and short-period body-wave magnitude show considerable differences with Global Earthquake Model regression curves, especially for low magnitude ranges. Moreover, a conversion relation was obtained between the local magnitude of Albania and the corresponding moment magnitude as reported by the global and regional agencies. As errors were present in both variables, the Deming regression was used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title="regression">regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20catalogue" title=" seismic catalogue"> seismic catalogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20magnitude" title=" local magnitude"> local magnitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tele-seismic%20magnitude" title=" tele-seismic magnitude"> tele-seismic magnitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment%20magnitude" title=" moment magnitude"> moment magnitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167668/improved-regression-relations-between-different-magnitude-types-and-the-moment-magnitude-in-the-western-balkan-earthquake-catalogue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Emerging Therapeutic Approach with Dandelion Phytochemicals in Breast Cancer Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Champion">Angel Champion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Kanwal"> Sadia Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20Siddiqui"> Rafat Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Harnessing phytochemicals from plant sources presents a novel opportunity to prevent or treat malignant diseases, including breast cancer. Chemotherapy lacks precision in targeting cancerous cells while sparing normal cells, but a phytopharmaceutical approach may offer a solution. Dandelion, a common weed plant, is rich in phytochemicals and provides a safer, more cost-effective alternative with lower toxicity than traditional pharmaceuticals for conditions such as breast cancer. In this study, an in-vitro experiment will be conducted using the ethanol extract of Dandelion on triple-negative MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines. The polyphenolic analysis revealed that the Dandelion extract, particularly from the root and leaf (both cut and sifted), had the most potent antioxidant properties and exhibited the most potent antioxidation activity from the powdered leaf extract. The extract exhibits prospective promising effects for inducing cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells, highlighting its potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Standardizing methods for Dandelion use is crucial for future clinical applications in cancer treatment. Combining plant-derived compounds with cancer nanotechnology holds the potential for effective strategies in battling malignant diseases. Utilizing liposomes as carriers for phytoconstituent anti-cancer agents offers improved solubility, bioavailability, immunoregulatory effects, advancing anticancer immune function, and reducing toxicity. This integrated approach of natural products and nanotechnology has significant potential to revolutionize healthcare globally, especially in underserved communities where herbal medicine is prevalent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20nanotechnology" title=" cancer nanotechnology"> cancer nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytopharmaceutical" title=" phytopharmaceutical"> phytopharmaceutical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184862/emerging-therapeutic-approach-with-dandelion-phytochemicals-in-breast-cancer-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Some Biological Water Quality Parameters in Mat River, Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etleva%20Hamzaraj">Etleva Hamzaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Kica"> Eva Kica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Paparisto"> Anila Paparisto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranvera%20Lazo"> Pranvera Lazo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide demographic developments of recent decades have been associated with negative environmental consequences. For this reason, there is a growing interest in assessing the state of natural ecosystems or assessing human impact on them. In this respect, this study aims to evaluate the change in water quality of the Mat River for a period of about ten years to highlight human impact. In one year, period of study, several biological and environmental parameters are determined to evaluate river water quality, and the data collected are compared with those of a similar study in 2007. Samples are collected every month in five stations evenly distributed along the river. Total coliform bacteria, the number of heterotrophic bacteria in water, and benthic macroinvertebrates are used as biological parameters of water quality. The most probable number index is used for evaluation of total coliform bacteria in water, while the number of heterotrophic bacteria is determined by counting colonies on plates with Plate Count Agar, cultivated with 0.1 ml sample after series dilutions. Benthic macroinvertebrates are analyzed by the number of individuals per taxa, the value of biotic index, EPT Richness Index value and tolerance value. Environmental parameters like pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity are measured onsite. As expected, the bacterial load was higher near urban areas, and the pollution increased with the course of the river. The maximum concentration of fecal coliforms was 1100 MPN/100 ml in summer and near the most urbanized area of the river. The data collected during this study show that after about ten years, there is a change in water quality of Mat River. According to a similar study carried out in 2007, the water of Mat River was of ‘excellent’ quality. But, according to this study, the water was classified as of ‘excellent’ quality only in one sampling site, near river source, while in all other stations was of ‘good’ quality. This result is based on biological and environmental parameters measured. The human impact on the quality of water of Mat River is more than evident. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title="water quality">water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coliform%20bacteria" title=" coliform bacteria"> coliform bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPN%20index" title=" MPN index"> MPN index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benthic%20macroinvertebrates" title=" benthic macroinvertebrates"> benthic macroinvertebrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotic%20index" title=" biotic index"> biotic index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122764/assessment-of-spatial-and-temporal-variations-of-some-biological-water-quality-parameters-in-mat-river-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution Using Edible Crabs, Based on Food Intended for Human Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayab%20Kanwal">Nayab Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Us%20Saher"> Noor Us Saher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management and utilization of food resources is becoming a big issue due to rapid urbanization, wastage and non-sustainable use of food, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the use of seafood as alternative sources is strongly promoted worldwide. Marine pollution strongly affects marine organisms, which ultimately decreases their export quality. The monitoring of contamination in marine organisms is a good indicator of the environmental quality as well as seafood quality. Monitoring the accumulation of chemical elements within various tissues of organisms has become a useful tool to survey current or chronic levels of heavy metal exposure within an environment. In this perspective, this study was carried out to compare the previous and current levels (Year 2012 and 2014) of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) in crabs marketed in Karachi and to estimate the toxicological risk associated with their intake. The accumulation of metals in marine organisms, both essential (Cu and Zn) and toxic (Pb, Cd and Cr), natural and anthropogenic, is an actual food safety issue. Significant (p>0.05) variations in metal concentrations were found in all crab species between the two years, with most of the metals showing high accumulation in 2012. For toxicological risk assessment, EWI (Estimated weekly intake), Target Hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR) were also assessed and high EWI, Non- cancer risk (THQ < 1) showed that there is no serious threat associated with the consumption of shellfish species on Karachi coast. The Cancer risk showed the highest risk from Cd and Pb pollution if consumed in excess. We summarize key environmental health research on health effects associated with exposure to contaminated seafood. It could be concluded that considering the Pakistan coast, these edible species may be sensitive and vulnerable to the adverse effects of environmental contaminants; more attention should be paid to the Pb and Cd metal bioaccumulation and to toxicological risks to seafood and consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20risk" title="cancer risk">cancer risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20crabs" title=" edible crabs"> edible crabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals%20pollution" title=" heavy metals pollution"> heavy metals pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69841/evaluation-and-risk-assessment-of-heavy-metals-pollution-using-edible-crabs-based-on-food-intended-for-human-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Enzymatic Degradation of Poly (Butylene Adipate Terephthalate) Copolymer Using Lipase B From Candida Antarctica and Effect of Poly (Butylene Adipate Terephthalate) on Plant Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqsa%20Kanwal">Aqsa Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Zhang"> Min Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Sharaf"> Faisal Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Chengtao"> Li Chengtao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The globe is facing increasing challenges of plastic pollution due to single-use of plastic-based packaging material. The plastic material is continuously being dumped into the natural environment, which causes serious harm to the entire ecosystem. Polymer degradation in nature is very difficult, so the use of biodegradable polymers instead of conventional polymers can mitigate this issue. Due to the good mechanical properties and biodegradability, aliphatic-aromatic polymers are being widely commercialized. Due to the advancement in molecular biology, many studies have reported specific microbes that can effectively degrade PBAT. Aliphatic polyesters undergo hydrolytic cleavage of ester groups, so they can be easily degraded by microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the enzymatic degradation of poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) copolymer using lipase B from Candida Antarctica (CALB). Results of the study displayed approximately 5.16 % loss in PBAT mass after 2 days which significantly increased to approximately 15.7 % at the end of the experiment (12 days) as compared to blank. The pH of the degradation solution also displayed significant reduction and reached the minimum value of 6.85 at the end of the experiment. The structure and morphology of PBAT after degradation were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA. FTIR analysis showed that after degradation many peaks become weaker and the peak at 2950 cm-1 almost disappeared after 12 days. The XRD results indicated that as the degradation time increases the intensity of diffraction peaks slightly increases as compared to the blank PBAT. TGA analysis also confirmed the successful degradation of PBAT with time. SEM micrographs further confirmed that degradation has occurred. Hence, biodegradable polymers can widely be used. The effect of PBAT biodegradation on plant growth was also studied and it was found that PBAT has no toxic effect on the growth of plants. Hence PBAT can be employed in a wide range of applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aliphatic-aromatic%20co-polyesters" title="aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters">aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polybutylene%20adipate%20terephthalate" title=" polybutylene adipate terephthalate"> polybutylene adipate terephthalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipase%20%28CALB%29" title=" lipase (CALB)"> lipase (CALB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth" title=" plant growth"> plant growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151114/enzymatic-degradation-of-poly-butylene-adipate-terephthalate-copolymer-using-lipase-b-from-candida-antarctica-and-effect-of-poly-butylene-adipate-terephthalate-on-plant-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Experiences of Community Midwives Receiving Helping Baby Breathe Training Through the Low Dose High-frequency Approach in Gujrat, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Naz">Anila Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arusa%20Lakhani"> Arusa Lakhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20Mubeen"> Kiran Mubeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmeen%20Amarsi"> Yasmeen Amarsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan's neonatal mortality rate has the highest proportion in the South Asian region and it is higher in the rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Poor resuscitation techniques and lack of basic newborn resuscitation skills in birth attendants, are contributing factors towards neonatal deaths. Based on the significant outcomes of the Helping Baby Breath (HBB) training, a similar training was implemented for Community Midwives (CMWs) in a low resource setting in Gujrat, Pakistan, to improve their knowledge and skills. The training evaluation was conducted and participant feedback was obtained through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of the quantitative assessment of the training evaluation will be published elsewhere. This paper presents the qualitative evaluation of the training. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the perceptions of HBB trained CMWs about the effectiveness of the HBB training, and the challenges faced in the implementation of HBB skills for newborn resuscitation, at their work settings. The qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. The purposive sampling technique was chosen to recruit midwives and key informants as participants of the training. Interviews were conducted by using a semi-structured interview guide. The study included a total of five interviews: two focus group interviews for CMWs (10 in each group), and three individual interviews of key informants. The content analysis of the qualitative data yielded three themes: the effectiveness of training, challenges, and suggestions. The findings revealed that the HBB training was effective for the CMWs in terms of its usability, regarding improvement in newborn resuscitation knowledge and skills. Moreover, it enhanced confidence and satisfaction in CMWs. However, less volume of patients was a challenge for a few CMWs with regards to practicing their skills. Due to the inadequate number of patients and less opportunities of practice for several CMWs, they required such trainings frequently, in order to maintain their competency. The CMWs also recommended that HBB training should be part of the Midwifery program curriculum. Moreover, similar trainings were also recommended for other healthcare providers working in low resource settings, including doctors and nurses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonatal%20resuscitation%20technique" title="neonatal resuscitation technique">neonatal resuscitation technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helping%20baby%20breathe" title=" helping baby breathe"> helping baby breathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20midwives" title=" community midwives"> community midwives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training%20evaluation" title=" training evaluation"> training evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157229/experiences-of-community-midwives-receiving-helping-baby-breathe-training-through-the-low-dose-high-frequency-approach-in-gujrat-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Evaluation of Neuroprotective Potential of Olea europaea and Malus domestica in Experimentally Induced Stroke Rat Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humaira%20M.%20Khan">Humaira M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanwal%20Asif"> Kanwal Asif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder with a complex pathophysiology associated with motor, sensory and cognitive deficits. Major approaches developed to treat acute ischemic stroke fall into two categories, thrombolysis and neuroprotection. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the neuroprotective and anti-thrombolytic effects of Olea europaea (olive oil) and Malus domestica (apple cider vinegar) and their combination in rat stroke model. Furthermore, histopathological analysis was also performed to assess the severity of ischemia among treated and reference groups. Male albino rats (12 months age) weighing 300- 350gm were acclimatized and subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion method for stroke induction. Olea europaea and Malus domestica was administered orally in dose of 0.75ml/kg and 3ml/kg and combination was administered at dose of 0.375ml/kg and 1.5ml/kg prophylactically for consecutive 21 days. Negative control group was dosed with normal saline whereas piracetam (250mg/kg) was administered as reference. Neuroprotective activity of standard piracetam, Olea europaea, Malus domestica and their combination was evaluated by performing functional outcome tests i.e. Cylinder, pasta, ladder run, pole and water maize tests. Rats were subjected to surgery after 21 days of treatment for analysis from stroke recovery. Olea europaea and Malus domestica in individual doses of 0.75ml/kg and 3ml/kg respectively showed neuroprotection by significant improvement in ladder run test (121.6± 0.92;128.2 ± 0.73) as compare to reference (125.4 ± 0.74). Both test doses showed significant neuroprotection as compare to reference (9.60 ± 0.50) in pasta test (8.40 ± 0.24;9.80 ± 0.37) whereas with cylinder test, experimental groups showed significant increase in movements (6.60 ± 0.24; 8.40 ± 0.24) in contrast to reference (7.80 ± 0.37).There was a decrease in percentage time taken f to reach the hidden maize in water maize test (56.80 ± 0.58;61.80 ± 0.66) at doses 0.75ml/kg and 3ml/kg respectively as compare to piracetam (59.40 ± 1.07). Olea europaea and Malus domestica individually showed significant reduction in duration of mobility (127.0 ± 0.44; 123.0 ± 0.44) in pole test as compare to piracetam (124.0 ± 0.70). Histopathological analysis revealed the significant extent of protection from ischemia after prophylactic treatments. Hence it is concluded that Olea europaea and Malus domestica are effective neuroprotective agents alone as compare to their combination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemia" title="ischemia">ischemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malus%20domestica" title=" Malus domestica"> Malus domestica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroprotection" title=" neuroprotection"> neuroprotection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olea%20europaea" title=" Olea europaea"> Olea europaea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93930/evaluation-of-neuroprotective-potential-of-olea-europaea-and-malus-domestica-in-experimentally-induced-stroke-rat-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Use of 3D Printed Bioscaffolds from Decellularized Umbilical Cord for Cartilage Regeneration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20Bari">Tayyaba Bari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Anjum"> Muhammad Hamza Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samra%20Kanwal"> Samra Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakhera%20Ikram"> Fakhera Ikram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition, affects more than 213 million individuals globally. Since articular cartilage has no or limited vessels, therefore, after deteriorating, it is unable to rejuvenate. Traditional approaches for cartilage repair, like autologous chondrocyte implantation, microfracture and cartilage transplantation are often associated with postoperative complications and lead to further degradation. Decellularized human umbilical cord has gained interest as a viable treatment for cartilage repair. Decellularization removes all cellular contents as well as debris, leaving a biologically active 3D network known as extracellular matrix (ECM). This matrix is biodegradable, non-immunogenic and provides a microenvironment for homeostasis, growth and repair. UC derived bioink function as 3D scaffolding material, not only mediates cell-matrix interactions but also adherence, proliferation and propagation of cells for 3D organoids. This study comprises different physical, chemical and biological approaches to optimize the decellularization of human umbilical cord (UC) tissues followed by the solubilization of these tissues to bioink formation. The decellularization process consisted of two cycles of freeze thaw where the umbilical cord at -20˚C was thawed at room temperature followed by dissection in small sections from 0.5 to 1cm. Similarly decellularization with ionic and non-ionic detergents Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton-X 100 revealed that both concentrations of SDS i.e 0.1% and 1% were effective in complete removal of cells from the small UC tissues. The results of decellularization was further confirmed by running them on 1% agarose gel. Histological analysis revealed the efficacy of decellularization, which involves paraffin embedded samples of 4μm processed for Hematoxylin-eosin-safran and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). ECM preservation was confirmed by Alcian Blue, and Masson’s trichrome staining on consecutive sections and images were obtained. Sulfated GAG’s content were determined by 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) assay, similarly collagen quantification was done by hydroxy proline assay. This 3D bioengineered scaffold will provide a typical atmosphere as in the extracellular matrix of the tissue, which would be seeded with the mesenchymal cells to generate the desired 3D ink for in vitro and in vivo cartilage regeneration applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=umbilical%20cord" title="umbilical cord">umbilical cord</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20printing" title=" 3d printing"> 3d printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioink" title=" bioink"> bioink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartilage%20regeneration" title=" cartilage regeneration"> cartilage regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164184/use-of-3d-printed-bioscaffolds-from-decellularized-umbilical-cord-for-cartilage-regeneration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Residual Analysis and Ground Motion Prediction Equation Ranking Metrics for Western Balkan Strong Motion Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuela%20Villani">Manuela Villani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Xhahysa"> Anila Xhahysa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Brooks"> Christopher Brooks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Pagani"> Marco Pagani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The geological structure of Western Balkans is strongly affected by the collision between Adria microplate and the southwestern Euroasia margin, resulting in a considerably active seismic region. The Harmonization of Seismic Hazard Maps in the Western Balkan Countries Project (BSHAP) (2007-2011, 2012-2015) by NATO supported the preparation of new seismic hazard maps of the Western Balkan, but when inspecting the seismic hazard models produced later by these countries on a national scale, significant differences in design PGA values are observed in the border, for instance, North Albania-Montenegro, South Albania- Greece, etc. Considering the fact that the catalogues were unified and seismic sources were defined within BSHAP framework, obviously, the differences arise from the Ground Motion Prediction Equations selection, which are generally the component with highest impact on the seismic hazard assessment. At the time of the project, a modest database was present, namely 672 three-component records, whereas nowadays, this strong motion database has increased considerably up to 20,939 records with Mw ranging in the interval 3.7-7 and epicentral distance distribution from 0.47km to 490km. Statistical analysis of the strong motion database showed the lack of recordings in the moderate-to-large magnitude and short distance ranges; therefore, there is need to re-evaluate the Ground Motion Prediction Equation in light of the recently updated database and the new generations of GMMs. In some cases, it was observed that some events were more extensively documented in one database than the other, like the 1979 Montenegro earthquake, with a considerably larger number of records in the BSHAP Analogue SM database when compared to ESM23. Therefore, the strong motion flat-file provided from the Harmonization of Seismic Hazard Maps in the Western Balkan Countries Project was merged with the ESM23 database for the polygon studied in this project. After performing the preliminary residual analysis, the candidate GMPE-s were identified. This process was done using the GMPE performance metrics available within the SMT in the OpenQuake Platform. The Likelihood Model and Euclidean Distance Based Ranking (EDR) were used. Finally, for this study, a GMPE logic tree was selected and following the selection of candidate GMPEs, model weights were assigned using the average sample log-likelihood approach of Scherbaum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20analysis" title="residual analysis">residual analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMPE" title=" GMPE"> GMPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20balkan" title=" western balkan"> western balkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20motion" title=" strong motion"> strong motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=openquake" title=" openquake"> openquake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167447/residual-analysis-and-ground-motion-prediction-equation-ranking-metrics-for-western-balkan-strong-motion-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Strategic Interventions to Combat Socio-economic Impacts of Drought in Thar - A Case Study of Nagarparkar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Hayat">Anila Hayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan is one of those developing countries that are least involved in emissions but has the most vulnerable environmental conditions. Pakistan is ranked 8th in most affected countries by climate change on the climate risk index 1992-2011. Pakistan is facing severe water shortages and flooding as a result of changes in rainfall patterns, specifically in the least developed areas such as Tharparkar. Nagarparkar, once an attractive tourist spot located in Tharparkar because of its tropical desert climate, is now facing severe drought conditions for the last few decades. This study investigates the present socio-economic situation of local communities, major impacts of droughts and their underlying causes and current mitigation strategies adopted by local communities. The study uses both secondary (quantitative in nature) and primary (qualitative in nature) methods to understand the impacts and explore causes on the socio-economic life of local communities of the study area. The relevant data has been collected through household surveys using structured questionnaires, focus groups and in-depth interviews of key personnel from local and international NGOs to explore the sensitivity of impacts and adaptation to droughts in the study area. This investigation is limited to four rural communities of union council Pilu of Nagarparkar district, including Bheel, BhojaBhoon, Mohd Rahan Ji Dhani and Yaqub Ji Dhani villages. The results indicate that drought has caused significant economic and social hardships for the local communities as more than 60% of the overall population is dependent on rainfall which has been disturbed by irregular rainfall patterns. The decline in Crop yields has forced the local community to migrate to nearby areas in search of livelihood opportunities. Communities have not undertaken any appropriate adaptive actions to counteract the adverse effect of drought; they are completely dependent on support from the government and external aid for survival. Respondents also reported that poverty is a major cause of their vulnerability to drought. An increase in population, limited livelihood opportunities, caste system, lack of interest from the government sector, unawareness shaped their vulnerability to drought and other social issues. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the local authorities shall create awareness about drought hazards and improve the resilience of communities against drought. It is further suggested to develop, introduce and implement water harvesting practices at the community level to promote drought-resistant crops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drought" title=" Drought"> Drought</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144906/strategic-interventions-to-combat-socio-economic-impacts-of-drought-in-thar-a-case-study-of-nagarparkar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Psychological and Emotional Functioning of Elderly in Pakistan a Comparison in Punjab and Gilgit-Baltistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najma%20Najam">Najma Najam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukhsana%20Kausar"> Rukhsana Kausar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Hussain%20Kanwal"> Rabia Hussain Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Batool"> Saira Batool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anum%20Javed"> Anum Javed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Pakistan, elderly population though increasing but it has been neglected by the researchers and policy makers which resulted in compromised quality of life of the ageing population. Two regions, Punjab and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) were selected for comparison as Lahore and Multan (Punjab) are highly urbanized, large cities whereas Gilgit and Skardu are remote and mountain bounded valleys in GB. This study focuses on psychological and emotional functioning of elderly and a series of measures translated and adapted in Urdu language was used to assess quality of life, psychological and mental well-being, actual and perceived social support, attachment patterns, forgiveness, affects, geriatric depression, and emotional disturbance patterns (depression, anxiety, and stress) in elderly. A gender-equated sample of 201 elderly participants, 93 from GB (60 from Gilgit, 33 from Skardu) and 108 from Punjab (61 from Lahore, 47 from Multan) with over 60 years age was collected from the multiethnic community of Punjab and GB through purposive convenient sampling technique. Findings revealed that elderly from Multan have better psychological and emotional functioning, higher levels of social support, tendency to forgive, better mental wellbeing and quality of life and lower levels of stress, anxiety, depression, negative affect and attachment avoidance and anxiety related to partner as compared to the elderly from Lahore. Furthermore, both elderly male of Gilgit & Skardu have adequate mental well-being including subjective well-being and psychological functioning which showed positive aspects of mental health but elderly female are more attached to their home and neighbourhood which shows their social and environmental mastery. Gilgiti elderly male reported more degree of positive affect such as enthusiasm, active, alertness, excitement and strong whereas among elderly from Skardu shows more negative affect i.e. aversive mood states, irritability, hostility, and general distress. The need of psychosocial therapy and family counseling for the elderly in urban areas has been identified, which can facilitate in reducing or preventing the depressive and stressful tendencies. The findings are expected to have implications for improving quality of life of the elderly, designing interventions, support system and rehabilitation services to help them. However, findings may attract attention of policy makers and researchers as currently this is the most neglected population in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological" title="psychological">psychological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional" title=" emotional"> emotional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title=" elderly"> elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28888/psychological-and-emotional-functioning-of-elderly-in-pakistan-a-comparison-in-punjab-and-gilgit-baltistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Camera Trapping Coupled With Field Sign Survey Reveal the Mammalian Diversity and Abundance at Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahuta National Park, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehnila%20Kanwal">Shehnila Kanwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahta National Park (MKKNP) was declared in 2009. However, not much is known about the diversity and relative abundance of the mammalian fauna of this park. In the current study, we used field sign survey and infrared camera trapping techniques to get an insight into the diversity of mammalian species and their relative abundance. We conducted field surveys in different areas of the park at various elevations from April 2023 up to March 2024 to record the field signs (scats, pug marks etc.) of the mammals’ species; in addition, we deployed a total of 22 infrared trail camera traps in different areas of the park, for 116 nights. We obtained a total of 5201 photographs using camera trapping. Results of camera trapping coupled with field sign surveys confirmed the presence of a total of twenty-one different mammalian species (large, meso and small mammals) recorded in the study area. The common leopard was recorded at four different sites in the park, with an altitudinal range between 648m-1533m. Distribution of Asiatic jackal and a red fox was recorded positive at all the sites surveyed in the park with an altitudinal range between 498m-1287m and 433m-2049m, respectively. Leopard cats were recorded at two different sites within the altitudinal range between 498m-894m. Jungle cat was recorded at three sites within an altitudinal range between 498m-846. Asian palm civets and small Indian civets were both recorded at three sites. Grey mongoose and small Indian mongoose were recorded at four and three sites. We also collected a total of 75 scats of different mammal species in the park to further confirm their occurrence. For the Indian pangolin, we recorded three field burrows at two different sites. Diversity index (H’=2.369960) and species evenness (E=0.81995) were calculated. Analysis of data revealed that wild boar (Sus sucrofa) was the most abundant species in the park; most of the mammal species were found nocturnal; these remain active from dusk throughout the night, and some of them remain active at dawn time. Leopard and Asian palm civets were highly overlapping species in the study area. Their temporal activity pattern overlapped 61%. Barking deer and Indian crested porcupine were also found to be nocturnal species they remained active throughout the night. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MKKNP" title="MKKNP">MKKNP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title=" abundance"> abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evenness" title=" evenness"> evenness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammals" title=" mammals"> mammals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlapped" title=" overlapped"> overlapped</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191725/camera-trapping-coupled-with-field-sign-survey-reveal-the-mammalian-diversity-and-abundance-at-murree-kotli-sattian-kahuta-national-park-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Work Related Outcomes of Perceived Authentic Leadership: Moderating Role of Organizational Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Zubair">Aisha Zubair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Kamal"> Anila Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leadership styles and practices greatly influence the organizational effectiveness and productivity. It also plays an important role in employees’ experiences of positive emotions at workplace and creative work behaviors. Authentic leadership as a newly emerging concept has been found as a significant predictor of various desirable work related outcomes. However, leadership practices and its work related outcomes, to a great extent, are determined by the very nature of the organizational structures (tall and flat). Tall organizations are characterized by multiple hierarchical layers with predominant vertical communication patterns, and narrow span of control; while flat organizations are featured by few layers of management employing both horizontal and vertical communication styles, and wide span of control. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the work related outcomes of perceived authentic leadership; that is work related flow and creative work behavior among employees of flat and tall organizations. Moreover, it was also intended to determine the moderating role of organizational structure (flat and tall) in the relationship between perceived authentic leadership with work related flow and creative work behavior. In this regard, two types of companies have been considered; that is, banks as a form of tall organizational structure with multiple hierarchical structures while software companies have been considered as flat organizations with minimal layers of management. Respondents (N = 1180) were full time regular employees of marketing departments of banks (600) and software companies (580) including both men and women with age range of 22-52 years (M = 33.24; SD = 7.81). Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded factor structures of measures of work related flow and creative work behavior in accordance to the theoretical models. However, model of authentic leadership exhibited variation in terms of two items which were not included in the final measure of the perceived authentic leadership. Results showed that perceived authentic leadership was positively associated with work related flow and creative work behavior. Likewise, work related flow was positively aligned with creative work behavior. Furthermore, type of organizational structure significantly moderated the relationship of perceived authentic leadership with work related flow and creative work behavior. Results of independent sample t-test showed that employees working in flat organization reflected better perceptions of authentic leadership; higher work related flow and elevated levels of creative work behavior as compared to those working in tall organizations. It was also found that employees with extended job experience and more job duration in the same organization displayed better perceptions of authentic leadership, reported more work related flow and augmented levels of creative work behavior. Findings of the present study distinctively highlighted the similarities as well as differences in the interactions of major constructs which function differentially in the context of tall (banks) and flat (software companies) organizations. Implications of the present study for employees and management as well as future recommendations were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20work%20behavior" title="creative work behavior">creative work behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20structure" title=" organizational structure"> organizational structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20authentic%20leadership" title=" perceived authentic leadership"> perceived authentic leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20related%20flow" title=" work related flow"> work related flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42295/work-related-outcomes-of-perceived-authentic-leadership-moderating-role-of-organizational-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Kanwal&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Kanwal&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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