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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>In Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>In India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Macao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Macao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>In Macao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Macao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>In Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>In Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>In the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_Artists_Rights_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_Artists_Rights_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.1</span> <span>Visual Artists Rights Act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_Artists_Rights_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptation_right" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptation_right"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.2</span> <span>Adaptation right</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptation_right-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lanham_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lanham_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.3</span> <span>Lanham Act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lanham_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtesy_of_non-attribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtesy_of_non-attribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.4</span> <span>Courtesy of non-attribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtesy_of_non-attribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحقوق الأخلاقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحقوق الأخلاقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99n%C9%99vi_h%C3%BCquqlar" title="Mənəvi hüquqlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mənəvi hüquqlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dret_moral" title="Dret moral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dret moral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_moral" title="Droit moral – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Droit moral" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiklik_%C3%B5igus" title="Isiklik õigus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isiklik õigus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ηθικά δικαιώματα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηθικά δικαιώματα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derechos_morales" title="Derechos morales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Derechos morales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="حقوق معنوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حقوق معنوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_moral" title="Droit moral – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droit moral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B2%A9%EA%B6%8C" title="저작 인격권 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저작 인격권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoroyuro_personala" title="Autoroyuro personala – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Autoroyuro personala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak_moral" title="Hak moral – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hak moral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6mdarr%C3%A9ttur" title="Sæmdarréttur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sæmdarréttur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="זכות מוסרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זכות מוסרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morele_rechten" title="Morele rechten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Morele rechten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%A8%A9" title="著作者人格権 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="著作者人格権" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideelle_rettigheter" title="Ideelle rettigheter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ideelle rettigheter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drech_moral" title="Drech moral – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Drech moral" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorskie_prawa_osobiste" title="Autorskie prawa osobiste – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Autorskie prawa osobiste" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direitos_morais" title="Direitos morais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Direitos morais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Моральное право – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моральное право" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_drejta_morale" title="E drejta morale – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="E drejta morale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideell_upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Ideell upphovsrätt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ideell upphovsrätt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Особисті немайнові права автора – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Особисті немайнові права автора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" title="精神權利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="精神權利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1057599#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/150px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/225px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/300px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authors%27_rights" title="Authors' rights">Authors' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_right" title="Database right">Database right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers' rights">Farmers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_layout_design_protection" title="Integrated circuit layout design protection">Integrated circuit layout design protection</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moral rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Peasants' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeders%27_rights" title="Plant breeders' rights">Plant breeders' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_genetic_resources" title="Plant genetic resources">Plant genetic resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Related_rights" title="Related rights">Related rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_protection_certificate" title="Supplementary protection certificate">Supplementary protection certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dress" title="Trade dress">Trade dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">Trade secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">Trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_model" title="Utility model">Utility model</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandonware" title="Abandonware">Abandonware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_and_copyright" title="Artificial intelligence and copyright">Artificial intelligence and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_protection" title="Brand protection">Brand protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_abolition" title="Copyright abolition">Copyright abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_troll" title="Copyright troll">Copyright troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_copyright" title="Criticism of copyright">Criticism of copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">Biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea%E2%80%93expression_distinction" title="Idea–expression distinction">Idea–expression distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limitations_and_exceptions_to_copyright" title="Limitations and exceptions to copyright">Limitations and exceptions to copyright</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_dealing" title="Fair dealing">Fair dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphrasing_of_copyrighted_material" title="Paraphrasing of copyrighted material">Paraphrasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_quote" title="Right to quote">Right to quote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan_work" title="Orphan work">Orphan work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_troll" title="Patent troll">Patent troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_intellectual_property" title="Outline of intellectual property">Outline of intellectual property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_patents" title="Outline of patents">Outline of patents</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <i>Higher categories:</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a> and <a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intellectual_property" title="Template:Intellectual property"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intellectual_property" title="Template talk:Intellectual property"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual_property" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual property"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Moral rights</b> are <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a> of creators of <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyrighted</a> works generally recognized in <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> jurisdictions and, to a lesser extent, in some <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The moral rights include the right of <a href="/wiki/Attribution_(copyright)" title="Attribution (copyright)">attribution</a>, the right to have a work published <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymously</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonymously</a>, and the right to the integrity of the work.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preserving of the integrity of the work allows the author to object to alteration, distortion, or mutilation of the work that is "prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation".<sup id="cite_ref-wipo.int_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wipo.int-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anything else that may detract from the artist's relationship with the work even after it leaves the artist's possession or ownership may bring these moral rights into play. Moral rights are distinct from any economic rights tied to copyrights. Even if an artist has assigned their copyright rights to a work to a third party, they still maintain the moral rights to the work.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moral rights were first recognized in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before they were included in the <i><a href="/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works">Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works</a></i> in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-kwall_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwall-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> recognizes moral rights (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">droits moraux</i></span>) in its <i>Copyright Act</i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Loi sur le droit d'auteur</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> became a signatory to the convention in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and incorporated a version of moral rights under <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States">its copyright law</a>, codifed in <a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">Title 17 of the U.S. Code</a>. The Berne convention is not a <a href="/wiki/Self-executing_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-executing treaty">self-executing treaty</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Berne_Convention_Implementation_Act_of_1988" title="Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988">Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988</a> excludes the US from the moral rights section.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The text of the S.1301 - Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 makes no mention of moral rights at all. Lack of inclusion is not the same thing as exclusion. Maybe this works differently with international treaties, but given the red link to self-executing treaty a citation seems necessary. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some jurisdictions allow for the <a href="/wiki/Waiver" title="Waiver">waiver</a> of moral rights.<sup id="cite_ref-kwall_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwall-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44–45">: 44–45 </span></sup> In the United States, the <i><a href="/wiki/Visual_Artists_Rights_Act" title="Visual Artists Rights Act">Visual Artists Rights Act</a> of 1990 (VARA)</i> recognizes moral rights, but applies only to a narrow subset of works of <a href="/wiki/Visual_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual art">visual art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "For the purposes of VARA, visual art includes paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures, and photographs, existing in a single copy or a limited edition of 200 signed and numbered copies or fewer".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A photograph must be taken only for exhibition purposes to be recognized under this subcategory. Independent art is not a focus of this waiver, for VARA only works in protecting artwork that can be considered as having "recognized stature"; Some of the items that are voided from VARA's protection include posters, maps, globes, motion pictures, electronic publications, and applied art. The VARA grants artists two specific rights: the right of attribution, and the right of integrity. The right of attribution allows an author to enforce the attribution of their work, prevent the misattribution of their work to another author, and permits the author to retain anonymous or pseudo-anonymous ownership of the work. The right of integrity does its best to prevent distortion or modification of their work, easing an artists' worries surrounding negative defamation directly applied to their work affecting their own personal, creative, or professional reputation through misrepresentation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, moral rights are not transferable, and end only with the life of the author. Authors may, however, waive their moral rights if this is done in writing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some jurisdictions like Austria differentiate between narrow and wide moral rights. Whilst the former is about integrity of the work, the latter limits usages, which may harm the author's integrity. Some copyright timestamp services allow an author to publish allowed and disallowed usage intentions to prevent a violation of such wider moral rights.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berne_Convention">Berne Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Berne Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the Rome Revision of the Berne Convention in 1928, the Berne Convention accepted two forms of moral rights; paternity and integrity. These rights are included in Article 6bis of the <i>Berne Convention</i> as follows: </p> <blockquote> <p>Independent of the author's economic rights, and even after the transfer of the said rights, the author shall have the right to claim authorship of the work and to object to any distortion, modification of, or other derogatory action in relation to the said work, which would be prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-wipo.int_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wipo.int-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worldwide_situation">Worldwide situation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Worldwide situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Table">Table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legend: </p> <ul><li>∞: infinity (to identify perpetual moral rights, though countries and areas may have different wordings in their laws and regulations)</li> <li>= economic rights: equal to or same as economic rights</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Countries and areas </th> <th>Terms of moral rights </th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td>Albania </td> <td>∞ forever <p><br />= economic rights (works <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries%27_copyright_length_based_on_publication_and_creation_dates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries' copyright length based on publication and creation dates">copyrighted based on publication and creation dates</a>) </p> </td> <td>Arts. 4, 17-21, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=124616">Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Algeria </td> <td>∞ inalienable, cannot be waived </td> <td>Art. 21, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=178342">Ordinance No. 03-05 on Copyright and Related Rights (19 Joumada El Oula 1424 corresponding to July 19, 2003)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andorra </td> <td>= economic rights </td> <td>Arts. 6, 18 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=192960">Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola </td> <td>∞ inalienable </td> <td>Art. 18, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179377">Law on Author's Rights (No. 4/90 of 10 March 1990)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antigua and Barbuda </td> <td>= economic rights </td> <td>s. 18, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160217203146/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ag_copyright_2002_en.pdf?URL_ID=30468&filename=11428561303ag_copyright_2002_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=1272593&name=ag_copyright_2002_en.pdf&location=user-S%2F">Copyright Act, 2002</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Armenia </td> <td>∞ unlimited </td> <td>Art. 12, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=135195">Law on Copyright and Related Rights of June 15, 2006</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austria </td> <td>Life + 70 years </td> <td>§§19-21 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jusline.at/Urheberrechtsgesetz_(UrhG).html">UrhG</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian copyright law">Australia</a> (including external territories) </td> <td>= economic rights<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>s. 195AM, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/">Copyright Act 1968</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan copyright law">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>∞ unlimited </td> <td>Arts. 14, 27, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108161936/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/az_copyright_1996_en.pdf?URL_ID=30319&filename=11422428463az_copyright_1996_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=421208&name=az_copyright_1996_en.pdf&location=user-S%2F">Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barbados </td> <td>= economic rights <p><br />Life + 20 calendar years (rights against false attribution) </p> </td> <td>s. 18(1), 18(2), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805224132/http://www.wipo.int/clea/en/details.jsp?id=319">Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belarus </td> <td>∞ unlimited </td> <td>Art. 15, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=10100">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>∞ inalienable </td> <td>Arts. 1(2), 7, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=125254">Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (of June 30, 1994, as amended by the Law of April 3, 1995)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>∞ inalienable, can not be waived, assumed by heirs </td> <td>Arts. 24 and §1º, 27, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9610.htm">Copyright Law and Related Rights (Federal Law n. 9,610/98)</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#Moral_rights_in_Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>= economic rights, may be waived </td> <td>Arts. 14.1, 14.2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-42/section-14.html">Copyright Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#In_China">China</a> </td> <td>∞ perpetual and retroactive </td> <td>Arts. 10, 20, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=186569">Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark </td> <td>= Life of author + 70 calendar years (∞ unlimited if the use of the work <a href="/wiki/Protection_of_Classics" title="Protection of Classics">infringes cultural interests</a>) </td> <td>Section 63(1), 75, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=191420">The Consolidated Act on Copyright 2010. Consolidation Act No. 202 of 2/27/2010</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egypt </td> <td>∞ permanent, <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">imprescriptible</a>, and nonassignable </td> <td>Art. 143, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=190159">Law No. 82 of 2002 Pertaining to the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Copyrights and Neighboring Rights</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finland </td> <td>∞ inalienable except to an extent that is limited and restricted in scope </td> <td>Section 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1961/19610404">Copyright Law</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>∞ perpetual, inalienable, and imprescriptible </td> <td>Art. L121-1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212103910/http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=36&r=2497">Intellectual Property Code</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#Moral_rights_in_Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>∞ perpetual </td> <td>Arts. 6, 18, Copyright Act, 2005, No. 690<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#Moral_rights_in_Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</a> </td> <td>= economic, cannot be waived, must be asserted </td> <td>s. 89-114, Copyright Ordinance, Chapter 528, Division IV<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>India </td> <td>∞ perpetual </td> <td>s. 57, Copyright Act, 1957<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia </td> <td>∞ eternally inherent to the Author </td> <td>Art.5 (1)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>∞ perpetual and inalienable </td> <td>Arts. 22-23, Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macao </td> <td>∞ perpetual, inalienable, and imprescriptible </td> <td>Arts. 7(d), 41, Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M of August 16, 1999<sup id="cite_ref-declei43_en_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-declei43_en-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Macedonia </td> <td>∞ unlimited </td> <td>Arts. 61(2), 75, Author's right and related rights, Act, 31/08/2010, No. 115<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway </td> <td>irrevocable </td> <td>Intellectual Property Act (Act on copyright to intellectual property etc.). (2018). § 5. (in Norwegian)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moldova </td> <td>∞ inalienable, assumed by heirs </td> <td>Art. 9<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>the Netherlands </td> <td>= economic rights </td> <td>Art. 25(2)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Law_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright Law of Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td>∞ perpetual, inalienable, and nonassignable </td> <td>Art. 5 The Law For the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, Royal Decree 65/2008<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Singapore </td> <td>= economic, can be waived </td> <td>Part 7 Copyright Act 2021<sup id="cite_ref-sso_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sso-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa </td> <td>= economic, can be waived, non-assignable </td> <td>Art. 20 Copyright Act No.98 of 1978<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>= economic, can be waived, must be asserted </td> <td>Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48), Chapter IV, ss. 77–89<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>Only applies to works of visual art limited to the life of the author(s) to the end of the calendar year of death of the last author(s), can be waived </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Europe">In Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most of Europe, it is not possible for authors to assign or even broadly waive away their moral rights. This follows a tradition in European copyright itself, which is regarded as an item of property which cannot be sold, but only licensed. The author can agree to waive them to a limited extent (and such terms are very common in contracts in Europe). There may also be a requirement for the author to 'assert' these moral rights before they can be enforced. In many books, for example, this is done on a page near the beginning, in and amongst the British Library/Library of Congress data.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Canada">In Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moral_rights_in_Canadian_copyright_law" title="Moral rights in Canadian copyright law">Moral rights in Canadian copyright law</a></div> <p>Section 14.1 of <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Canada" title="Copyright law of Canada">Canada's Copyright Act</a> protects the moral rights of authors.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moral rights cannot be assigned, but can be waived contractually. Many publishing contracts in Canada now contain a standard moral right waiver. </p><p>Moral rights in Canada were famously exercised in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_v._The_Eaton_Centre_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd.">Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd.</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Eaton_Centre" title="Toronto Eaton Centre">Toronto Eaton Centre</a>, a large shopping mall, had commissioned the artist Michael Snow for a sculpture of Canada Geese. Snow successfully stopped Eaton's from decorating the geese with bows at Christmas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_China">In China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 20 of the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Copyright_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1990)" class="extiw" title="s:Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (1990)">Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (1990)</a> provides unlimited term of protection of the rights of authorship, alteration, and integrity of an author. As Article 55 of the same Law provides retroactive protection of unexpired term on the date of entry into force of this Law, the Chinese perpetual moral rights are retroactive as well. The <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Copyright_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2001)" class="extiw" title="s:Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2001)">2001</a> version retains this provision and the original Article 55 becomes Article 59. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Ghana">In Ghana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Ghana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art. 18, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108161936/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/gh_copyright_2005_en.pdf?URL_ID=30226&filename=11416586343gh_copyright_2005_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=526153&name=gh_copyright_2005_en.pdf&location=user-S%2F">Copyright Act, 2005</a> provides perpetual moral rights. The moral rights in Art. 6 are for proper attribution and against any distortion, mutilation or other modification of the work where that act would be or is prejudicial to the reputation of the author or where the work is discredited by the act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Hong_Kong">In Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moral Rights is specified under Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) Division IV, starting from section 89.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author of computer program does not have Moral Rights (section 91). Moral Rights cannot be transferred unless on the death of moral rights holder (section 105 and 106). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_India">In India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moral rights are recognised under section 57 of India copyright act. Section 57 refers to Author's Special rights. It states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="font-size: initial"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>(1) Independently of author's copyright, and even after the assignment either wholly or partially of the said copyright, the author of the work shall have the right to claim authorship of the work as well as the right to restrain, or claim damages in respect of<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>(a) any distortion, mutilation or other modification of the said work; or</li><li>(b) any other action in relation to the said work which would be prejudicial to his honour or reputation.</li></ul></div></li><li>(2) The right conferred upon an author of a work by sub section (1), other than the right to claim authorship of the work, may be exercised by the legal representatives of the author.</li></ul></div></blockquote> <p>The issue of moral rights was discussed in <i>Amar Nath Sehgal v Union of India & Ors</i> (CS/OS/No.2074/1992 decided on 21 February 2005. Court of Mr. Justice Pradeep Nandrajog). The case pertained to a mural that was commissioned in 1957 by the Government of India during construction of <a href="/wiki/Vigyan_Bhavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigyan Bhavan">Vigyan Bhavan</a> at New Delhi. The mural in question was made of bronze had span of 140 feet sweep of 40 feet. The mural remained on display and was much appreciated till pulled down in 1979 and then consigned to storerooms of Union of India. Delhi High Court specifically referred to the Berne Convention in delivering judgement. The Court also awarded damages of ₹500,000 and also decreed in favor of the Amar Nath Sehgal that he would have an absolute right to recreate the mural at any place and right to sale the same. </p><p>The Court accepted the existence of moral rights despite the work being commissioned work and copyright had passed over to union of India and suit being brought 13 years after the said act (defense of limitations as pleaded by Government was rejected by the court). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Macao">In Macao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In Macao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 41 of the Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M<sup id="cite_ref-declei43_en_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-declei43_en-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides inalienable, unrenounceable and imprescriptible author's personal rights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Taiwan">In Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, the Copyright Act has provided authors' perpetual moral rights with regard of attribution and protection against alteration in bad faith, even if the works are in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>, as follows: </p> <ul><li>Article 25 of the Copyright Act 1928 <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Article 21 of the Copyright Act 1944 <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Article 21 of the Copyright Act 1948, unchanged from the 1944 Act <sup id="cite_ref-c436_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c436-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The effective jurisdiction of the Republic of China became limited to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Area" title="Taiwan Area">Taiwan Area</a> in 1949.)</li> <li>Article 21 of the Copyright Act 1964, unchanged from the 1948 Act <sup id="cite_ref-j544_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j544-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Article 26 of the Copyright Act 1985 <sup id="cite_ref-q049_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q049-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Article 26 of the Copyright Act 1990, unchanged from the 1985 Act <sup id="cite_ref-g591_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g591-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Section 3, Articles 15-21 of the Copyright Act 1992, with the Article unchanged in the subsequent versions of the Copyright Act<sup id="cite_ref-e066_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e066-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Singapore">In Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, the Copyright Act 2021<sup id="cite_ref-sso_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sso-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which came into effect in November 2021 provides for selected moral rights of authors and performers including the right to be acknowledged, right not to be falsely identified, amongst others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moral rights traditionally have not been recognized in American law.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimmer_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimmer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some elements of moral rights do exist in the United States, but are usually protected through specific contract provisions between parties, or else through individual states' laws or the derivative work rights in <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright law in the United States">U.S. copyright law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimmer_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimmer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. copyright law emphasizes protection of financial reward over protection of creative attribution.<sup id="cite_ref-kwall_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwall-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xiii">: xiii </span></sup> The exclusive rights tradition in the United States is inconsistent with the notion of moral rights as it was constituted in the Civil Code tradition stemming from post-Revolutionary France. When the United States acceded to the <a href="/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works">Berne Convention</a>, it stipulated that the Convention's "moral rights" provisions were addressed sufficiently by other statutes, such as laws covering <a href="/wiki/Slander_and_libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Slander and libel">slander and libel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kwall_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwall-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> </p><p>Some individual states have moral rights laws, particularly pertaining to visual art and artists (see e.g. <a href="/wiki/California_Art_Preservation_Act" title="California Art Preservation Act">California Art Preservation Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artists_Authorship_Rights_Act_(New_York)" title="Artists Authorship Rights Act (New York)">Artists Authorship Rights Act (New York)</a>). However, it is unclear if these laws, or portions thereof, are preempted by federal laws, such as the Visual Artists Rights Act.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Gilliam_v._American_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilliam v. American Broadcasting">Gilliam v. American Broadcasting</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a> comedy troupe made a claim of "mutilation" (akin to a moral rights claim) in 1975 in <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">legal proceedings</a> against American TV network <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> for airing re-edited versions of <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the case was primarily decided on the basis of whether the BBC was licensed in such a way as to allow ABC to edit the videos (paragraph 20). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visual_Artists_Rights_Act">Visual Artists Rights Act</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Visual Artists Rights Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Visual_Artists_Rights_Act" title="Visual Artists Rights Act">The Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990</a> grants authors of a "work of visual art" – e.g. photographs, paintings, sculptures, etc. – the non-transferable<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> right to </p> <ul><li>claim authorship</li> <li>prevent the use of one's name on any work the author did not create</li> <li>prevent use of one's name on any work that has been distorted, mutilated, or modified in a way that would be prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation</li> <li>prevent any intentional distortion, mutilation, or modification that would prejudice the author's honor or reputation</li> <li>prevent the destruction of a work of art if it is of "recognized stature"<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>These rights are distinct from any rights of copyright and ownership of a copy of the work.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adaptation_right">Adaptation right</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Adaptation right"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Copyright holders have the right to control adaptations, or the preparation of "<a href="/wiki/Derivative_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivative works">derivative works</a>". This right is given under <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright law in the United States">copyright law</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">17 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/106">§ 106</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lanham_Act">Lanham Act</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lanham Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Section 43 of the <a href="/wiki/Lanham_Act" title="Lanham Act">Lanham Act</a> governs false and misleading advertising, and can apply in some instances to attribution of protected works. However, it cannot be used to create moral rights for works outside of the Act. See <i><a href="/wiki/Dastar_v._Twentieth_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastar v. Twentieth Century Fox">Dastar v. Twentieth Century Fox</a></i>. </p><p>By the start of the twentieth century, U.S. decisions on unfair competition found that representing as the author's work a version of the work that substantially departed from the original was a cause of action.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Section §43(a) of the <a href="/wiki/Lanham_Act" title="Lanham Act">Lanham Act</a>, which protects brands and trademarks, also provides similar protection to laws based on moral rights. For any goods or services, it bans false designation of origin or a false description or representation.<sup id="cite_ref-kwall_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwall-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">: 30 </span></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Gilliam_v._American_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilliam v. American Broadcasting">Gilliam v. American Broadcasting</a></i> the British comedy group <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a> took action against the ABC network for broadcasting versions of their programs which had been correctly attributed to them but had been extensively edited, in part to remove content that their audience might consider offensive or obscene. The judgement of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> was in favor of <i>Monty Python</i>, finding the cuts might be an "actionable mutilation" that violated the Lanham Act.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Courtesy_of_non-attribution">Courtesy of non-attribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Courtesy of non-attribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Authors occasionally wish to distance themselves from work they have been involved with, some to the point of not wishing to be recognized as the work's author. One way they may do this is by signing the work under a pseudonym. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Smithee" title="Alan Smithee">Alan Smithee</a> was a traditional, collective pseudonym used in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> between 1968 and 1999 by discontented <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film directors</a> who no longer wanted to be credited. This courtesy was not always extended, however. The director of <i><a href="/wiki/Highlander_II:_The_Quickening" title="Highlander II: The Quickening">Highlander II</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Mulcahy" title="Russell Mulcahy">Russell Mulcahy</a>, wanted his name removed after the completion bond company took over film production, but he was contractually obliged not to impugn the film and he was told that using a pseudonym would impugn it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>If the work was <a href="/wiki/Unfinished_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfinished work">unfinished</a>, sometimes the original author will choose a pseudonym as permission for the copyright holder to do whatever they wish to finish and market the unwanted work, cutting ties from the product. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">Personality rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_of_Classics" title="Protection of Classics">Protection of Classics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSundara_Rajan,_Mira_T.2006" class="citation book cs1">Sundara Rajan, Mira T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bkzKM4pvyB4C"><i>Copyright and Creative Freedom: A Study of Post-Socialist Law Reform</i></a>. Routledge Studies in International Law. Taylor & Francis. pp. 41–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-20396-776-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-20396-776-8"><bdi>978-0-20396-776-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Copyright+and+Creative+Freedom%3A+A+Study+of+Post-Socialist+Law+Reform&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+International+Law&rft.pages=41-42&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-20396-776-8&rft.au=Sundara+Rajan%2C+Mira+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbkzKM4pvyB4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"moral, adj.". OED Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. 25 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wipo.int-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wipo.int_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wipo.int_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/283698#P123_20726">[1]</a>, Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, September 9, 1886, art. 6bis, S. Treaty Doc. No. 27, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 41 (1986).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigamonti,_Cyrill_P.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rigamonti, Cyrill P. (Summer 2006). "Deconstructing Moral Rights". <i>Harvard International Law Journal</i>. <b>47</b> (2): 353–412.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+International+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Deconstructing+Moral+Rights&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=353-412&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Rigamonti%2C+Cyrill+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kwall-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kwall_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kwall_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kwall_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kwall_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kwall_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwall2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Rosenthal_Kwall" title="Roberta Rosenthal Kwall">Kwall, Roberta Rosenthal</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smES_wO_NscC&dq=the+soul+of+creativity+kwall&pg=PA15"><i>The Soul of Creativity: Forging a Moral Rights Law for the United States</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80475-643-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80475-643-3"><bdi>978-0-80475-643-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+Creativity%3A+Forging+a+Moral+Rights+Law+for+the+United+States&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-80475-643-3&rft.aulast=Kwall&rft.aufirst=Roberta+Rosenthal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmES_wO_NscC%26dq%3Dthe%2Bsoul%2Bof%2Bcreativity%2Bkwall%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-42/section-14.html">Copyright Act</a> (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/results.jsp?countries=US&cat_id=11">"Countries"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipolex%2Fen%2Fresults.jsp%3Fcountries%3DUS%26cat_id%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGassaway2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gassaway, Laura (December 2002). "Copyright and moral rights". <i>Information Outlook</i>. <b>6</b> (12): 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Outlook&rft.atitle=Copyright+and+moral+rights&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=40&rft.date=2002-12&rft.aulast=Gassaway&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span> (Copyright Corner)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/property/library/moralprimer.html">"Moral Rights Basics"</a>. <i>cyber.harvard.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cyber.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=Moral+Rights+Basics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyber.harvard.edu%2Fproperty%2Flibrary%2Fmoralprimer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairkom.eu/en/fairregister">"fairregister | fairkom"</a>. <i>www.fairkom.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fairkom.eu&rft.atitle=fairregister+%26%23124%3B+fairkom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairkom.eu%2Fen%2Ffairregister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">s. 195AM(1) provides: "An author's right of integrity of authorship in respect of a cinematograph film continues in force until the author dies."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=148037">"Ghana: Copyright Act, 2005 (Act 690)"</a>. <i>WIPO Lex</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202802/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=148037">Archived</a> from the original on Nov 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIPO+Lex&rft.atitle=Ghana%3A+Copyright+Act%2C+2005+%28Act+690%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipolex%2Fen%2Ftext.jsp%3Ffile_id%3D148037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=181889">"Hong Kong, China: Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of June 1, 2011)"</a>. <i>WIPO Lex</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004804/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=181889">Archived</a> from the original on Nov 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIPO+Lex&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%2C+China%3A+Copyright+Ordinance+%28Chapter+528%29+%28consolidated+version+of+June+1%2C+2011%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipolex%2Fen%2Ftext.jsp%3Ffile_id%3D181889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1367?sam_handle=123456789/1362">"Copyright Act, 1957"</a>. <i>India Code</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031083118/https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1367?sam_handle=123456789/1362">Archived</a> from the original on Oct 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Code&rft.atitle=Copyright+Act%2C+1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiacode.nic.in%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F1367%3Fsam_handle%3D123456789%2F1362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/details/15600">"Indonesia, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright"</a>. <i>WIPO Lex</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022235808/https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/details/15600">Archived</a> from the original on Oct 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIPO+Lex&rft.atitle=Indonesia%2C+Law+of+the+Republic+of+Indonesia+No.+28+of+2014+on+Copyright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwipolex.wipo.int%2Fen%2Flegislation%2Fdetails%2F15600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/it/it/it175it.pdf">"Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633. — protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>WIPO</i>. Societa' Italiana Degli Autori Ed Editori Biblioteca Giuridica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104003504/https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/it/it/it175it.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on Nov 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIPO&rft.atitle=Legge+22+aprile+1941%2C+n.+633.+%E2%80%94+protezione+del+diritto+d%27autore+e+di+altri+diritti+connessi+al+suo+esercizio.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fedocs%2Flexdocs%2Flaws%2Fit%2Fit%2Fit175it.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=301483">Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 sulla protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio (aggiornata con le modifiche introdotte dal decreto-legge 30 aprile 2010, n. 64)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-declei43_en-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-declei43_en_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-declei43_en_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/99/33/declei43_en.asp">"Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M"</a>. <i>Printing Bureau (Macao SAR)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508025712/https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/99/33/declei43_en.asp">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Printing+Bureau+%28Macao+SAR%29&rft.atitle=Decree-Law+n.o+43%2F99%2FM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbo.io.gov.mo%2Fbo%2Fi%2F99%2F33%2Fdeclei43_en.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626054115/http://www.zamp.com.mk/Zakon_za_Avtorskoto_pravo_i_srodnite_prava_115_31082010.pdf">"Закон За Авторското Право И Сродните Права - Сл. Весник На Р. Македонија, Бр.115 Од 31.08.2010 Година"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>zamp.com.mk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zamp.com.mk/Zakon_za_Avtorskoto_pravo_i_srodnite_prava_115_31082010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on Jun 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zamp.com.mk&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%97%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%98+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+-+%D0%A1%D0%BB.+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%A0.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%2C+%D0%91%D1%80.115+%D0%9E%D0%B4+31.08.2010+%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zamp.com.mk%2FZakon_za_Avtorskoto_pravo_i_srodnite_prava_115_31082010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lovdata.no/lov/2018-06-15-40/§5">"Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk mv. (åndsverkloven) - Kapittel 1 Grunnleggende bestemmelser om opphavsrett til åndsverk - Lovdata"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lov+om+opphavsrett+til+%C3%A5ndsverk+mv.+%28%C3%A5ndsverkloven%29+-+Kapittel+1+Grunnleggende+bestemmelser+om+opphavsrett+til+%C3%A5ndsverk+-+Lovdata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flovdata.no%2Flov%2F2018-06-15-40%2F%C2%A75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=9795">"Republic of Moldova, Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights"</a>. <i>WIPO Lex</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004715/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=9795">Archived</a> from the original on Nov 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIPO+Lex&rft.atitle=Republic+of+Moldova%2C+Law+No.+139+of+July+2%2C+2010%2C+on+Copyright+and+Neighboring+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipolex%2Fen%2Fdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D9795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/jci1.3:c:BWBR0001886&hoofdstuk=I&paragraaf=6&artikel=25&z=2015-07-01&g=2015-07-01">"Regeling - Auteurswet - BWBR0001886"</a>. <i>wetten.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111225350/https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001886/2015-07-01/#HoofdstukI_Paragraaf6_Artikel25">Archived</a> from the original on Nov 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wetten.nl&rft.atitle=Regeling+-+Auteurswet+-+BWBR0001886&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetten.overheid.nl%2Fjci1.3%3Ac%3ABWBR0001886%26hoofdstuk%3DI%26paragraaf%3D6%26artikel%3D25%26z%3D2015-07-01%26g%3D2015-07-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114021804/http://www.mocioman.gov.om/Main-Menu/Laws-and-Regulations/Laws/copy-right-law.aspx">"القوانين واللوائح > حق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة"</a>. <i>mocioman.gov.om</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mocioman.gov.om/Main-Menu/Laws-and-Regulations/Laws/copy-right-law.aspx">the original</a> on Jan 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mocioman.gov.om&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD+%3E+%D8%AD%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mocioman.gov.om%2FMain-Menu%2FLaws-and-Regulations%2FLaws%2Fcopy-right-law.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sso-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sso_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sso_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2021?WholeDoc=1#P17-">"Copyright Act 2021"</a>. <i>Singapore Statutes Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303055255/https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2021?WholeDoc=1#P17-">Archived</a> from the original on Mar 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Singapore+Statutes+Online&rft.atitle=Copyright+Act+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsso.agc.gov.sg%2FAct%2FCA2021%3FWholeDoc%3D1%23P17-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202547/http://www.cipro.co.za/legislation%20forms/Copyright/Copyright%20Act.pdf">"Copyright Act No. 98 of 1978"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIPRO</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cipro.co.za/legislation%20forms/Copyright/Copyright%20Act.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on Mar 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIPRO&rft.atitle=Copyright+Act+No.+98+of+1978&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cipro.co.za%2Flegislation%2520forms%2FCopyright%2FCopyright%2520Act.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/">"Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>. 1988 c. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Copyright%2C+Designs+and+Patents+Act+1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1988%2F48%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/106A">"17 U.S. Code § 106A - Rights of certain authors to attribution and integrity"</a>. <i>LII / Legal Information Institute</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell Law School</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=17+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+106A+-+Rights+of+certain+authors+to+attribution+and+integrity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F17%2F106A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe-Jänisch2015" class="citation cs2">Hoppe-Jänisch, Daniel (19 May 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexology.com/library/document.ashx?g=365c8b4a-efe5-45c7-872f-88ca68042d7a"><i>IP Assignment Clauses in International Employment Contracts</i></a>, London: Lexology, p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2015</span>, <q>European copyright systems provide for a stronger connection between the copyright and the author of the protected work. This makes sense if one considers that even though the German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Urheberrecht</i></span> or the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">droit d'auteur</i></span> are often translated as <i>copyright</i>, the literal translation is <i>author's right</i>. It comprises not only proprietary rights but also moral rights. In many European jurisdictions, only the proprietary rights are assignable; in others, copyrights, including the proprietary rights, cannot be assigned at all but authors may only grant others a license to exploit the protected work. Moral rights are usually not assignable and can be waived only to a limited extent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IP+Assignment+Clauses+in+International+Employment+Contracts&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Lexology&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft.aulast=Hoppe-J%C3%A4nisch&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexology.com%2Flibrary%2Fdocument.ashx%3Fg%3D365c8b4a-efe5-45c7-872f-88ca68042d7a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranch2023" class="citation web cs1">Branch, Legislative Services (April 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-42/section-14.html">"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Copyright Act"</a>. <i>laws-lois.justice.gc.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+Canada%2C+Copyright+Act&rft.date=2023-04-27&rft.aulast=Branch&rft.aufirst=Legislative+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2FC-42%2Fsection-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd.</i> (1982) 70 C.P.R. (2d) 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.hk/chi/home.htm">Please visit Hongkong legislation website for specified ordinance sections</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007010331/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117617051400.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:01705140"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117617051400.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A01705140&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117617051400.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007012134/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117633033100.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:033033100"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117633033100.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A033033100&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117633033100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c436-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c436_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007015213/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117637123100.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:037123100"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117637123100.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A037123100&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117637123100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j544-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-j544_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007015108/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117653063000.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:053063000"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117653063000.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A053063000&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117653063000.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q049-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q049_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007020010/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117674062800.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:074062800"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117674062800.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A074062800&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117674062800.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g591-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g591_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007010650/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117679011100.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:079011100"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117679011100.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A079011100&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117679011100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e066-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e066_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071234/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117681052200.htm">"法編號:01176 版本:081052200"</a>. <i>lis.ly.gov.tw</i>. 19 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01176/0117681052200.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lis.ly.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F%3A01176+%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%3A081052200&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flghtml%2Flawstat%2Fversion2%2F01176%2F0117681052200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tipo.gov.tw/en/AllInOne_Show.aspx?path=1485&guid=26d93e21-7218-4b04-a4a8-44af93325c92&lang=en-us">"經濟部智慧財產局"</a>. <i>tipo.gov.tw</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tipo.gov.tw&rft.atitle=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%83%A8%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tipo.gov.tw%2Fen%2FAllInOne_Show.aspx%3Fpath%3D1485%26guid%3D26d93e21-7218-4b04-a4a8-44af93325c92%26lang%3Den-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimmer-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmer_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmer_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nimmer on Copyright</i>, vol. 3, § 8D.02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the Artists Ownership Rights Act (New York) it was decided in 2003 by the District Court for the Southern District of New York in <i>Board of Managers of Soho Int'l Arts Condominium v. City of New York</i> that the law has been preempted by the Visual Artists Rights Act. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/538/538.F2d.14.75-7693.76-7023.913.1058.html"><i>Monty Python v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.</i></a>, 538 F.2d 14 (2d Cir 1976) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100514191609/http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/538/538.F2d.14.75-7693.76-7023.913.1058.html">Archived</a> 2010-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">17 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/106A#e_1">§ 106A(e)(1)</a></span>, "The rights conferred ... may not be transferred"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gassaway, Laura (December 2002) "Copyright and moral rights", <i>Information Outlook</i>, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 40–41 (Copyright Corner)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">17 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/106A#e_2">§ 106A(e)(2)</a></span>, "Ownership of the rights ... is distinct from ownership of any copy of that work, or of a copyright or any exclusive right under a copyright in that work."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinn2006" class="citation book cs1">Winn, Jane K. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EVe40UcXGkUC&pg=PA126"><i>Consumer Protection in the Age of the 'Information Economy'<span></span></i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. pp. 126–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4709-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4709-6"><bdi>978-0-7546-4709-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consumer+Protection+in+the+Age+of+the+%27Information+Economy%27&rft.pages=126-127&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4709-6&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Jane+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEVe40UcXGkUC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumbard1976" class="citation web cs1">Lumbard (June 30, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/metaschool/fisher/integrity/Links/Cases/gilliam.html">"Terry Gilliam et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants-Appellees, v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., Defendant-Appellee-Appellant"</a>. United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terry+Gilliam+et+al.%2C+Plaintiffs-Appellants-Appellees%2C+v.+American+Broadcasting+Companies%2C+Inc.%2C+Defendant-Appellee-Appellant&rft.pub=United+States+Court+of+Appeals%2C+Second+Circuit&rft.date=1976-06-30&rft.au=Lumbard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyber.law.harvard.edu%2Fmetaschool%2Ffisher%2Fintegrity%2FLinks%2FCases%2Fgilliam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoral+rights" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works/Articles_1_to_21#Article_6bis" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works/Articles 1 to 21">Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works/Articles 1 to 21#Article 6bis</a> at Wikisource</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peter E. Berlowe, Laura J. Berlowe-Heinish, and Peter A. Koziol, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floridabar.org/DIVCOM/JN/JNJournal01.nsf/8c9f13012b96736985256aa900624829/7d40f5831fae1b0c85257363005460be?OpenDocument">"In this Digital Age, Are We Protecting Tomorrow's 'Masterpieces'? Protection of the Moral Rights of the Digital Graphic Artist"</a>, 81 Fla. Bar J. 30 (2007)</li> <li>Laura Gassaway, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040609202217/http://www.sla.org/content/Shop/Information/infoonline/2002/dec02830/copycorner.cfm">"Copyright and moral rights" (Copyright Corner)</a> <i>Information Outlook</i>, Vol. 6, No. 12 (December 2002), pp. 40–41.</li> <li>Patrick Masiyakurima, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2005.00544.x/abstract">"The Trouble with Moral Rights"</a>, <i>The Modern Law Review</i> (May 2005), 68 (3), pp. 411–434</li> <li>Cyrill P. Rigamonti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202111135/http://www.iwr.unibe.ch/content/ueber_uns/prof_cyrill_p_rigamonti/english/publications_by_prof_dr_cyrill_p_rigamonti/e7137/e7141/e7413/e7422/Rigamonti_47HarvILJ353_ger.pdf">"Deconstructing Moral Rights"</a>, 47 <i>Harv. Int'l L.J.</i> 353 (2006) (PDF)</li> <li>Cyrill P. Rigamonti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128175058/http://www.iwr.unibe.ch/content/ueber_uns/prof_cyrill_p_rigamonti/english/publications_by_prof_dr_cyrill_p_rigamonti/e7137/e7141/e7413/e8015/CPR_55AmJCompL67_ger.pdf">"The Conceptual Transformation of Moral Rights"</a>, 55 <i>American Journal of Comparative Law</i> 67 (2007)</li> <li>Mira T. Sundara Rajan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bileta.ac.uk/content/files/conference%20papers/2002/Moral%20Rights%20and%20Copyright%20Harmonisation%20-%20Prospects%20for%20an%20'International%20Moral%20Right'.pdf">"Moral Rights and Copyright Harmonisation - Prospects for an 'International Moral Right<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</a>, British and Irish Law Conference, 2002, Free University, Amsterdam</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&oldid=1257850934">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moral_rights&oldid=1257850934</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intellectual_property_law" title="Category:Intellectual property law">Intellectual property law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copyright_law" title="Category:Copyright law">Copyright law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_and_culture_law" title="Category:Art and culture law">Art and culture law</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2018">Articles with dead external links from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_December_2008" title="Category:Incomplete lists from December 2008">Incomplete lists from December 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 23:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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