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id="toc-Kinh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Kinh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_and_pre-history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_pre-history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Origins and pre-history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_pre-history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history_and_Chinese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_Chinese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Early history and Chinese rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_Chinese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_and_early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_and_early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Medieval and early modern period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_and_early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_century_–_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century_–_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 16th century – Modern period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century_–_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Genetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles_and_theses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles_and_theses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Journal articles and theses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles_and_theses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Web sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vietnamese people</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" > 61 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamese" title="Viëtnamese – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Viëtnamese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فيتناميون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتناميون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetl%C9%99r" title="Vyetlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vyetlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oa%CC%8Dt-l%C3%A2m-l%C3%A2ng" title="Oa̍t-lâm-lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oa̍t-lâm-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="В’еты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="В’еты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Виетнамци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виетнамци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamites" title="Vietnamites – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vietnamites" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietov%C3%A9" title="Vietové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vietové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamesen" title="Vietnamesen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vietnamesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamlased" title="Vietnamlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vietnamlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Βιετναμέζοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιετναμέζοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_vietnamita" title="Pueblo vietnamita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnamoj" title="Vjetnamoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vjetnamoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamdar" title="Vietnamdar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vietnamdar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مردم ویتنامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم ویتنامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt" title="Viêt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viêt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjetnamezen" title="Fjetnamezen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjetnamezen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_vietnamita" title="Pobo vietnamita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%97%A3%EC%A1%B1" title="비엣족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비엣족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վիետնամցիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիետնամցիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Vietnam" title="Suku Vietnam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Việt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Việt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="וייטנאמים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייטנאמים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიეტნამელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიეტნამელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вьеттер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вьеттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ຄົນຫວຽດນາມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄົນຫວຽດນາມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamie%C4%8Diai" title="Vietnamiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vietnamiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيتناميين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيتناميين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Vietnam" title="Orang Vietnam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-c%C5%ADk" title="Gĭng-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Вьетнамчууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вьетнамчууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamezen" title="Vietnamezen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vietnamezen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E6%97%8F" title="キン族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キン族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Вьеташ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вьеташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamesarar" title="Vietnamesarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vietnamesarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetlar" title="Vyetlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vyetlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98" title="ជនជាតិវៀតណាម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជនជាតិវៀតណាម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viet" title="Viet – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Viet" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wietnamczycy" title="Wietnamczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wietnamczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamitas" title="Vietnamitas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vietnamitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Вьеты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вьеты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_fowk" title="Vietnamese fowk – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vietnamese fowk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popull_vietnamez" title="Popull vietnamez – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Popull vietnamez" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vietnamese people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamci" title="Vietnamci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vietnamci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Вијетнамци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вијетнамци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijetnamci" title="Vijetnamci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vijetnamci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamilaiset" title="Vietnamilaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vietnamilaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnameser" title="Vietnameser – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vietnameser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வியட்நாமிய மக்கள் – 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Viet_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Viet (disambiguation)">Viet (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viets_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Viets (disambiguation)">Viets (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Vietnamese (disambiguation)">Vietnamese (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Người Việt" redirects here. 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Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vietnamese_people" title="Special:EditPage/Vietnamese people">improve it</a> or discuss these issues on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vietnamese_people" title="Talk:Vietnamese people">talk page</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>) <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs attention from an expert in Vietnam. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Vietnam" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Vietnam">WikiProject Vietnam</a> may be able to help recruit an expert. (November 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this article is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vietnamese_people##" title="Talk:Vietnamese people">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>. (November 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Vietnamese people / Kinh people <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Viet</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="vi">người Việt / người Kinh</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg/220px-%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg/330px-%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg/440px-%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="1235" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Vietnamese woman, wearing an <a href="/wiki/Ao_dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ao dai">ao dai</a>, and man</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 89 million <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/280px-Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/420px-Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/560px-Map_of_the_Vietnamnese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">82,085,826 (<a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_census" title="2019 Vietnamese census">2019</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Census2019-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">2,300,000</a> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AsianPop-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">400,000–1,000,000<a href="#cite_note-cambodia-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Japan" title="Vietnamese people in Japan">600,348</a> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_France" title="Vietnamese people in France">300,000</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>–350,000<a href="#cite_note-etude-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">334,781 (<a href="/wiki/2021_Australian_census" title="2021 Australian census">2021</a>)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">275,530 (<a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Canada_2021_Census-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">259,375 (2024)<a href="#cite_note-18">[a]</a>–470,000<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Germany" title="Vietnamese people in Germany">215,000</a> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></th><td class="infobox-data">209,373 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-23">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,954<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a>–150,000<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a>–500,000<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90,000<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a>–100,000<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-RM-32">[30]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80,000<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60,000–80,000<a href="#cite_note-economist0427-34">[32]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40,000–50,000<a href="#cite_note-economist0427-34">[32]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40,000<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">42,000<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a>–303,000<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[c]</a>/33,112 (<a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[d]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28,114 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24,594 (2021)<a href="#cite_note-Ref-1-44">[40]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21,528 (2021)<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000 (2018)<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,235<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a>–20,000<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16,141 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,000<a href="#cite_note-cna21072021-54">[50]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,000–15,000<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,291 (2021)<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,000<a href="#cite_note-vietcelebratetet-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10,086 (2018)<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,000<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,304 (2016)<a href="#cite_note-KSH-61">[57]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,000<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,000<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,500<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> syncretized with <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a>. Minorities of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a>) and other groups.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other <a href="/wiki/Vietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietic">Vietic</a> ethnic groups (<a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Gin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Muong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chứt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_people" title="Thổ people">Thổ</a> peoples) </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Chu_nom.svg/26px-Chu_nom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Chu_nom.svg/39px-Chu_nom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Chu_nom.svg/52px-Chu_nom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="779" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> text. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(East_Asian)" title="Help:Multilingual support (East Asian)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">chữ Quốc ngữ</a>.</div></div> </div> The Vietnamese people (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: người Việt <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Việt people' or 'Việt humans') or the Kinh people (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: người Kinh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405">, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'Metropolitan people'), also recognized as the Viet people<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> or the Viets, are a <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> native to modern-day <a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Southern China</a> who speak <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, the most widely spoken <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic language">Austroasiatic language</a>. Vietnamese Kinh people account for just 85.32% of the population of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Vietnamese Census">2019 census</a>, and are officially designated and recognized as the Kinh people (người Kinh) to distinguish them from the other <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Vietnam">minority groups</a> residing in the country such as the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a>. The Vietnamese are one of the four main groups of <a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a> speakers in Vietnam, the others being the <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_people" title="Thổ people">Thổ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chứt people</a>. They are related to the <a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Gin</a> people, a minority ethnic group in China. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div> According to Churchman (2010), all endonyms and exonyms referring to the Vietnamese such as Viet (related to ancient Chinese geographical imagination), Kinh (related to medieval administrative designation), or Keeu and Kæw (derived from Jiāo 交, ancient Chinese toponym for Northern Vietnam, <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a> *kraw) by <a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai">Kra-Dai</a> speaking peoples, are related to political structures or have common origins in ancient Chinese geographical imagination. Most of the time, the Austroasiatic-speaking ancestors of the modern Kinh under one single ruler might have assumed for themselves a similar or identical social self-designation inherent in the modern Vietnamese first-person pronoun ta (us, we, I) to differentiate themselves with other groups. In the older colloquial usage, ta corresponded to "ours" as opposed to "theirs", and during colonial time they were "nước ta" (our country) and "tiếng ta" (our language) in contrast to "nước tây" (western countries) and "tiếng tây" (western languages).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201033-72">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Việt">Việt</h3></div> The term "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="extiw" title="wikt:Việt">Việt</a>" (Yue) (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:越">越</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Yuè; <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Yale">Cantonese Yale</a>: Yuht; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: Yüeh4; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="extiw" title="wikt:Việt">Việt</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Middle Chinese">Early Middle Chinese</a> was first written using the <a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logograph</a> "戉" for an axe (a homophone), in <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone" title="Oracle bone">oracle bone</a> and bronze inscriptions of the late <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> (c. 1200 BC), and later as "越".<a href="#cite_note-Norman&Mei-73">[69]</a> At that time it referred to a people or chieftain to the northwest of the Shang.<a href="#cite_note-Meacham-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Theobald-75">[71]</a> In the early 8th century BC, a tribe on the middle <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> were called the <a href="/wiki/Yangyue" title="Yangyue">Yangyue</a>, a term later used for peoples further south.<a href="#cite_note-Meacham-74">[70]</a> Between the 7th and 4th centuries BC Yue/Việt referred to the <a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">State of Yue</a> in the lower Yangtze basin and its people.<a href="#cite_note-Norman&Mei-73">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meacham-74">[70]</a> From the 3rd century BC the term was used for the non-Chinese populations of south and southwest China and northern Vietnam, with particular ethnic groups called <a href="/wiki/Minyue" title="Minyue">Minyue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ouyue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouyue">Ouyue</a> (Vietnamese: <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Âu Việt">Âu Việt</a>), Luoyue (Vietnamese: <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Lạc Việt">Lạc Việt</a>), etc., collectively called the <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> (Bách Việt, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:百越">百越</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Bǎiyuè; <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Yale">Cantonese Yale</a>: Baak Yuet; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: Bách Việt; <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'Hundred Yue/Viet'; ).<a href="#cite_note-Norman&Mei-73">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meacham-74">[70]</a> The term Baiyue/Bách Việt first appeared in the book <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshi_Chunqiu" title="Lüshi Chunqiu">Lüshi Chunqiu</a> compiled around 239 BC.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> By the 17th and 18th centuries AD, educated Vietnamese referred to themselves as người Việt 𠊛越 (Viet people) or người Nam 𠊛南 (southern people).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberman2003405-78">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%F0%A0%8A%9B%E8%B6%8A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%F0%A0%8A%9B%E8%B6%8A.png/220px-%F0%A0%8A%9B%E8%B6%8A.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/%F0%A0%8A%9B%E8%B6%8A.png 1.5x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>Người Việt 𠊛越 (Vietnamese people) written here in the book, 大南國史演歌 Đại Nam quốc sử diễn ca</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinh">Kinh</h3></div> Beginning in the 10th and 11th centuries, a strand of Viet-Muong (northern Vietic language) with influence from a hypothetic Chinese dialect in northern Vietnam, dubbed as Annamese Middle Chinese, started to become what is now the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20135-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> Its speakers called themselves the "Kinh" people, meaning people of the "metropolitan" centered around the Red River Delta with <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> as its capital. Historic and modern chữ Nôm scripture classically uses the Han character '京', pronounced "Jīng" in Mandarin, and "Kinh" with Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation. Other variants of Proto-Viet-Muong were driven from the lowlands by the Kinh and were called Trại (寨 Mandarin: Zhài), or "outpost" people," by the 13th century. These became the modern <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20134–6-82">[78]</a> According to Victor Lieberman, người Kinh (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a>: 𠊛京) may be a colonial-era term for Vietnamese speakers inserted anachronistically into translations of pre-colonial documents, but literature on 18th century ethnic formation is lacking.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberman2003405-78">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_pre-history">Origins and pre-history</h3></div> There is considerable debate regarding the ethnic origin of the Kinh people. The <a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic languages</a> are traditionally assumed to have been originated <a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern Vietnam</a>, around the Red River Delta.<a href="#cite_note-Sagart_2008-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ferlus_2009-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> Archaeogenetics demonstrate that prior to the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn culture">Dong Son period</a>, the Red River Delta's inhabitants were predominantly Austroasiatic: genetic data from the <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9ng_Nguy%C3%AAn_culture" title="Phùng Nguyên culture">Phùng Nguyên culture</a>'s <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1n_B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Mán Bạc">Mán Bạc</a> burial site (dated 1,800 BC) have close proximity to modern Austroasiatic speakers such as the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> Meanwhile, "mixed genetics" from the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn culture">Đông Sơn culture</a>'s Núi Nấp site show affinity with <a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai people</a> from China, <a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a> speakers from Thailand, and Austroasiatic speakers from Vietnam, including the Kinh. This indicates that although the Kinh people speak an Austroasiatic language that is indigenous to northern Vietnam, they are predominantly descended from Kra-Dai ethnic groups that migrated into the region from southern China.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> One hypothesis suggests that the forerunners of the ethnic Kinh descended from a <a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">subset</a> of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Austroasiatic">Proto-Austroasiatic</a> people who are believed to have originated around the modern borders of southern China, either around <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingnan" title="Lingnan">Lingnan</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>, as well as mainland <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. These proto-Austroasiatics also diverged into <a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Monic</a> speakers, who settled further to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmeric</a> speakers, who migrated further south. The <a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a> of northeastern India were another subset of proto-Austroasiatics who likely diverged earlier than the aforementioned groups, given the linguistic distance in basic vocabulary of the languages. Most archaeologists, linguists, and other specialists, such as Sinologists and crop experts, believe that they arrived no later than 2000 BC, bringing with them the practice of riverine agriculture and in particular, the cultivation of wet rice.<a href="#cite_note-Blench2018-89">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blench2017-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sidwell2015b-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> Some linguists (James Chamberlain, Joachim Schliesinger) have suggested that Vietic-speaking people migrated from the <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central Region</a> of Vietnam to the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a>, which had originally been inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai</a> <a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">speakers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChamberlain200040-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchliesinger2018a21,_97-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchliesinger2018b3–4,_22,_50,_54-95">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201946–47-96">[92]</a> However, Michael Churchman found no records of population shifts in <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Jiaozhi</a> (centered around the Red River Delta) in Chinese sources, indicating that a fairly stable population of Austroasiatic speakers, ancestral to modern Vietnamese, inhabited the delta during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> periods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201036-97">[93]</a> Others[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] have proposed that northern Vietnam and southern China were never homogeneous in terms of ethnicity and languages but were populated by <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">people</a> who shared similar customs. These ancient tribes did not have any kind of defined ethnic boundary and could not be described as "Vietnamese" (Kinh) in any satisfactory sense.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201027–29,_31,_32,_33-98">[94]</a> Attempts to identify ethnic groups in ancient Vietnam are problematic and often inaccurate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201025-99">[95]</a> Another theory, based upon linguistic diversity, locates the most probable homeland of the Vietic languages in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bolikhamsai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolikhamsai Province">Bolikhamsai Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khammouane_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khammouane Province">Khammouane Province</a> in Laos as well as in parts of <a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nghệ An Province">Nghệ An Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Quảng Bình Province">Quảng Bình Province</a> in Vietnam. In the 1930s, clusters of Vietic-speaking communities discovered in the hills of eastern Laos were believed to be the earliest inhabitants of that region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201952-100">[96]</a> According to the Vietnamese legend The Tale of the Hồng Bàng Clan (Hồng Bàng thị truyện), written in the 15th century, the first Vietnamese were descended from the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_dragon" title="Vietnamese dragon">dragon</a> lord <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_Long_Qu%C3%A2n" title="Lạc Long Quân">Lạc Long Quân</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">fairy</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_C%C6%A1" title="Âu Cơ">Âu Cơ</a>. They married and had one hundred eggs, from which hatched one hundred children. Their eldest son ruled as the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B9ng_king" title="Hùng king">Hùng king</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelley2016165–167-101">[97]</a> The Hùng kings were claimed to be descended from the mythical figure <a href="/wiki/Shen_Nong" class="mw-redirect" title="Shen Nong">Shen Nong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelley2016175-102">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_Chinese_rule">Early history and Chinese rule</h3></div> The earliest reference of the proto-Vietnamese in Chinese annals was the Lạc (Chinese: Luo), <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Lạc Việt">Lạc Việt</a>, or the Dongsonian,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201941–42-103">[99]</a> an ancient tribal confederacy of perhaps polyglot <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic language">Austroasiatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai language">Kra-Dai</a> speakers occupied the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201942-104">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> The Lạc developed the metallurgical <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn culture">Đông Sơn culture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83n_Lang" class="mw-redirect" title="Văn Lang">Văn Lang</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdom</a>, ruled by the semi-mythical <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B9ng_king" title="Hùng king">Hùng kings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201953-106">[102]</a> To the south of the Dongsonians was the <a href="/wiki/Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_culture" title="Sa Huỳnh culture">Sa Huỳnh culture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Chamic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamic language">Chamic people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201956-107">[103]</a> Around 400–200 BC, the Lạc came to contact with the <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Âu Việt">Âu Việt</a> (a splinter group of <a href="/wiki/Tai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai people">Tai people</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Sinitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic">Sinitic</a> people from the north.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafer196714-108">[104]</a> According to a late-third- or early-fourth-century AD Chinese chronicle, the leader of the Âu Việt, <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A5c_Ph%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Thục Phán">Thục Phán</a>, conquered Văn Lang and deposed the last <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B9ng_Du%E1%BB%87_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hùng Duệ Vương">Hùng king</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelley2016167–168-109">[105]</a> Having submissions of Lạc lords, Thục Phán proclaimed himself King An Dương of <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_L%E1%BA%A1c" title="Âu Lạc">Âu Lạc</a> kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201953-106">[102]</a> In 179 BC, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Tuo" title="Zhao Tuo">Zhao Tuo</a>, a Chinese general who has established the <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a> state in modern-day Southern China, annexed Âu Lạc, and began the Sino-Vietic interaction that lasted in a millennium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969-110">[106]</a> In 111 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han Empire</a> conquered Nanyue, brought the Northern Vietnam region under Han rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201975-111">[107]</a> By the 7th century to 9th century AD, as the <a href="/wiki/Tang_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang Empire">Tang Empire</a> ruled over the region, historians such as <a href="/wiki/Henri_Maspero" title="Henri Maspero">Henri Maspero</a> proposed that Vietnamese-speaking people became separated from other Vietic groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chut people">Chứt</a> due to heavier Chinese influences on the Vietnamese.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaspero191210-112">[108]</a> Other argue that a Vietic migration from north central Vietnam to the Red River Delta in the seventh century replaced the original Tai-speaking inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201943-113">[109]</a> In the mid-9th century, local rebels aided by <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a> tore the Tang Chinese rule to nearly collapse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafer196763-114">[110]</a> The Tang reconquered the region in 866, causing half of the local rebels to flee into the mountains, which historians believe that was the separation between the <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a> and the Vietnamese took at the end of Tang rule in Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaspero191210-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1983248-115">[111]</a> In 938, the Vietnamese leader <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Ngô Quyền">Ngô Quyền</a> who was a native of <a href="/wiki/Thanh_Hoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanh Hoa">Thanh Hóa</a>, led Viet forces defeated the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a> armada at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_B%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%90%E1%BA%B1ng_(938)" title="Battle of Bạch Đằng (938)">Bạch Đằng River</a> and proclaimed himself king, became the first Viet king of polity that now could be perceived as "Vietnamese".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019127,_131_[Quote_(p.131):_From_the_tenth_century,_Vietnamese_history_comes_into_its_own._After_millennia_of_undocumented_prehistory_and_a_thousand_years_of_imperial_rule_documented_only_in_Chinese,_new_indigenous_historical_sources_throw_increasing_light_on_political,_economic,_and_cultural_developments_in_the_territory_that_had_comprised_the_Protectorate_of_Annam._How_new_were_these_developments?_A_tenth-century_ruler_revived_for_a_second_time_the_ancient_name_of_the_kingdom_of_Nán_Yuè_in_its_Vietnamese_form,_Nam_Việt._But_this_new_kingdom_would_then_adopt_a_new_name,_Đại_Việt_(Great_Việt),_and_unlike_its_classical_Yuè_predecessors_and_short-lived_tenth-century_counterparts_in_south_China,_it_successfully_resisted_reintegration_into_the_empire._The_new_autonomous_Việt_realm_inherited_both_the_Sino-Vietnamese_hereditary_aristocracy_and_the_provincial_geography_of_Tang_Annam._From_north_to_south,_it_was_a_diverse_region_of_five_provinces_and_border_marches._Restive_ethnic_Tai_and_oth" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019127,_131_[Quote_(p.131):_From_the_tenth_century,_Vietnamese_history_comes_into_its_own._After_millennia_of_undocumented_prehistory_and_a_thousand_years_of_imperial_rule_documented_only_in_Chinese,_new_indigenous_historical_sources_throw_increasing_light_on_political,_economic,_and_cultural_developments_in_the_territory_that_had_comprised_the_Protectorate_of_Annam._How_new_were_these_developments?_A_tenth-century_ruler_revived_for_a_second_time_the_ancient_name_of_the_kingdom_of_Nán_Yuè_in_its_Vietnamese_form,_Nam_Việt._But_this_new_kingdom_would_then_adopt_a_new_name,_Đại_Việt_(Great_Việt),_and_unlike_its_classical_Yuè_predecessors_and_short-lived_tenth-century_counterparts_in_south_China,_it_successfully_resisted_reintegration_into_the_empire._The_new_autonomous_Việt_realm_inherited_both_the_Sino-Vietnamese_hereditary_aristocracy_and_the_provincial_geography_of_Tang_Annam._From_north_to_south,_it_was_a_diverse_region_of_five_provinces_and_border_marches._Restive_ethnic_Tai_and_ot">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_and_early_modern_period">Medieval and early modern period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg/250px-Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg/375px-Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg/500px-Trang_ph%E1%BB%A5c_Kinh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>One of the traditional costumes of Vietnamese people</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Ngô Quyền">Ngô Quyền</a> died in 944 and his kingdom collapsed into chaos and disturbances between twelve warlords and chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019139-117">[113]</a> In 968, a leader named <a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_B%E1%BB%99_L%C4%A9nh" title="Đinh Bộ Lĩnh">Đinh Bộ Lĩnh</a> united them and established the Đại Việt (Great Việt) kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019141-118">[114]</a> With assistance of powerful Buddhist monks, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh chose <a href="/wiki/Hoa_L%C6%B0" title="Hoa Lư">Hoa Lư</a> in the southern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a> as the capital instead of Tang-era <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_La" title="Đại La">Đại La</a>, adopted Chinese-style imperial titles, coinage, and ceremonies and tried to preserve the Chinese administrative framework.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberman2003352-119">[115]</a> The independence of Đại Việt, according to Andrew Chittick, allows it "to develop its own distinctive political culture and ethnic consciousness."<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> In 979, Emperor <a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_Ti%C3%AAn_Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Đinh Tiên Hoàng">Đinh Tiên Hoàng</a> was assassinated, and Queen <a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C3%A2n_Nga" title="Dương Vân Nga">Dương Vân Nga</a> married with Dinh's general <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Ho%C3%A0n" title="Lê Hoàn">Lê Hoàn</a>, appointed him as Emperor. Disturbances in Đại Việt attracted attention from the neighbouring Chinese <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> Kingdom, but they were defeated by Lê Hoàn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019144–145-121">[117]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Khmer_inscriptions" title="Khmer inscriptions">Khmer inscription</a> dated 987 records the arrival of Vietnamese merchants (Yuon) in <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019157-122">[118]</a> Chinese writers Song Hao, <a href="/wiki/Fan_Chengda" title="Fan Chengda">Fan Chengda</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Qufei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Qufei (page does not exist)">Zhou Qufei</a> all reported that the inhabitants of Đại Việt "tattooed their foreheads, crossed feet, black teeth, bare feet and blacken clothing."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh201684–85-123">[119]</a> The early 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham</a> inscription of Chiên Đàn, <a href="/wiki/My_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="My Son">My Son</a>, erected by king of Champa <a href="/wiki/Harivarman_IV" title="Harivarman IV">Harivarman IV</a> (r. 1074–1080), mentions that he had offered Khmer (Kmīra/Kmir) and Viet (Yvan) prisoners as slaves to various local gods and temples of the citadel of Tralauṅ Svon.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> Successive Vietnamese royal families from the Đinh, Early Lê, Lý dynasties and (<a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa</a>)/Chinese ancestry Trần and Hồ dynasties ruled the kingdom peacefully from 968 to 1407. Emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" title="Lý Thái Tổ">Lý Thái Tổ</a> (r. 1009–1028) relocated the Vietnamese capital from <a href="/wiki/Hoa_L%C6%B0" title="Hoa Lư">Hoa Lư</a> to <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_La" title="Đại La">Đại La</a>, the center of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a> in 1010.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019148-125">[121]</a> They practiced elitist marriage alliances between clans and nobles in the country. Mahayana Buddhism became state religion, Vietnamese music instruments, dancing and religious worshipping were influenced by both Cham, Indian and Chinese styles,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019153–154-126">[122]</a> while Confucianism slowly gained attention and influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019155-127">[123]</a> The earliest surviving corpus and text in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese language</a> dated early 12th century, and surviving <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a> script inscriptions dated early 13th century, showcasing enormous influences of Chinese culture among the early Vietnamese elites.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019135,_138-128">[124]</a> The Mongol <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> unsuccessfully invaded Đại Việt in the 1250s and 1280s, though they sacked Hanoi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019169,_170-129">[125]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> of China conquered Đại Việt in 1406, brought the Vietnamese under Chinese rule for 20 years, before they were driven out by Vietnamese leader <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_L%E1%BB%A3i" title="Lê Lợi">Lê Lợi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019194–197-130">[126]</a> The fourth grandson of Lê Lợi, Emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Th%C3%A1nh_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lê Thánh Tông">Lê Thánh Tông</a> (r. 1460–1497), is considered one of the greatest monarchs in Vietnamese history. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, military, education, and fiscal reforms he instituted, and a cultural revolution that replaced the old traditional aristocracy with a generation of literati scholars, adopted Confucianism, and transformed a Đại Việt from a Southeast Asian style polity to a bureaucratic state, and flourished. Thánh Tông's forces, armed with <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> weapons, overwhelmed the long-term rival <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> in 1471, then launched an unsuccessful invasion against the Laotian and <a href="/wiki/Lan_Na" title="Lan Na">Lan Na</a> kingdoms in the 1480s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019204–211-131">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_century_–_Modern_period">16th century – Modern period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg/200px-Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg/300px-Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg/400px-Quan_di_vong_thoi_nha_Nguyen_Minh_Mang_1828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>Vietnamese soldiers in 1828</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quanlai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quanlai.jpg/200px-Quanlai.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quanlai.jpg/300px-Quanlai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quanlai.jpg/400px-Quanlai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="1322" /></a><figcaption>Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)" title="Mandarin (bureaucrat)">bureaucrat officials</a>, 1883–1886</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viet1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Viet1919.jpg/200px-Viet1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Viet1919.jpg/300px-Viet1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Viet1919.jpg/400px-Viet1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Vietnamese farmers in 1921</figcaption></figure> With the death of Thánh Tông in 1497, the Đại Việt kingdom swiftly declined. Climate extremes, failing crops, regionalism and factionism tore the Vietnamese apart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019213–214-132">[128]</a> From 1533 to 1790s, four powerful Vietnamese families – Mạc, Lê, Trịnh and Nguyễn – each ruled on their own domains. In northern Vietnam (Đàng Ngoài–outer realm), the Lê emperors barely sat on the throne while the Trịnh lords held power of the court. The Mạc controlled northeast Vietnam. The Nguyễn lords ruled the southern polity of Đàng Trong (inner realm).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019221–223-133">[129]</a> Thousands of ethnic Vietnamese migrated south, settled on the old Cham lands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019224–225-134">[130]</a> European missionaries and traders from the sixteenth century brought new religion, ideas and crops to the Vietnamese (Annamese). By 1639, there were 82,500 Catholic converts throughout Vietnam. In 1651, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Rhodes" title="Alexandre de Rhodes">Alexandre de Rhodes</a> published a 300-pages <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and romanized-Vietnamese (chữ Quốc Ngữ) or the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019233–234-135">[131]</a> The Vietnamese Fragmentation period ended in 1802 as Emperor <a href="/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Gia Long</a>, who was aided by French mercenaries defeated the <a href="/wiki/Tay_Son_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay Son dynasty">Tay Son</a> kingdoms and reunited Vietnam. Through assimilation and brutal subjugation in the 1830s by <a href="/wiki/Minh_Mang" class="mw-redirect" title="Minh Mang">Minh Mang</a>, a large chunk of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham</a> had been assimilated into Vietnamese. By 1847, the Vietnamese state under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Thieu_Tri" class="mw-redirect" title="Thieu Tri">Thiệu Trị</a>, people that identified them as "người Việt Nam" accounted for nearly 80 percent of the country's population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberman2003433-136">[132]</a> This demographic model continues to persist through the <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Japanese occupation</a> and modern day. Between 1862 and 1867, the southern third of the country became the <a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">French colony of Cochinchina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLeod199161-137">[133]</a> By 1884, the entire country had come under French rule, with the central and northern parts of Vietnam separated into the two protectorates of <a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a>. The three Vietnamese entities were formally integrated into the union of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> in 1887.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOoi2004520-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2001396-139">[135]</a> The French administration imposed significant political and cultural changes on Vietnamese society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankum2011172-140">[136]</a> A Western-style system of modern education introduced new <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> values into Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENhu_Nguyen201637-141">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg/220px-South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg/330px-South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg/440px-South_Vietnamese_soldiers_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Vietnamese soldiers in 1972</figcaption></figure> Despite having a long recorded history of the Vietnamese language and people, the identification and distinction of 'ethnic Vietnamese' or ethnic Kinh, as well as other ethnic groups in Vietnam, were only begun by colonial administration in the late 19th and early 20th century. Following colonial government's efforts of ethnic classificating, nationalism, especially <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnonationalism</a> and eugenic <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">social Darwinism</a> were encouraged among the new Vietnamese intelligentsia's discourse. Ethnic tensions sparked by Vietnamese ethnonationalism peaked during the late 1940s at the beginning phase of the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> (1946–1954), which resulted in violence between Khmer and Vietnamese in the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a>. The mid-20th century marked a pivotal turning point with the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, a conflict that not only left an indelible impact on the nation but also had far-reaching consequences for the Vietnamese people. The war, which lasted from 1955 to 1975, resulted in significant social, economic, and political upheavals, shaping the modern history of Vietnam and its people. Following the <a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification of Vietnam">end of the Vietnam War</a> in 1975, the post-war era brought economic hardships and strained social dynamics, prompting resilient efforts at reconstruction, reconciliation, and the implementation of economic reforms such as the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a> policies in the late 20th century. Later, North Vietnam's Soviet-style social integrational and ethnic classification tried to build an image of diversity under the harmony of socialism, promoting the idea of the Vietnamese nation as a 'great single family' comprised by many different ethnic groups, and Vietnamese ethnic chauvinism was officially discouraged. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2></div> Several studies show a close genetic connection between Kinh Vietnamese and <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thais</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> although one 2017 study suggests they have dual origins from <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese#Demic_diffusion_and_north-south_differences" title="Han Chinese">southern Han Chinese</a> and Thai-<a href="/wiki/Indonesians" title="Indonesians">Indonesians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religions">Religions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion in Vietnam</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:GreenYellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2065.3343769455px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 895.47032985125px; border-left-color:Tomato"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Tomato"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Tomato"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 564.5924559666px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 193.84605375014px; border-left-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 86.171595130805px; border-left-color:#C00000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#C00000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#C00000"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Vietnam (2019)<a href="#cite_note-Census2019-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> or non religious (86.32%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Vietnam" title="Catholic Church in Vietnam">Catholicism</a> (6.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (4.79%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a> (1.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (0.77%)</div> </div> </div></div> According to the 2019 census, the religious demographics of Vietnam are as follows:<a href="#cite_note-Census2019-1">[1]</a> <ul><li>86.32% <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> or non religious</li> <li>6.1% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Vietnam" title="Catholic Church in Vietnam">Catholicism</a></li> <li>4.79% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>)</li> <li>1.02% <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li>1% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><1% <a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li>0.77 Others</li></ul> It is worth noting here that the data is highly skewed, as a large majority of Vietnamese may declare themselves atheist, yet practice forms of traditional folk religion or Mahayana Buddhism.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> Estimates for the year 2010 published by the Pew–Templeton Global Religious Futures Project:<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] <ul><li>Vietnamese folk religion, 45.3%</li> <li>Unaffiliated, 29.6%</li> <li>Buddhism, 16.4%</li> <li>Christianity, 8.2%</li> <li>Other, 0.5%</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas Vietnamese</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg/220px-Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg/330px-Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg/440px-Vietnamnese_Abroad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Map of the countries with a significant Vietnamese population</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Jose_Tet_parade,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/San_Jose_Tet_parade%2C_2009.jpg/220px-San_Jose_Tet_parade%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/San_Jose_Tet_parade%2C_2009.jpg/330px-San_Jose_Tet_parade%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/San_Jose_Tet_parade%2C_2009.jpg/440px-San_Jose_Tet_parade%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">New Year</a> parade, San Jose, California, United States</figcaption></figure> Originally from northern Vietnam and southern China, the Vietnamese have expanded south and conquered much of the land belonging to the former <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> over the centuries. They are the dominant ethnic group in most provinces of Vietnam, and constitute a small percentage of the population in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. Beginning around the sixteenth century, groups of Vietnamese migrated to Cambodia and China for commerce and political purposes. Descendants of Vietnamese migrants in China form the <a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Gin</a> ethnic group in the country and primarily reside in and around <a href="/wiki/Guangxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangxi Province">Guangxi Province</a>. Vietnamese form the largest ethnic minority group in Cambodia, at 5% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>, they were heavily persecuted and survivors of the regime largely fled to Vietnam. During <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French colonialism</a>, Vietnam was regarded as the most important colony in Asia by the French colonial powers, and the Vietnamese had a higher social standing than other ethnic groups in French Indochina.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> As a result, educated Vietnamese were often trained to be placed in colonial government positions in the other Asian French colonies of Laos and Cambodia rather than locals of the respective colonies. There was also a significant representation of Vietnamese students in France during this period, primarily consisting of members of the elite class. A large number of Vietnamese also migrated to France as workers, especially during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when France recruited soldiers and locals of its colonies to help with war efforts in metropolitan France. The wave of migrants to France during World War I formed the first major presence of the Vietnamese in France and the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-diaspora-151">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg/220px-Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg/330px-Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg/440px-Congregation_Of_The_Mother_Coredemtrix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Congregation of the Mother Coredemptrix in Carthage, Missouri</figcaption></figure> When Vietnam gained its independence from France in 1954, a number of Vietnamese loyal to the colonial government also migrated to France. During the partition of Vietnam into <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South</a>, a number of South Vietnamese students also arrived to study in France, along with individuals involved in commerce for trade with France, which was a principal economic partner with South Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-diaspora-151">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png/220px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png/330px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png/440px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="3108" /></a><figcaption>Ethnolinguistic groups of Mainland Southeast Asia</figcaption></figure> Forced repatriation in 1970 and deaths during the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> era reduced the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Cambodian">Vietnamese</a> population in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> from between 250,000 and 300,000 in 1969 to a reported 56,000 in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">fall of Saigon</a> and end of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> prompted the start of the Vietnamese diaspora, which saw millions of Vietnamese fleeing the country from the new communist regime. Recognizing an international humanitarian crisis, many countries accepted Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a>, primarily the United States, France, Australia and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> Meanwhile, under the new communist regime, tens of thousands of Vietnamese were sent to work or study in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> as development aid to the Vietnamese government and for migrants to acquire skills that were to be brought home to help with development.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/48px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/64px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Lạc Việt">Lạc Việt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_L%E1%BA%A1c" title="Âu Lạc">Âu Lạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_people" title="List of Vietnamese people">List of Vietnamese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas Vietnamese</a> (Known as "Việt Kiều")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese culture">Vietnamese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese music">Vietnamese music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">List of ethnic groups in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia">Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Vietnamese clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture of Vietnam</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> The number of Vietnamese nationals currently in Taiwan with a valid residence permit was 259,375 as of 30 April 2024 (155,147 males, 104,228 females). The number of Vietnamese nationals with a valid residence permit in Taiwan (including those currently not in Taiwan) was 295,051 as of 30 April 2024 (174,108 males, 120,943 females).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The number of foreign spouses of Vietnamese origin in Taiwan was 111,529 as of April 2022 (2,383 males, 109,146 females).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)">Taiwanese Ministry of the Interior</a>, between 1993 and 2021, 94,015 Vietnamese nationals became naturalized citizens in the Republic of China.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> It was also estimated that 70% of <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_migrant_brides_in_Taiwan" title="Vietnamese migrant brides in Taiwan">Vietnamese brides in Taiwan</a> had obtained Taiwanese nationality as of 2014,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> with many renouncing Vietnamese citizenship in the process of naturalization, in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwanese law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> An estimated 200,000 children were born to Vietnamese mothers and Taiwanese fathers, according to a report by <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Education (Taiwan)">Taiwanese Ministry of Education</a>, in 2021, 105,237 children born to foreign spouses of Vietnamese origin were enrolled in educational institutions across Taiwan (4,601 in kindergartens, 23,719 in primary schools, 17,904 in secondary schools, 31,497 in high schools, and 27,516 in universities/colleges),<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> a decrease of nearly 3,000 students compared to the previous year, which recorded a total of 108,037 students (5,168 in kindergartens, 25,752 in primary schools, 22,462 in secondary schools, 33,430 in high schools, and 21,225 in universities/colleges).<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> According to a report released by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Safety_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Interior and Safety (South Korea)">Ministry of the Interior and Safety</a>, as of 2022, there were 209,373 Vietnamese nationals in South Korea (those without Korean nationality), including 41,555 foreign workers; 36,362 marriage immigrants; 68,181 international students and 63,274 people classified as "Others". Additionally, the report revealed that 50,660 Vietnamese individuals had acquired Korean nationality, and there were also 103,295 children born to parents of Vietnamese origin in South Korea.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> This data only included Vietnamese Nationals in Mainland China, Excluding <a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Gin people</a> and data in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="Vietnamese people in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, Macau and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Taiwan" title="Vietnamese people in Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> this data only included <a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Gin people</a> in Mainland China. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2019-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf">Kết quả Toàn bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019 (Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census)</a> (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-75-1532-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-75-1532-5"><bdi>978-604-75-1532-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110045640/https://www.gso.gov.vn/du-lieu-va-so-lieu-thong-ke/2020/11/ket-qua-toan-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%E1%BA%BFt+qu%E1%BA%A3+To%C3%A0n+b%E1%BB%99+T%E1%BB%95ng+%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u+tra+d%C3%A2n+s%E1%BB%91+v%C3%A0+nh%C3%A0+%E1%BB%9F+n%C4%83m+2019+%28Completed+Results+of+the+2019+Viet+Nam+Population+and+Housing+Census%29&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-604-75-1532-5&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F12%2FKet-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AsianPop-2"><a href="#cite_ref-AsianPop_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B02018?q=B02018">"Asian Alone or in Combination With One or More Other Races, and With One or More Asian Categories for Selected Groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. 2022. 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Retrieved 12 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.immigration.gov.tw/media/104412/%E5%A4%96%E5%83%91%E5%B1%85%E7%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%A1%A811304.xls"><bdi lang="zh">外僑居留人數統計表11209</bdi></a> [Statistical Table for the Number of Foreign Residents as of April 2024]. 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Retrieved 14 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Immigration+Agency%2C+Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%96%E5%83%91%E5%B1%85%E7%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%A1%A811209&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.immigration.gov.tw%2Fmedia%2F104412%2F%25E5%25A4%2596%25E5%2583%2591%25E5%25B1%2585%25E7%2595%2599%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%2595%25B8%25E7%25B5%25B1%25E8%25A8%2588%25E8%25A1%25A811304.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5385/7344/7350/8887/"><bdi lang="zh">統計資料</bdi></a> [Statistics]. National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, Republic of China (Taiwan). 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527063015/https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5385/7344/7350/8887/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Immigration+Agency%2C+Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.immigration.gov.tw%2F5385%2F7344%2F7350%2F8887%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statis.moi.gov.tw/micst/stmain.jsp?sys=220&ym=8200&ymt=11000&kind=21&type=1&funid=c0150101&cycle=4&outmode=0&compmode=0&outkind=1&fld6=1&cod00=1&cod10=1&rdm=b3xnxWlZ">"國籍之歸化取得人數"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)">Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531094516/https://statis.moi.gov.tw/micst/stmain.jsp?sys=220&ym=8200&ymt=11000&kind=21&type=1&funid=c0150101&cycle=4&outmode=0&compmode=0&outkind=1&fld6=1&cod00=1&cod10=1&rdm=b3xnxWlZ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+the+Interior+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%8B%E7%B1%8D%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatis.moi.gov.tw%2Fmicst%2Fstmain.jsp%3Fsys%3D220%26ym%3D8200%26ymt%3D11000%26kind%3D21%26type%3D1%26funid%3Dc0150101%26cycle%3D4%26outmode%3D0%26compmode%3D0%26outkind%3D1%26fld6%3D1%26cod00%3D1%26cod10%3D1%26rdm%3Db3xnxWlZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vov.vn/xa-hoi/co-dau-viet-o-dai-loan-va-muon-neo-kiem-tim-hanh-phuc-307687.vov">"Cô dâu Việt ở Đài Loan và muôn nẻo kiếm tìm hạnh phúc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a>. 24 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529171349/https://vov.vn/xa-hoi/co-dau-viet-o-dai-loan-va-muon-neo-kiem-tim-hanh-phuc-307687.vov">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=C%C3%B4+d%C3%A2u+Vi%E1%BB%87t+%E1%BB%9F+%C4%90%C3%A0i+Loan+v%C3%A0+mu%C3%B4n+n%E1%BA%BBo+ki%E1%BA%BFm+t%C3%ACm+h%E1%BA%A1nh+ph%C3%BAc&rft.date=2014-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvov.vn%2Fxa-hoi%2Fco-dau-viet-o-dai-loan-va-muon-neo-kiem-tim-hanh-phuc-307687.vov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinsey2007" class="citation news cs1">McKinsey, Kitty (14 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2007/2/45d324428/divorce-leaves-vietnamese-women-broken-hearted-stateless.html">"Divorce leaves some Vietnamese women broken-hearted and stateless"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft.atitle=Divorce+leaves+some+Vietnamese+women+broken-hearted+and+stateless&rft.date=2007-02-14&rft.aulast=McKinsey&rft.aufirst=Kitty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Flatest%2F2007%2F2%2F45d324428%2Fdivorce-leaves-vietnamese-women-broken-hearted-stateless.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vov.vn/doi-song/nhung-co-dau-day-tieng-viet-o-xu-dai-317553.vov">"Những cô dâu dạy tiếng Việt ở xứ Đài"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a>. 26 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529153903/https://vov.vn/doi-song/nhung-co-dau-day-tieng-viet-o-xu-dai-317553.vov">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Nh%E1%BB%AFng+c%C3%B4+d%C3%A2u+d%E1%BA%A1y+ti%E1%BA%BFng+Vi%E1%BB%87t+%E1%BB%9F+x%E1%BB%A9+%C4%90%C3%A0i&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvov.vn%2Fdoi-song%2Fnhung-co-dau-day-tieng-viet-o-xu-dai-317553.vov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/analysis/110_son_of_foreign.pdf">110 學年度各級學校新住民子女就學概況</a> (PDF) (Report). Department of Statistics – Ministry of Education, Taiwan. November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=110+%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6+%E5%90%84%E7%B4%9A%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3%E5%B0%B1%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Ministry+of+Education%2C+Taiwan&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.moe.gov.tw%2Ffiles%2Fanalysis%2F110_son_of_foreign.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/analysis/109_son_of_foreign.pdf">109 學年度各級學校新住民子女就學概況</a> (PDF) (Report). Department of Statistics – Ministry of Education, Taiwan. November 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=109+%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6+%E5%90%84%E7%B4%9A%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3%E5%B0%B1%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Ministry+of+Education%2C+Taiwan&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.moe.gov.tw%2Ffiles%2Fanalysis%2F109_son_of_foreign.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2022" class="citation news cs1">Nguyen, Rosie (19 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnamese-culture-promoted-in-taiwan-46139.html">"Vietnamese Culture Promoted in Taiwan"</a>. VietnamTimes. <a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_c%C3%A1c_t%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%AFu_ngh%E1%BB%8B_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" class="extiw" title="vi:Liên hiệp các tổ chức Hữu nghị Việt Nam">Vietnam Union of Friendship Organizations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711092734/https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnamese-culture-promoted-in-taiwan-46139.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VietnamTimes&rft.atitle=Vietnamese+Culture+Promoted+in+Taiwan&rft.date=2022-08-19&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnamtimes.org.vn%2Fvietnamese-culture-promoted-in-taiwan-46139.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyễn2017" class="citation news cs1">Nguyễn, Lucy (20 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thanhnien.vn/lao-dong-viet-o-dai-loan-nhoc-nhan-doi-giot-mo-hoi-185629288.htm">"Lao động Việt ở Đài Loan: Nhọc nhằn đổi giọt mồ hôi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thanh_Ni%C3%AAn" title="Thanh Niên">Thanh Niên</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824111459/https://thanhnien.vn/lao-dong-viet-o-dai-loan-nhoc-nhan-doi-giot-mo-hoi-185629288.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thanh+Ni%C3%AAn&rft.atitle=Lao+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng+Vi%E1%BB%87t+%E1%BB%9F+%C4%90%C3%A0i+Loan%3A+Nh%E1%BB%8Dc+nh%E1%BA%B1n+%C4%91%E1%BB%95i+gi%E1%BB%8Dt+m%E1%BB%93+h%C3%B4i&rft.date=2017-02-20&rft.aulast=Nguy%E1%BB%85n&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthanhnien.vn%2Flao-dong-viet-o-dai-loan-nhoc-nhan-doi-giot-mo-hoi-185629288.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html">"Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten"</a>. Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Statistisches Bundesamt). 2 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240428145232/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Privathaushalten+nach+Migrationshintergrund+im+weiteren+Sinn+nach+ausgew%C3%A4hlten+Geburtsstaaten&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office+of+Germany+%28Statistisches+Bundesamt%29&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FGesellschaft-Umwelt%2FBevoelkerung%2FMigration-Integration%2FTabellen%2Fmigrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mois.go.kr/cmm/fms/FileDown.do?atchFileId=FILE_00122524JiY0kO9&fileSn=0">"(통계표) 2022 지방자치단체 외국인주민 현황 통계표"</a> [2022 Local Government Foreign Residents Statistics]. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Safety_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Interior and Safety (South Korea)">Ministry of the Interior and Safety (South Korea)</a>. 8 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109104143/https://www.mois.go.kr/cmm/fms/FileDown.do?atchFileId=FILE_00122524JiY0kO9&fileSn=0">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+the+Interior+and+Safety+%28South+Korea%29&rft.atitle=%28%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C%29+2022+%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EB%8B%A8%EC%B2%B4+%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EB%AF%BC+%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9+%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mois.go.kr%2Fcmm%2Ffms%2FFileDown.do%3FatchFileId%3DFILE_00122524JiY0kO9%26fileSn%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121208222034/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Materials/pril2_dok2.xlsx">"Национальный состав населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Materials/pril2_dok2.xlsx">the original</a> on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2FDocuments%2FMaterials%2Fpril2_dok2.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._Anh_HoangCheryll_Alipio2019" class="citation book cs1">L. Anh Hoang; Cheryll Alipio (2019). Money and Moralities in Contemporary Asia. Amsterdam University Press. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789048543151" title="Special:BookSources/9789048543151"><bdi>9789048543151</bdi></a>. <q>It is estimated that there are up to 150,000 Vietnamese migrants in Russia, but the vast majority of them are undocumented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Money+and+Moralities+in+Contemporary+Asia&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789048543151&rft.au=L.+Anh+Hoang&rft.au=Cheryll+Alipio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐình_Nam2022" class="citation news cs1">Đình Nam (22 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baochinhphu.vn/pho-thu-tuong-vu-duc-dam-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-thai-lan-102220522185639861.htm">"Phó Thủ tướng Vũ Đức Đam gặp gỡ cộng đồng người Việt tại Thái Lan"</a>. Báo điện tử Chính phủ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526150247/https://baochinhphu.vn/pho-thu-tuong-vu-duc-dam-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-thai-lan-102220522185639861.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD+Ch%C3%ADnh+ph%E1%BB%A7&rft.atitle=Ph%C3%B3+Th%E1%BB%A7+t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng+V%C5%A9+%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c+%C4%90am+g%E1%BA%B7p+g%E1%BB%A1+c%E1%BB%99ng+%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+t%E1%BA%A1i+Th%C3%A1i+Lan&rft.date=2022-05-22&rft.au=%C4%90%C3%ACnh+Nam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaochinhphu.vn%2Fpho-thu-tuong-vu-duc-dam-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-thai-lan-102220522185639861.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoàng_HoaNgọc_Quang2019" class="citation news cs1">Hoàng Hoa; Ngọc Quang (25 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dangcongsan.vn/lanh-dao-dang-nha-nuoc/chu-tich-quoc-hoi-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-thai-lan-532902.html">"Chủ tịch Quốc hội gặp gỡ cộng đồng người Việt Nam tại Thái Lan"</a>. Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">Vietnam News Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525143852/https://dangcongsan.vn/lanh-dao-dang-nha-nuoc/chu-tich-quoc-hoi-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-thai-lan-532902.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communist+Party+of+Vietnam+Online+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Ch%E1%BB%A7+t%E1%BB%8Bch+Qu%E1%BB%91c+h%E1%BB%99i+g%E1%BA%B7p+g%E1%BB%A1+c%E1%BB%99ng+%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+t%E1%BA%A1i+Th%C3%A1i+Lan&rft.date=2019-08-25&rft.au=Ho%C3%A0ng+Hoa&rft.au=Ng%E1%BB%8Dc+Quang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdangcongsan.vn%2Flanh-dao-dang-nha-nuoc%2Fchu-tich-quoc-hoi-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-thai-lan-532902.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuân_Nguyên2015" class="citation news cs1">Xuân Nguyên (25 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/vn-street-vendors-in-thailand-11242015074543.html">"Người Việt bán hàng rong ở Thái Lan"</a>. Radio Free Asia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525144049/https://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/vn-street-vendors-in-thailand-11242015074543.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+b%C3%A1n+h%C3%A0ng+rong+%E1%BB%9F+Th%C3%A1i+Lan&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.au=Xu%C3%A2n+Nguy%C3%AAn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fvietnamese%2Fin_depth%2Fvn-street-vendors-in-thailand-11242015074543.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/chu-tich-nuoc-tham-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-lao-881569.vov">"Chủ tịch nước thăm cộng đồng người Việt tại Lào"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a>. 10 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525143517/https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/chu-tich-nuoc-tham-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-lao-881569.vov">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Ch%E1%BB%A7+t%E1%BB%8Bch+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+th%C4%83m+c%E1%BB%99ng+%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+t%E1%BA%A1i+L%C3%A0o&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvov.vn%2Fchinh-tri%2Fchu-tich-nuoc-tham-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-lao-881569.vov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2020" class="citation journal cs1">Barber, Tamsin (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369183X.2020.1724414">"Differentiated embedding among the Vietnamese refugees in London and the UK: fragmentation, complexity, and 'in/visibility'"</a>. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 47 (21). Taylor & Francis: 4835–4852. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369183X.2020.1724414">10.1080/1369183X.2020.1724414</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224863821">224863821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnic+and+Migration+Studies&rft.atitle=Differentiated+embedding+among+the+Vietnamese+refugees+in+London+and+the+UK%3A+fragmentation%2C+complexity%2C+and+%27in%2Fvisibility%27&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=4835-4852&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369183X.2020.1724414&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224863821%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Tamsin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F1369183X.2020.1724414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.vietnamplus.vn/pm-meets-vietnamese-community-in-uk/211668.vnp">"PM meets Vietnamese community in UK"</a>. VietnamPlus. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">Vietnam News Agency</a>. 1 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526152023/https://en.vietnamplus.vn/pm-meets-vietnamese-community-in-uk/211668.vnp">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VietnamPlus&rft.atitle=PM+meets+Vietnamese+community+in+UK&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.vietnamplus.vn%2Fpm-meets-vietnamese-community-in-uk%2F211668.vnp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RM-32"><a href="#cite_ref-RM_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnembassy-london.mofa.gov.vn/en-us/Vietnamese%20Community/Pages/Vietnam-who-after-30-years-in-the-UK.aspx">"Vietnam who after 30 years in the UK"</a>. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+who+after+30+years+in+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnembassy-london.mofa.gov.vn%2Fen-us%2FVietnamese%2520Community%2FPages%2FVietnam-who-after-30-years-in-the-UK.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/hanoi/Informationresources/Publicinformation/newsitems/WCMS_353252/lang--en/index.htm">"Viet Nam, Malaysia's trade unions ink agreement to strengthen protection of migrant workers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>. 16 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526150531/https://www.ilo.org/hanoi/Informationresources/Publicinformation/newsitems/WCMS_353252/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=Viet+Nam%2C+Malaysia%27s+trade+unions+ink+agreement+to+strengthen+protection+of+migrant+workers&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fhanoi%2FInformationresources%2FPublicinformation%2Fnewsitems%2FWCMS_353252%2Flang--en%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economist0427-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economist0427_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economist0427_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/04/27/vietnamese-migrants-are-thriving-in-poland-and-the-czech-republic">"Vietnamese migrants are thriving in Poland and the Czech Republic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 27 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526145445/https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/04/27/vietnamese-migrants-are-thriving-in-poland-and-the-czech-republic">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Vietnamese+migrants+are+thriving+in+Poland+and+the+Czech+Republic&rft.date=2019-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Feurope%2F2019%2F04%2F27%2Fvietnamese-migrants-are-thriving-in-poland-and-the-czech-republic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLý_Hà2019" class="citation news cs1">Lý Hà (11 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cand.com.vn/Phong-su-Tieu-diem/Loi-canh-tinh-cho-nguoi-xuat-khau-lao-dong-i524510/">"Lời cảnh tỉnh cho người xuất khẩu lao động"</a>. Báo Công an Nhân dân. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527071039/https://cand.com.vn/Phong-su-Tieu-diem/Loi-canh-tinh-cho-nguoi-xuat-khau-lao-dong-i524510/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+C%C3%B4ng+an+Nh%C3%A2n+d%C3%A2n&rft.atitle=L%E1%BB%9Di+c%E1%BA%A3nh+t%E1%BB%89nh+cho+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+xu%E1%BA%A5t+kh%E1%BA%A9u+lao+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.au=L%C3%BD+H%C3%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcand.com.vn%2FPhong-su-Tieu-diem%2FLoi-canh-tinh-cho-nguoi-xuat-khau-lao-dong-i524510%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuốc_AnhTrọng_Hoàng2016" class="citation news cs1">Quốc Anh; Trọng Hoàng (12 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vtv.vn/trong-nuoc/phan-lon-lao-dong-viet-nam-tai-angola-hien-nay-la-trai-phep-20160312073911637.htm">"Phần lớn lao động Việt Nam tại Angola hiện nay là trái phép"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Vietnam Television</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527071025/https://vtv.vn/trong-nuoc/phan-lon-lao-dong-viet-nam-tai-angola-hien-nay-la-trai-phep-20160312073911637.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vietnam+Television&rft.atitle=Ph%E1%BA%A7n+l%E1%BB%9Bn+lao+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+t%E1%BA%A1i+Angola+hi%E1%BB%87n+nay+l%C3%A0+tr%C3%A1i+ph%C3%A9p&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft.au=Qu%E1%BB%91c+Anh&rft.au=Tr%E1%BB%8Dng+Ho%C3%A0ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvtv.vn%2Ftrong-nuoc%2Fphan-lon-lao-dong-viet-nam-tai-angola-hien-nay-la-trai-phep-20160312073911637.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHà_Văn2023" class="citation news cs1">Hà Văn (25 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baochinhphu.vn/thu-tuong-tham-dai-su-quan-va-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-trung-quoc-102230625175811839.htm">"Thủ tướng thăm Đại sứ quán và gặp gỡ cộng đồng người Việt Nam tại Trung Quốc"</a>. Báo điện tử Chính phủ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626045217/https://baochinhphu.vn/thu-tuong-tham-dai-su-quan-va-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-trung-quoc-102230625175811839.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD+Ch%C3%ADnh+ph%E1%BB%A7&rft.atitle=Th%E1%BB%A7+t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng+th%C4%83m+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+s%E1%BB%A9+qu%C3%A1n+v%C3%A0+g%E1%BA%B7p+g%E1%BB%A1+c%E1%BB%99ng+%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+t%E1%BA%A1i+Trung+Qu%E1%BB%91c&rft.date=2023-06-25&rft.au=H%C3%A0+V%C4%83n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaochinhphu.vn%2Fthu-tuong-tham-dai-su-quan-va-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-trung-quoc-102230625175811839.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHẳng2023" class="citation news cs1">Hẳng (26 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamnet.vn/thu-tuong-42-000-nguoi-viet-nam-o-trung-quoc-la-cau-noi-huu-nghi-giua-hai-nuoc-2158309.html">"Thủ tướng: 42.000 người Việt Nam ở Trung Quốc là cầu nối hữu nghị giữa hai nước"</a>. Vietnamnet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626045427/https://vietnamnet.vn/thu-tuong-42-000-nguoi-viet-nam-o-trung-quoc-la-cau-noi-huu-nghi-giua-hai-nuoc-2158309.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vietnamnet&rft.atitle=Th%E1%BB%A7+t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng%3A+42.000+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+%E1%BB%9F+Trung+Qu%E1%BB%91c+l%C3%A0+c%E1%BA%A7u+n%E1%BB%91i+h%E1%BB%AFu+ngh%E1%BB%8B+gi%E1%BB%AFa+hai+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc&rft.date=2023-06-26&rft.au=H%E1%BA%B3ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnamnet.vn%2Fthu-tuong-42-000-nguoi-viet-nam-o-trung-quoc-la-cau-noi-huu-nghi-giua-hai-nuoc-2158309.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuỳnh_TrangTạ_Lư2022" class="citation news cs1">Quỳnh Trang; Tạ Lư (7 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnexpress.net/kieu-hoi-ve-viet-nam-nhieu-co-nao-4421073.html">"Kiều hối về Việt Nam nhiều cỡ nào?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VnExpress" title="VnExpress">VnExpress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=Ki%E1%BB%81u+h%E1%BB%91i+v%E1%BB%81+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+nhi%E1%BB%81u+c%E1%BB%A1+n%C3%A0o%3F&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft.au=Qu%E1%BB%B3nh+Trang&rft.au=T%E1%BA%A1+L%C6%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Fkieu-hoi-ve-viet-nam-nhieu-co-nao-4421073.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2021/indexeh.htm">"2–22. Population by ethnic groups and gender"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2%E2%80%9322.+Population+by+ethnic+groups+and+gender&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Fndsj%2F2021%2Findexeh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre">"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistisk+sentralbyr%C3%A5+%28Statistics+Norway%29&rft.atitle=Immigrants+and+Norwegian-born+to+immigrant+parents&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fbefolkning%2Finnvandrere%2Fstatistikk%2Finnvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref-1-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Ref-1_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/37325eng/table?ts=1612264485037">"Population; sex, age, migration background and generation, 1 January"</a>. Statistics Netherlands. 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VietNamNews. 6 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526154853/https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/420703/viet-nam-opens-consulate-office-in-chinas-macau.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. 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Retrieved 6 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%E1%BB%99ng+%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng+Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+%E1%BB%9F+%E1%BA%A2-R%E1%BA%ADp+X%C3%AA-%C3%9At+M%E1%BB%ABng+Xu%C3%A2n+%E1%BA%A4t+M%C3%B9i+%E2%80%93+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnembassy-riyadh.mofa.gov.vn%2Fvi-vn%2FVietnamese%2520Community%2FTrang%2FC%25E1%25BB%2598NG-%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%2592NG-NG%25C6%25AF%25E1%25BB%259CI-VI%25E1%25BB%2586T-NAM-%25E1%25BB%259E-%25E1%25BA%25A2-R%25E1%25BA%25ACP-X%25C3%258A-%25C3%259AT-M%25E1%25BB%25AANG-XU%25C3%2582N-%25E1%25BA%25A4T-M%25C3%2599I---2015.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/forum-50979916">"Người trong cuộc kể lại cuộc sống "như nô lệ" của lao động Việt ở Ả Rập Saudi"</a>. 3 January 2020. 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Retrieved 27 May 2022. <q>The 2021 data published by the Foreigners' Police reveals that 7,235 people from Vietnam have permanent or temporary residence in the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slovak+Spectator&rft.atitle=The+Vietnamese+campaign+for+their+rights%3A+%22We+belong+here%22&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Dlhopolec&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectator.sme.sk%2Fc%2F22852755%2Fthe-vietnamese-campaign-for-their-rights-we-belong-here.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRédli2015" class="citation news cs1">Rédli, Erik (28 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20059086/slovakias-invisible-minority-counters-migration-fears.html">"Slovakia's 'invisible minority' counters migration fears"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slovak+Spectator&rft.atitle=Slovakia%27s+%27invisible+minority%27+counters+migration+fears&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft.aulast=R%C3%A9dli&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectator.sme.sk%2Fc%2F20059086%2Fslovakias-invisible-minority-counters-migration-fears.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1600">"FOLK1C: Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age (5 years age groups), ancestry and country of origin"</a>. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527075910/https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/forum-48346702">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+%E1%BB%9F+B%E1%BB%89+v%C3%A0+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+c%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+ki%E1%BB%83u+m%E1%BB%9Bi%2C+tr%E1%BA%BB+v%C3%A0+hi%E1%BB%87n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.au=Ho%C3%A0ng+H%E1%BA%A3i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fvietnamese%2Fforum-48346702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929112317/https://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/">"StatFin"</a>. Tilastokeskus (Statistics Finland). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/">the original</a> on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tilastokeskus+%28Statistics+Finland%29&rft.atitle=StatFin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpxnet2.stat.fi%2FPXWeb%2Fpxweb%2Ffi%2FStatFin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vietcelebratetet-57"><a href="#cite_ref-vietcelebratetet_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnamese-in-cyprus-laos-celebrate-traditional-new-year/72508.vnp">"Vietnamese in Cyprus, Laos celebrate traditional New Year"</a>. VietnamPlus. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">Vietnam News Agency</a>. 4 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527081653/https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnamese-in-cyprus-laos-celebrate-traditional-new-year/72508.vnp">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VietnamPlus&rft.atitle=Vietnamese+in+Cyprus%2C+Laos+celebrate+traditional+New+Year&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.vietnamplus.vn%2Fvietnamese-in-cyprus-laos-celebrate-traditional-new-year%2F72508.vnp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.nhandan.vn/politics/external-relations/item/3631302-deputy-fm-meets-vietnamese-nationals-in-cyprus.html">"Deputy FM meets Vietnamese nationals in Cyprus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_D%C3%A2n" title="Nhân Dân">Nhân Dân</a>. 18 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527081806/https://en.nhandan.vn/politics/external-relations/item/3631302-deputy-fm-meets-vietnamese-nationals-in-cyprus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nh%C3%A2n+D%C3%A2n&rft.atitle=Deputy+FM+meets+Vietnamese+nationals+in+Cyprus&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.nhandan.vn%2Fpolitics%2Fexternal-relations%2Fitem%2F3631302-deputy-fm-meets-vietnamese-nationals-in-cyprus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-ethnic-groups-dataset">"2018 Census ethnic groups dataset | Stats NZ"</a>. www.stats.govt.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=2018+Census+ethnic+groups+dataset+%26%23124%3B+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2F2018-census-ethnic-groups-dataset&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamnews.vn/society/716142/vietnamese-community-in-switzerland-support-fight-against-coronavirus.html">"Vietnamese community in Switzerland support fight against coronavirus"</a>. VietNamNews. 4 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527082047/https://vietnamnews.vn/society/716142/vietnamese-community-in-switzerland-support-fight-against-coronavirus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VietNamNews&rft.atitle=Vietnamese+community+in+Switzerland+support+fight+against+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnamnews.vn%2Fsociety%2F716142%2Fvietnamese-community-in-switzerland-support-fight-against-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KSH-61"><a href="#cite_ref-KSH_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVukovich2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vukovich, Gabriella (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf">Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok</a> [2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data] (PDF) (in Hungarian). Budapest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-235-542-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-235-542-9"><bdi>978-963-235-542-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mikrocenzus+2016+%E2%80%93+12.+Nemzetis%C3%A9gi+adatok&rft.place=Budapest&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-963-235-542-9&rft.aulast=Vukovich&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksh.hu%2Fdocs%2Fhun%2Fxftp%2Fidoszaki%2Fmikrocenzus2016%2Fmikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://special.nhandan.vn/hanh-trinh-tro-ve-cua-nguoi-viet-o-ukraine/index.html">"Hành trình trở về của người Việt tại Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_D%C3%A2n" title="Nhân Dân">Nhân Dân</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527072654/https://special.nhandan.vn/hanh-trinh-tro-ve-cua-nguoi-viet-o-ukraine/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nh%C3%A2n+D%C3%A2n&rft.atitle=H%C3%A0nh+tr%C3%ACnh+tr%E1%BB%9F+v%E1%BB%81+c%E1%BB%A7a+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+t%E1%BA%A1i+Ukraine&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspecial.nhandan.vn%2Fhanh-trinh-tro-ve-cua-nguoi-viet-o-ukraine%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._Chi2022" class="citation news cs1">H. Chi (3 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cand.com.vn/su-kien-binh-luan-thoi-su/no-luc-toi-da-bao-ho-cong-dan-viet-nam-o-ukraine-i645856/">"Nỗ lực tối đa bảo hộ công dân Việt Nam ở Ukraine"</a>. Báo Công an Nhân dân. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527072857/https://cand.com.vn/su-kien-binh-luan-thoi-su/no-luc-toi-da-bao-ho-cong-dan-viet-nam-o-ukraine-i645856/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+C%C3%B4ng+an+Nh%C3%A2n+d%C3%A2n&rft.atitle=N%E1%BB%97+l%E1%BB%B1c+t%E1%BB%91i+%C4%91a+b%E1%BA%A3o+h%E1%BB%99+c%C3%B4ng+d%C3%A2n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+%E1%BB%9F+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.au=H.+Chi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcand.com.vn%2Fsu-kien-binh-luan-thoi-su%2Fno-luc-toi-da-bao-ho-cong-dan-viet-nam-o-ukraine-i645856%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhánh_Lan2022" class="citation news cs1">Khánh Lan (25 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dangcongsan.vn/doi-ngoai/thuc-day-quan-he-hop-tac-tren-nhieu-mat-giua-viet-nam-va-ailen-610789.html">"Thúc đẩy quan hệ hợp tác trên nhiều mặt giữa Việt Nam và Ailen"</a>. Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526152519/https://dangcongsan.vn/doi-ngoai/thuc-day-quan-he-hop-tac-tren-nhieu-mat-giua-viet-nam-va-ailen-610789.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n&rft.atitle=Th%C3%BAc+%C4%91%E1%BA%A9y+quan+h%E1%BB%87+h%E1%BB%A3p+t%C3%A1c+tr%C3%AAn+nhi%E1%BB%81u+m%E1%BA%B7t+gi%E1%BB%AFa+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+v%C3%A0+Ailen&rft.date=2022-05-25&rft.au=Kh%C3%A1nh+Lan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdangcongsan.vn%2Fdoi-ngoai%2Fthuc-day-quan-he-hop-tac-tren-nhieu-mat-giua-viet-nam-va-ailen-610789.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThu_TrangCẩm_Lai2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thu Trang; Cẩm Lai (27 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vovworld.vn/vi-VN/nguoi-viet-muon-phuong/nguoi-viet-tai-tam-dich-cua-italia-840383.vov">"Người Việt tại tâm dịch của Italia"</a> (in Vietnamese). <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527082302/https://vovworld.vn/vi-VN/nguoi-viet-muon-phuong/nguoi-viet-tai-tam-dich-cua-italia-840383.vov">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+t%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%A2m+d%E1%BB%8Bch+c%E1%BB%A7a+Italia&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.au=Thu+Trang&rft.au=C%E1%BA%A9m+Lai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvovworld.vn%2Fvi-VN%2Fnguoi-viet-muon-phuong%2Fnguoi-viet-tai-tam-dich-cua-italia-840383.vov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hanoimoi.com.vn/tin-tuc/Nguoi-viet/959156/truyen-ngon-lua-van-hoa-cho-the-he-tre-nguoi-viet-tai-ao">"Truyền "ngọn lửa" văn hóa cho thế hệ trẻ người Việt tại Áo"</a> (in Vietnamese). 23 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Truy%E1%BB%81n+%22ng%E1%BB%8Dn+l%E1%BB%ADa%22+v%C4%83n+h%C3%B3a+cho+th%E1%BA%BF+h%E1%BB%87+tr%E1%BA%BB+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+t%E1%BA%A1i+%C3%81o&rft.date=2020-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhanoimoi.com.vn%2Ftin-tuc%2FNguoi-viet%2F959156%2Ftruyen-ngon-lua-van-hoa-cho-the-he-tre-nguoi-viet-tai-ao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhương_LinhHoàng_Vũ2018" class="citation news cs1">Phương Linh; Hoàng Vũ (13 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qdnd.vn/chinh-tri/tin-tuc/cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-ao-luon-huong-ve-to-quoc-546759">"Cộng đồng người Việt tại Áo luôn hướng về Tổ quốc"</a>. Báo Quân đội Nhân dân. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526152810/https://www.qdnd.vn/chinh-tri/tin-tuc/cong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-ao-luon-huong-ve-to-quoc-546759">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+Qu%C3%A2n+%C4%91%E1%BB%99i+Nh%C3%A2n+d%C3%A2n&rft.atitle=C%E1%BB%99ng+%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+t%E1%BA%A1i+%C3%81o+lu%C3%B4n+h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng+v%E1%BB%81+T%E1%BB%95+qu%E1%BB%91c&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft.au=Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+Linh&rft.au=Ho%C3%A0ng+V%C5%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qdnd.vn%2Fchinh-tri%2Ftin-tuc%2Fcong-dong-nguoi-viet-tai-ao-luon-huong-ve-to-quoc-546759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digi24.ro/amphtml/stiri/economie/companii/video-conditii-inumane-pentru-muncitorii-vietnamezi-din-romania-1101543">"Condiții inumane pentru muncitorii vietnamezi din România"</a>. Digi24 (in Romanian). 21 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527082457/https://www.digi24.ro/amphtml/stiri/economie/companii/video-conditii-inumane-pentru-muncitorii-vietnamezi-din-romania-1101543">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digi24&rft.atitle=Condi%C8%9Bii+inumane+pentru+muncitorii+vietnamezi+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digi24.ro%2Famphtml%2Fstiri%2Feconomie%2Fcompanii%2Fvideo-conditii-inumane-pentru-muncitorii-vietnamezi-din-romania-1101543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuoitre.vn/lay-quoc-tich-chau-au-thong-qua-con-duong-bulgaria-20190312164802233.htm">"Lấy quốc tịch Châu Âu thông qua con đường Bulgaria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_Tr%E1%BA%BB" title="Tuổi Trẻ">Tuổi Trẻ</a>. 13 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527082733/https://tuoitre.vn/lay-quoc-tich-chau-au-thong-qua-con-duong-bulgaria-20190312164802233.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tu%E1%BB%95i+Tr%E1%BA%BB&rft.atitle=L%E1%BA%A5y+qu%E1%BB%91c+t%E1%BB%8Bch+Ch%C3%A2u+%C3%82u+th%C3%B4ng+qua+con+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+Bulgaria&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftuoitre.vn%2Flay-quoc-tich-chau-au-thong-qua-con-duong-bulgaria-20190312164802233.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape.aspx">The Global Religious Landscape 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vovworld.vn/en-US/content/ODc0Mjk=.vov">"Viet people – the majority ethnic group of Vietnam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">VOV</a>World. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a>. 1 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOVWorld&rft.atitle=Viet+people+%E2%80%93+the+majority+ethnic+group+of+Vietnam&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvovworld.vn%2Fen-US%2Fcontent%2FODc0Mjk%3D.vov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201033-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchman201033_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchman2010">Churchman 2010</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-Norman&Mei-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norman&Mei_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norman&Mei_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norman&Mei_73-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNormanMei1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Norman_(sinologist)" title="Jerry Norman (sinologist)">Norman, Jerry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mei_Tsu-lin" title="Mei Tsu-lin">Mei, Tsu-lin</a> (1976). "The Austroasiatics in Ancient South China: Some Lexical Evidence". Monumenta Serica. 32: 274–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02549948.1976.11731121">10.1080/02549948.1976.11731121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monumenta+Serica&rft.atitle=The+Austroasiatics+in+Ancient+South+China%3A+Some+Lexical+Evidence&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=274-301&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02549948.1976.11731121&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.au=Mei%2C+Tsu-lin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meacham-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meacham_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meacham_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meacham_74-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meacham_74-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeacham1996" class="citation journal cs1">Meacham, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228202613/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/405/394">"Defining the Hundred Yue"</a>. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. 15: 93–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7152%2Fbippa.v15i0.11537">10.7152/bippa.v15i0.11537</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/405/394">the original</a> on 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Indo-Pacific+Prehistory+Association&rft.atitle=Defining+the+Hundred+Yue&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=93-100&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7152%2Fbippa.v15i0.11537&rft.aulast=Meacham&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.anu.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fbippa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F405%2F394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Theobald-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Theobald_75-0">^</a> Theobald, Ulrich (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-event.html">"Shang Dynasty – Political History"</a> in ChinaKnowledge.de – An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art. quote: "Enemies of the Shang state were called fang 方 "regions", like the Tufang 土方, which roamed the northern region of Shanxi, the <a href="/wiki/Guifang" title="Guifang">Guifang 鬼方</a> and Gongfang 𢀛方 in the northwest, the <a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiangfang 羌方</a>, Suifang 繐方, Yuefang 戉方, Xuanfang 亘方 and <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhoufang 周方</a> in the west, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Yifang 夷方</a> and Renfang 人方 in the southeast." </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> The Annals of Lü Buwei, translated by John Knoblock and Jeffrey Riegel, Stanford University Press (2000), p. 510. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3354-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3354-0">978-0-8047-3354-0</a>. "For the most part, there are no rulers to the south of the Yang and Han Rivers, in the confederation of the Hundred Yue tribes." </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Lüshi Chunqiu "Examination on Relying on Rulers" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu/shi-jun">"Relying on Rulers"</a> text: "揚、漢之南，百越之際，敝凱諸、夫風、餘靡之地，縛婁、陽禺、驩兜之國，多無君" translation: South of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Hubei)" class="mw-redirect" title="Han River (Hubei)">Han</a> rivers, among the Hundred Yuè, the lands of Bikaizhu, Fufeng, Yumi, the nations of Fulou, Yang'ou, Huandou, most had no rulers" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberman2003405-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieberman2003405_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieberman2003405_78-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLieberman2003">Lieberman 2003</a>, p. 405. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhan2010" class="citation journal cs1">Phan, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307035705/http://chl-old.anu.edu.au/publications/csds/csds2010/03-1_Phan_2010.pdf">"Re-Imagining "Annam": A New Analysis of Sino–Viet–Muong Linguistic Contact"</a> (PDF). Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chl-old.anu.edu.au/publications/csds/csds2010/03-1_Phan_2010.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Southern+Diaspora+Studies&rft.atitle=Re-Imagining+%22Annam%22%3A+A+New+Analysis+of+Sino%E2%80%93Viet%E2%80%93Muong+Linguistic+Contact&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Phan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchl-old.anu.edu.au%2Fpublications%2Fcsds%2Fcsds2010%2F03-1_Phan_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20135-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor20135_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2013">Taylor 2013</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hNoWDgAAQBAJ&dq=annamese+middle+chinese&pg=PT174">Viet Nam: A History from Earliest Times to the Present</a>. 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Science. 361 (6397). 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Retrieved 4 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Language+Relationship&rft.atitle=Some+thoughts+on+the+problem+of+the+Austro-Asiatic+homeland&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Peiros&rft.aufirst=Ilia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jolr.ru%2Ffiles%2F%2868%29jlr2011-6%28101-114%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChamberlain200040-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChamberlain200040_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChamberlain2000">Chamberlain 2000</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchliesinger2018a21,_97-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchliesinger2018a21,_97_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchliesinger2018a">Schliesinger (2018a)</a>, pp. 21, 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchliesinger2018b3–4,_22,_50,_54-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchliesinger2018b3–4,_22,_50,_54_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchliesinger2018b">Schliesinger (2018b)</a>, pp. 3–4, 22, 50, 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201946–47-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201946–47_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, pp. 46–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201036-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchman201036_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchman2010">Churchman (2010)</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201027–29,_31,_32,_33-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchman201027–29,_31,_32,_33_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchman2010">Churchman (2010)</a>, pp. 27–29, 31, 32, 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman201025-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchman201025_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchman2010">Churchman (2010)</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201952-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201952_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelley2016165–167-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelley2016165–167_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelley2016">Kelley 2016</a>, pp. 165–167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelley2016175-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelley2016175_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelley2016">Kelley 2016</a>, p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201941–42-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201941–42_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, pp. 41–42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201942-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201942_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelleyHong2021" class="citation cs2">Kelley, Liam C.; Hong, Hai Dinh (2021), "Competing Imagined Ancestries: The Lạc Việt, the Vietnamese, and the Zhuang", in Gillen, Jamie; Kelley, Liam C.; Le, Ha Pahn (eds.), Vietnam at the Vanguard: New Perspectives Across Time, Space, and Community, Springer Singapore, pp. 88–107, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-81165-055-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-81165-055-0"><bdi>978-9-81165-055-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Competing+Imagined+Ancestries%3A+The+L%E1%BA%A1c+Vi%E1%BB%87t%2C+the+Vietnamese%2C+and+the+Zhuang&rft.btitle=Vietnam+at+the+Vanguard%3A+New+Perspectives+Across+Time%2C+Space%2C+and+Community&rft.pages=88-107&rft.pub=Springer+Singapore&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-9-81165-055-0&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Liam+C.&rft.au=Hong%2C+Hai+Dinh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201953-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201953_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201953_106-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201956-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201956_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafer196714-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchafer196714_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchafer1967">Schafer 1967</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelley2016167–168-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelley2016167–168_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelley2016">Kelley 2016</a>, pp. 167–168. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201975-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201975_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaspero191210-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaspero191210_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaspero191210_112-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaspero1912">Maspero 1912</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201943-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201943_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafer196763-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchafer196763_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchafer1967">Schafer 1967</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1983248-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1983248_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1983">Taylor 1983</a>, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019127,_131_[Quote_(p.131):_From_the_tenth_century,_Vietnamese_history_comes_into_its_own._After_millennia_of_undocumented_prehistory_and_a_thousand_years_of_imperial_rule_documented_only_in_Chinese,_new_indigenous_historical_sources_throw_increasing_light_on_political,_economic,_and_cultural_developments_in_the_territory_that_had_comprised_the_Protectorate_of_Annam._How_new_were_these_developments?_A_tenth-century_ruler_revived_for_a_second_time_the_ancient_name_of_the_kingdom_of_Nán_Yuè_in_its_Vietnamese_form,_Nam_Việt._But_this_new_kingdom_would_then_adopt_a_new_name,_Đại_Việt_(Great_Việt),_and_unlike_its_classical_Yuè_predecessors_and_short-lived_tenth-century_counterparts_in_south_China,_it_successfully_resisted_reintegration_into_the_empire._The_new_autonomous_Việt_realm_inherited_both_the_Sino-Vietnamese_hereditary_aristocracy_and_the_provincial_geography_of_Tang_Annam._From_north_to_south,_it_was_a_diverse_region_of_five_provinces_and_border_marches._Restive_ethnic_Tai_and_ot"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019127,_131_[Quote_(p.131):_From_the_tenth_century,_Vietnamese_history_comes_into_its_own._After_millennia_of_undocumented_prehistory_and_a_thousand_years_of_imperial_rule_documented_only_in_Chinese,_new_indigenous_historical_sources_throw_increasing_light_on_political,_economic,_and_cultural_developments_in_the_territory_that_had_comprised_the_Protectorate_of_Annam._How_new_were_these_developments?_A_tenth-century_ruler_revived_for_a_second_time_the_ancient_name_of_the_kingdom_of_Nán_Yuè_in_its_Vietnamese_form,_Nam_Việt._But_this_new_kingdom_would_then_adopt_a_new_name,_Đại_Việt_(Great_Việt),_and_unlike_its_classical_Yuè_predecessors_and_short-lived_tenth-century_counterparts_in_south_China,_it_successfully_resisted_reintegration_into_the_empire._The_new_autonomous_Việt_realm_inherited_both_the_Sino-Vietnamese_hereditary_aristocracy_and_the_provincial_geography_of_Tang_Annam._From_north_to_south,_it_was_a_diverse_region_of_five_provinces_and_border_marches._Restive_ethnic_Tai_and_oth">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, pp. 127, 131 [Quote (p.131): From the tenth century, Vietnamese history comes into its own. After millennia of undocumented prehistory and a thousand years of imperial rule documented only in Chinese, new indigenous historical sources throw increasing light on political, economic, and cultural developments in the territory that had comprised the Protectorate of Annam. How new were these developments? A tenth-century ruler revived for a second time the ancient name of the kingdom of Nán Yuè in its Vietnamese form, Nam Việt. But this new kingdom would then adopt a new name, Đại Việt (Great Việt), and unlike its classical Yuè predecessors and short-lived tenth-century counterparts in south China, it successfully resisted reintegration into the empire. The new autonomous Việt realm inherited both the Sino-Vietnamese hereditary aristocracy and the provincial geography of Tang Annam. From north to south, it was a diverse region of five provinces and border marches. Restive ethnic Tai and other upland groups, formerly allied to the defunct Nanzhao kingdom, straddled the mountainous northern frontier. Lowland Jiao province in the central plain of the Red and Bạch Đằng rivers was the most Sinicized region, home to most of the northern settlers and traders and an influential Sino-Vietnamese Buddhist community, as well as Vietic-speaking rice farmers. 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(2004). Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History. 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Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời: nghiên cứu địa lý học lịch sử Việt Nam (in Vietnamese). Nha Nam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-94-8700-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-94-8700-2"><bdi>978-604-94-8700-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+qua+c%C3%A1c+%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di%3A+nghi%C3%AAn+c%E1%BB%A9u+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba+l%C3%BD+h%E1%BB%8Dc+l%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.pub=Nha+Nam&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-604-94-8700-2&rft.au=%C4%90%C3%A0o+Duy+Anh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennellPorr2014" class="citation book cs1">Dennell, Robin; Porr, Martin (2014). Southern Asia, Australia, and the Search for Human Origins. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-72913-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-72913-1"><bdi>978-1-107-72913-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Asia%2C+Australia%2C+and+the+Search+for+Human+Origins&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-72913-1&rft.aulast=Dennell&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Porr%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_DijkGraySavranskayaSuri2013" class="citation book cs1">van Dijk, Ruud; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremi; et al. 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Surviving Vietnam: Psychological Consequences of the War for US Veterans. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-090444-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-090444-9"><bdi>978-0-19-090444-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surviving+Vietnam%3A+Psychological+Consequences+of+the+War+for+US+Veterans&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-090444-9&rft.aulast=Dohrenwend&rft.aufirst=Bruce+P.&rft.au=Turse%2C+Nick&rft.au=Wall%2C+Melanie+M.&rft.au=Yager%2C+Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuy_HinhDinh_Tho2015" class="citation book cs1">Duy Hinh, Nguyen; Dinh Tho, Tran (2015). 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Barrie & Jenkins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Expansion+of+the+Chinese+People&rft.pub=Barrie+%26+Jenkins&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=C.+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankum2011" class="citation book cs1">Frankum, Ronald B. Jr. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the War in Vietnam. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7956-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7956-0"><bdi>978-0-8108-7956-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+War+in+Vietnam&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7956-0&rft.aulast=Frankum&rft.aufirst=Ronald+B.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGettlemanFranklinYoungFranklin1995" class="citation book cs1">Gettleman, Marvin E.; Franklin, Jane; Young, Marilyn B.; Franklin, H. Bruce (1995). Vietnam and America: A Documented History. <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3362-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3362-5"><bdi>978-0-8021-3362-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+and+America%3A+A+Documented+History&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3362-5&rft.aulast=Gettleman&rft.aufirst=Marvin+E.&rft.au=Franklin%2C+Jane&rft.au=Young%2C+Marilyn+B.&rft.au=Franklin%2C+H.+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2014" class="citation book cs1">Gibbons, William Conrad (2014). The U.S. Government and the Vietnam War: Executive and Legislative Roles and Relationships, Part III: 1965–1966. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6153-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6153-8"><bdi>978-1-4008-6153-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Government+and+the+Vietnam+War%3A+Executive+and+Legislative+Roles+and+Relationships%2C+Part+III%3A+1965%E2%80%931966&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6153-8&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=William+Conrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2013" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Adrian (2013). 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Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese Relations, 1637–1700. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15601-2"><bdi>978-90-04-15601-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silk+for+Silver%3A+Dutch-Vietnamese+Relations%2C+1637%E2%80%931700&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15601-2&rft.aulast=Ho%C3%A0ng&rft.aufirst=Anh+Tu%E1%BA%A5n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmgren1980" class="citation book cs1">Holmgren, Jennifer (1980). Chinese Colonization of Northern Vietnam: Administrative Geography and Political Development in the Tonking Delta, First To Sixth Centuries A.D. Australian National University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Colonization+of+Northern+Vietnam%3A+Administrative+Geography+and+Political+Development+in+the+Tonking+Delta%2C+First+To+Sixth+Centuries+A.D.&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Holmgren&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHong_LienSharrock2014" class="citation book cs1">Hong Lien, Vu; Sharrock, Peter (2014). 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Post-Conflict Development in East Asia. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-07740-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-07740-4"><bdi>978-1-317-07740-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Conflict+Development+in+East+Asia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-07740-4&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Brendan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyunh1986" class="citation book cs1">Hyunh, Kim Khanh (1986). Vietnamese Communism, 1925–1945. 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Economic Growth and Employment in Vietnam. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-81859-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-81859-5"><bdi>978-1-317-81859-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Growth+and+Employment+in+Vietnam&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-81859-5&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockard2010" class="citation book cs1">Lockard, Craig A. (2010). Societies, Networks, and Transitions, Volume 2: Since 1450. <a href="/wiki/Cengage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage">Cengage</a> Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4390-8536-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4390-8536-3"><bdi>978-1-4390-8536-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Societies%2C+Networks%2C+and+Transitions%2C+Volume+2%3A+Since+1450&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4390-8536-3&rft.aulast=Lockard&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2016" class="citation cs2">Marsh, Sean (2016), "CLOTHES MAKE THE MAN: Body Culture and Ethnic Boundaries on the Lingnan Frontier in the Southern Song", in Mair, Victor H.; Kelley, Liam C. 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The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93562-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93562-7"><bdi>978-0-275-93562-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vietnamese+Response+to+French+Intervention%2C+1862%E2%80%931874&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-275-93562-7&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeggle2004" class="citation book cs1">Meggle, Georg (2004). 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Ancient Southeast Asia. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27903-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27903-7"><bdi>978-1-317-27903-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27903-7&rft.aulast=Miksic&rft.aufirst=John+Norman&rft.au=Yian%2C+Go+Geok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1990" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Robert Hopkins (1990). United States and Vietnam 1787–1941. DIANE Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7881-0810-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7881-0810-5"><bdi>978-0-7881-0810-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+and+Vietnam+1787%E2%80%931941&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7881-0810-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Robert+Hopkins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoïse2017" class="citation book cs1">Moïse, Edwin E. (2017). Land Reform in China and North Vietnam: Consolidating the Revolution at the Village Level. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-7445-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-7445-5"><bdi>978-0-8078-7445-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+Reform+in+China+and+North+Vietnam%3A+Consolidating+the+Revolution+at+the+Village+Level&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-7445-5&rft.aulast=Mo%C3%AFse&rft.aufirst=Edwin+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuehlenbeckMuehlenbeck2012" class="citation book cs1">Muehlenbeck, Philip Emil; Muehlenbeck, Philip (2012). Religion and the Cold War: A Global Perspective. <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University_Press" title="Vanderbilt University Press">Vanderbilt University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8265-1852-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8265-1852-1"><bdi>978-0-8265-1852-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+Cold+War%3A+A+Global+Perspective&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8265-1852-1&rft.aulast=Muehlenbeck&rft.aufirst=Philip+Emil&rft.au=Muehlenbeck%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphey1997" class="citation book cs1">Murphey, Rhoads (1997). East Asia: A New History. Pearson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0205695225" title="Special:BookSources/978-0205695225"><bdi>978-0205695225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Asia%3A+A+New+History&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0205695225&rft.aulast=Murphey&rft.aufirst=Rhoads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1997" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Geoffrey (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamdawnofnew00murr">Vietnam Dawn of a New Market</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-17392-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-17392-0"><bdi>978-0-312-17392-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Dawn+of+a+New+Market&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-17392-0&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvietnamdawnofnew00murr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2007" class="citation book cs1">Neville, Peter (2007). Britain in Vietnam: Prelude to Disaster, 1945–46. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-24476-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-24476-8"><bdi>978-1-134-24476-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+in+Vietnam%3A+Prelude+to+Disaster%2C+1945%E2%80%9346&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-24476-8&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2007" class="citation book cs1">Olsen, Mari (2007). Soviet-Vietnam Relations and the Role of China 1949–64: Changing Alliances. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-17413-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-17413-3"><bdi>978-1-134-17413-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet-Vietnam+Relations+and+the+Role+of+China+1949%E2%80%9364%3A+Changing+Alliances&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-17413-3&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2012" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Gregory A. (2012). Mansfield and Vietnam: A Study in Rhetorical Adaptation. <a href="/wiki/MSU_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="MSU Press">MSU Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87013-941-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87013-941-3"><bdi>978-0-87013-941-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mansfield+and+Vietnam%3A+A+Study+in+Rhetorical+Adaptation&rft.pub=MSU+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-87013-941-3&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Gregory+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi2004" class="citation book cs1">Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-770-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-770-2&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoiAnh_Tuan2015" class="citation book cs1">Ooi, Keat Gin; Anh Tuan, Hoang (2015). Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1350–1800. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-55919-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-55919-1"><bdi>978-1-317-55919-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+Southeast+Asia%2C+1350%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-55919-1&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft.au=Anh+Tuan%2C+Hoang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxenhamBuckley2015" class="citation book cs1">Oxenham, Marc; Buckley, Hallie (2015). The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-53401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-53401-3"><bdi>978-1-317-53401-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Bioarchaeology+in+Southeast+Asia+and+the+Pacific+Islands&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-53401-3&rft.aulast=Oxenham&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Buckley%2C+Hallie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxenhamTayles2006" class="citation book cs1">Oxenham, Marc; Tayles, Nancy (2006). 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AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1477265161" title="Special:BookSources/978-1477265161"><bdi>978-1477265161</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Asia%3A+A+New+History&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1477265161&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Dyson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillbanks2013" class="citation book cs1">Willbanks, James H. (2013). Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62636-528-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62636-528-5"><bdi>978-1-62636-528-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+War+Almanac%3A+An+In-Depth+Guide+to+the+Most+Controversial+Conflict+in+American+History&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62636-528-5&rft.aulast=Willbanks&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2002" class="citation book cs1">Woods, L. Shelton (2002). Vietnam: a global studies handbook. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-416-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-416-9"><bdi>978-1-57607-416-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+a+global+studies+handbook&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-416-9&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=L.+Shelton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYü1986" class="citation cs2">Yü, Ying-shih (1986), "Han foreign relations", in Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (eds.), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 377–463</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Han+foreign+relations&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+1%2C+The+Ch%27in+and+Han+Empires%2C+221+BC-AD+220&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=377-463&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Y%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Ying-shih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles_and_theses">Journal articles and theses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrozier1955" class="citation journal cs1">Crozier, Brian (1955). "The Diem Regime in Southern Vietnam". Far Eastern Survey. 24 (4): 49–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3023970">10.2307/3023970</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3023970">3023970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Far+Eastern+Survey&rft.atitle=The+Diem+Regime+in+Southern+Vietnam&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=49-56&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3023970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3023970%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Crozier&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallup2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gallup, John Luke (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/2896.html">"The wage labor market and inequality in Viet Nam in the 1990s"</a>. Policy Research Working Paper Series, World Bank. Policy Research Working Papers. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1596%2F1813-9450-2896">10.1596/1813-9450-2896</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10986%2F19272">10986/19272</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18598221">18598221</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Research_Papers_in_Economics" title="Research Papers in Economics">Research Papers in Economics</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Research+Working+Paper+Series%2C+World+Bank&rft.atitle=The+wage+labor+market+and+inequality+in+Viet+Nam+in+the+1990s&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10986%2F19272&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A18598221%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1596%2F1813-9450-2896&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=John+Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fideas.repec.org%2Fp%2Fwbk%2Fwbrwps%2F2896.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGittinger1959" class="citation journal cs1">Gittinger, J. Price (1959). "Communist Land Policy in North Viet Nam". Far Eastern Survey. 28 (8): 113–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3024603">10.2307/3024603</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3024603">3024603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Far+Eastern+Survey&rft.atitle=Communist+Land+Policy+in+North+Viet+Nam&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=113-126&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3024603&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3024603%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gittinger&rft.aufirst=J.+Price&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodkind1995" class="citation journal cs1">Goodkind, Daniel (1995). "Rising Gender Inequality in Vietnam Since Reunification". Pacific Affairs. 68 (3): 342–359. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2761129">10.2307/2761129</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2761129">2761129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=Rising+Gender+Inequality+in+Vietnam+Since+Reunification&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=342-359&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2761129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2761129%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Goodkind&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschmanPrestonVu1995" class="citation journal cs1">Hirschman, Charles; Preston, Samuel; Vu, Manh Loi (1995). "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate". Population and Development Review. 21 (4): 783–812. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2137774">10.2307/2137774</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2137774">2137774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+and+Development+Review&rft.atitle=Vietnamese+Casualties+During+the+American+War%3A+A+New+Estimate&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=783-812&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2137774&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2137774%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hirschman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Preston%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Vu%2C+Manh+Loi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaspero1912" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Maspero" title="Henri Maspero">Maspero, Henri</a> (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1912_num_12_1_2713">"Études sur la phonétique historique de la langue annamite"</a> [Studies on the phonetic history of the Annamite language]. Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French). 12 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbefeo.1912.2713">10.3406/befeo.1912.2713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+l%27%C3%89cole+fran%C3%A7aise+d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient&rft.atitle=%C3%89tudes+sur+la+phon%C3%A9tique+historique+de+la+langue+annamite&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbefeo.1912.2713&rft.aulast=Maspero&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fbefeo_0336-1519_1912_num_12_1_2713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsumuraNguyenNguyenAnezaki2001" class="citation journal cs1">Matsumura, Hirofumi; Nguyen, Lan Cuong; Nguyen, Kim Thuy; Anezaki, Tomoko (2001). "Dental Morphology of the Early Hoabinian, the Neolithic Da But and the Metal Age Dong Son Civilized Peoples in Vietnam". Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie. 83 (1): 59–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1127%2Fzma%2F83%2F2001%2F59">10.1127/zma/83/2001/59</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25757578">25757578</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11372468">11372468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Morphologie+und+Anthropologie&rft.atitle=Dental+Morphology+of+the+Early+Hoabinian%2C+the+Neolithic+Da+But+and+the+Metal+Age+Dong+Son+Civilized+Peoples+in+Vietnam&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59-73&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11372468&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25757578%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1127%2Fzma%2F83%2F2001%2F59&rft.aulast=Matsumura&rft.aufirst=Hirofumi&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Lan+Cuong&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Kim+Thuy&rft.au=Anezaki%2C+Tomoko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsumuraYonedaYukioOxenham2008" class="citation journal cs1">Matsumura, Hirofumi; Yoneda, Minoru; Yukio, Dodo; Oxenham, Marc; et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.070416">"Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam: implications for the biological affinities of Hoabinhian people"</a>. Anthropological Science. 116 (3): 201–217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.070416">10.1537/ase.070416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Science&rft.atitle=Terminal+Pleistocene+human+skeleton+from+Hang+Cho+Cave%2C+northern+Vietnam%3A+implications+for+the+biological+affinities+of+Hoabinhian+people&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=201-217&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1537%2Fase.070416&rft.aulast=Matsumura&rft.aufirst=Hirofumi&rft.au=Yoneda%2C+Minoru&rft.au=Yukio%2C+Dodo&rft.au=Oxenham%2C+Marc&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Lan+Cuong&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Kim+Thuy&rft.au=Lam%2C+My+Dung&rft.au=Vu%2C+The+Long&rft.au=Yamagata%2C+Mariko&rft.au=Sawada%2C+Junmei&rft.au=Shinoda%2C+Kenichi&rft.au=Takigawa%2C+Wataru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1537%252Fase.070416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgo2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Ngo, Lan A. (2016). Nguyễn–Catholic History (1770s–1890s) and the Gestation of Vietnamese Catholic National Identity (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Georgetown University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10822%2F1040724">10822/1040724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n%E2%80%93Catholic+History+%281770s%E2%80%931890s%29+and+the+Gestation+of+Vietnamese+Catholic+National+Identity&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Georgetown+University+Graduate+School+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10822%2F1040724&rft.aulast=Ngo&rft.aufirst=Lan+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNhu_Nguyen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Nhu Nguyen, Quynh Thi (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181015045249/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1121509.pdf">"The Vietnamese Values System: A Blend of Oriental, Western and Socialist Values"</a> (PDF). International Education Studies. 9 (12). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1121509.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 October 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education_Sciences" title="Institute of Education Sciences">Institute of Education Sciences</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Education+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Vietnamese+Values+System%3A+A+Blend+of+Oriental%2C+Western+and+Socialist+Values&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Nhu+Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Quynh+Thi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FEJ1121509.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObermeyerMurrayGakidou2008" class="citation journal cs1">Obermeyer, Ziad; Murray, Christopher J L; Gakidou, Emmanuela (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440905">"Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme [Table 3]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="BMJ">BMJ</a>. 336 (7659): 1482–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.a137">10.1136/bmj.a137</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440905">2440905</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566045">18566045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+of+violent+war+deaths+from+Vietnam+to+Bosnia%3A+analysis+of+data+from+the+world+health+survey+programme+%5BTable+3%5D&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=7659&rft.pages=1482-6&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2440905%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18566045&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.a137&rft.aulast=Obermeyer&rft.aufirst=Ziad&rft.au=Murray%2C+Christopher+J+L&rft.au=Gakidou%2C+Emmanuela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2440905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdellCastillo2008" class="citation journal cs1">Odell, Andrew L.; Castillo, Marlene F. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012072232/https://www.duanemorris.com/articles/static/odell_inpr_aut08.pdf">"Vietnam in a Nutshell: An Historical, Political and Commercial Overview"</a> (PDF). NYBSA International Law Practicum. 21 (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duanemorris.com/articles/static/odell_inpr_aut08.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 October 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Duane_Morris" title="Duane Morris">Duane Morris</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NYBSA+International+Law+Practicum&rft.atitle=Vietnam+in+a+Nutshell%3A+An+Historical%2C+Political+and+Commercial+Overview&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Odell&rft.aufirst=Andrew+L.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Marlene+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duanemorris.com%2Farticles%2Fstatic%2Fodell_inpr_aut08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTâm1991" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tâm, Quach Langlet (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1991_num_78_1_1802">"Charles Fourniau : Annam-Tonkin 1885–1896. 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Retrieved 13 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vo+An+Ninh&rft.atitle=Horrific+photos+recall+Vietnamese+Famine+of+1945&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Thanh+Ni%C3%AAn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thanhniennews.com%2Farts-culture%2Fhorrific-photos-recall-vietnamese-famine-of-1945-37591.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietnam_Net2015" class="citation web cs1">Vietnam Net (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125854/https://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/138833/rare-photos-of-vietnam-s-famine-in-1945.html">"Rare photos of Vietnam's famine in 1945"</a>. Vo An Ninh. Vietnam Net. 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Retrieved 13 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vo+An+Ninh&rft.atitle=Rare+photos+of+Vietnam%27s+famine+in+1945&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Vietnam+Net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.vietnamnet.vn%2Ffms%2Fsociety%2F138833%2Frare-photos-of-vietnam-s-famine-in-1945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K., eds. (2012). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51110-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51110-0"><bdi>978-0-231-51110-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sources+of+Vietnamese+Tradition&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-231-51110-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lockhart, Bruce M.; Duiker, William J. (14 April 2010). The A to Z of Vietnam. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-3192-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-3192-4"><bdi>978-1-4617-3192-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+Vietnam&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4617-3192-4&rft.aulast=Lockhart&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rft.au=Duiker%2C+William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Ray, Nick; et al. (2010), Vietnam, Lonely Planet, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-17-42203898" title="Special:BookSources/978-17-42203898"><bdi>978-17-42203898</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-17-42203898&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Balasingamchow%2C+Yu-Mei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">McLeod, Mark; Nguyen, Thi Dieu (2001). Culture and Customs of Vietnam. Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-361135" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-361135"><bdi>978-0-313-361135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+Vietnam&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-313-361135&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Thi+Dieu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of the Vietnam. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07417-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07417-0"><bdi>978-0-520-07417-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Vietnam&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07417-0&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Keith+Weller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Keith Weller (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87586-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87586-8"><bdi>978-0-521-87586-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Vietnamese&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87586-8&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Keith+Weller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Amer, Ramses (1996). Vietnam's Policies and Ethnic Chinese since 1975, Sojourn, Vol. 11, Issue 1: 76–104.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Andaya, Barbara Watson (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flamingwombrepos0000anda">The flaming womb: repositioning women in early modern Southeast Asia</a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flamingwombrepos0000anda/page/146">146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-2955-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-2955-7"><bdi>0-8248-2955-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+flaming+womb%3A+repositioning+women+in+early+modern+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8248-2955-7&rft.au=Andaya%2C+Barbara+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflamingwombrepos0000anda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Bob Baulch; Truong Thi Kim Chuyen; <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Haughton" title="Dominique Haughton">Dominique Haughton</a>; Jonathan Haughton (May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/05/30/000094946_02051604452763/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf">Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam –A Socioeconomic Perspective</a> (PDF) (Report). Vol. WPS 2836. The World Bank–Development Research Group. Retrieved 13 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Minority+Development+in+Vietnam+%E2%80%93A+Socioeconomic+Perspective&rft.pub=The+World+Bank%E2%80%93Development+Research+Group&rft.date=2002-05&rft.au=Bob+Baulch&rft.au=Truong+Thi+Kim+Chuyen&rft.au=Dominique+Haughton&rft.au=Jonathan+Haughton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-wds.worldbank.org%2Fservlet%2FWDSContentServer%2FWDSP%2FIB%2F2002%2F05%2F30%2F000094946_02051604452763%2FRendered%2FPDF%2Fmulti0page.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chen, King C. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vY4tBfqGvZ4C&q=ethnic+chinese+controlled+percent+of+the+wholesale+trade&pg=PA54">China's War With Vietnam, 1979: Issues, Decisions, and Implications</a>. Hoover Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0817985727" title="Special:BookSources/0817985727"><bdi>0817985727</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+War+With+Vietnam%2C+1979%3A+Issues%2C+Decisions%2C+and+Implications&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0817985727&rft.au=Chen%2C+King+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvY4tBfqGvZ4C%26q%3Dethnic%2Bchinese%2Bcontrolled%2Bpercent%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bwholesale%2Btrade%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Cœdès, George. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgrAFlAC4-QC">The Making of South East Asia</a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520050614" title="Special:BookSources/0520050614">0520050614</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2013.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana; Anderson, James, eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7mlKjn3FfoMC">The Tongking Gulf Through History</a> (illustrated ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812243369" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812243369"><bdi>978-0812243369</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tongking+Gulf+Through+History&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0812243369&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7mlKjn3FfoMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k74xZYbnynwC&q=%22tay+son%22+chinese+massacre">Water Frontier: Commerce and the Chinese in the Lower Mekong Region, 1750–1880</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0742530833" title="Special:BookSources/0742530833"><bdi>0742530833</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+Frontier%3A+Commerce+and+the+Chinese+in+the+Lower+Mekong+Region%2C+1750%E2%80%931880&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0742530833&rft.au=Cooke%2C+Nola&rft.au=Li%2C+Tana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk74xZYbnynwC%26q%3D%2522tay%2Bson%2522%2Bchinese%2Bmassacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cœdès, George (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC">The Indianized States of South-East Asia</a> (3 ed.). University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/082480368X" title="Special:BookSources/082480368X"><bdi>082480368X</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indianized+States+of+South-East+Asia&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=082480368X&rft.aulast=C%C5%93d%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDyJBFTdiwoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85229-961-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85229-961-3"><bdi>0-85229-961-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-85229-961-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Contributor: Far-Eastern Prehistory Association <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qB21AAAAIAAJ">Asian Perspectives, Volume 28, Issue 1</a>. (1990) University Press of Hawaii. Retrieved 7 August 2013.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofchinese00gern_0">A History of Chinese Civilization</a> (2, illustrated, revised, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521497817" title="Special:BookSources/0521497817"><bdi>0521497817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Civilization&rft.edition=2%2C+illustrated%2C+revised%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0521497817&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofchinese00gern_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hall, Kenneth R., ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gyPjBevBHxcC">Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400–1800</a>. Volume 1 of Comparative urban studies. Lexington Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0739128353" title="Special:BookSources/0739128353">0739128353</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2013.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Hall, Kenneth R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fjsEn3w4TPgC">A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Societal Development, 100–1500</a> (illustrated ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742567627" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742567627"><bdi>978-0742567627</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Early+Southeast+Asia%3A+Maritime+Trade+and+Societal+Development%2C+100%E2%80%931500&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0742567627&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfjsEn3w4TPgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gibney, Matthew J; Hansen, Randall (30 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu00matt">Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu00matt/page/664">664</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1576077969" title="Special:BookSources/1576077969"><bdi>1576077969</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 April 2012. <q>hoa refugee -wikipedia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Asylum%3A+From+1900+to+the+Present&rft.pages=664&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005-06-30&rft.isbn=1576077969&rft.au=Gibney%2C+Matthew+J&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimmigrationasylu00matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Heng, Derek (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cLE_ToRyuLsC&q=southeast+asian+ports+intermarriage+daoyi+zhilue+champa+chinese+traders+local+women+cham+ports&pg=PA133">Sino-Malay Trade and Diplomacy from the Tenth Through the Fourteenth Century</a>. Ohio University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89680-271-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89680-271-1"><bdi>978-0-89680-271-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sino-Malay+Trade+and+Diplomacy+from+the+Tenth+Through+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-89680-271-1&rft.au=Heng%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcLE_ToRyuLsC%26q%3Dsoutheast%2Basian%2Bports%2Bintermarriage%2Bdaoyi%2Bzhilue%2Bchampa%2Bchinese%2Btraders%2Blocal%2Bwomen%2Bcham%2Bports%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIpRAQAAIAAJ">"Journal of Southeast Asian studies"</a>. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 37 (1). 2006. 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Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13862-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13862-8"><bdi>978-0-231-13862-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sources+of+Vietnamese+Tradition&rft.series=Introduction+to+Asian+Civilizations&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13862-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. 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Kim (2015). The Origins of Ancient Vietnam. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199980895" title="Special:BookSources/9780199980895"><bdi>9780199980895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Ancient+Vietnam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780199980895&rft.au=Nam+C.+Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">McLeod, Mark; Nguyen, Thi Dieu (2001). Culture and Customs of Vietnam. 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(2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tKUMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22H%E1%BA%A3i+Nam%22+%22H%C3%A0+Ti%C3%AAn%22">Thông báo văn hoá dân gian 2006</a>. Vietnam: Nhà xuá̂t bản Khoa học xa̋ hội. 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Vietnam: A New History. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09436-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09436-3"><bdi>978-0-465-09436-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+A+New+History&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-465-09436-3&rft.aulast=Goscha&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Dror, Olga (2018). Making Two Vietnams: War and Youth Identities, 1965–1975. 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Classical Dance and Theatre in South-East Asia. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-588595-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-588595-8"><bdi>978-0-19-588595-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Dance+and+Theatre+in+South-East+Asia&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-588595-8&rft.aulast=Miettinen&rft.aufirst=Jukka+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Adhikari, Ramesh; Kirkpatrick, Colin H.; Weiss, John (1992). 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(2002). Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2966-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2966-4"><bdi>978-0-8223-2966-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postcolonial+Vietnam%3A+New+Histories+of+the+National+Past&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2966-4&rft.aulast=Pelley&rft.aufirst=Patricia+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Largo, V. (2002). Vietnam: Current Issues and Historical Background. <a href="/wiki/Nova_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Publishers">Nova Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-368-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-368-6"><bdi>978-1-59033-368-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+Current+Issues+and+Historical+Background&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-59033-368-6&rft.aulast=Largo&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Dodd, Jan; Lewis, Mark (2003). Vietnam. <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-095-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-095-4"><bdi>978-1-84353-095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-095-4&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Protected Areas and Development Partnership (2003). Review of Protected Areas and Development in the Four Countries of the Lower Mekong River Region. ICEM. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9750332-4-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9750332-4-1"><bdi>978-0-9750332-4-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Review+of+Protected+Areas+and+Development+in+the+Four+Countries+of+the+Lower+Mekong+River+Region&rft.pub=ICEM&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9750332-4-1&rft.au=Protected+Areas+and+Development+Partnership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Smith, Anthony L. (2005). Southeast Asia and New Zealand: A History of Regional and Bilateral Relations. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria University Press">Victoria University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86473-519-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86473-519-5"><bdi>978-0-86473-519-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia+and+New+Zealand%3A+A+History+of+Regional+and+Bilateral+Relations&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-86473-519-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Anthony+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Wanni Wibulswasdi; Lee, Robert G. (2005). Displacements and Diasporas: Asians in the Americas. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3611-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3611-8"><bdi>978-0-8135-3611-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Displacements+and+Diasporas%3A+Asians+in+the+Americas&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3611-8&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Wanni+Wibulswasdi&rft.au=Lee%2C+Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Englar, Mary (2006). Vietnam: A Question and Answer Book. <a href="/wiki/Capstone_Publishers" title="Capstone Publishers">Capstone Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7368-6414-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7368-6414-5"><bdi>978-0-7368-6414-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+A+Question+and+Answer+Book&rft.pub=Capstone+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7368-6414-5&rft.aulast=Englar&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Tran, Nhung Tuyet; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reid_(academic)" title="Anthony Reid (academic)">Reid, Anthony</a>, eds. (2006). Viet Nam: Borderless Histories. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-21773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-21773-0"><bdi>978-0-299-21773-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viet+Nam%3A+Borderless+Histories&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-299-21773-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jeffries, Ian (2007). Vietnam: A Guide to Economic and Political Developments. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-16454-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-16454-7"><bdi>978-1-134-16454-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+A+Guide+to+Economic+and+Political+Developments&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-16454-7&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Koskoff, Ellen (2008). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-99404-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-99404-0"><bdi>978-0-415-99404-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music%3A+The+Middle+East%2C+South+Asia%2C+East+Asia%2C+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-99404-0&rft.aulast=Koskoff&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Calò, Ambra (2009). Trails of Bronze Drums Across Early Southeast Asia: Exchange Routes and Connected Cultural Spheres. <a href="/wiki/Archaeopress" title="Archaeopress">Archaeopress</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0396-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0396-3"><bdi>978-1-4073-0396-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trails+of+Bronze+Drums+Across+Early+Southeast+Asia%3A+Exchange+Routes+and+Connected+Cultural+Spheres&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4073-0396-3&rft.aulast=Cal%C3%B2&rft.aufirst=Ambra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Gitesh (2009). Traces of Indian Culture in Vietnam. <a href="/wiki/Rajkamal_Prakashan" title="Rajkamal Prakashan">Rajkamal Prakashan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-905401-4-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-905401-4-8"><bdi>978-81-905401-4-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traces+of+Indian+Culture+in+Vietnam&rft.pub=Rajkamal+Prakashan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-905401-4-8&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Gitesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Koblitz, Neal (2009). Random Curves: Journeys of a Mathematician. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_%2B_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science + Business Media">Springer Science + Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-74078-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-74078-0"><bdi>978-3-540-74078-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Random+Curves%3A+Journeys+of+a+Mathematician&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%2B+Business+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-540-74078-0&rft.aulast=Koblitz&rft.aufirst=Neal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Asian Development Bank (2010). Asian Development Outlook 2010 Update. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9092-181-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9092-181-3"><bdi>978-92-9092-181-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Development+Outlook+2010+Update&rft.pub=Asian+Development+Bank&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-92-9092-181-3&rft.au=Asian+Development+Bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gustafsson, Mai Lan (2010). War and Shadows: The Haunting of Vietnam. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-5745-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-5745-6"><bdi>978-0-8014-5745-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Shadows%3A+The+Haunting+of+Vietnam&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-5745-6&rft.aulast=Gustafsson&rft.aufirst=Mai+Lan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jones, Daniel (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76575-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76575-6"><bdi>978-0-521-76575-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76575-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The Complete Costume Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4004-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4004-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-4004-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Costume+Dictionary&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4004-1&rft.aulast=Lewandowski&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Vierra, Kimberly; Vierra, Brian (2011). Vietnam Business Guide: Getting Started in Tomorrow's Market Today. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-17881-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-17881-2"><bdi>978-1-118-17881-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Business+Guide%3A+Getting+Started+in+Tomorrow%27s+Market+Today&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-118-17881-2&rft.aulast=Vierra&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.au=Vierra%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana; Anderson, James (2011). The Tongking Gulf Through History. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4336-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4336-9"><bdi>978-0-8122-4336-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tongking+Gulf+Through+History&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4336-9&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=Nola&rft.au=Li%2C+Tana&rft.au=Anderson%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Zwartjes, Otto (2011). Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800. <a href="/wiki/John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company" title="John Benjamins Publishing Company">John Benjamins Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-4608-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-4608-0"><bdi>978-90-272-4608-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portuguese+Missionary+Grammars+in+Asia%2C+Africa+and+Brazil%2C+1550%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-272-4608-0&rft.aulast=Zwartjes&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kỳ Phương, Trần; Lockhart, Bruce M. (2011). The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art. <a href="/wiki/NUS_Press" title="NUS Press">NUS Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-459-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-459-3"><bdi>978-9971-69-459-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cham+of+Vietnam%3A+History%2C+Society+and+Art&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-459-3&rft.aulast=K%E1%BB%B3+Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&rft.aufirst=Tr%E1%BA%A7n&rft.au=Lockhart%2C+Bruce+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Thaker, Aruna; Barton, Arlene (2012). Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-35046-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-35046-1"><bdi>978-1-118-35046-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multicultural+Handbook+of+Food%2C+Nutrition+and+Dietetics&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-118-35046-1&rft.aulast=Thaker&rft.aufirst=Aruna&rft.au=Barton%2C+Arlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Vo, Nghia M. (2012). Legends of Vietnam: An Analysis and Retelling of 88 Tales. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9060-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-9060-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legends+of+Vietnam%3A+An+Analysis+and+Retelling+of+88+Tales&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9060-8&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=Nghia+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chico, Beverly (2013). Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia: A Cultural Encyclopedia. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-063-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-063-8"><bdi>978-1-61069-063-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hats+and+Headwear+around+the+World%3A+A+Cultural+Encyclopedia%3A+A+Cultural+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-063-8&rft.aulast=Chico&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Boobbyer, Claire; Spooner, Andrew (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamcambodial0000boob">Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos Footprint Handbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Footprint_Travel_Guides" title="Footprint Travel Guides">Footprint Travel Guides</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907263-64-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907263-64-4"><bdi>978-1-907263-64-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%2C+Cambodia+%26+Laos+Footprint+Handbook&rft.pub=Footprint+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-907263-64-4&rft.aulast=Boobbyer&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Spooner%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvietnamcambodial0000boob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Fröhlich, Holger L.; Schreinemachers, Pepijn; Stahr, Karl; Clemens, Gerhard (2013). Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia: Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_%2B_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science + Business Media">Springer Science + Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-33377-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-33377-4"><bdi>978-3-642-33377-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainable+Land+Use+and+Rural+Development+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Innovations+and+Policies+for+Mountainous+Areas&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%2B+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-642-33377-4&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%B6hlich&rft.aufirst=Holger+L.&rft.au=Schreinemachers%2C+Pepijn&rft.au=Stahr%2C+Karl&rft.au=Clemens%2C+Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Choy, Lee Khoon (2013). Golden Dragon And Purple Phoenix: The Chinese And Their Multi-ethnic Descendants In Southeast Asia. <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4518-49-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4518-49-9"><bdi>978-981-4518-49-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golden+Dragon+And+Purple+Phoenix%3A+The+Chinese+And+Their+Multi-ethnic+Descendants+In+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-981-4518-49-9&rft.aulast=Choy&rft.aufirst=Lee+Khoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cosslett, Tuyet L.; Cosslett, Patrick D. (2013). Water Resources and Food Security in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_%2B_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science + Business Media">Springer Science + Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-02198-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-02198-0"><bdi>978-3-319-02198-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+Resources+and+Food+Security+in+the+Vietnam+Mekong+Delta&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%2B+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-319-02198-0&rft.aulast=Cosslett&rft.aufirst=Tuyet+L.&rft.au=Cosslett%2C+Patrick+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">de Mora, Javier Calvo; Wood, Keith (2014). Practical Knowledge in Teacher Education: Approaches to teacher internship programmes. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-80333-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-80333-1"><bdi>978-1-317-80333-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Knowledge+in+Teacher+Education%3A+Approaches+to+teacher+internship+programmes&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-80333-1&rft.aulast=de+Mora&rft.aufirst=Javier+Calvo&rft.au=Wood%2C+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Yao, Alice (2016). The Ancient Highlands of Southwest China: From the Bronze Age to the Han Empire. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-936734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-936734-4"><bdi>978-0-19-936734-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Highlands+of+Southwest+China%3A+From+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Han+Empire&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-936734-4&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Thanh Hai, Do (2016). Vietnam and the South China Sea: Politics, Security and Legality. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-39820-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-39820-2"><bdi>978-1-317-39820-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam+and+the+South+China+Sea%3A+Politics%2C+Security+and+Legality&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-39820-2&rft.aulast=Thanh+Hai&rft.aufirst=Do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Ozolinš, Janis Talivaldis (2016). Religion and Culture in Dialogue: East and West Perspectives. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-25724-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-25724-2"><bdi>978-3-319-25724-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Culture+in+Dialogue%3A+East+and+West+Perspectives&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-319-25724-2&rft.aulast=Ozolin%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Janis+Talivaldis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Howard, Michael C. (2016). Textiles and Clothing of Việt Nam: A History. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2440-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2440-2"><bdi>978-1-4766-2440-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textiles+and+Clothing+of+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam%3A+A+History&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-2440-2&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Travel, DK (2017). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Vietnam and Angkor Wat. <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley Limited">Dorling Kindersley Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-30136-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-30136-4"><bdi>978-0-241-30136-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DK+Eyewitness+Travel+Guide+Vietnam+and+Angkor+Wat&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+Limited&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-241-30136-4&rft.aulast=Travel&rft.aufirst=DK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Hinchey, Jane (2017). Vietnam: Discover the Country, Culture and People. Redback Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925630-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925630-02-2"><bdi>978-1-925630-02-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+Discover+the+Country%2C+Culture+and+People&rft.pub=Redback+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-925630-02-2&rft.aulast=Hinchey&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Trieu Dan, Nguyen (2017). A Vietnamese Family Chronicle: Twelve Generations on the Banks of the Hat River. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="McFarland Publishing">McFarland Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8779-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8779-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-8779-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Vietnamese+Family+Chronicle%3A+Twelve+Generations+on+the+Banks+of+the+Hat+River&rft.pub=McFarland+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8779-0&rft.aulast=Trieu+Dan&rft.aufirst=Nguyen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Tran, Tri C.; Le, Tram (2017). Vietnamese Stories for Language Learners: Traditional Folktales in Vietnamese and English Text (MP3 Downloadable Audio Included). <a href="/wiki/Tuttle_Publishing" title="Tuttle Publishing">Tuttle Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-1956-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-1956-7"><bdi>978-1-4629-1956-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnamese+Stories+for+Language+Learners%3A+Traditional+Folktales+in+Vietnamese+and+English+Text+%28MP3+Downloadable+Audio+Included%29&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4629-1956-7&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Tri+C.&rft.au=Le%2C+Tram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cosslett, Tuyet L.; Cosslett, Patrick D. (2017). Sustainable Development of Rice and Water Resources in Mainland Southeast Asia and Mekong River Basin. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-10-5613-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-10-5613-0"><bdi>978-981-10-5613-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainable+Development+of+Rice+and+Water+Resources+in+Mainland+Southeast+Asia+and+Mekong+River+Basin&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-981-10-5613-0&rft.aulast=Cosslett&rft.aufirst=Tuyet+L.&rft.au=Cosslett%2C+Patrick+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Zhu, Ying; Ren, Shuang; Collins, Ngan; Warner, Malcolm (2017). Business Leaders and Leadership in Asia. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-56749-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-56749-3"><bdi>978-1-317-56749-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Leaders+and+Leadership+in+Asia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-56749-3&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Ying&rft.au=Ren%2C+Shuang&rft.au=Collins%2C+Ngan&rft.au=Warner%2C+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lamport, Mark A. (2018). Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7157-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7157-9"><bdi>978-1-4422-7157-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity+in+the+Global+South&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-7157-9&rft.aulast=Lamport&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Dinh Tham, Nguyen (2018). Studies on Vietnamese Language and Literature: A Preliminary Bibliography. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-1882-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-1882-3"><bdi>978-1-5017-1882-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+on+Vietnamese+Language+and+Literature%3A+A+Preliminary+Bibliography&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-1882-3&rft.aulast=Dinh+Tham&rft.aufirst=Nguyen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Dayley, Robert (2018). 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Retrieved 29 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+origin+of+the+Sek%3A+implications+for+Tai+and+Vietnamese+history&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+on+Tai+Studies%2C+July+29%E2%80%9331%2C+1998&rft.place=Bangkok%2C+Thailand&rft.pub=Institute+of+Language+and+Culture+for+Rural+Development%2C+Mahidol+University&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=974-85916-9-7&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsealang.net%2Fsala%2Farchives%2Fpdf8%2Fchamberlain1998origin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchman2010" class="citation journal cs1">Churchman, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309155610/https://chl-old.anu.edu.au/publications/csds/csds2010/04-2_Churchman_2010.pdf">"Before Chinese and Vietnamese in the Red River Plain: The Han–Tang Period"</a> (PDF). Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chl-old.anu.edu.au/publications/csds/csds2010/04-2_Churchman_2010.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Southern+Diaspora+Studies&rft.atitle=Before+Chinese+and+Vietnamese+in+the+Red+River+Plain%3A+The+Han%E2%80%93Tang+Period&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Churchman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchl-old.anu.edu.au%2Fpublications%2Fcsds%2Fcsds2010%2F04-2_Churchman_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Cornell University (15 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seap.einaudi.cornell.edu/rice-vietnamese-culture-and-economy">"Rice in Vietnamese Culture and Economy"</a>. Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies – Southeast Asia Program.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mario+Einaudi+Center+for+International+Studies+%E2%80%93+Southeast+Asia+Program&rft.atitle=Rice+in+Vietnamese+Culture+and+Economy&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft.au=Cornell+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseap.einaudi.cornell.edu%2Frice-vietnamese-culture-and-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Van Van, Hoang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012055826/http://r-cube.ritsumei.ac.jp/repo/repository/rcube/4129/LCS_22_1pp7-18_HOANG.pdf">"The Current Situation and Issues of the Teaching of English in Vietnam"</a> (PDF). Ritsumeikan Language and Culture Studies. 22 (1). <a href="/wiki/Ritsumeikan_Asia_Pacific_University" title="Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University">Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://r-cube.ritsumei.ac.jp/repo/repository/rcube/4129/LCS_22_1pp7-18_HOANG.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ritsumeikan+Language+and+Culture+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Current+Situation+and+Issues+of+the+Teaching+of+English+in+Vietnam&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Van+Van&rft.aufirst=Hoang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fr-cube.ritsumei.ac.jp%2Frepo%2Frepository%2Frcube%2F4129%2FLCS_22_1pp7-18_HOANG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchliesinger2018a" class="citation book cs1">Schliesinger, Joachim (2018a). Origin of the Tai People 5―Cradle of the Tai People and the Ethnic Setup Today Volume 5 of Origin of the Tai People. Booksmango. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1641531825" title="Special:BookSources/978-1641531825"><bdi>978-1641531825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+of+the+Tai+People+5%E2%80%95Cradle+of+the+Tai+People+and+the+Ethnic+Setup+Today+Volume+5+of+Origin+of+the+Tai+People&rft.pub=Booksmango&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1641531825&rft.aulast=Schliesinger&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchliesinger2018b" class="citation book cs1">Schliesinger, Joachim (2018b). Origin of the Tai People 6―Northern Tai-Speaking People of the Red River Delta and Their Habitat Today Volume 6 of Origin of the Tai People. Booksmango. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1641531832" title="Special:BookSources/978-1641531832"><bdi>978-1641531832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+of+the+Tai+People+6%E2%80%95Northern+Tai-Speaking+People+of+the+Red+River+Delta+and+Their+Habitat+Today+Volume+6+of+Origin+of+the+Tai+People&rft.pub=Booksmango&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1641531832&rft.aulast=Schliesinger&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups in Vietnam</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vietnam#Languages" title="Vietnam">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chứt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngu%E1%BB%93n_language" title="Nguồn language">Nguồn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_people" title="Thổ people">Thổ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Việt (Kinh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Austroasiatic (non-Vietic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahnar_people" title="Bahnar people">Ba Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brau_people" title="Brau people">Brâu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru-Vân Kiều</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_people" title="Cor people">Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katu_people" title="Katu people">Cơ Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gie_Trieng_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gie Trieng people">Giẻ Triêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%27re_people" title="H're people">Hrê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khang people">Kháng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khơ Mú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnong_people" title="Mnong people">M'Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stieng_people" title="Stieng people">Xtiêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koho_people" title="Koho people">Cơ Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1_people" title="Mạ people">Mạ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Ro_people" title="Cho Ro people">Chơ Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Du_people" title="O Du people">Ơ Đu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%A1_M%C4%83m_people" title="Rơ Măm people">Rơ Măm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta_Oi_people" title="Ta Oi people">Tà Ôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksingmul_people" title="Ksingmul people">Xinh Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xo_Dang_people" title="Xo Dang people">Xơ Đăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">Khmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Dao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">H'Mông/Mông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Then_people" title="Pa Then people">Pà Thẻn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Tai–Kadai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bố Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1y_people" title="Giáy people">Giáy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Lự</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Chay_people" title="San Chay people">Sán Chay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay people">Tày</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)" title="Thái people (Vietnam)">Thái</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Thái Đen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Thái Đỏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Thái Trắng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Thanh_language" title="Tai Thanh language">Tày Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Pao_language" title="Tai Pao language">Thái Hàng Tổng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Cơ Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachi_people" title="Lachi people">La Chí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_people" title="Laha people">La Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Pu Péo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Thủy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A1i_people" title="Ngái people">Ngái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diu_people" title="San Diu people">Sán Dìu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Cống</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hà Nhì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">La Hủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B4_L%C3%B4_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lô Lô people">Lô Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_L%C3%A1_people" title="Phù Lá people">Phù Lá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_La_people" title="Si La people">Si La</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chăm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churu_people" title="Churu people">Chu Ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_people" title="Rade people">Ê Đê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_people" title="Jarai people">Gia Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raglai_people" title="Raglai people">Raglai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Expatriate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Vietnam" title="Japanese people in Vietnam">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Vietnam" title="Nigerians in Vietnam">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_expatriates_in_Vietnam" title="Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italic – Not officially recognized</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Laos_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Laos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Laos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Laos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Laos_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Laos">Ethnic groups in Laos</a> by <a href="/wiki/Laos#Languages" title="Laos">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Lao-Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phu_Thai_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phu Thai people (page does not exist)">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saek_people" title="Saek people">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a> (Red Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a> (Black Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Tai Khao</a> (White Tai)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Maen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Maen (page does not exist)">Tai Maen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nüa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atel_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atel people (page does not exist)">Atel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_people_(Laos)" title="Bo people (Laos)">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chut</a> (May)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinh/Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krih_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krih people (page does not exist)">Krih</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liha_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liha people (page does not exist)">Liha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maleng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maleng people (page does not exist)">Maleng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phong_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phong people (page does not exist)">Phong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phon_Sung_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phon Sung people (page does not exist)">Phon Sung</a> (Aheu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thavung_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thavung people (page does not exist)">Thavung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tum_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tum people (page does not exist)">Tum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_languages" title="Katuic languages">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katu_people" title="Katu people">Ca Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makong_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makong people (page does not exist)">Makong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacoh_people" title="Pacoh people">Pacoh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sou_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sou people (page does not exist)">Sou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta_Oi_people" title="Ta Oi people">Ta Oi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahnaric_languages" title="Bahnaric languages">Bahnaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alak_people" title="Alak people">Alak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brau_people" title="Brau people">Brau</a> (Lavae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katang_people" title="Katang people">Kataang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeng people (page does not exist)">Jeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oy_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oy people (page does not exist)">Oy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laven_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laven people (page does not exist)">Laven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaheun_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaheun people (page does not exist)">Nyaheun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedang people">Sedang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talieng_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talieng people (page does not exist)">Talieng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yae_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yae people (page does not exist)">Yae</a> (Jeh)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmuic_languages" title="Khmuic languages">Khmu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palaungic_languages" title="Palaungic languages">Palaungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_people" title="Bit people">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khang people">Khang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai people">Htin</a> (Lua)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Keu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon Keu">Keu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamet_people" title="Lamet people">Lamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Du_people" title="O Du people">O Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinh_Mun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinh Mun people">Xinh Mun</a> (Puoc)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samtao_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samtao people (page does not exist)">Samtao</a> (Kiorr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanten_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanten people (page does not exist)">Lanten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kado_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kado people (page does not exist)">Kado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaduo_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaduo people (page does not exist)">Kaduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phana%27_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phana' people (page does not exist)">Phana'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Phunoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_La_people" title="Si La people">Si La</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Chams" title="Laotian Chams">Laotian Cham</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Chinese" title="Laotian Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Doi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Doi people (page does not exist)">Doi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleun_people" title="Kaleun people">Kaleung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lavy_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavy people (page does not exist)">Lavy</a> (Lawi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General grouping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Loum" title="Lao Loum">Lao Loum</a> (Lowland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Theung" title="Lao Theung">Lao Theung</a> (Highland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Sung" title="Lao Sung">Lao Sung</a> (Hill)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/16px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/24px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/32px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia_by_language_family" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Cambodia by language family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia_by_language_family" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Cambodia by language family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia_by_language_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Cambodia by language family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">Ethnic groups in Cambodia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia#Languages" title="Demographics of Cambodia">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Khmer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Central Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">Khmer Krom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_people" title="Northern Khmer people">Khmer Surin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodians" title="Chinese Cambodians">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kula_people_(Asia)" title="Kula people (Asia)">Bamar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_people" title="Jarai people">Jarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_people" title="Rade people">Rade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahnaric_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnaric language">Bahnaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kachok_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kachok people (page does not exist)">Kachok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampuan_people" title="Tampuan people">Tampuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel-Khaonh_language" title="Mel-Khaonh language">Khaonh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraol_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraol people (page does not exist)">Kraol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel-Khaonh_language" title="Mel-Khaonh language">Mel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunong_people" title="Bunong people">Bunong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%27ong_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ra'ong people (page does not exist)">Ra'ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stieng_people" title="Stieng people">Stieng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thmon_language" title="Thmon language">Thmaun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brao_people" title="Brao people">Brao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavet_people" title="Kavet people">Kavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klueng_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Klueng language">Klueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreung">Kreung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lun_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lun people (page does not exist)">Lun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Katuic language">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearic language">Pearic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pear_people" title="Pear people">Por</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somray_language" title="Somray language">Samrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samre_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Samre language">Samre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearic_peoples" title="Pearic peoples">Sa'och</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearic_peoples" title="Pearic peoples">Suoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kchruk_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kchruk people (page does not exist)">Kchruk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietic language">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Cambodians" title="Vietnamese Cambodians">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai–Kadai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kula_people_(Asia)" title="Kula people (Asia)">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Lao_people" title="Khmer Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaw_people" title="Nyaw people">Tai Nyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expatriate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cambodia" title="Indians in Cambodia">Indians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic and linguistic groups in Thailand</a> by <a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Template:Languages of Thailand">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra–Dai">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Tai">Southwestern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isan_people" title="Isan people">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn" class="mw-redirect" title="Khün">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ga" title="Lao Ga">Lao Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Krang" title="Lao Krang">Lao Krang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Lom" title="Lao Lom">Lao Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Loum" title="Lao Loum">Lao Loum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ngaew" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Ngaew">Lao Ngaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Song" title="Lao Song">Lao Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ti" title="Lao Ti">Lao Ti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Wiang" title="Lao Wiang">Lao Wiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_people" title="Northern Thai people">Tai Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyong people">Nyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Bueng" title="Tai Bueng">Tai Bueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Gapong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Gapong">Tai Gapong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleun_people" title="Kaleun people">Kaleun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Wang (page does not exist)">Tai Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorat_Thai" title="Khorat Thai">Khorat Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Thai Yai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tai_languages" title="Northern Tai languages">Northern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saek_people" title="Saek people">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaw_people" title="Nyaw people">Nyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoy_people" title="Yoy people">Yoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malayo-Polynesian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moken_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moken people">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moklen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moklen people (page does not exist)">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%E2%80%99_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi’ people">Urak Lawoi’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmuic_peoples" title="Khmuic peoples">Khmuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua_people" title="Lua people">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai people">Phai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_people" title="Pray people">Pray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_people" title="Mal people">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaungic_languages" title="Palaungic languages">Palaungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamet_people" title="Lamet people">Lamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawa_people" title="Lawa people">Lawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mok_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mok people (page does not exist)">Mok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Palaung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_people" title="Northern Khmer people">Northern</a></li> <li>Western</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monic_languages" title="Monic languages">Monic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyah_Kur_people" title="Nyah Kur people">Nyah Kur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Katuic language">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearic language">Pearic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pear_people" title="Pear people">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_language" title="Chong language">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27och_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'och people">Sa'och</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aslian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aslian">Aslian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maniq" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniq">Maniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintaq">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensiu">Kensiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietic">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thavung_language" title="Thavung language">Aheu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic language">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chinese" title="Thai Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Haw" title="Chin Haw">Chin Haw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Hokchew</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisu people (page does not exist)">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_people" title="Karenni people">Kayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Lolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpi people">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_people" title="Pa'O people">Pa'O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrae_Pwo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrae Pwo">Phrae Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Phunoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo people">Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_people" title="S'gaw people">S'gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugong_people" title="Ugong people">Ugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_people" title="Iu Mien people">Iu Mien</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Thailand#Immigrants" title="Demographics of Thailand">Immigrants and expatriates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Thailand" title="Australians in Thailand">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_in_Thailand" title="Burmese in Thailand">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Farang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Thailand" title="Filipinos in Thailand">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Thailand" title="Iranians in Thailand">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Thailand" title="Japanese migration to Thailand">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Thailand" title="Koreans in Thailand">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luk_khrueng" title="Luk khrueng">Luk khrueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalis in Thailand">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Thailand" title="Pakistanis in Thailand">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenskar_i_Thailand" class="extiw" title="sv:Svenskar i Thailand">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_Vietnamese" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Template:Overseas Vietnamese"><abbr title="View this 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navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Canadians" title="Vietnamese Canadians">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Vietnamese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Vietnamese-American_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese-American populations">by city</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Cambodians" title="Vietnamese Cambodians">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="Vietnamese people in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Taiwan" title="Vietnamese people in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_migrant_brides_in_Taiwan" title="Vietnamese migrant brides in Taiwan">migrant brides</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_refugees_in_Israel" title="Vietnamese refugees in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Japan" title="Vietnamese people in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Korea" title="Vietnamese people in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Laos" title="Vietnamese people in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Malaysia" title="Vietnamese people in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese#Philippines" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Turkey" title="Vietnamese people in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Belgium" title="Vietnamese people in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Bulgaria" title="Vietnamese people in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Cyprus" title="Vietnamese people in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Finland" title="Vietnamese people in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_France" title="Vietnamese people in France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_community_in_Paris" title="Vietnamese community in Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Germany" title="Vietnamese people in Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_community_of_Berlin" title="Vietnamese community of Berlin">Berlin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Vietnamese people in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Vietnamese" title="Norwegian Vietnamese">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Poland" title="Vietnamese people in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Russia" title="Vietnamese people in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Australians" title="Vietnamese Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_France#Vietnamese_in_other_French_territories" title="Vietnamese people in France">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_New_Zealanders" title="Vietnamese New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_boat_people" title="Vietnamese boat people">Vietnamese boat people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fs4hk","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.447","walltime":"6.080","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29629,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1003967,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":35700,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1211810,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 5411.352 1 -total"," 24.10% 1304.355 215 Template:Cite_book"," 12.91% 698.356 3 Template:Reflist"," 10.43% 564.162 86 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.22% 445.084 48 Template:Sfn"," 7.94% 429.538 2 Template:Short_description"," 7.41% 400.721 4 Template:Pagetype"," 6.15% 332.574 63 Template:Cite_news"," 5.72% 309.431 4 Template:Langx"," 5.15% 278.928 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.179","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24349299,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAkazawaAokiKimura1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlterman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlves2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonWhitmore2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_Chittick2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC_News1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarber2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBellwoodGlover2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrigham1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrindley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButtinger1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButtinger1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChamberlain2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChua2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChua2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChurchman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCima1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCortada1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCottrell2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrozier1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDK2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDennellPorr2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDlhopolec2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDohrenwendTurseWallYager2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuy_HinhDinh_Tho2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEggleston2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerlus2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankum2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallup2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGettlemanFranklinYoungFranklin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbons2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillet2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGittinger1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolzio2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodkind1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGravel1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH._Chi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHa_Trân2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHampson1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeneghan1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirschmanPrestonVu1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiẻ̂n_Lê2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmgren1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHong_LienSharrock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowe2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoàng2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoàng_HoaNgọc_Quang2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoàng_Hải2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyunh1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHà_Văn2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHẳng2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIssermanBowman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacques1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamieson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoes1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJukes1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeith2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelleyHong2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeyes1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhoo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhánh_Huỳnh1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhánh_Lan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiernan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiernan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKissi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleeman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKort2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKutananLiuKampuansaiSrikummool2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL._Anh_HoangCheryll_Alipio2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLargo2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeTranBuiLe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewy1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieberman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLim2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimMin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipsonCheronetMallickRohland2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLý_Hà2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaspero1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatsumuraNguyenNguyenAnezaki2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatsumuraYonedaYukioOxenham2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMauk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinney2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinsey2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLeod1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeacham1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeggle2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiksicYian2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoïse2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuehlenbeckMuehlenbeck2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphey1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeville2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNgo2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyễn2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNhu_Nguyen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNormanMei1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObermeyerMurrayGakidou2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOdellCastillo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlsen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoiAnh_Tuan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOxenhamBuckley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOxenhamTayles2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeiros2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhanNguyễnNguyễn1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhuong_Linh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhương_LinhHoàng_Vũ2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhạm2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPike2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPischeddaBarral-ArcaGómez-CarballaPardo-Seco2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuốc_AnhTrọng_Hoàng2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuỳnh_TrangTạ_Lư2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabett2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamsay2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardson1876\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRédli2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSagart2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchafer1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchliesinger2018a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchliesinger2018b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShenon1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpokesman-Review1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThanh_Binh_Minh2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThanh_Niên2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThu_TrangCẩm_Lai2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTonnesson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTran2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTâm1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVietnam_Net2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVu-TrieuDjoulahTran-ThiNguyen-Thanh1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVu2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVukovich2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagstaffvan_DoorslaerWatanabe2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaite2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillbanks2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoods2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoravatinStonekingSrikummoolKampuansai2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXuân_Nguyên2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYü1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZinoman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_DijkGraySavranskayaSuri2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_Dewall2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐào_Duy_Anh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐình_Nam2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CJKV\"] = 2,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 215,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 86,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 63,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 49,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Contains special characters\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Vietnamese People\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Cambodia\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Laos\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Thailand\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Vietnam\"] = 1,\n [\"Expert needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 40,\n [\"Free access\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox ethnic group\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 6,\n [\"Lit\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple issues\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Noitalic\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Okina\"] = 1,\n [\"Overseas Vietnamese\"] = 1,\n [\"POV\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 4,\n [\"Refend\"] = 4,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 48,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Who\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","480","13.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","11.5"],["?","380","10.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","200","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","200","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","160","4.6"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","140","4.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","140","4.0"],["[others]","1060","30.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rhzm7","timestamp":"20241124161412","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vietnamese people","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_people","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q216151","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q216151","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-16T00:10:28Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T00:07:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1f\/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i.jpg","headline":"ethnic group originally from northern Vietnam"}</script> </body> </html>