CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="my" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>သက်ရှိ - ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mywikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "၀\t၁\t၂\t၃\t၄\t၅\t၆\t၇\t၈\t၉"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"my normal","wgMonthNames":["","ဇန်နဝါရီ","ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ","မတ်","ဧပြီ","မေ","ဇွန်","ဇူလိုင်","ဩဂုတ်","စက်တင်ဘာ","အောက်တိုဘာ","နိုဝင်ဘာ","ဒီဇင်ဘာ"],"wgRequestId":"695ec0eb-ed3f-4dcc-bb91-1d0c8cb447c2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"သက်ရှိ","wgTitle":"သက်ရှိ","wgCurRevisionId":849668,"wgRevisionId":849668,"wgArticleId":10904,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Pages using PMID magic links","ဖော်ပြချက်တို ပါဝင်သော ဆောင်းပါးများ", "ဝီကီဒေတာနှင့် ကွဲပြားသော ဖော်ပြချက်တိုများ","Articles with 'species' microformats","ဆောင်းပါးတိုအားလုံး","Taxoboxes with no color","အသက်","ပင်မ အကြောင်းအရာ ဆောင်းပါးများ","ဇီဝဗေဒ ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"my","wgPageContentLanguage":"my","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"သက်ရှိ","wgRelevantArticleId":10904,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"my","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"my"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=my&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=my&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=my&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=my&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Diversidad_procariota.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1991"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Diversidad_procariota.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1328"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1062"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="သက်ရှိ - ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//my.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ပြင်ဆင်ရန်" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား (my)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//my.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.my"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား ခု" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-သက်ရှိ rootpage-သက်ရှိ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">မာတိကာသို့ ခုန်သွားရန်</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပင်မ မီနူး" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပင်မ မီနူး</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ပင်မ မီနူး</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အညွှန်း </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာသို့ သွားရန် [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လက်ရှိ အဖြစ်အပျက်များမှ နောက်ခံ အချက်အလက်များကို ရှာရန်"><span>လက်ရှိဖြစ်ရပ်များ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ စာရင်း [r]" accesskey="r"><span>လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ ပြရန် [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ကျပန်းစာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8"><span>ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား အကြောင်း</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>ဆက်သွယ်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပါဝင်ပံ့ပိုးရန် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ရှာဖွေဖော်ထုတ်ရန်နေရာ"><span>အကူအညီ</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA"><span>တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်း လေ့လာရန်</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ပရောဂျက်အကြောင်း၊ သင်ဘာလုပ်ပေးနိုင်သည် နှင့် ဘယ်နေရာတွင် ရှာဖွေရန်များ"><span>ပေါင်းကူးနေရာ</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC"><span>ဖိုင်တင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-my.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-my.svg" width="120" height="16" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ရှာဖွေရန်</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" aria-label="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="အထူး:ရှာဖွေရန်"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ရှာဖွေရန်</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=my" class=""><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="အသုံးပြုသူ မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=my"><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" aria-label="တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်းအကြောင်း ပိုမိုလေ့လာရန်"><span>ပိုမို လေ့လာရန်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ ပြုလုပ်ထားသော တည်းဖြတ်မှုများ၏ စာရင်း [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဆွေးနွေးရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="မာတိကာ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">မာတိကာ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">အစပိုင်း</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁</span> <span>အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ဇီဝဗေဒ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ဇီဝဗေဒ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁.၁</span> <span>ဇီဝဗေဒ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ဇီဝဗေဒ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁.၂</span> <span>ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ_မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ_မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂</span> <span>သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ_မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-မှတ်စုများ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#မှတ်စုများ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၃</span> <span>မှတ်စုများ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-မှတ်စုများ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ကိုးကား" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ကိုးကား"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၄</span> <span>ကိုးကား</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ကိုးကား-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="မာတိကာ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">သက်ရှိ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၁၆၇ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၁၆၇ ဘာသာစကားများ ၁၆၇ ခု</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewe" title="Lewe – အာဖရိကန်" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lewe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="အာဖရိကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leben" title="Leben – ဆွစ် ဂျာမန်" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leben" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ဆွစ် ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%88%E1%89%B5" title="ህይወት – အမ်ဟာရစ်ခ်" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህይወት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="အမ်ဟာရစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – အာရာဂွန်" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="အာရာဂွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABf" title="Līf – အင်ဂလို ဆက္ကစွန်" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Līf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="အင်ဂလို ဆက္ကစွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="حياة – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حياة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="حياة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حياة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A8" title="জীৱন – အာသံ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৱন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="အာသံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka%C3%B1a" title="Jakaña – အိုင်မာရ" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jakaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="အိုင်မာရ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99yat" title="Həyat – အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="یاشاییش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاشاییش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Тормош – ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тормош" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ABv%C4%ABb%C4%97" title="Gīvībė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gīvībė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhay" title="Buhay – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Buhay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%86%D1%91" title="Жыццё – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жыццё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%91" title="Жыцьцё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жыцьцё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Живот – ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="जिनगी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जिनगी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="জীবন – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="འཚོ་བ། – တိဘက်" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཚོ་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="တိဘက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhez" title="Buhez – ဘရီတွန်" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Buhez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ဘရီတွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – ဘော့စ်နီးယား" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ဘော့စ်နီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngolu" title="Ngolu – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ngolu" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амидарал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Амидарал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – ကတ်တလန်" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ကတ်တလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-m%C3%AAng" title="Sĕng-mêng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-mêng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дахар – ချက်ချန်း" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дахар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ချက်ချန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabuhi" title="Kinabuhi – စီဗူအာနို" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinabuhi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="စီဗူအာနို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ژین – ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – ချက်" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ချက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bywyd" title="Bywyd – ဝေလ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bywyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ဝေလ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv" title="Liv – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C9%9Bvili" title="Nyɛvili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nyɛvili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leben" title="Leben – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE" title="Ζωή – ဂရိ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ဂရိ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ဆောင်းပါးကောင်းတံဆိပ်"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivo" title="Vivo – အက်စ်ပရန်တို" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်ပရန်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elu" title="Elu – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizi" title="Bizi – ဘာစ်ခ်" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ဘာစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADa" title="Vía – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vía" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زندگی – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زندگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4m%C3%A4" title="Elämä – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elämä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula_(kilanibula)" title="Bula (kilanibula) – ဖီဂျီ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bula (kilanibula)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ဖီဂျီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vie" title="Vie – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leewent" title="Leewent – မြောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Leewent" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="မြောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libben" title="Libben – အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Libben" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatha" title="Beatha – အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beatha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavi" title="Lavi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lavi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatha" title="Beatha – စကော့တစ်ရှ် ဂေးလစ်ခ်" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beatha" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="စကော့တစ်ရှ် ဂေးလစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – ဂါလီစီယာ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ဂါလီစီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekove" title="Tekove – ဂူအာရာနီ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekove" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ဂူအာရာနီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-miang" title="Sâng-miang – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-miang" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חיים – ဟီဘရူး" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ဟီဘရူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवन – ဟိန်ဒူ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zindagi" title="Zindagi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Zindagi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – ခရိုအေးရှား" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ခရိုအေးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavi" title="Lavi – ဟေတီ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lavi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ဟေတီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89let" title="Élet – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Կյանք – အာမေးနီးယား" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կյանք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="အာမေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengidup" title="Pengidup – အီဗန်" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pengidup" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="အီဗန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kehidupan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vive" title="Vive – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vive" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biag" title="Biag – အီလိုကို" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Biag" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="အီလိုကို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Вахар – အင်ဂုရှ်" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Вахар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="အင်ဂုရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADf" title="Líf – အိုက်စ်လန်" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="အိုက်စ်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ဆောင်းပါးကောင်းတံဆိပ်"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laif" title="Laif – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Laif" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lo_kamji%27e" title="lo kamji'e – လိုဂျ်ဘန်" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lo kamji'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="လိုဂျ်ဘန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urip" title="Urip – ဂျာဗား" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Urip" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ဂျာဗား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="სიცოცხლე – ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიცოცხლე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%89%D3%80%D1%8D" title="ГъащӀэ – ကဘာဒင်" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ГъащӀэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="ကဘာဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тіршілік – ကာဇာချ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тіршілік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ကာဇာချ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಜೀವನ – ကန်နာဒါ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ကန်နာဒါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85" title="생명 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Джашау – ကရာချေး-ဘာကာ" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джашау" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ကရာချေး-ဘာကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زِنٛدگی – ကက်ရှ်မီးယား" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زِنٛدگی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ကက်ရှ်မီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyan" title="Jiyan – ကဒ်" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jiyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ကဒ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewnans" title="Bewnans – ခိုနီရှ်" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bewnans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ခိုနီရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тиричилик – ကာဂျစ်" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тиричилик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ကာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – လက်တင်" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="လက်တင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vive" title="Vive – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leve" title="Leve – လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Leve" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitta" title="Vitta – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vitta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom%C9%94i" title="Bomɔi – လင်ဂါလာ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bomɔi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="လင်ဂါလာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ຊີວິດ – လာအို" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊີວິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="လာအို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyvyb%C4%97" title="Gyvybė – လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABv%C4%ABba" title="Dzīvība – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiainana" title="Fiainana – မာလဂက်စီ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiainana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="မာလဂက်စီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiduik" title="Hiduik – စူကူမီနန်" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hiduik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="စူကူမီနန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Живот – မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Живот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="ജീവൻ – မလေယာလမ်" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="မလေယာလမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амьдрал – မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амьдрал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवन – မာရသီ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="မာရသီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidupan" title="Hidupan – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidupan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bida" title="Bida – မီရန်ဒီးဇ်" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bida" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="မီရန်ဒီးဇ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leven" title="Leven – အနိမ့် ဂျာမန်" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Leven" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="အနိမ့် ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवन – နီပေါ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="နီပေါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="उयिर् (सन् २००६या संकिपा) – နီဝါရီ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उयिर् (सन् २००६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="နီဝါရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leven" title="Leven – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livet" title="Livet – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Livet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv" title="Liv – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – အိုစီတန်" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="အိုစီတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੀਵਨ – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bida" title="Bida – ပါပီမင်တို" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bida" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ပါပီမင်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laaef" title="Laaef – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Laaef" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBycie" title="Życie – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Życie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="جیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ژوند – ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژوند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay" title="Kawsay – ခီချူဝါအိုဝါ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ခီချူဝါအိုဝါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Viață – ရိုမေနီယား" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viață" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ရိုမေနီယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Жизнь – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жизнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Жывот – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Жывот" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuzima" title="Ubuzima – ကင်ရာဝန်ဒါ" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuzima" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ကင်ရာဝန်ဒါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Олох – ဆခါ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Олох" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ဆခါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ – ဆန်တာလီ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ဆန်တာလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – စစ္စလီ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="စစ္စလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – စကော့တ်" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="စကော့တ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A" title="زندگي – စင်ဒီ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زندگي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="စင်ဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="ජීවය – စင်ဟာလာ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීවය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="စင်ဟာလာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زندگی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="زندگی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivljenje" title="Življenje – ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Življenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupenyu" title="Hupenyu – ရှိုနာ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hupenyu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ရှိုနာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolosha" title="Nolosha – ဆိုမာလီ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nolosha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ဆိုမာလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeta" title="Jeta – အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jeta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Живот – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirup" title="Hirup – ဆူဒန်" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hirup" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ဆူဒန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv" title="Liv – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhai" title="Uhai – ဆွာဟီလီ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ဆွာဟီလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBycie" title="Życie – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Życie" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/uzip" title="uzip – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="uzip" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிர் – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="జీవం – တီလီဂူ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="တီလီဂူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%A3" title="Зиндагӣ – တာဂျစ်" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зиндагӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="တာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ชีวิต – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีวิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Da%C5%9Fa%C3%BDy%C5%9F" title="Ýaşaýyş – တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýaşaýyş" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhay" title="Buhay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buhay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ui" title="Mo'ui – တွန်ဂါ" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Mo'ui" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="တွန်ဂါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C5%9Fam" title="Yaşam – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaşam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vutomi" title="Vutomi – ဆွန်ဂါ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vutomi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ဆွန်ဂါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Тереклек – တာတာ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тереклек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="တာတာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Життя – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Життя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیات – အူရ်ဒူ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="အူရ်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayot" title="Hayot – ဥဇဘတ်" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hayot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ဥဇဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo" title="Elo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Elo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Sự sống – ဗီယက်နမ်" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sự sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ဗီယက်နမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lif" title="Lif – ဗိုလာပိုက်" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ဗိုလာပိုက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veye_(biyolodjeye)" title="Veye (biyolodjeye) – ဝါလူးန်" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Veye (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ဝါလူးန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabuhi" title="Kinabuhi – ဝါရေး" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kinabuhi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ဝါရေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – ဝူ တရုတ်" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ဝူ တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – ဇိုစာ" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ဇိုစာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="თელარა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თელარა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%9F" title="לעבן – ရဟူဒီ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעבן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ရဟူဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengmingh" title="Sengmingh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sengmingh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8%E2%81%BF-mi%C4%81" title="Sèⁿ-miā – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèⁿ-miā" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – ကွမ်းတုံ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ကွမ်းတုံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impilo" title="Impilo – ဇူးလူး" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Impilo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ဇူးလူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ဘာသာစကားလင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်" class="wbc-editpage">လင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="အမည်ညွှန်းများ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="မာတိကာ ကြည့်ရန် [c]" accesskey="c"><span>စာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="မာတိကာ စာမျက်နှာအတွက် ဆွေးနွေးချက်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ဆွေးနွေးချက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ဘာသာစကား မူကွဲကို ပြောင်းရန်" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="အမြင်ပုံစံများ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD"><span>ဖတ်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=history" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခင်မူများ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="စာမျက်နှာကိရိယာများ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ကိရိယာများ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD"><span>ဖတ်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=history"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ယေဘုယျ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="ဤနေရာသို့ လမ်းညွှန် လင့်ထားသည့် ဝီကီစာမျက်နှာများ၏ စာရင်း [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ဘယ်ကလင့်ခ်ထားလဲ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" rel="nofollow" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာမှ ညွှန်းထားသည့် စာမျက်နှာများမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ဆက်စပ်သော အပြောင်းအလဲများ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အထူး စာမျက်နှာများအားလုံး စာရင်း [q]" accesskey="q"><span>အထူး စာမျက်နှာများ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&oldid=849668" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခုတည်းဖြတ်မူအတွက် ပုံသေလိပ်စာ"><span>ပုံသေလိပ်စာ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=info" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအကြောင်း အချက်အလက်ပို၍"><span>စာမျက်နှာ အချက်အလက်များ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&id=849668&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအား အကိုးအကားပြုပုံ အချက်အလက်များ"><span>ဤစာမျက်နှာကို ကိုးကားပြုရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AD"><span>အတိုကောက် URL ရယူရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AD"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပရင့်/ပို့လွှတ် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD"><span>စာအုပ်တစ်အုပ် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF အနေဖြင့် ရယူရန်</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&printable=yes" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သောမူ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သော ဗားရှင်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အခြား ပရောဂျက်များတွင် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Life" hreflang="en"><span>ဝီကီမီဒီယာ ကွန်မွန်းစ်</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3" title="ဒေတာအချက်အလက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ရန်လင့်ခ် [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ဝီကီဒေတာ item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="စာမျက်နှာကိရိယာများ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား မှ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="my" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">ဇီဝဗေဒ မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်တစ်ခု<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA:SHORTDESC:%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တမ်းပလိတ်:SHORTDESC:ဇီဝဗေဒ မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်တစ်ခု (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">တမ်းပလိတ်:SHORTDESC:ဇီဝဗေဒ မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ အဆင့်တစ်ခု</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" title="lang=my"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langmy-150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langmy-225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langmy-300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_83b4829e32ce35eb" resource="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_83b4829e32ce35eb"><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" shape="rect" coords="63,9,141,36" alt="သက်ရှိ" title="သက်ရှိ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" shape="rect" coords="63,49,141,75" alt="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" title="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" shape="rect" coords="63,89,141,115" alt="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" shape="rect" coords="63,128,141,154" alt="မျိုးပေါင်းစု" title="မျိုးပေါင်းစု" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" shape="rect" coords="63,168,141,194" alt="မျိုးပေါင်း" title="မျိုးပေါင်း" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" shape="rect" coords="63,208,141,234" alt="မျိုးစဉ်" title="မျိုးစဉ်" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" shape="rect" coords="63,247,141,273" alt="မျိုးရင်း" title="မျိုးရင်း" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" shape="rect" coords="63,287,141,313" alt="မျိုးစု" title="မျိုးစု" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" shape="rect" coords="63,326,141,353" alt="မျိုးစိတ်" title="မျိုးစိတ်" /></map><figcaption>(<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း အဆင့်">ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားမှုဆိုင်ရာ အဓိကအဆင့်</a>ကြီး) (၈)ဆင့် ရှိသည်။ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">သက်ရှိ</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" class="extiw" title="en:Life">Life</a>) အုပ်စုအောက်တွင် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">နယ်ပယ်</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Domain (biology)">domain</a>)များရှိပြီး၊ ၎င်းတို့ကို အခြားအုပ်စုငယ်များသို့ ထပ်ဆင့်ခွဲထားသည်။ အခြား အဆင့်ခွဲငယ်များကို ဤနေရာတွင် မပြပါ။</figcaption></figure> <div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: transparent">သက်ရှိ<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">3770–0 Ma</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; font-size:small; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(146,195,160); left:220.59782608696px; width:15.697282608696px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(7,202,234); left:236.29510869565px; width:10.117934782609px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(246,236,57); left:246.41304347826px; width:3.5869565217391px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,218,237); left:220.59782608696px; width:29.402173913043px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phanerozoic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phanerozoic (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Pha.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,91,113); left:114.13043478261px; width:48.913043478261px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,184,114); left:163.04347826087px; width:32.608695652174px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,183,87); left:195.65217391304px; width:24.945652173913px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,76,104); left:114.13043478261px; width:106.46739130435px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proterozoic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proterozoic (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Proterozoic</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(238,0,125); left:32.608695652174px; width:21.739130434783px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,91,151); left:54.347826086957px; width:21.739130434783px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,124,163); left:76.086956521739px; width:21.739130434783px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,166,186); left:97.826086956522px; width:16.304347826087px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,0,124); left:32.608695652174px; width:81.521739130435px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archean (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Archean</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,3,129); left:0px; width:32.608695652174px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,3,129); left:0px; width:32.608695652174px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadean (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)"><span style="color:white;"><i>Had'n</i></span></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:249px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:17.391304347826px; width:232.60869565217px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:45.108695652174px; width:204.89130434783px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:46.108695652174px; width:202.89130434783px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archean" class="extiw" title="en:Archean">Archean</a> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene" class="extiw" title="en:Holocene">Present</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadean" class="extiw" title="en:Hadean">Hadean</a> မူလအစ ဖြစ်နိုင်သော)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Diversidad_procariota.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Diversidad_procariota.PNG/260px-Diversidad_procariota.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="431" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Diversidad_procariota.PNG/390px-Diversidad_procariota.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Diversidad_procariota.PNG/520px-Diversidad_procariota.PNG 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="931" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အာခီးယာ">အာခီးယာ</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria" class="extiw" title="en:Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus" class="extiw" title="en:Bacillus">Bacillus</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacteria" class="extiw" title="en:Campylobacteria">Campylobacteria</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacteria" class="extiw" title="en:Enterobacteria">Enterobacteria</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplococcus" class="extiw" title="en:Diplococcus">Diplococcus</a>, နှင့် <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirochete" class="extiw" title="en:Spirochete">Spirochete</a> တို့ပါဝင်သော <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryota" class="extiw" title="en:Prokaryota">Prokaryote</a> ၏ မျိုးစုံမျိုးကွဲအဖုံဖုံ ကွဲပြားမှု </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG/260px-Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG/390px-Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG/520px-Eukaryota_diversity_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5271" data-file-height="7021" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1" title="ဝံပုလွေ">ဝံပုလွေ</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_sequoia" class="extiw" title="en:Giant sequoia">Giant sequoia</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entodinium" class="extiw" title="en:Entodinium">Entodinium</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_caesarea" class="extiw" title="en:Amanita caesarea">Amanita caesarea</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterois_antennata" class="extiw" title="en:Pterois antennata">Pterois antennata</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရေညှိပင်">ရေညှိ</a>ပွင့်များ, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysotoxum_verralli" class="extiw" title="en:Chrysotoxum verralli">Chrysotoxum verralli</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoparmelia" class="extiw" title="en:Xanthoparmelia">Xanthoparmelia</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="သစ်ကပ်မှော်">သစ်ကပ်မှော်</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictyostelium" class="extiw" title="en:Dictyostelium">Dictyostelium</a></i>, နှင့် <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillar_coral" class="extiw" title="en:Pillar coral">Pillar coral</a> တို့ပါဝင်သော <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="ယူကာယုတ်">ယူကာယုတ်</a>၏ မျိုးစုံမျိုးကွဲအဖုံဖုံ ကွဲပြားမှု </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: transparent"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" class="mw-redirect" title="မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA:Taxonomy/Life" title="ပြင်ဆင်"><img alt="ပြင်ဆင်" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Red_Pencil_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: transparent"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">နယ်ပယ်များ</a> နှင့် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)#Kingdoms_of_the_Eukaryota" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">မဟာအုပ်စုကြီးများ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>ကမ္ဘာမြေပေါ်မှ သက်ရှိများ: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလာပ်စည်း">ကလာပ်စည်း</a>များ မပါဝင်သောသက်ရှိများ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-cellular_life" class="extiw" title="en:Non-cellular life">Non-cellular life</a>)?<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>မှတ်စု ၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>မှတ်စု ၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်">ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</a>များ<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>မှတ်စု ၃<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>မှတ်စု ၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusoid" class="extiw" title="en:Virusoid">Virusoids</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroid" class="extiw" title="en:Viroid">Viroids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလာပ်စည်း">ကလာပ်စည်းဖြင့် သက်ရှိများ</a> <ul><li>ဒိုမိန်း <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဘက်တီးရီးယား">ဘက်တီးရီးယား</a></li> <li>ဒိုမိန်း <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အာခီးယာ">အာခီးယာ</a></li> <li>ဒိုမိန်း <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="ယူကာယုတ်">ယူကာယုတ်</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeplastida" class="extiw" title="en:Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အပင်">အပင်</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAR_supergroup" class="extiw" title="en:SAR supergroup">SAR</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excavata" class="extiw" title="en:Excavata">Excavata</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebozoa" class="extiw" title="en:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthokont" class="extiw" title="en:Opisthokont">Opisthokonta</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomycota" class="extiw" title="en:Holomycota">Holomycota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="မှို">မှို</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holozoa" class="extiw" title="en:Holozoa">Holozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="တိရစ္ဆာန်">တိရစ္ဆာန်</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>ရုပ်ဝတ္ထုတစ်ခု၌ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဆဲလ်အချက်ပြခြင်း (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ဆဲလ်အချက်ပြခြင်း</a>နှင့် <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ကိုယ်အားကိုယ်ကိုး ရှင်သန်ရပ်တည်နိုင်ခြင်း (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ကိုယ်အားကိုယ်ကိုး ရှင်သန်ရပ်တည်နိုင်ခြင်း</a>စသည့် <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များ</a> ပါရှိခြင်းသည် "သက်ရှိ"(ဖြစ်ခြင်း)၏ ဝိသေသလက္ခဏာဖြစ်သည်။ နှိုင်းယှဉ်ကြည့်လျှင် (သေဆုံးသွားသဖြင့်) ဤသို့သော <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များ</a> ရပ်တန့်သွားသောကြောင့်ဖြစ်စေ၊ ဤသို့သော <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များ</a>သည် ကနဦးကတည်းက လုံးဝကင်းမဲ့သောကြောင့်ဖြစ်စေ ၎င်း ရုပ်ဝတ္ထုများကို "သက်မဲ့"ဟု ခေါ်ဆိုနိုင်သည်။ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အပင်">အပင်</a>များ၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="တိရစ္ဆာန်">တိရစ္ဆာန်</a>များ၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="မှို">မှို</a>များ၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ပရုတ်တင့်စ် (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">ပရုတ်တင့်စ်</a>များ(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/protist" class="extiw" title="en:protist">protists</a>)၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="အာခိယာ">အာခိယာ</a>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/archea" class="extiw" title="en:archea">archea</a>)၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဘက်တီးရီးယား">ဘက်တီးရီးယား</a>အစရှိသဖြင့် သက်ရှိပုံစံအမျိုးမျိုး တည်ရှိသည်။ ဤသို့သော သက်ရှိများကို လေ့လာသည့် သိပ္ပံပညာရပ်ကို <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ">ဇီဝဗေဒ</a>ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ"><span id=".E1.80.A1.E1.80.93.E1.80.AD.E1.80.95.E1.80.B9.E1.80.95.E1.80.AC.E1.80.9A.E1.80.BA.E1.80.96.E1.80.BD.E1.80.84.E1.80.B7.E1.80.BA.E1.80.86.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.81.E1.80.BB.E1.80.80.E1.80.BA.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>သက်ရှိ</b>(ဖြစ်ခြင်း)၏ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်သည် သိပ္ပံပညာရှင်များနှင့် အတွေးအခေါ်ပညာရှင်များကို ကာလကြာရှည်စွာ စိန်ခေါ်နေသော အကြောင်းအရာတစ်ခုဖြစ်ပြီး၊ ကွဲပြားခြားနားသော အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်မျိုးစုံကို တွေ့ရှိနိုင်သည်။<sup id="cite_ref-Definitions_2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Definitions_2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emmeche1997_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmeche1997-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၃<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKay_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ဤသို့ဖြစ်ရခြင်းမှာ "သက်ရှိခြင်း"သည် ရုပ်ဝတ္ထုတစ်ခုမဟုတ်ပဲ၊ ဖြစ်စဉ်တစ်ခုဖြစ်နေသောကြောင့်လည်း တစ်ပိုင်းဖြစ်သည်။<sup id="cite_ref-DefinitionMotivation_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DefinitionMotivation-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၅<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SeedingBook_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeedingBook-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၆<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၇<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>ကမ္ဘာအပြင်ဘက်၌ရှိနေနိုင်သော သက်ရှိဝတ္ထုများ၏ ဝိသေသလက္ခဏာများအကြောင်းကို မသိရှိနိုင်သေးခြင်းကလည်း ဤအဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်ပြုရာ၌ ပိုမိုရှုပ်ထွေးလာစေသည်။ <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၈<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bioethics_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioethics-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၉<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဒဿနိကဗေဒ">ဒဿနိကဗေဒ</a>အားဖြင့် "သက်ရှိ"(ဖြစ်ခြင်း)၏ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များကို ထုတ်ဖော်ဖွင့်ဆိုကြရာ၌လည်း၊ အရာဝတ္ထုများကို သက်ရှိသက်မဲ့ခွဲခြားရာတွင် တခြားဗေဒများကဲ့သို့ပင် အခက်အခဲများတွေ့ကြသည်။<sup id="cite_ref-Jeuken1975_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeuken1975-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၀<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1" title="ဥပဒေ">တရားဥပဒေ</a>အားဖြင့် "သက်ရှိ"(ဖြစ်ခြင်း)၏ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များတွင် ယေဘုယျအားဖြင့် လူတစ်ယောက်ကို မည်သည့်အချိန်တွင် သေဆုံးသည်ဟု ကြေညာမည်ဟူသော ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်နှင့် ဤဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်၏ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1" title="ဥပဒေ">ဥပဒေ</a>အကြောင်းအရ အကျိုးဆက်များကို အဓိကအာရုံထားကာ ဖော်ပြကြပြီး၊ ဤအဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များအပေါ် အချေအတင်ဝေဖန်ဆွေးနွေးကြသည်။<sup id="cite_ref-Capron1978_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capron1978-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ဇီဝဗေဒ"><span id=".E1.80.87.E1.80.AE.E1.80.9D.E1.80.97.E1.80.B1.E1.80.92"></span>ဇီဝဗေဒ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ဇီဝဗေဒ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">အခြားကြည့်ရန်။ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="သက်ရှိရုပ်စု">သက်ရှိရုပ်စု</a></div> <p>"သက်ရှိ"၏ အများစုသဘောတူသော အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် အတိအကျမရှိသောကြောင့်၊ ဇီဝဗေဒဆိုင်ရာ သက်ရှိ၏ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်အများစုမှာ "သရုပ်ဖော်"(descriptive) ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်များသာ ဖြစ်သည်။ သက်ရှိသည် ၎င်းနေထိုင်သော သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်တစ်ခုအတွင်း၌ ၎င်း၏ ဖြစ်တည်မှုကို ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်း၊ တိုးမြှင့်ခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ပိုမိုခိုင်မာစေသောဟူသော ဝိသေသလက္ခဏာကို ပြသနိုင်မှုရှိသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ ဤဝိသေသလက္ခဏာ၌ အောက်ပါစရိုက်များအားလုံး သို့မဟုတ် အများစုကို မြင်နိုင်သည်။<sup id="cite_ref-McKay_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koshland_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koshland-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၃<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၅<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JBS-2012Feb_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBS-2012Feb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၆<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၇<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>ဟိုမီယာစတေးစစ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis" class="extiw" title="en:Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a>) = အမြဲတမ်း အတွင်းပတ်ဝန်းကျင် အခြေအနေကို ပုံသေဖြစ်နေရန် ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်း၊ ဥပမာ - ပူအိုက်ချိန်တွင် ချွေးများထွက်ခြင်းဖြင့် ကိုယ်တွင်းအပူချိန်ကို သဘာဝအတိုင်း လျှော့ချခြင်း</li> <li>ရုပ်ဖွဲ့စည်းမှု (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_organization" class="extiw" title="en:Biological organization">Organization</a>) = <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cell_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:cell (biology)">ဆဲလ်တစ်ခု</a> (သို့) တစ်ခုထက်ပိုသော သက်ရှိ၏ အခြေခံယူနစ်များဖြင့် ရုပ်ဖွဲ့စည်းမှု ရှိခြင်း</li> <li>ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" class="extiw" title="en:Metabolism">Metabolism</a>) = အဲန်နာဘော်လစ်စင်မ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anabolism" class="extiw" title="en:anabolism">anabolism</a>)ဟုခေါ်သော ဓာတုပစ္စည်းများကို စွမ်းအင်သုံး၍ ဆယ်လူလာ အစိတ်အပိုင်းများအဖြစ်သို့ ပြောင်းလဲခြင်းဟူသည့် ဇီဝဝတ္ထုပြုလုပ်ခြင်းဖြစ်စဉ်နှင့် ကက်တာဘော်လစ်စင်မ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/catabolism" class="extiw" title="en:catabolism">catabolism</a>)ဟုခေါ်သော အော်ဂဲနစ်ပစ္စည်းများကို ဖြိုခွဲကာ စွမ်းအင်ထုတ်လုပ်ခြင်းဟူသည့် ဇီဝဝတ္ထုဖြိုခွဲခြင်းဖြစ်စဉ်။ သက်ရှိအရာများသည် ဟိုမီယာစတေးစစ် (homeostasis)ဟုခေါ်သည့် အတွင်းပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ဟန်ချက်ညီမှုကို ထိန်းသိမ်းရန်နှင့် အသက်ရှင်ခြင်းနှင့်ဆက်စပ်သော အခြားဖြစ်ရပ်များကို ပြုလုပ်ရန် စွမ်းအင် လိုအပ်သည်။</li> <li>ကြီးထွားလာမှု (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growth" class="extiw" title="en:Cell growth">Growth</a>) = ဇီဝဝတ္ထုပြုလုပ်ခြင်းဖြစ်စဉ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anabolism" class="extiw" title="en:anabolism">anabolism</a>)ကို ဇီဝဝတ္ထုဖြိုခွဲခြင်းဖြစ်စဉ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/catabolism" class="extiw" title="en:catabolism">catabolism</a>)ထက် ပိုမြန်သောနှုန်းရှိရန် ထိန်းသိမ်းခြင်း။</li> <li>လိုက်လျောညီထွေဖြစ်အောင်ပြုပြင်ခြင်း (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation" class="extiw" title="en:Adaptation">Adaptation</a>) = မိမိသဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ပြောင်းလဲမှုအပေါ် တုံ့ပြန်မှုသည် တသမတ်တည်းမဟုတ်ပဲ လိုက်လျောညီထွေ ပြောင်းလဲနိုင်ခြင်း။ ဤစွမ်းရည်သည် ဆင့်ကဲတိုးတက် ပြောင်းလဲလာမှုရှိခြင်း ဖြစ်စဉ်(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/evolution" class="extiw" title="en:evolution">evolution</a>)၏ ပဓာနအခြေခံ ဖြစ်ပြီး၊ သက်ရှိများ၏ မျိုးရိုးလိုက်မှု (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/heredity" class="extiw" title="en:heredity">heredity</a>)၊ အစားအစာနှင့် ပြင်ပအချက်များကလည်း ၎င်းစွမ်းရည်အပေါ် သက်ရောက်ဆုံးဖြတ်မှု ရှိသည်။</li> <li>လှုံ့ဆော်မှုများကိုတုံ့ပြန်ခြင်း (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stimulus_(physiology)" class="extiw" title="en:stimulus (physiology)">Stimuli</a>) = တုံ့ပြန်မှုဆိုသည်မှာ ဆဲလ်တစ်ခုတည်းရှိ သက်ရှိရုပ်စု (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/unicellular_organism" class="extiw" title="en:unicellular organism">unicellular organism</a>)တစ်ကောင်၏ ပြင်ပဓာတုပစ္စည်းများ လာရောက်ထိတွေ့သည့်အခါ၌ ကျုံ့ခြင်းမှအစ၊ ဆဲလ်များစွာဖြင့်ဖွဲ့စည်းထားသော သက်ရှိရုပ်စုများ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/multicellular_organisms" class="extiw" title="en:multicellular organisms">multicellular organisms</a>) ၏ အာယတန (senses) အားလုံးပါဝင်သော ရှုပ်ထွေးသော တုံ့ပြန်မှုများအထိ ပါဝင်သည်။ အဆိုပါတုံ့ပြန်မှုတို့ကို ရွေ့လျားမှုအားအနေဖြင့် မကြာခဏ တွေ့ရတတ်သည်။ ဥပမာ၊ အပင်တစ်ပင်၏ အရွက်များသည် နေရောင်ခြည်ရှိရာသို့ ဦတည့်ခြင်းစသည့် အပင်အလင်းတုံ့ပြန်မှု သို့မဟုတ် ဖိုတိုတျိုပစ်စင်မ်(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/phototropism" class="extiw" title="en:phototropism">phototropism</a>)၊ သက်ရှိရုပ်စုများ၏ ဓာတုပစ္စည်းများအပေါ်တုံ့ပြန်မှု သို့မဟုတ် ကီမိုတပ်က်စစ် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chemotaxis" class="extiw" title="en:chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a>)။</li> <li>မျိုးပွားခြင်း (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction" class="extiw" title="en:Reproduction">Reproduction</a>) = တစ်ဦးတည်း သက်ရှိအသစ်များကို ထုတ်လုပ်နိုင်ခြင်း (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/asexual_reproduction" class="extiw" title="en:asexual reproduction">asexual reproduction</a>)၊ သို့မဟုတ် မိဘနှစ်ဦးမှ လိင်မှုပေါင်းစပ်ခြင်းဖြင့် သက်ရှိအသစ်များကို ထုတ်လုပ်နိုင်ခြင်း (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sexual_reproduction" class="extiw" title="en:sexual reproduction">sexual reproduction</a>)ဟူသော သက်ရှိအသစ်များ မျိုးပွားလာစေနိုင်မှု</li></ol> <p>ဇီဝကမ္မဆိုင်ရာ လုပ်ဆောင်မှုများ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology" class="extiw" title="en:Physiology">physiological functions</a>) ဟုခေါ်သော ဤရှုပ်ထွေးသော ဖြစ်စဉ်များတွင် ရုပ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာနှင့် ဓာတုဗေဒဆိုင်ရာဖြစ်စဉ်များအပေါ် အခြေခံပြီး၊ သက်ရှိဖြစ်တည်မှုကို ထိန်းသိမ်းရန် မရှိမဖြစ်လိုအပ်သော အချက်ပြခြင်းနှင့် ထိန်းချုပ်ခြင်း ယန္တရားများ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Signalling (biology)">signaling and control mechanisms</a>) ပါဝင်သည်။ </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Characteristics_of_life.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Characteristics_of_life.svg/220px-Characteristics_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Characteristics_of_life.svg/330px-Characteristics_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Characteristics_of_life.svg/440px-Characteristics_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>သက်ရှိ၏ ဝိသေသလက္ခဏာများ</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်"><span id=".E1.80.97.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.9B.E1.80.95.E1.80.BA.E1.80.85.E1.80.BA"></span>ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်">ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</a></div> <p><b>ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</b>များကို သက်ရှိဟု မှတ်ယူသင့်မသင့်မှာ အငြင်းပွားဖွယ် ဖြစ်သည်။ ၎င်းတို့ကို သက်ရှိပုံစံများ (forms of life)ဟု မှတ်ယူမည့်အစား ပုံတူပွားသူများ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication" class="extiw" title="en:DNA replication">replicators</a>) အဖြစ် အများအားဖြင့် ယူမှတ်ကြသည်။<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၈<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ၎င်းတို့သည် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87" title="မျိုးရိုးဗီဇ">မျိုးရိုးဗီဇ</a>ရုပ်များ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gene" class="extiw" title="en:gene">genes</a>)ကို ပိုင်ဆိုင်ထားခြင်း၊ သဘာဝရွေးချယ်ခြင်း (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection" class="extiw" title="en:Natural selection">Natural selection</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17914905_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17914905-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁၉<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forterre_2010_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forterre_2010-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂၀<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>ဖြင့် တဖြည်းဖြည်း တိုးတက်ပြောင်းလဲလာမှုရှိခြင်းတို့ကြောင့်လည်းကောင်း၊ ကိုယ်တိုင် ပုံစံတူကောင်များပွားခြင်း (self-assembly) ပုံစံတူကောင်များ ဖန်တီးလေ့ရှိခြင်းကြောင့်လည်းကောင်း၊ "သက်ရှိအုပ်စု အစွန်းပိုင်းရှိ သက်ရှိရုပ်စုများ" (organisms at the edge of life)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> အဖြစ်လည်း ဖော်ပြကြသည်။ သို့သော် ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်များသည် ဇီဝဖြစ်စဉ်များကို ကိုယ်တိုင်မဆောင်ရွက်နိုင်သဖြင့် ရှင်သန်ပွားများရန် အိမ်ရှင်ဆဲလ် လိုအပ်သည်။ အိမ်ရှင်ဆဲလ်များအတွင်းရှိ ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်တို့၏ မိမိကိုယ်တိုင် ပုံစံတူကောင်များပွားခြင်း (self-assembly)သည် သက်ရှိများ၏ မူလအစ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/origin_of_life" class="extiw" title="en:origin of life">origin of life</a>) ကိုလေ့လာမှုအပေါ် သက်ရောက်မှုရှိနေသည်။ အဘယ်ကြောင့်ဆိုသော် သက်ရှိများသည် ကိုယ်တိုင် မျိုးပွားနိုင်သော အော်ဂဲနစ်မော်လီကျူးများ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organic_molecules" class="extiw" title="en:organic molecules">organic molecules</a>) အနေနှင့် စတင်ခဲ့သည်ဟူသော အယူအဆကို အထောက်အကူပြုနိုင်ခြင်းကြောင့် ဖြစ်သည်။ <sup id="cite_ref-pmid16984643_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16984643-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂၃<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂၄<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg/220px-Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg/330px-Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg/440px-Adenovirus_transmission_electron_micrograph_B82-0142_lores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus" class="extiw" title="en:Adenovirus">အက်ဒနိုဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</a>ကို <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အီလက်ထရွန် အဏုကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း">အီလက်ထရွန် အဏုကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း</a>အောက်တွင် မြင်ရပုံ</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ_မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း"><span id=".E1.80.9E.E1.80.AD.E1.80.95.E1.80.B9.E1.80.95.E1.80.B6.E1.80.94.E1.80.8A.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.80.E1.80.BB_.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.B8.E1.80.9B.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.B8.E1.80.A1.E1.80.AF.E1.80.95.E1.80.BA.E1.80.85.E1.80.AF.E1.80.81.E1.80.BD.E1.80.B2.E1.80.81.E1.80.BC.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8.E1.80.81.E1.80.BC.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8"></span>သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ မျိုးရိုးအုပ်စုခွဲခြားခြင်း"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" class="mw-redirect" title="မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">မျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း (ဇီဝဗေဒ)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" title="lang=my"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langmy-150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langmy-225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langmy-300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_83b4829e32ce35eb" resource="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_83b4829e32ce35eb"><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" shape="rect" coords="63,9,141,36" alt="သက်ရှိ" title="သက်ရှိ" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" shape="rect" coords="63,49,141,75" alt="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" title="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" shape="rect" coords="63,89,141,115" alt="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" shape="rect" coords="63,128,141,154" alt="မျိုးပေါင်းစု" title="မျိုးပေါင်းစု" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" shape="rect" coords="63,168,141,194" alt="မျိုးပေါင်း" title="မျိုးပေါင်း" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" shape="rect" coords="63,208,141,234" alt="မျိုးစဉ်" title="မျိုးစဉ်" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" shape="rect" coords="63,247,141,273" alt="မျိုးရင်း" title="မျိုးရင်း" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" shape="rect" coords="63,287,141,313" alt="မျိုးစု" title="မျိုးစု" /><area href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" shape="rect" coords="63,326,141,353" alt="မျိုးစိတ်" title="မျိုးစိတ်" /></map><figcaption>(<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားခြင်း အဆင့်">ဇီဝမျိုးရိုးခွဲခြားမှုဆိုင်ရာ အဓိကအဆင့်</a>ကြီး) (၈)ဆင့် ရှိသည်။ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">သက်ရှိ</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" class="extiw" title="en:Life">Life</a>) အုပ်စုအောက်တွင် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="နယ်ပယ် (ဇီဝဗေဒ)">နယ်ပယ်</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Domain (biology)">domain</a>)များရှိပြီး၊ ၎င်းတို့ကို အခြားအုပ်စုငယ်များသို့ ထပ်ဆင့်ခွဲထားသည်။ အခြား အဆင့်ခွဲငယ်များကို ဤနေရာတွင် မပြပါ။</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="မှတ်စုများ"><span id=".E1.80.99.E1.80.BE.E1.80.90.E1.80.BA.E1.80.85.E1.80.AF.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>မှတ်စုများ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - မှတ်စုများ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r723126">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်များနှင့် ၎င်းနှင့်ပုံစံတူ သက်ရှိများ၏ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="အီဗော်လူးရှင်း">အီဗော်လူးရှင်း</a>("evolution")နှင့် မျိုးတူစုခြင်းသည် အခုအချိန်အထိ တိကျသေချာမှု မရှိသေးပေ။ ထိုကြောင့် အကယ်၍ ကလာပ်စည်းပါသက်ရှိသည် ကလာပ်စည်းမပါသက်ရှိမှ ဆင့်ကဲပြောင်းလဲလာခဲ့လျှင် ဤအုပ်စုဖွဲ့မှုကို <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphyly" class="extiw" title="en:Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a>ဟုခေါ်နိုင်သည်။ အကယ်၍ အနီးစပ်ဆုံးဖြစ်ပြီး ဘုံဖြစ်သော ဘိုးဘေးဘီဘင်(common ancestor)ကို မထည့်ခဲ့လျှင် ဤအုပ်စုဖွဲ့မှုကို <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphyly" class="extiw" title="en:Polyphyly">polyphyletic</a>ဟု ခေါ်သည်။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ကူးစက်တတ်သော <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပရိုတိန်း">ပရိုတိန်း</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="မော်လီကျူး">မော်လီကျူး</a>များဖြစ်သည့် <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/prion" class="extiw" title="en:prion">prion</a>များကို <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="သက်ရှိရုပ်စု">သက်ရှိရုပ်စု</a>အဖြစ် မှတ်ယူလေ့မရှိပါ၊ ၎င်းတို့ကို <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="သက်ရှိရုပ်စု">သက်ရှိရုပ်စု</a>ကဲ့သို့သော အော်ဂဲနစ်ဝတ္ထုပုံစံများ(organic structures)ဟုသာ ဖော်ပြကြသည်။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">အချို့ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="သက်ရှိရုပ်စု">သက်ရှိရုပ်စု</a>ကဲ့သို့သော အော်ဂဲနစ်ဝတ္ထုပုံစံများကို <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/subviral_agents" class="extiw" title="en:subviral agents">subviral agents</a>ဟု ယူဆကြသည်။ ဤအုပ်စုတွင် ပုံတူပွားနိုင်ရန် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်">ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</a>အပေါ်မှီခိုသည့် (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/helper_virus" class="extiw" title="en:helper virus">အခြားဗိုင်းရပ်စ်</a>များကို လိုအပ်သော) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/satellite_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:satellite (biology)">satellite</a>များနှင့် <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/defective_interfering_particle" class="extiw" title="en:defective interfering particle">defective interfering particle</a>များ ပါဝင်သည်။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ဗိုင်းရပ်များသည် ဘုံဘိုးဘေးမှဆင်းသက်လာခြင်းမရှိဟု ခိုင်ခိုင်မာမာယုံကြည်ကြပြီး ဖြစ်တည်မှု ဘုံ(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_(virology)" class="extiw" title="en:Realm (virology)">realm</a>)တစ်ခုစီသည် ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်၏ သီးခြားဖြစ်ရပ်များနှင့် သက်ဆိုင်ပါသည်။<sup id="cite_ref-exec_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ကိုးကား"><span id=".E1.80.80.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.B8.E1.80.80.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ကိုးကား</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ကိုးကား"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r723126"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-exec-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-exec_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee (May 2020). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7186216">The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks</a>". <i>Nat Microbiol</i> <b>5</b> (5): 668–674. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41564-020-0709-x">10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32341570?dopt=Abstract">PMID 32341570</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+Scope+of+Virus+Taxonomy%3A+Partitioning+the+Virosphere+Into+15+Hierarchical+Ranks&rft.jtitle=Nat+Microbiol&rft.date=May+2020&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.au=International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses+Executive+Committee&rft.pages=668%E2%80%93674&rft_id=info:pmid/32341570&rft_id=info:pmc/7186216&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41564-020-0709-x"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Definitions_2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Definitions_2009_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Tsokolov, Serhiy A. (May 2009). "Why Is the Definition of Life So Elusive? Epistemological Considerations". <i>Astrobiology</i> <b>9</b> (4): 401–12. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Fast.2007.0201">10.1089/ast.2007.0201</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19519215?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19519215</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AsBio...9..401T">2009AsBio...9..401T</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Is+the+Definition+of+Life+So+Elusive%3F+Epistemological+Considerations&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.date=May+2009&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Tsokolov&rft.aufirst=Serhiy+A.&rft.pages=401%E2%80%9312&rft_id=info:pmid/19519215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1089%2Fast.2007.0201"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmeche1997-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emmeche1997_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314095044/http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/cePubl/97e.defLife.v3f.html">Defining Life, Explaining Emergence</a>။ Niels Bohr Institute (1997)။ 14 March 2012 တွင် <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/cePubl/97e.defLife.v3f.html">မူရင်း</a>အား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။  25 May 2012 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKay-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McKay_8-0">၄.၀</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McKay_8-1">၄.၁</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">McKay, Chris P. (14 September 2004). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=516796">What Is Life—and How Do We Search for It in Other Worlds?</a>". <i>PLOS Biology</i> <b>2</b> (9). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0020302">10.1371/journal.pbio.0020302</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15367939?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15367939</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Is+Life%E2%80%94and+How+Do+We+Search+for+It+in+Other+Worlds%3F&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.date=14+September+2004&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Chris+P.&rft_id=info:pmid/15367939&rft_id=info:pmc/516796&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0020302"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DefinitionMotivation-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DefinitionMotivation_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Mautner, Michael N. (1997). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf">Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds</a>". <i>Journal of the British Interplanetary Society</i> <b>50</b>: 93–102. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JBIS...50...93M">1997JBIS...50...93M</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Directed+panspermia.+3.+Strategies+and+motivation+for+seeding+star-forming+clouds&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Interplanetary+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.volume=50&rft.aulast=Mautner&rft.aufirst=Michael+N.&rft.pages=93%E2%80%93102&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro-ecology.com%2FPDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeedingBook-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SeedingBook_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMautner2000" class="citation book cs1">Mautner၊ Michael N. (2000)။ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf"><i>Seeding the Universe with Life: Securing Our Cosmological Future</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>။ Washington D.C.။ <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8/978-0-476-00330-9" title="အထူး:မှီငြမ်းစာအုပ်များ/978-0-476-00330-9"><bdi>978-0-476-00330-9</bdi></a>။ 2 နိုဝင်ဘာ 2012 တွင် မူရင်းမှ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064713/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf">မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> ။</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeding+the+Universe+with+Life%3A+Securing+Our+Cosmological+Future&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-476-00330-9&rft.aulast=Mautner&rft.aufirst=Michael+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro-ecology.com%2FPDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r567839">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">McKay, Chris (18 September 2014). "What is life? It's a Tricky, Often Confusing Question". <i>Astrobiology Magazine</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+life%3F+It%27s+a+Tricky%2C+Often+Confusing+Question&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology+Magazine&rft.date=18+September+2014&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Chris"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/7r10hqn3rp1g1vag/fulltext.pdf">Life: past, present and future</a>"  (December 1999). <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_of_London_B" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B</a></i> <b>354</b> (1392): 1923–39. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.1999.0532">10.1098/rstb.1999.0532</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10670014?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10670014</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">PMC</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1692713">1692713</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Life%3A+past%2C+present+and+future&rft.jtitle=%5B%5B%3Aen%3APhilosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+B%7CPhilosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+B%5D%5D&rft.date=December+1999&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=1392&rft.pages=1923%E2%80%9339&rft_id=info:pmid/10670014&rft_id=info:pmc/1692713&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frstb.1999.0532&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.royalsociety.org%2Fcontent%2F7r10hqn3rp1g1vag%2Ffulltext.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bioethics-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bioethics_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Mautner, Michael N. (2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf">Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space</a>". <i>Bioethics</i> <b>23</b> (8): 433–40. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8519.2008.00688.x">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00688.x</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19077128?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19077128</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Life-centered+ethics%2C+and+the+human+future+in+space&rft.jtitle=Bioethics&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.aulast=Mautner&rft.aufirst=Michael+N.&rft.pages=433%E2%80%9340&rft_id=info:pmid/19077128&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8519.2008.00688.x&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro-ecology.com%2FPDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeuken1975-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jeuken1975_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Jeuken M (1975). "The biological and philosophical defitions of life". <i>Acta Biotheoretica</i> <b>24</b> (1–2): 14–21. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01556737">10.1007/BF01556737</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/811024?dopt=Abstract">PMID 811024</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+biological+and+philosophical+defitions+of+life&rft.jtitle=Acta+Biotheoretica&rft.date=1975&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.au=Jeuken+M&rft.pages=14%E2%80%9321&rft_id=info:pmid/811024&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01556737"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capron1978-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Capron1978_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Capron AM (1978). "Legal definition of death". <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</i> <b>315</b> (1): 349–62. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1978.tb50352.x">10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb50352.x</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/284746?dopt=Abstract">PMID 284746</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978NYASA.315..349C">1978NYASA.315..349C</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legal+definition+of+death&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1978&rft.volume=315&rft.issue=1&rft.au=Capron+AM&rft.pages=349%E2%80%9362&rft_id=info:pmid/284746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1978.tb50352.x"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koshland-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Koshland_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. (22 March 2002). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2002-03-22_295_5563/page/2215">The Seven Pillars of Life</a>". <i>Science</i> <b>295</b> (5563): 2215–16. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1068489">10.1126/science.1068489</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910092?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11910092</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Seven+Pillars+of+Life&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.date=22+March+2002&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=5563&rft.aulast=Koshland%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft.pages=2215%E2%80%9316&rft_id=info:pmid/11910092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1068489&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_science_2002-03-22_295_5563%2Fpage%2F2215"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"life"။ <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (4th ed.)။ Houghton Mifflin။ 2006။ <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8/978-0-618-70173-5" title="အထူး:မှီငြမ်းစာအုပ်များ/978-0-618-70173-5"><bdi>978-0-618-70173-5</bdi></a>။</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=life&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-618-70173-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmy.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r567839"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110042620/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/life">Life</a>။ Merriam-Webster Dictionary။ 10 November 2016 တွင် <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/life">မူရင်း</a>အား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။  12 November 2016 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416114923/http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/mars141.php">Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?</a>။ The University of Arizona။ 16 April 2014 တွင် <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/mars141.php">မူရင်း</a>အား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။  6 June 2013 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JBS-2012Feb-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JBS-2012Feb_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Trifonov, Edward N. (2012). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbsdonline.com/mc_images/category/4317/21-trifonov-jbsd_29_4_2012.pdf">Definition of Life: Navigation through Uncertainties</a>". <i>Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics</i> <b>29</b> (4): 647–50. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F073911012010525017">10.1080/073911012010525017</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0739-1102">0739-1102</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22208269?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22208269</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=12_January_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12 January 2012 (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">12 January 2012</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Life%3A+Navigation+through+Uncertainties&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomolecular+Structure+%26+Dynamics&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Trifonov&rft.aufirst=Edward+N.&rft.pages=647%E2%80%9350&rft.issn=0739-1102&rft_id=info:pmid/22208269&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F073911012010525017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbsdonline.com%2Fmc_images%2Fcategory%2F4317%2F21-trifonov-jbsd_29_4_2012.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127142426/http://www.jbsdonline.com/mc_images/category/4317/21-trifonov-jbsd_29_4_2012.pdf">Archived</a> 27 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127142426/http://www.jbsdonline.com/mc_images/category/4317/21-trifonov-jbsd_29_4_2012.pdf">မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီးမိတ္တူ</a>။ 27 January 2012 တွင် <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbsdonline.com/mc_images/category/4317/21-trifonov-jbsd_29_4_2012.pdf">မူရင်း</a>အား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။  25 September 2020 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmer၊ Carl။ "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414085107/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45963181/ns/technology_and_science#.WCcX-snQf0w">Can scientists define 'life' ... using just three words?</a>"၊ <i>NBC News</i>၊ 11 January 2012။ Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/45963181/ns/technology_and_science/#.WCcX-snQf0w">the original</a> on 14 April 2016။<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.title=Can+scientists+define+%27life%27+...+using+just+three+words%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F45963181%2Fns%2Ftechnology_and_science%2F%23.WCcX-snQf0w&rft.source=NBC+News&rft.date=11+January+2012"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5406846">Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question</a>"  (7 March 2016). <i>Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci</i> <b>59</b>: 125–34. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.shpsc.2016.02.016">10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965225?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26965225</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Are+viruses+alive%3F+The+replicator+paradigm+sheds+decisive+light+on+an+old+but+misguided+question&rft.jtitle=Stud+Hist+Philos+Biol+Biomed+Sci&rft.date=7+March+2016&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=125%E2%80%9334&rft_id=info:pmid/26965225&rft_id=info:pmc/5406846&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.shpsc.2016.02.016"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17914905-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17914905_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1994994">Viral evolution in the genomic age</a>"  (October 2007). <i>PLOS Biol.</i> <b>5</b> (10): e278. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050278">10.1371/journal.pbio.0050278</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914905?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17914905</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Viral+evolution+in+the+genomic+age&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biol.&rft.date=October+2007&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e278&rft_id=info:pmid/17914905&rft_id=info:pmc/1994994&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050278"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forterre_2010-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Forterre_2010_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Forterre, Patrick (3 March 2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2837877">Defining Life: The Virus Viewpoint</a>". <i>Orig Life Evol Biosph</i> <b>40</b> (2): 151–60. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11084-010-9194-1">10.1007/s11084-010-9194-1</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20198436?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20198436</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010OLEB...40..151F">2010OLEB...40..151F</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Defining+Life%3A+The+Virus+Viewpoint&rft.jtitle=Orig+Life+Evol+Biosph&rft.date=3+March+2010&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Forterre&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.pages=151%E2%80%9360&rft_id=info:pmid/20198436&rft_id=info:pmc/2837877&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11084-010-9194-1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Rybicki, EP (1990). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_south-african-journal-of-science_1990-04_86_4/page/182">The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics</a>". <i>S Afr J Sci</i> <b>86</b>: 182–86.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+classification+of+organisms+at+the+edge+of+life%2C+or+problems+with+virus+systematics&rft.jtitle=S+Afr+J+Sci&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=86&rft.aulast=Rybicki&rft.aufirst=EP&rft.pages=182%E2%80%9386&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_south-african-journal-of-science_1990-04_86_4%2Fpage%2F182"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16984643-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16984643_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1594570">The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells</a>"  (2006). <i>Biology Direct</i> <b>1</b>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1745-6150-1-29">10.1186/1745-6150-1-29</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16984643?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16984643</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+ancient+Virus+World+and+evolution+of+cells&rft.jtitle=Biology+Direct&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=1&rft_id=info:pmid/16984643&rft_id=info:pmc/1594570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1745-6150-1-29"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rybicki၊ Ed (November 1997)။ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090509094459/http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/virorig.html#Virus%20Origins">Origins of Viruses</a>။ 9 May 2009 တွင် <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/virorig.html#Virus%20Origins">မူရင်း</a>အား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။  12 April 2009 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917183158/http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/5015/giant-viruses-shake-up-tree-of-life">Giant Viruses Shake Up Tree of Life</a>"၊ <i>Astrobiology Magazine</i>၊ 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">။ 25 September 2020 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး</span>။ Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/5015/giant-viruses-shake-up-tree-of-life">the original</a> on 17 September 2012။<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News&rft.title=Giant+Viruses+Shake+Up+Tree+of+Life&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrobio.net%2Fpressrelease%2F5015%2Fgiant-viruses-shake-up-tree-of-life&rft.source=Astrobiology+Magazine&rft.date=15+September+2012"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/30px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/45px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/60px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td><td><i>ဤ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ">ဇီဝဗေဒ</a>နှင့် သက်ဆိုင်သော ဆောင်းပါးမှာ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:Stub" class="mw-redirect" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:Stub">ဆောင်းပါးတို</a>တစ်ပုဒ် ဖြစ်သည်။ <a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&action=edit">ဖြည့်စွက်ရေးသားခြင်း</a>ဖြင့် မြန်မာဝီကီပီးဒီးယားကို ကူညီပါ။</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636027">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-ကြည့်ရှု"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA:Biology-stub" title="တမ်းပလိတ်:Biology-stub"><abbr title="ဤတမ်းပလိတ်ကို ကြည့်ရန်">ရှု</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ဆွေးနွေး"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:Biology-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="တမ်းပလိတ် ဆွေးနွေးချက်:Biology-stub (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)"><abbr title="ဤတမ်းပလိတ်ကို ဆွေးနွေးရန်">ပြော</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ပြင်ဆင်"><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA:Biology-stub&action=edit"><abbr title="ဤတမ်းပလိတ်ကို ပြင်ဆင်ရန်">ပြင်</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=သက်ရှိ&oldid=849668">https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=သက်ရှိ&oldid=849668</a>" မှ ရယူရန်</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အထူး:ကဏ္ဍများ">ကဏ္ဍများ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:Taxoboxes_with_no_color&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ကဏ္ဍ:Taxoboxes with no color (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Taxoboxes with no color</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကဏ္ဍ:အသက်">အသက်</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကဏ္ဍ:ပင်မ အကြောင်းအရာ ဆောင်းပါးများ">ပင်မ အကြောင်းအရာ ဆောင်းပါးများ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကဏ္ဍ:ဇီဝဗေဒ ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ">ဇီဝဗေဒ ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">ဝှက်ထားသော ကဏ္ဍများ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="ကဏ္ဍ:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:Pages_using_PMID_magic_links" title="ကဏ္ဍ:Pages using PMID magic links">Pages using PMID magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကဏ္ဍ:ဖော်ပြချက်တို ပါဝင်သော ဆောင်းပါးများ">ဖော်ပြချက်တို ပါဝင်သော ဆောင်းပါးများ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကဏ္ဍ:ဝီကီဒေတာနှင့် ကွဲပြားသော ဖော်ပြချက်တိုများ">ဝီကီဒေတာနှင့် ကွဲပြားသော ဖော်ပြချက်တိုများ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="ကဏ္ဍ:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D:%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8" title="ကဏ္ဍ:ဆောင်းပါးတိုအားလုံး">ဆောင်းပါးတိုအားလုံး</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ဤစာမျက်နှာကို ၂၆ အောက်တိုဘာ ၂၀၂၄၊ ၁၂:၁၅ အချိန်တွင် နောက်ဆုံး ပြင်ဆင်ခဲ့သည်။</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">စာသားများကို <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike လိုင်စင်</a>ဖြင့် ရရှိနိုင်ပြီး ထပ်ဆောင်းသတ်မှတ်ချက်များ ရှိနိုင်သည်။ အသေးစိတ်အတွက် <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">အသုံးပြုခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ သတ်မှတ်ချက်များ</a>တွင် ကြည့်ပါ။</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ကိုယ်ပိုင်ရေးရာ မူဝါဒ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC">ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား အကြောင်း</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AF%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA">သတိပြုစရာများ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲလ်တီထွင်ရေးသားသူများ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/my.wikipedia.org">စာရင်းအင်း</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ကွတ်ကီး ထုတ်ပြန်ချက်</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//my.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">မိုလ်ဘိုင်း</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-g7jxx","wgBackendResponseTime":264,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.500","walltime":"0.692","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14011,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":109149,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":52851,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":53480,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 624.823 1 -total"," 38.61% 241.274 1 တမ်းပလိတ်:Automatic_taxobox"," 37.08% 231.677 1 တမ်းပလိတ်:Taxobox/core"," 32.36% 202.177 2 တမ်းပလိတ်:Reflist"," 17.11% 106.929 1 တမ်းပလိတ်:Long_fossil_range"," 15.75% 98.434 1 တမ်းပလိတ်:All_time_250px"," 15.04% 94.001 15 တမ်းပလိတ်:Long_fossil_range/bar_250"," 12.99% 81.165 2 တမ်းပလိတ်:Cite_book"," 12.60% 78.740 1 တမ်းပလိတ်:Short_description"," 8.85% 55.271 91 တမ်းပလိတ်:Period_start"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.165","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4230042,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-4s72h","timestamp":"20241118081220","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d","url":"https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u101d\u102e\u1000\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1012\u102e\u101a\u102c \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-10-25T13:01:59Z","dateModified":"2024-10-26T12:15:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dd\/Diversidad_procariota.PNG","headline":"\u1007\u102e\u1040\u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a"}</script> </body> </html>