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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Genome </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_and_naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_and_naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Discovery and naming </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discovery_and_naming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Discovery and naming subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Discovery_and_naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Discovery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Naming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Threats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Around the world </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Around the world subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Italy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_and_Central_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_and_Central_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Northern and Central Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_and_Central_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_and_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_and_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 United States and Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_and_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Record_trees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_trees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Record trees </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Record_trees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Record trees subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Record_trees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_by_trunk_volume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_by_trunk_volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Largest by trunk volume </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_by_trunk_volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tallest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tallest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Tallest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tallest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oldest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Oldest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greatest_girth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greatest_girth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Greatest girth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greatest_girth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greatest_base_diameter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greatest_base_diameter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Greatest base diameter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greatest_base_diameter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greatest_mean_diameter_at_breast_height" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greatest_mean_diameter_at_breast_height"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Greatest mean diameter at breast height </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greatest_mean_diameter_at_breast_height-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_limb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_limb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.7 Largest limb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_limb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thickest_bark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thickest_bark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.8 Thickest bark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thickest_bark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sequoiadendron giganteum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" > 65 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9" title="سيكويا عملاقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيكويا عملاقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99h%C9%99ng_sekvoyadendron" title="Nəhəng sekvoyadendron – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəhəng sekvoyadendron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Секвоядэндран – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Секвоядэндран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Гигантска секвоя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гигантска секвоя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_gegant" title="Sequoia gegant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sequoia gegant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekvojovec_obrovsk%C3%BD" title="Sekvojovec obrovský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sekvojovec obrovský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welingtonia" title="Welingtonia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Welingtonia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuttr%C3%A6" title="Mammuttræ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mammuttræ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesenmammutbaum" title="Riesenmammutbaum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Riesenmammutbaum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelicki_mamutowy_bom" title="Wjelicki mamutowy bom – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wjelicki mamutowy bom" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammutipuu" title="Mammutipuu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mammutipuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Σεκοϊάδενδρο το γιγαντιαίο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεκοϊάδενδρο το γιγαντιαίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekvojadendro" title="Sekvojadendro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sekvojadendro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekuoia_erraldoi" title="Sekuoia erraldoi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sekuoia erraldoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="درخت سکویا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت سکویا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9quoia_g%C3%A9ant" title="Séquoia géant – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séquoia géant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_xigante" title="Sequoia xigante – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sequoia xigante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EC%82%BC%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="거삼나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="거삼나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սեքվոյադենդրոն հսկայական – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեքվոյադենդրոն հսկայական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoberski_%C5%BEerowc" title="Hoberski žerowc – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hoberski žerowc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golemi_mamutovac" title="Golemi mamutovac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Golemi mamutovac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoyo" title="Sequoyo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sequoyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjallarau%C3%B0vi%C3%B0ur" title="Fjallarauðviður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjallarauðviður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סקוויה ענקית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקוויה ענקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სეკვოიადენდრონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეკვოიადენდრონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Секвойядендрон – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Секвойядендрон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Секвойядендрон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Секвойядендрон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron" title="Sequoiadendron – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sequoiadendron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didysis_mamutmedis" title="Didysis mamutmedis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didysis mamutmedis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ri%C3%A1s_mamutfeny%C5%91" title="Óriás mamutfenyő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Óriás mamutfenyő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Џиновска секвоја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џиновска секвоја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%87" title="سيكويا عملاقه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيكويا عملاقه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoetboom" title="Mammoetboom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mammoetboom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="セコイアデンドロン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セコイアデンドロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuttre" title="Mammuttre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mammuttre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuttre" title="Mammuttre – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mammuttre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Секвойядендрон – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Секвойядендрон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_giganteum" title="Sequoia giganteum – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sequoia giganteum" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamutowiec_olbrzymi" title="Mamutowiec olbrzymi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mamutowiec olbrzymi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Секвойядендрон гигантский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Секвойядендрон гигантский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekvojovec" title="Sekvojovec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sekvojovec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamutovec" title="Mamutovec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mamutovec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Џиновска секвоја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џиновска секвоја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuttipet%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Mammuttipetäjä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mammuttipetäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuttr%C3%A4d" title="Mammutträd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mammutträd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பெரு மரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரு மரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut_A%C4%9Fac%C4%B1" title="Mamut Ağacı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mamut Ağacı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Секвойядендрон – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Секвойядендрон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Мамонтове дерево велетенське – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мамонтове дерево велетенське" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%B1_sam" title="Cự sam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cự sam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoetb%C3%B4om" title="Mammoetbôom – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Mammoetbôom" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sequoiadendron giganteum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E6%9D%89" title="巨杉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巨杉" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Species of tree native to North America</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Sequoiadendron giganteum </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg/220px-Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg/330px-Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg/440px-Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="2896" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">The "<a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Giant" title="Grizzly Giant">Grizzly Giant</a>" in the <a href="/wiki/Mariposa_Grove" title="Mariposa Grove">Mariposa Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /> <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/220px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/330px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/440px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /> Vulnerable  (<a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Sequoiadendron" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnospermae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Division: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">Pinophyta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">Pinopsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cupressales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupressales">Cupressales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cupressaceae" title="Cupressaceae">Cupressaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron" title="Sequoiadendron">Sequoiadendron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">S. giganteum</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Sequoiadendron giganteum <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">Lindl.</a>) <a href="/wiki/John_Theodore_Buchholz" title="John Theodore Buchholz">J.Buchh.</a>, 1939</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png/220px-Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png/330px-Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png/440px-Sequoia_Sequoiadendron_range_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="1871" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Natural range of the California members of the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Sequoioideae" title="Sequoioideae">Sequoioideae</a> <div style="background-color:#ee9090">red – Sequoiadendron giganteum</div> <div style="background-color:#90ee90">green – <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">Sequoia sempervirens</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> Sequoiadendron giganteum, also known as the giant sequoia, giant redwood, Sierra redwood or Wellingtonia is a <a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">coniferous</a> <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a>, classified in the family <a href="/wiki/Cupressaceae" title="Cupressaceae">Cupressaceae</a> in the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Sequoioideae" title="Sequoioideae">Sequoioideae</a>. Giant sequoia specimens are the most massive trees on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-usda-3">[3]</a> They are native to the groves on the western slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> mountain range of California but have been introduced, planted, and grown around the world. The giant sequoia is listed as an <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">IUCN</a> with fewer than 80,000 remaining in its native California. The tree was introduced to the U.K. in 1853, and by now might have 5,000 mature trees growing there where it is more commonly known as Wellingtonia after the Duke of Wellington. The giant sequoia grow to an average height of 50–85 m (164–279 ft) with trunk diameters ranging from 6–8 m (20–26 ft). Record trees have been measured at 94.8 m (311 ft) tall. The specimen known to have the greatest diameter at breast height is the <a href="/wiki/General_Grant_(tree)" title="General Grant (tree)">General Grant tree</a> at 8.8 m (28.9 ft). Giant sequoias are among the oldest living organisms on Earth. The oldest known giant sequoia is 3,200–3,266 years old. Wood from mature giant sequoias is fibrous and brittle; trees would often shatter after they were felled. The wood was unsuitable for construction and instead used for fence posts or match sticks. The giant sequoia is a very popular <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental tree">ornamental tree</a> in many parts of the world. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The etymology of the genus name was long presumed—initially in The Yosemite Book by <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Whitney" title="Josiah Whitney">Josiah Whitney</a> in 1868<a href="#cite_note-cnps1-4">[4]</a>—to be in honor of <a href="/wiki/Sequoyah" title="Sequoyah">Sequoyah</a> (1767–1843), who was the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee syllabary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-natcomp-5">[5]</a> An etymological study published in 2012 debunked that "American myth," concluding that Austrian <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Endlicher" title="Stephan Endlicher">Stephen L. Endlicher</a> derived the name from the Latin word sequi (meaning to follow), because the number of seeds per cone in the newly classified genus aligned in mathematical sequence with the other four genera in the suborder.<a href="#cite_note-cnps2-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> Giant sequoia specimens are the most massive individual trees in the world.<a href="#cite_note-usda-3">[3]</a> They grow to an average height of 50–85 m (164–279 ft) with trunk diameters ranging from 6–8 m (20–26 ft). Record trees have been measured at 94.8 m (311 ft) tall. Trunk diameters of 17 m (56 ft) have been claimed via research figures taken out of context.<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a> The specimen known to have the greatest <a href="/wiki/Diameter_at_breast_height" title="Diameter at breast height">diameter at breast height</a> is the <a href="/wiki/General_Grant_(tree)" title="General Grant (tree)">General Grant tree</a> at 8.8 m (28.9 ft).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Between 2014 and 2016, it is claimed that specimens of <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">coast redwood</a> were found to have greater trunk diameters than all known giant sequoias - though this has not been independently verified or affirmed in any academic literature.<a href="#cite_note-mdvaden.com-9">[9]</a> The trunks of coast redwoods taper at lower heights than those of giant sequoias which have more columnar trunks that maintain larger diameters to greater heights. The oldest known giant sequoia is 3,200–3,266 years old based on <a href="/wiki/Dendrochronology" title="Dendrochronology">dendrochronology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> That tree has been verified to have the fourth-largest lifespan of any tree, after individuals of <a href="/wiki/Pinus_longaeva" title="Pinus longaeva">Great Basin bristlecone pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fitzroya_cupressoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzroya cupressoides">alerce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RMTRR-12">[12]</a> Giant sequoia bark is fibrous, furrowed, and may be 90 cm (3 ft) thick at the base of the columnar trunk. The sap contains <a href="/wiki/Tannic_acid" title="Tannic acid">tannic acid</a>, which provides significant protection from fire damage.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The leaves are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>, awl-shaped, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>3–6 mm (1⁄8–1⁄4 in) long, and arranged spirally on the shoots. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sequoiadendron_giganteum_MHNT.BOT.2004.0.191_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="3404" /></a><figcaption>Mature cones and seed</figcaption></figure> The giant sequoia regenerates by <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a>. The seed <a href="/wiki/Conifer_cone" title="Conifer cone">cones</a> are <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4–7 cm (1+1⁄2–3 in) long and mature in 18–20 months, though they typically remain green and closed for as long as 20 years. Each cone has 30–50 spirally arranged scales, with several seeds on each scale, giving an average of 230 seeds per cone. Seeds are dark brown, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long, and 1 mm (0.04 in) broad, with a 1-millimeter (0.04 in) wide, yellow-brown wing along each side. Some seeds shed when the cone scales shrink during hot weather in late summer, but most are liberated by insect damage or when the cone dries from the heat of fire. The trees do not begin to bear cones until they are 12 years old. Trees may produce sprouts from their stumps subsequent to injury, until about 20 years old; however, shoots do not form on the stumps of more mature trees as they do on coast redwoods. Giant sequoias of all ages may sprout from their <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(botany)" title="Trunk (botany)">boles</a> when branches are lost to fire or breakage. A large tree may have as many as 11,000 cones. Cone production is greatest in the upper portion of the canopy. A mature giant sequoia disperses an estimated 300,000–400,000 seeds annually. The winged seeds may fly as far as 180 m (590 ft) from the parent tree. Lower branches die readily from being shaded, but trees younger than 100 years retain most of their dead branches. Trunks of mature trees in groves are generally free of branches to a height of 20–50 m (70–160 ft), but solitary trees retain lower branches. <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A014,_Sequoia_National_Park,_California,_USA,_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/A014%2C_Sequoia_National_Park%2C_California%2C_USA%2C_1998.jpg/220px-A014%2C_Sequoia_National_Park%2C_California%2C_USA%2C_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/A014%2C_Sequoia_National_Park%2C_California%2C_USA%2C_1998.jpg/330px-A014%2C_Sequoia_National_Park%2C_California%2C_USA%2C_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/A014%2C_Sequoia_National_Park%2C_California%2C_USA%2C_1998.jpg/440px-A014%2C_Sequoia_National_Park%2C_California%2C_USA%2C_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Generals_Highway" title="Generals Highway">Generals Highway</a> passes between giant sequoias in <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia National Park</a></figcaption></figure> The natural distribution of giant sequoias is restricted to a limited area of the western <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Paleoendemism" title="Paleoendemism">paleoendemic</a> species,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> they occur in scattered groves, with a total of 81 groves (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_sequoia_groves" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sequoia groves">list of sequoia groves</a> for a full inventory), comprising a total area of only 144.16 km2 (35,620 acres). Nowhere does it grow in pure stands, although in a few small areas, stands do approach a pure condition. The northern two-thirds of its range, from the <a href="/wiki/American_River" title="American River">American River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer County</a> southward to the <a href="/wiki/Kings_River_(California)" title="Kings River (California)">Kings River</a>, has only eight disjunct groves. The remaining southern groves are concentrated between the Kings River and the Deer Creek Grove in southern <a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare County</a>. Groves range in size from 12.4 km2 (3,100 acres) with 20,000 mature trees, to small groves with only six living trees. Many are protected in <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon National Parks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia_National_Monument" title="Giant Sequoia National Monument">Giant Sequoia National Monument</a>. The giant sequoia is usually found in a humid climate characterized by dry summers and <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snowy</a> winters. Most giant sequoia groves are on granitic-based residual and <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> soils. The elevation of the giant sequoia groves generally ranges from 1,400–2,000 m (4,600–6,600 ft) in the north, to 1,700–2,150 metres (5,580–7,050 ft) to the south. Giant sequoias generally occur on the south-facing sides of northern mountains, and on the northern faces of more southerly slopes. High levels of reproduction are not necessary to maintain the present population levels. Few groves, however, have sufficient young trees to maintain the present density of mature giant sequoias for the future. The majority of giant sequoia groves are currently undergoing a gradual decline in density since European settlement. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-historic_range">Pre-historic range</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-historic range">edit</a>]</div> While the present day distribution of this species is limited to a small area of California, it was once much more widely distributed in prehistoric times, and was a reasonably common species in North American and Eurasian coniferous forests until its range was greatly reduced by the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>. Older fossil specimens reliably identified as giant sequoia have been found in <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> era sediments from a number of sites in North America and Europe, and even as far afield as New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_groves">Artificial groves</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Artificial groves">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Fulmor_(45623460051).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lake_Fulmor_%2845623460051%29.jpg/220px-Lake_Fulmor_%2845623460051%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lake_Fulmor_%2845623460051%29.jpg/330px-Lake_Fulmor_%2845623460051%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lake_Fulmor_%2845623460051%29.jpg/440px-Lake_Fulmor_%2845623460051%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Fulmor" title="Lake Fulmor">Lake Fulmor</a>, featuring a small grove of giant sequoia trees (top center)</figcaption></figure> In 1974, a group of giant sequoias was planted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> in the immediate aftermath of a wildfire that left the landscape barren. The giant sequoias were rediscovered in 2008 by botanist Rudolf Schmid and his daughter Mena Schmidt while hiking on Black Mountain Trail through Hall Canyon. <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_Grove_(Southern_California)" title="Black Mountain Grove (Southern California)">Black Mountain Grove</a> is home to over 150 giant sequoias, some of which stand over 6.1 m (20 ft) tall. This grove is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_Grove" title="Black Mountain Grove">Black Mountain Grove</a> in the southern Sierra. Nearby <a href="/wiki/Lake_Fulmor#Flora" title="Lake Fulmor">Lake Fulmor Grove</a> is home to seven giant sequoias, the largest of which is 20 m (66 ft) tall. The two groves are located approximately 175 mi (282 km) southeast of the southernmost naturally occurring giant sequoia grove, <a href="/wiki/Deer_Creek_Grove" title="Deer Creek Grove">Deer Creek Grove</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> It was later discovered that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> had planted giant sequoias across Southern California. However, the giant sequoias of <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_Grove_(Southern_California)" title="Black Mountain Grove (Southern California)">Black Mountain Grove</a> and nearby <a href="/wiki/Lake_Fulmor#Flora" title="Lake Fulmor">Lake Fulmor Grove</a> are the only ones known to be reproducing and propagating free of human intervention. The conditions of the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> mimic those of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>, allowing the trees to naturally propagate throughout the canyon.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoia_trees.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Sequoia_trees.JPG/220px-Sequoia_trees.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Sequoia_trees.JPG/330px-Sequoia_trees.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Sequoia_trees.JPG/440px-Sequoia_trees.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Two giant sequoias, <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia National Park</a>. The right-hand tree bears a large fire scar at its base; fires do not typically kill the trees but do remove competing thin-barked species, and aid giant sequoia regeneration.</figcaption></figure> Giant sequoias are in many ways adapted to forest fires. Their bark is unusually fire resistant, and their cones will normally open immediately after a fire.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Giant sequoias are a <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_species" title="Pioneer species">pioneer species</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and are having difficulty reproducing in their original habitat (and very rarely reproduce in cultivation) due to the seeds only being able to grow successfully in full sun and in mineral-rich soils, free from competing vegetation. Although the seeds can germinate in moist needle <a href="/wiki/Humus" title="Humus">humus</a> in the spring, these seedlings will die as the duff dries in the summer. They therefore require periodic <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfire</a> to clear competing vegetation and soil humus before successful regeneration can occur. Without fire, shade-loving species will crowd out young sequoia seedlings, and sequoia seeds will not germinate. These trees require large amounts of water and are often concentrated near streams. Their growth is dependent on soil moisture.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Squirrels, chipmunks, finches and sparrows consume the freshly sprouted seedlings, preventing their growth.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Fires also bring hot air high into the canopy via <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a>, which in turn dries and opens the cones. The subsequent release of large quantities of seeds coincides with the optimal postfire <a href="/wiki/Seedbed" title="Seedbed">seedbed</a> conditions. Loose ground ash may also act as a cover to protect the fallen seeds from <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet radiation">ultraviolet radiation</a> damage. Due to fire suppression efforts and livestock grazing during the early and mid-20th century, low-intensity fires no longer occurred naturally in many groves, and still do not occur in some groves today. The suppression of fires leads to ground fuel build-up and the dense growth of fire-sensitive <a href="/wiki/White_fir" class="mw-redirect" title="White fir">white fir</a>, which increases the risk of more intense fires that can use the firs as ladders to threaten mature giant sequoia crowns. Natural fires may also be important in keeping <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_ant" title="Carpenter ant">carpenter ants</a> in check.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1970, the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> began controlled burns of its groves to correct these problems. Current policies also allow natural fires to burn. One of these untamed burns severely damaged the second-largest tree in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington tree">Washington tree</a>, in September 2003, 45 days after the fire started. This damage made it unable to withstand the snowstorm of January 2005, leading to the collapse of over half the trunk. In addition to fire, two animal agents also assist giant sequoia seed release. The more significant of the two is a <a href="/wiki/Longhorn_beetle" title="Longhorn beetle">longhorn beetle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phymatodes_nitidus" title="Phymatodes nitidus">Phymatodes nitidus</a>) that lays eggs on the cones, into which the larvae then bore holes. Reduction of the vascular water supply to the cone scales allows the cones to dry and open for the seeds to fall. Cones damaged by the beetles during the summer will slowly open over the next several months. Some research indicates many cones, particularly higher in the crowns, may need to be partially dried by beetle damage before fire can fully open them. The other agent is the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_squirrel" title="Douglas squirrel">Douglas squirrel</a> (Tamiasciurus douglasi) that gnaws on the fleshy green scales of younger cones. The squirrels are active year-round, and some seeds are dislodged and dropped as the cone is eaten.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> More than 30 identified species of bird have been observed living in giant sequoia groves.<a href="#cite_note-FEIS-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genome">Genome</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genome">edit</a>]</div> The genome of the giant sequoia was published in 2020. The size of the giant sequoia genome is 8.125 Gbp (8.125 billion base pairs) which were assembled into eleven chromosome-scale scaffolds, the largest of any organism at the time of publication.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> This is the first genome sequenced in the <a href="/wiki/Cupressaceae" title="Cupressaceae">Cupressaceae</a> family, and it provides insights into disease resistance and survival for this robust species on a genetic basis. The genome was found to contain over 900 complete or partial predicted <a href="/wiki/Hypersensitive_response#NLR_pairs_and_networks" title="Hypersensitive response">NLR genes</a> used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens. The <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">genome sequence</a> was extracted from a single fertilized seed harvested from a 1,360-year-old tree specimen in <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_and_Kings_Canyon_National_Parks" title="Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks">Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Park</a> identified as SEGI 21. It was sequenced over a three-year period by researchers at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Arizona_University" title="Northern Arizona University">Northern Arizona University</a> and was supported by grants from <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Redwoods_League" title="Save the Redwoods League">Save the Redwoods League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="National Institute of Food and Agriculture">National Institute of Food and Agriculture</a> as part of a species conservation, restoration and management effort.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_naming">Discovery and naming</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Discovery and naming">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg/220px-Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg/330px-Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg/440px-Giant_sequoia_exhibitionism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="2162" /></a><figcaption>Shortly after their discovery by Europeans, giant sequoias were subject to much <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_tree" title="Exhibition tree">exhibition</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Discovery">edit</a>]</div> The giant sequoia first gained widespread attention in 1852 when grizzly hunter Augustus T. Dowd discovered the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Tree" title="Discovery Tree">Discovery Tree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Grove" class="mw-redirect" title="Calaveras Grove">Calaveras Grove</a>, marking the species' first widely publicized discovery by non-natives.<a href="#cite_note-Farquhar-32">[32]</a> The tree was cut down in 1853 and <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_tree" title="Exhibition tree">exhibited</a> across the United States. The story of Dowd's discovery gained further notoriety following a 1859 feature in <a href="/wiki/Hutchings%27_Illustrated_California_Magazine" title="Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine">Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine</a>, which promoted tourism to the grove.<a href="#cite_note-Tweed2016-33">[33]</a> Before Augustus T. Dowd's well-known discovery in 1852, there were three earlier encounters with giant sequoias. The first known mention of the giant sequoia by a <a href="/wiki/European_American" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">European American</a> was in 1833 by explorer J.K. Leonard, who recorded it in his diary. While Leonard did not specify a location, his travels likely took him through <a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Grove" class="mw-redirect" title="Calaveras Grove">Calaveras Grove</a>, but this observation remained unnoticed.<a href="#cite_note-Farquhar-32">[32]</a> In 1850, John M. Wooster encountered a giant sequoia at Calaveras Grove and carved his initials into the bark of the "Hercules" tree.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> A year later, in 1851, <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Eccleston" title="Robert A. Eccleston">Robert Eccleston</a> traveled through <a href="/wiki/Nelder_Grove" title="Nelder Grove">Nelder Grove</a> with a small detachment of the <a href="/wiki/Mariposa_Battalion" title="Mariposa Battalion">Mariposa Battalion</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Mariposa_War" title="Mariposa War">Mariposa War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Similar to Leonard's experience, these encounters also received no publicity. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Naming">edit</a>]</div> The first scientific naming of the species was by <a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">John Lindley</a> in December 1853, who named it Wellingtonia gigantea, without realizing this was an invalid name under the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="International Code of Botanical Nomenclature">botanical code</a> as the name Wellingtonia had already been used earlier for another unrelated plant (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wellingtonia_arnottiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wellingtonia arnottiana (page does not exist)">Wellingtonia arnottiana</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a>). The name "Wellingtonia" has persisted in England as a common name.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The following year, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Decaisne" title="Joseph Decaisne">Joseph Decaisne</a> transferred it to the same genus as the coast redwood, naming it Sequoia gigantea, but this name was also invalid, having been applied earlier (in 1847, by <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Ladislaus_Endlicher" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher">Endlicher</a>) to the coast redwood. The name Washingtonia californica was also applied to it by Winslow in 1854; this name too is invalid, since it was already used for the <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm</a> genus <a href="/wiki/Washingtonia" title="Washingtonia">Washingtonia</a>. In 1907, it was placed by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ernst_Otto_Kuntze" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze">Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze</a> in the otherwise <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> genus <a href="/wiki/Steinhauera" class="mw-redirect" title="Steinhauera">Steinhauera</a>, but doubt as to whether the giant sequoia is related to the fossil originally so named makes this name invalid. These nomenclatural oversights were corrected in 1939 by <a href="/wiki/John_Theodore_Buchholz" title="John Theodore Buchholz">John Theodore Buchholz</a>, who also pointed out the giant sequoia is distinct from the coast redwood at the genus level and coined the name Sequoiadendron giganteum for it. The etymology of the genus name has been presumed—initially in The Yosemite Book by <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Whitney" title="Josiah Whitney">Josiah Whitney</a> in 1868<a href="#cite_note-cnps1-4">[4]</a>—to be in honor of <a href="/wiki/Sequoyah" title="Sequoyah">Sequoyah</a> (1767–1843), who was the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee syllabary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-natcomp-5">[5]</a> An etymological study published in 2012, however, concluded that the name was more likely to have originated from the Latin sequi (meaning to follow) since the number of seeds per cone in the newly classified genus fell in mathematical sequence with the other four genera in the suborder.<a href="#cite_note-cnps2-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Muir" title="John Muir">John Muir</a> wrote of the species in about 1870:<blockquote> "Do behold the King in his glory, King Sequoia! Behold! Behold! seems all I can say. Some time ago I left all for Sequoia and have been and am at his feet, fasting and praying for light, for is he not the greatest light in the woods, in the world? Where are such columns of sunshine, tangible, accessible, terrestrialized?'<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4501" data-file-height="5556" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Albert Bierstadt</a>'s "Giant Redwood Trees of California", 1874 – a large <a href="/wiki/Oil_on_canvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil on canvas">oil on canvas</a> <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Museum" title="Berkshire Museum">Berkshire Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></figcaption></figure> Wood from mature giant sequoias is highly resistant to decay, but due to being fibrous and brittle, it is generally unsuitable for construction. From the 1880s through the 1920s, logging took place in many groves in spite of marginal commercial returns. The <a href="/wiki/Hume-Bennett_Lumber_Company" title="Hume-Bennett Lumber Company">Hume-Bennett Lumber Company</a> was the last to harvest giant sequoia, going out of business in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Due to their weight and brittleness, trees would often shatter when they hit the ground, wasting much of the wood. Loggers attempted to cushion the impact by digging trenches and filling them with branches. Still, as little as 50% of the timber is estimated to have made it from groves to the mill. The wood was used mainly for shingles and fence posts, or even for matchsticks. Pictures of the once majestic trees broken and abandoned in formerly pristine groves, and the thought of the giants put to such modest use, spurred the public outcry that caused most of the groves to be preserved as protected land. The public can visit an example of 1880s clear-cutting at <a href="/wiki/Big_Stump_Grove" title="Big Stump Grove">Big Stump Grove</a> near <a href="/wiki/General_Grant_Grove" title="General Grant Grove">General Grant Grove</a>. As late as the 1980s, some immature trees were logged in <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Forest" title="Sequoia National Forest">Sequoia National Forest</a>, publicity of which helped lead to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia_National_Monument" title="Giant Sequoia National Monument">Giant Sequoia National Monument</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The wood from immature trees is less brittle, with recent tests on young <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a>-grown trees showing it similar to coast redwood wood in quality. This is resulting in some interest in cultivating giant sequoia as a very high-yielding timber crop tree, both in California and also in parts of western Europe, where it may grow more efficiently than coast redwoods. In the northwest <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, some entrepreneurs have also begun growing giant sequoias for <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a>. Besides these attempts at tree farming, the principal economic uses for giant sequoia today are <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">horticulture</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Threats">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg/220px-2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg/330px-2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg/440px-2020_09_16-14.10.29.329-CDT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/SQF_Lightning_Complex_fires" class="mw-redirect" title="SQF Lightning Complex fires">Castle Fire</a> wiped out a significant portion of the giant sequoia population.</figcaption></figure> Giant sequoias, once primarily threatened by logging, now face their greatest danger from the absence of regular fires. <a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">Fire suppression</a>, severe wildfires, and competition from shade-tolerant species have disrupted the natural cycle that once relied on periodic wildfires to release seeds and clear undergrowth.<a href="#cite_note-Hanson2024-40">[40]</a> Natural wildfires historically played a key role in sequoia reproduction, releasing seeds from cones and clearing undergrowth to create the open, nutrient-rich conditions needed for seedlings. Fire suppression over the last century has disrupted this cycle, limiting reproduction in many groves. Without regular fires, the buildup of fuel and the excessive growth of more fire-sensitive trees, like <a href="/wiki/White_fir" class="mw-redirect" title="White fir">white fir</a>, have increased the risk of devastating <a href="/wiki/Crown_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown fire">crown fires</a>, which have already destroyed significant portions of the sequoia population.<a href="#cite_note-Hanson2024-40">[40]</a> Many destructive wildfires have hit giant sequoia groves in recent decades, including the <a href="/wiki/McNally_Fire" title="McNally Fire">McNally Fire</a> in 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Fire" title="Rough Fire">Rough Fire</a> in 2015, and the <a href="/wiki/Railroad_Fire" title="Railroad Fire">Railroad Fire</a> in 2017. The <a href="/wiki/SQF_Lightning_Complex_fires" class="mw-redirect" title="SQF Lightning Complex fires">Castle Fire</a> in 2020 is estimated to have wiped out 10-14% of the giant sequoia population, or about 7,500 to 10,600 mature trees, possibly including the <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(tree)" title="King Arthur (tree)">King Arthur Tree</a>, one of the tallest known sequoias. In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/2021_California_wildfires" title="2021 California wildfires">KNP Complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_California_wildfires" title="2021 California wildfires">Windy Fire</a> added to the damage, killing an estimated 3 to 5% more of the population. Controlled burns have been effective in protecting giant sequoias. In the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Washburn_Fire" title="Washburn Fire">Washburn Fire</a>, officials credited prescribed burns in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> with limiting the fire’s intensity and sparing <a href="/wiki/Mariposa_Grove" title="Mariposa Grove">Mariposa Grove</a> from major harm.<a href="#cite_note-Hankin_2023-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Experts warn that to preserve healthy groves and prevent future destruction, the use of <a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">prescribed burns</a> must increase significantly—by about 30 times the current levels.<a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Around_the_world">Around the world</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Around the world">edit</a>]</div> Giant sequoia is a very popular <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental tree">ornamental tree</a> in many areas. It is successfully grown in most of western and southern Europe, the Pacific Northwest of North America, north to southwest <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, the southern United States, southeast Australia, New Zealand and central-southern <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. It is also grown, though less successfully, in parts of eastern North America. Trees can withstand temperatures of −31 °C (−25 °F) or colder for short periods of time, provided the ground around the roots is insulated with either heavy snow or mulch. Outside its natural range, the foliage can suffer from damaging windburn. A wide range of <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">horticultural varieties</a> have been selected, especially in Europe, including blue, compact blue, powder blue, hazel smith, pendulum—or weeping—varieties, and <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafted</a> cultivars.<a href="#cite_note-cultivars-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoias_in_EuroDisney,_some_years_later.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sequoias_in_EuroDisney%2C_some_years_later.jpg/220px-Sequoias_in_EuroDisney%2C_some_years_later.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sequoias_in_EuroDisney%2C_some_years_later.jpg/330px-Sequoias_in_EuroDisney%2C_some_years_later.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sequoias_in_EuroDisney%2C_some_years_later.jpg/440px-Sequoias_in_EuroDisney%2C_some_years_later.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Sequoias in Eurodisney (near Paris) in 2009 and 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> The tallest giant sequoia ever measured outside of the United States<a href="#cite_note-outside_the_US-49">[49]</a> is a specimen planted near <a href="/wiki/Ribeauvill%C3%A9" title="Ribeauvillé">Ribeauvillé</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in 1856 and measured in 2014 at a height between 57.7 m (189 ft)<a href="#cite_note-ribeauville-50">[50]</a> and 58.1 m (191 ft)<a href="#cite_note-Ribeauville-51">[51]</a> at age 158 years. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Benmore.jpg/220px-Benmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Benmore.jpg/330px-Benmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Benmore.jpg/440px-Benmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>The well-known giant sequoia <a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">avenue</a> planted in 1863 at <a href="/wiki/Benmore_Botanic_Garden" title="Benmore Botanic Garden">Benmore Botanic Garden</a>, Scotland. These trees are all over 50 metres (160 ft) tall</figcaption></figure> The giant sequoia was first brought into cultivation in Britain in 1853 by the horticulturist <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Matthew" title="Patrick Matthew">Patrick Matthew</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a> from seeds sent by his botanist son John in California.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> A much larger shipment of seed collected from the <a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Big_Trees_State_Park" title="Calaveras Big Trees State Park">Calaveras Grove</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Lobb" title="William Lobb">William Lobb</a>, acting for the <a href="/wiki/Veitch_Nursery" class="mw-redirect" title="Veitch Nursery">Veitch Nursery</a> near <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, arrived in England in December 1853;<a href="#cite_note-Earle-53">[53]</a> seed from this batch was widely distributed throughout Europe. Growth in Britain is very fast, with the tallest tree, at <a href="/wiki/Benmore_Botanic_Garden" title="Benmore Botanic Garden">Benmore</a> in southwest Scotland, reaching 56.4 m (185 ft) in 2014 at age 150 years,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and several others from 50–53 m (164–174 ft) tall; the stoutest is around 12 m (39 ft) in girth and 4 m (13 ft) in diameter, in Perthshire. The <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Royal Botanic Gardens</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kew" title="Kew">Kew</a>, and in their second campus at Wakehurst, contain multiple large specimens of the species. <a href="/wiki/Biddulph_Grange" title="Biddulph Grange">Biddulph Grange</a> Garden in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a> holds a fine collection of both Sequoiadendron giganteum and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">Sequoia sempervirens</a> (coast redwood). The General Sherman of California has a volume of 1,489 m3 (52,600 cu ft); by way of comparison, the largest giant sequoias in Great Britain have volumes no greater than 90–100 m3 (3,200–3,500 cu ft), one example being the 90 m3 (3,200 cu ft) specimen in the <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a>. Sequoiadendron giganteum has gained the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merit" title="Award of Garden Merit">Award of Garden Merit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RHSPF-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">avenue</a> of 218 giant sequoias was planted in 1865 near the town of <a href="/wiki/Camberley" title="Camberley">Camberley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England. The trees have since been surrounded by modern real estate development.<a href="#cite_note-RedwoodWorld-57">[57]</a> In 2024, there were 4,949 notable sequoias in the UK, with most of these trees being mature speciments. There is uncertainty if this is an undercount or overcount of the mature trees.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-phys-2024-59">[59]</a> In addition there are an estimated 500,000 Sequoiadendron giganteum and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">Sequoia sempervirens</a> that are not mature. Growing conditions are generally more conducive for these trees than in their native range in the US.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> Probably the oldest sequoia in Germany and possibly of continental Europe was planted in 1852 as a gift of the British Royal Family to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in a park near Bensheim. In 2015 it reached a height of 44.35 metres and a circumfereence of 5.94 metres and is praised for its beauty. It is also the largest sequoia in Germany. King William I of Württemberg (1816–1864) imported seeds shortly before his death. In the greenhouses of the Wilhelma in Stuttgart grew between 5000 to 8000 seedlings. Thirty-five of those trees are still present in the Wilhelma. The seedlings got distributed to the whole country of Württemberg and elsewhere and planted on different soils, under various conditions and elevations for a long-time evaluation to find out if they are suitable for forestry. At least 135 of them still can be traced back to these seedlings. Since then the tree is well established as ornamental tree in public parks and cemeteries, but also on private properties and can be found planted in small groups in the woods. Two members of the German Dendrology Society, E. J. Martin and Illa Martin, introduced the giant sequoia into German forestry at the <a href="/wiki/Sequoiafarm_Kaldenkirchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen">Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen</a> in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> Numerous giant sequoia were planted in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> from 1860 through 1905. Several regions contain specimens that range from 40 to 48 metres (131 to 157 ft) in height. The largest tree is in <a href="/wiki/Roccavione" title="Roccavione">Roccavione</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, with a basal circumference of 16 metres (52 ft). One notable tree survived a 200-metre (660 ft) tall flood wave in 1963 that was caused by a landslide at <a href="/wiki/Vajont_Dam" title="Vajont Dam">Vajont Dam</a>. There are numerous giant sequoia in parks and reserves.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Growth rates in some areas of Europe are remarkable. One young tree in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> reached 22 m (72 ft) tall and 88 cm (2.89 ft) trunk diameter in 17 years.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_and_Central_Europe">Northern and Central Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Northern and Central Europe">edit</a>]</div> Growth further northeast in Europe is limited by winter cold. In <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, where extreme winters can reach −32 °C (−26 °F), the largest tree was 35 m (115 ft) tall and 1.7 m (5.6 ft) diameter in 1976 and is bigger today. One in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> has purportedly survived temperatures down to −37 °C (−35 °F) with heavy snow cover. Twenty-nine giant sequoias, measuring around 30 m (98 ft) in height, grow in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>'s municipality of <a href="/wiki/Lazarevac" title="Lazarevac">Lazarevac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The oldest Sequoiadendron in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, at 44 m (144 ft), grows in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekvojovce_v_Ratm%C4%9B%C5%99ic%C3%ADch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekvojovce v Ratměřicích (page does not exist)">Ratměřice</a> u Votic castle garden. In <a href="/wiki/Slatina,_Croatia" title="Slatina, Croatia">Slatina</a>, Croatia, 32.5 m (107ft) tall giant sequoia grows in city park. Presumably seeded in 1890 and proclaimed as nature monument in 1967, now stands as a centerpiece in town's educational, presentational and informational center with tourist facilities available. <a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_and_Canada">United States and Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: United States and Canada">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_and_Olive_sequoia,_Downtown_Seattle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/4th_and_Olive_sequoia%2C_Downtown_Seattle.jpg/170px-4th_and_Olive_sequoia%2C_Downtown_Seattle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/4th_and_Olive_sequoia%2C_Downtown_Seattle.jpg/255px-4th_and_Olive_sequoia%2C_Downtown_Seattle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/4th_and_Olive_sequoia%2C_Downtown_Seattle.jpg/340px-4th_and_Olive_sequoia%2C_Downtown_Seattle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>The giant sequoia tree in downtown Seattle, located adjacent to the historic <a href="/wiki/The_Bon_March%C3%A9" title="The Bon Marché">The Bon Marché</a> building, is unique for its urban setting.</figcaption></figure> Giant sequoias are grown successfully in the Pacific Northwest and southern US, and less successfully in eastern North America. Giant sequoia cultivation is very successful in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> from western <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> north to southwest <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, with fast growth rates. In <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and Oregon, it is common to find giant sequoias that have been successfully planted in both urban and rural areas. There are hundreds of sequoias planted on the Olympic Peninsula over the last 100 years and farms that have 50 or more planted 40 years ago or longer. In Seattle, a 100 ft (30 m) sequoia stands as a prominent landmark at the entrance to Seattle's downtown retail core.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Other large specimens exceeding 90 ft (27 m) are located on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> campuses, in the <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Washelli_Memorial_Park" title="Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park">Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park</a> cemetery,<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> and in the Leschi, Madrona, and Magnolia neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In the northeastern US there has been some limited success in growing the species, but growth is much slower there, and it is prone to <a href="/wiki/Cercospora" title="Cercospora">Cercospora</a> and Kabatina <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungal</a> diseases due to the hot, humid summer climate there. A tree at <a href="/wiki/Blithewold_Mansion,_Gardens_and_Arboretum" title="Blithewold Mansion, Gardens and Arboretum">Blithewold Gardens</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Rhode_Island" title="Bristol, Rhode Island">Bristol, Rhode Island</a>, is reported to be 27 metres (89 ft) tall, reportedly the tallest in the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blitewold1-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-blitewold2-71">[71]</a> The tree at the <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Arboretum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyler Arboretum">Tyler Arboretum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Delaware County, Pennsylvania</a>, at 29.1 metres (95 ft) may be the tallest in the northeast.<a href="#cite_note-pabigtree-72">[72]</a> Specimens also grow in the <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Arboretum" title="Arnold Arboretum">Arnold Arboretum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> (planted 1972, 18 m tall in 1998), at <a href="/wiki/Longwood_Gardens" title="Longwood Gardens">Longwood Gardens</a> near <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Botanical Garden">New Jersey State Botanical Garden</a> at <a href="/wiki/Skylands_(estate)" title="Skylands (estate)">Skylands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ringwood_State_Park" title="Ringwood State Park">Ringwood State Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringwood,_New_Jersey" title="Ringwood, New Jersey">Ringwood, New Jersey</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a> region of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. Private plantings of giant sequoias around the Middle Atlantic States are not uncommon, and other publicly accessible specimens can be visited at the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. A few trees have been established in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Additionally, numerous sequoias have been planted with success in the state of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> A cold-tolerant cultivar 'Hazel Smith' selected in about 1960 is proving more successful in the northeastern US. This clone was the sole survivor of several hundred seedlings grown at a nursery in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. The U.S. National Arboretum has a specimen grown from a cutting in 1970 that can be seen in the Gotelli Conifer Collection. Since its last assessment as an endangered species in 2011, it was estimated that another 13–19% of the population (or 9,761–13,637 mature trees) were destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Fire">Castle Fire</a> of 2020 and the <a href="/wiki/2021_California_wildfires" title="2021 California wildfires">KNP Complex</a> & <a href="/wiki/2021_California_wildfires" title="2021 California wildfires">Windy Fire</a> in 2021, events attributed to <a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">fire suppression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">drought</a>. Prescribed burns to reduce available fuel load may be crucial for saving the species.<a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-46">[46]</a> As of 2021, there are approximately 60,000 living in its native California.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Ballarat_Botanical_Gardens" title="Ballarat Botanical Gardens">Ballarat Botanical Gardens</a> contain a significant collection, many of them about 150 years old. Jubilee Park and the Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve in <a href="/wiki/Daylesford,_Victoria" title="Daylesford, Victoria">Daylesford</a>, Cook Park in <a href="/wiki/Orange,_New_South_Wales" title="Orange, New South Wales">Orange, New South Wales</a> and Carisbrook's Deep Creek park in Victoria both have specimens. Jamieson Township in the Victorian high country has two specimens which were planted in the early 1860s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In Tasmania, specimens can be seen in private and public gardens, as sequoias were popular in the mid-Victorian era. The Westbury Village Green has mature specimens with more in Deloraine.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/The_Tasmanian_Arboretum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tasmanian Arboretum">The Tasmanian Arboretum</a> contains both Sequoiadendron giganteum and Sequoia sempervirens specimens.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pialligo,_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Pialligo, Australian Capital Territory">Pialligo</a> Redwood Forest consists of 3,000 surviving redwood specimens, of 122,000 planted, 500 meters east of the <a href="/wiki/Canberra_Airport" title="Canberra Airport">Canberra Airport</a>. The forest was laid out by the city's designer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Burley_Griffin" title="Walter Burley Griffin">Walter Burley Griffin</a>, though the city's <a href="/wiki/Arborist" title="Arborist">arborist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Weston_(horticulturalist)" title="Charles Weston (horticulturalist)">Thomas Charles Weston</a>, advised against it.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Arboretum_Canberra" title="National Arboretum Canberra">National Arboretum Canberra</a> began a grove of Sequoiadendron giganteum in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> They also grow in the abandoned arboretum at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Banda_Banda" title="Mount Banda Banda">Mount Banda Banda</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg/220px-Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg/330px-Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg/440px-Sequoia-Queenstown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>S. giganteum in Queenstown, New Zealand</figcaption></figure> Several impressive specimens of Sequoiadendron giganteum can be found in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> of New Zealand. Notable examples include a set of trees in a public park of <a href="/wiki/Picton,_New_Zealand" title="Picton, New Zealand">Picton</a>, as well as robust specimens in the public and botanical parks of <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>. There are also several in private gardens in <a href="/wiki/W%C4%81naka" title="Wānaka">Wānaka</a>. Other locations in Christchurch and nearby include a number of mature trees at the <a href="/wiki/Riccarton_Park_Racecourse" title="Riccarton Park Racecourse">Riccarton Park Racecourse</a>, three large trees on the roadside bordering private properties on Clyde Road, near Wai-Iti Terrace—these are at least 150 years old. The suburb of ‘Redwood’ is named after a 160 years old Giant Redwood tree in the grounds of a local hotel. At St James Church, Harewood, is a protected very large specimen believed to be about 160 years old. A grove of about sixteen Redwood trees of varying ages is in Sheldon Park in the <a href="/wiki/Belfast,_New_Zealand" title="Belfast, New Zealand">Belfast, New Zealand</a> suburb. Some of these trees are in poor condition because of indifferent care. There is also a very large tree at <a href="/wiki/Rangiora_High_School" title="Rangiora High School">Rangiora High School</a>, which was planted for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria%27s_Golden_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee">Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee</a> and is thus over 130 years old.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Record_trees">Record trees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Record trees">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_by_trunk_volume">Largest by trunk volume</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Largest by trunk volume">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_giant_sequoias" title="List of largest giant sequoias">List of largest giant sequoias</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Sherman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/General_Sherman.jpg/170px-General_Sherman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/General_Sherman.jpg/255px-General_Sherman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/General_Sherman.jpg/340px-General_Sherman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="2321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/General_Sherman_(tree)" title="General Sherman (tree)">General Sherman</a>, largest known living single stem tree in the world</figcaption></figure> As of 2009, the top ten largest giant sequoias sorted by volume of their <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(botany)" title="Trunk (botany)">trunks</a> are:<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[note 1]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Tree Name </th> <th>Grove </th> <th colspan="2">Height </th> <th colspan="2">Girth at ground </th> <th colspan="2">Volume </th> <th>Estimated <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_trees" title="List of oldest trees">age</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>  </th> <th>  </th> <th>(ft) </th> <th>(m) </th> <th>(ft) </th> <th>(m) </th> <th>(ft3) </th> <th>(m3) </th> <th>(years) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Sherman_(tree)" title="General Sherman (tree)">General Sherman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Forest" title="Giant Forest">Giant Forest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">275 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">52,508 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,486.9 </td> <td>2,300−2,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-Sillett-81">[note 2]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Grant_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="General Grant tree">General Grant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Grant_Grove" title="General Grant Grove">General Grant Grove</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">268 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">108 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,608 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,319.8 <a href="#cite_note-Sillett-81">[note 2]</a> </td> <td>1,650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3<a href="#cite_note-Sillett-81">[note 2]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_(tree)" title="President (tree)">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Forest" title="Giant Forest">Giant Forest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">241 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">93 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,148 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,278.4 <a href="#cite_note-Sillett-81">[note 2]</a> </td> <td>3,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(tree)" title="Lincoln (tree)">Lincoln</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Forest" title="Giant Forest">Giant Forest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">256 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">98 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,471 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,259.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stagg_(tree)" title="Stagg (tree)">Stagg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alder_Creek_Grove" title="Alder Creek Grove">Alder Creek Grove</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">243 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">74 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">109 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,557 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,205.1 </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boole_(tree)" title="Boole (tree)">Boole</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Converse_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Converse Basin">Converse Basin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">269 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">113 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,472 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,202.7 </td> <td>2,000 (minimum) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(tree)" title="Genesis (tree)">Genesis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Grove" title="Mountain Home Grove">Mountain Home Grove</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">253 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,897 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,186.4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(tree)" title="Franklin (tree)">Franklin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Forest" title="Giant Forest">Giant Forest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">224 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">68 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,280 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,168.9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(tree)" title="King Arthur (tree)">King Arthur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garfield_Grove" title="Garfield Grove">Garfield Grove</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">270 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">104 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40,656 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,151.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe_(tree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monroe (tree)">Monroe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Forest" title="Giant Forest">Giant Forest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">248 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">76 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">91 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40,104 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,135.6 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The General Sherman tree is estimated to weigh about 2100 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteFry1938-84">[82]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Tree">Washington Tree</a> was previously arguably the second largest tree with a volume of 47,850 cubic feet (1,355 m3) (although the upper half of its trunk was hollow, making the calculated volume debatable), but after losing the hollow upper half of its trunk in January 2005 following a fire, it is no longer of great size.</li> <li>The largest giant sequoia ever recorded was the Father of the Forest from Calaveras Grove, an exceedingly massive tree which fell many centuries ago in the North Grove. Reportedly, the tree was once over 435 ft tall, and 110 ft in circumference, with a minimum height of 365 feet.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Now, what is left of the tree is a popular tourist attraction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tallest">Tallest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tallest">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Redwood – <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Mountain_Grove" title="Redwood Mountain Grove">Redwood Mountain Grove</a> – 95 metres (311 ft)<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li> <li>tallest outside the United States:<a href="#cite_note-outside_the_US-49">[49]</a> specimen near <a href="/wiki/Ribeauvill%C3%A9" title="Ribeauvillé">Ribeauvillé</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, measured in 2014 at a height of 58 m (190 ft)<a href="#cite_note-ribeauville-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ribeauville-51">[51]</a> at age 158 years.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oldest">Oldest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Oldest">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Muir_Snag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Muir_Snag.jpg/170px-The_Muir_Snag.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Muir_Snag.jpg/255px-The_Muir_Snag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Muir_Snag.jpg/340px-The_Muir_Snag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The Muir Snag, believed to be over 3500 years old</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_trees" title="List of oldest trees">List of oldest trees</a></div> <ul><li>Muir Snag – <a href="/wiki/Converse_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Converse Basin">Converse Basin Grove</a> – more than 3500 years<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greatest_girth">Greatest girth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Greatest girth">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Waterfall Tree – <a href="/wiki/Alder_Creek_Grove" title="Alder Creek Grove">Alder Creek Grove</a> – 47 metres (155 ft) – tree with enormous basal buttress on very steep ground.<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greatest_base_diameter">Greatest base diameter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Greatest base diameter">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Waterfall Tree – <a href="/wiki/Alder_Creek_Grove" title="Alder Creek Grove">Alder Creek Grove</a> – 21 metres (69 ft) – tree with enormous basal buttress on very steep ground.<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Tunnel Tree – <a href="/wiki/Atwell_Mill_Grove" title="Atwell Mill Grove">Atwell Mill Grove</a> – 17 metres (57 ft) – tree with a huge flared base that has burned all the way through.<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greatest_mean_diameter_at_breast_height">Greatest mean diameter at breast height</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Greatest mean diameter at breast height">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Grant_(tree)" title="General Grant (tree)">General Grant</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Grant_Grove" title="General Grant Grove">General Grant Grove</a> – 8.8 metres (29 ft)<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_limb">Largest limb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Largest limb">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Arm Tree – <a href="/wiki/Atwell_Mill_Grove" title="Atwell Mill Grove">Atwell Mill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Fork_Grove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Fork Grove (page does not exist)">East Fork Grove</a> – 4.0 metres (13 ft) in diameter<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thickest_bark">Thickest bark</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Thickest bark">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>0.9 metres (3 ft) or more<a href="#cite_note-Flint_2002-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_of_the_Forest" title="Mother of the Forest">Mother of the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Tree" title="Discovery Tree">Discovery Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_House_(trees)" class="mw-redirect" title="The House (trees)">The House (trees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_organisms" title="Largest organisms">Largest organisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Big_Trees_State_Park" title="Calaveras Big Trees State Park">Calaveras Big Trees State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_growth_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Old growth forest">Old growth forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superlative_trees" title="List of superlative trees">List of superlative trees</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> The volume figures have a low degree of accuracy (at best about ±14 cubic metres or 490 cubic feet), due to difficulties in measurement; stem diameter measurements are taken at a few set heights up the trunk, and assume that the trunk is circular in cross-section, and that taper between measurement points is even. The volume measurements also do not take cavities into account. The measurements are <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(botany)" title="Trunk (botany)">trunk</a>-only, and do not include the volume of wood in the branches or roots. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sillett-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sillett_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sillett_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sillett_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sillett_81-3">d</a> This table presents giant sequoias sorted by the volume of their <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(botany)" title="Trunk (botany)">trunks</a>. In December 2012, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sillett" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Sillett">Stephen Sillett</a> announced a measurement of the <a href="/wiki/President_(tree)" title="President (tree)">President tree</a> with a total of 54,000 cubic feet (1,500 m3) of wood and 9,000 cubic feet (250 m3) of wood in the branches.<a href="#cite_note-cone-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-83">[81]</a> Ranked according to the total amount of wood in the tree, the General Sherman tree is first, the President tree is second, and the General Grant tree is third.<a href="#cite_note-cone-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-83">[81]</a> General Sherman has 2,000 cubic feet (57 m3) more wood than the President tree.<a href="#cite_note-cone-82">[80]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchmid,_R.Farjon,_A.2013" class="citation journal cs1">Schmid, R. & Farjon, A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/34023/2840676">"Sequoiadendron giganteum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2013: e.T34023A2840676.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Sequoiadendron+giganteum&rft.volume=2013&rft.pages=e.T34023A2840676&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Schmid%2C+R.&rft.au=Farjon%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F34023%2F2840676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111091233/https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.130747/Sequoiadendron_giganteum">"Sequoiadendron giganteum, Giant Sequoia"</a>. 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnps.org/cnps/publications/fremontia/FremontiaV40.1_40.2.pdf">"Endlicher's Sequence: The Naming of the Genus Sequoia"</a> (PDF). cnps.org. California Native Plant Society. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809033608/http://www.cnps.org/cnps/publications/fremontia/FremontiaV40.1_40.2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2017. <q>Whitney states, 'The genus was named in honor of Sequoia* or Sequoyah, a Cherokee Indian.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnps.org&rft.atitle=Endlicher%27s+Sequence%3A+The+Naming+of+the+Genus+Sequoia&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Gary+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnps.org%2Fcnps%2Fpublications%2Ffremontia%2FFremontiaV40.1_40.2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-natcomp-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natcomp_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-natcomp_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5-8gddnuk-gC&pg=PA55">Sierra Nevada – The Naturalist's Companion</a>. 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Retrieved 2021-06-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Super-hot+California+wildfire+wiped+out+10%25+of+world%27s+sequoia+trees.+Can+they+survive+climate+change%3F&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Kurtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fcalifornia-wildfires%2Farticle%2F10-of-world-s-giant-sequoias-killed-in-16220971.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/california-fire-killed-10-percent-redwood-trees-63c80e8d28e32596637f3ecc29cfe3c8">"Study: California fire killed 10% of world's giant sequoias"</a>. 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High, 110 ft. Cir., Calaveras Grove, Cal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906081931/https://www.loc.gov/item/2018645419/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=%22Father+of+the+Forest%22%2C+a+Giant+of+Giants--fallen+centuries+ago--originally+435+ft.+High%2C+110+ft.+Cir.%2C+Calaveras+Grove%2C+Cal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F2018645419%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConifer_Specialist_Group1998" class="citation journal cs1">Conifer Specialist Group (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/34023/0">"Sequoiadendron giganteum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 1998. Retrieved 11 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Sequoiadendron+giganteum&rft.volume=1998&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Conifer+Specialist+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fdetails%2F34023%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_iucn" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite iucn">cite iucn</a>}}: old-form url (<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_iucn#Maintenance_messages" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite iucn">help</a>) Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1cd v2.3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAune1994" class="citation book cs1">Aune, P. S., ed. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr151/">Proceedings of the Symposium on Giant Sequoias</a>. US Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service (Pacific Southwest Research Station). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-151. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020001114/http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr151/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2013-02-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Giant+Sequoias&rft.pub=US+Dept.+of+Agriculture+Forest+Service+%28Pacific+Southwest+Research+Station%29&rft.date=1994&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fpsw%2Fpublications%2Fdocuments%2Fpsw_gtr151%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint2002" class="citation book cs1">Flint, W.D. (2002). To Find The Biggest Tree. Sequoia Natural History Association, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-878441-09-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-878441-09-4"><bdi>1-878441-09-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Find+The+Biggest+Tree&rft.pub=Sequoia+Natural+History+Association%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-878441-09-4&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=W.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mitchell_(botanist)" title="Alan Mitchell (botanist)">Mitchell, Alan</a> (1996). Alan Mitchell's Trees of Britain. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-219972-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-219972-6"><bdi>0-00-219972-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alan+Mitchell%27s+Trees+of+Britain&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-00-219972-6&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarveyShellhammerStecker1980" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, H. Thomas; Shellhammer, Howard S.; Stecker, Ronald E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/12/index.htm">Giant Sequoia Ecology: Fire and Reproduction</a>. Scientific Monograph Series. Vol. 12. Washington, DC: U.S. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928212628/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/12/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-28. Retrieved 2023-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giant+Sequoia+Ecology%3A+Fire+and+Reproduction&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Scientific+Monograph+Series&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=H.+Thomas&rft.au=Shellhammer%2C+Howard+S.&rft.au=Stecker%2C+Ronald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fscience%2F12%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgore1970" class="citation journal cs1">Kilgore, B. (1970). "Restoring Fire to the Sequoias". National Parks and Conservation Magazine. 44 (277): 16–22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Parks+and+Conservation+Magazine&rft.atitle=Restoring+Fire+to+the+Sequoias&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=277&rft.pages=16-22&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Kilgore&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsolt_DebreczyIstvan_Racz2012" class="citation book cs1">Zsolt Debreczy; Istvan Racz (2012). Kathy Musial (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conifersaroundtheworld.com/">Conifers Around the World</a> (1st ed.). DendroPress. p. 1089. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-219-061-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-219-061-7"><bdi>978-963-219-061-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208103230/http://conifersaroundtheworld.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2012-10-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conifers+Around+the+World&rft.pages=1089&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=DendroPress&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-963-219-061-7&rft.au=Zsolt+Debreczy&rft.au=Istvan+Racz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconifersaroundtheworld.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteFry1938" class="citation book cs1">White, J. R.; Fry, W. (1938). Big Trees. United Kingdom: Stanford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Big+Trees&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.au=Fry%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Smeaton_Chase" title="J. Smeaton Chase">Chase, J. Smeaton</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conebearingtrees00chas/page/88/mode/2up">"Sequoia gigantea, Also called S. washingtoniana or S. wellingtonia (Big-tree, Sequoia, Redwood)"</a>. Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Eytel" title="Carl Eytel">Eytel, Carl</a> (illustrations). Chicago: <a href="/wiki/A.C._McClurg_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. McClurg & Co.">A.C. McClurg & Co.</a> pp. 88–90. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/11004975">11004975</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3477527">3477527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sequoia+gigantea%2C+Also+called+S.+washingtoniana+or+S.+wellingtonia+%28Big-tree%2C+Sequoia%2C+Redwood%29&rft.btitle=Cone-bearing+Trees+of+the+California+Mountains&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=A.C.+McClurg+%26+Co.&rft.date=1911&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3477527&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F11004975&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=J.+Smeaton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconebearingtrees00chas%2Fpage%2F88%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarle2018" class="citation web cs1">Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conifers.org/cu/Sequoiadendron.php">"Sequoiadendron giganteum"</a>. The Gymnosperm Database.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gymnosperm+Database&rft.atitle=Sequoiadendron+giganteum&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conifers.org%2Fcu%2FSequoiadendron.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabeck1992" class="citation cs1">Habeck, R. J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/seqgig/all.html">"Sequoiadendron giganteum"</a>. Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Effects+Information+System+%28FEIS%29&rft.atitle=Sequoiadendron+giganteum&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Habeck&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.usda.gov%2Fdatabase%2Ffeis%2Fplants%2Ftree%2Fseqgig%2Fall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartesveldtHarveyShellhammerStecker1975" class="citation book cs1">Hartesveldt, Richard J.; Harvey, H. Thomas; Shellhammer, Howard S.; Stecker, Ronald E. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/hartesveldt/">The Giant Sequoia of the Sierra Nevada</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Giant+Sequoia+of+the+Sierra+Nevada&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Hartesveldt&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+H.+Thomas&rft.au=Shellhammer%2C+Howard+S.&rft.au=Stecker%2C+Ronald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fscience%2Fhartesveldt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequoiadendron_giganteum&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Sequoiadendron giganteum at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" class="extiw" title="c:Sequoiadendron giganteum">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Sequoia_Gigantea" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Sequoia Gigantea">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/46px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" class="extiw" title="species:Sequoiadendron giganteum">Taxa</a> from Wikispecies</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309182252/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/plants_and_algae/Sequoiadendron_giganteum/">ARKive: Sequoiadendron giganteum</a>, arkive.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinetum.org/cones/Sequoiadendron.htm">Arboretum de Villardebelle – photos of cones & shoots with phenology notes</a>, pinetum.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/seki/naturescience/fic_abstr21.htm">Giant Sequoia Fire History in Mariposa Grove, Yosemite National Park</a>, nps.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savetheredwoods.org/">Save-the-Redwoods League</a>, savethewoods.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/sequoias_of_yosemite/">"Sequoias of Yosemite National Park"</a> 1949 by James W. McFarland</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redwoodworld.co.uk/">Redwoodworld.co.uk</a> giant redwoods in the U.K.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/scenes_of_wonder_and_curiosity/calaveras_big_trees.html#page_10">Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California (1862) – The Mammoth Trees Of Calaveras</a>, yosemite.ca.us</li> <li>Short radio episode <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040523194932/http://californialegacy.org/radio_anthology/scripts/muir.html">Woody Gospel Letter</a> in which <a href="/wiki/John_Muir" title="John Muir">John Muir</a> extols "King Sequoia" from The Life and Letters of John Muir, 1924. <a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Legacy_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Legacy Project (page does not exist)">California Legacy Project</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sequoia">"Sequoia" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sequoia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASequoiadendron+giganteum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216103128/http://conifersaroundtheworld.com/blog/sequoiadendron_giganteum_giant_sequoia">Conifers Around the World: Sequoiadendron giganteum – Giant Sequoia</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hu_QKfDKelM">Giants of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park</a>, On YouTube by Sequoia Parks Conservancy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7LWqqprTc">Video and commentary on the cones and bark characteristics</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Sequoiadendron giganteum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149851" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q149851">Q149851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Sequoiadendron giganteum">Sequoiadendron giganteum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/sequoiadendron-giganteum/">sequoiadendron-giganteum</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2398">2398</a></li> <li>Calflora: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7532">7532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4WSQK">4WSQK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Native_Plant_Society" title="California Native Plant Society">CNPS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rareplants.cnps.org/Plants/ODetails/2771">2771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/323361">323361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SQUGI">SQUGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/150857">150857</a></li> <li>Euro+Med PlantBase: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/f104f662-3c18-422e-b7f6-146d6f401cdd">f104f662-3c18-422e-b7f6-146d6f401cdd</a></li> <li>FEIS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/seqgig/all.html">seqgig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=210002083">210002083</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210002083">210002083</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2684120">2684120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=33713">33713</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/59567">59567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/677175-1">677175-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10453639">10453639</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183438">183438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/34023">34023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287324">287324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.130747/">2.130747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000463457">NHMSYS0000463457</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=99814">99814</a></li> <li>NZOR: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/2fea3225-7ec4-4801-8281-41c61f4d1a77">2fea3225-7ec4-4801-8281-41c61f4d1a77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/126277/">126277</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=810380">810380</a></li> <li>PFI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=9499">9499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2587860">kew-2587860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/SEGI2">SEGI2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A234727-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:234727-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/17257/wd/Details">17257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/31300229">31300229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000496705">wfo-0000496705</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Wellingtonia gigantea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17363934" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q17363934">Q17363934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5BWZD">5BWZD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5284271">5284271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=42011">42011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/1092025-2">1092025-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10190927">10190927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183439">183439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A1092025-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1092025-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/24900514">24900514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000427962">wfo-0000427962</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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