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future was planned</h1></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 EXUng"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59h0l.jpg.webp" alt="Alamy Lewes town and castle, Sussex (Credit: Alamy)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Alamy</span></div></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="the-politely-radical-english-town-where-one-of-america's-founding-fathers,-and-the-world's-first-international-revolutionaries,-sparked-a-spirit-of-rebellion-that-continues-to-this-very-day." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">The politely radical English town where one of America's Founding Fathers, and the world's first international revolutionaries, sparked a spirit of rebellion that continues to this very day.</b></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The town of Lewes, with its picturesque cottages and bustling high street full of antiquarian bookshops and artisanal bakeries, might seem the very model of traditional English respectability. Named the "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.timeout.com/uk/news/this-town-has-been-named-the-prettiest-in-britain-111623" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">prettiest place in the UK</a>" by The Telegraph (a trusted arbiter of British middle-class tastes), sedate tea shops and art galleries line the medieval alleyways where smartly dressed locals greet each other courteously. Even the local flea market, housed in a former Methodist chapel, is an upstanding example of grand Victorian architecture.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Yet beneath this veneer of conservative conformity lies a history of radicalism that runs to the core of this quaint Sussex town. </p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Each year on 5 November, Lewes turns into a blazing frenzy of raucous anti-establishmentarianism. Its cute coffee shops and organic grocery stores lie abandoned as grotesque effigies (or "tableaux") of public figures – ranging from British prime ministers and business leaders to the Pope and, more recently, Joe Biden and Donald Trump — are set on fire and paraded through the streets.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.lewesbonfirecelebrations.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Lewes Bonfire Night Celebrations</a>, the biggest and oldest in Britain (dating to 1795), exemplify the spirit of rebellion in this town where <a target="_blank" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Paine" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Thomas Paine</a>, the English-born American Founding Father, political philosopher and one of the world's first international revolutionaries, lived 250 years ago </p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Paine, whose writings influenced both the American and French Revolutions and helped inspire the US Declaration of Independence, lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street from 1768 to 1774. While working there as an excise officer, collecting taxes on behalf of King George III, Paine was a frequent speaker at a political debating society, The White Hart Evening Club. Its meetings were held at 16th-Century inn <a target="_blank" href="https://whitehartlewes.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The White Hart</a>, also on Lewes High Street, which recently reopened after a major refurbishment as a luxury hotel complete with restaurant and bars, yet retains many of the original features from Paine's time, including his initials carved into one of the fireplaces.</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59hxz.jpg.webp" alt="Nick Smith Photography The White Hart has been fully refurbished, but Paine's initials can still be seen in one of the fireplaces (Credit: Nick Smith Photography)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Nick Smith Photography</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">The White Hart has been fully refurbished, but Paine's initials can still be seen in one of the fireplaces (Credit: Nick Smith Photography)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The debating society later changed its name to the Headstrong Club but, now under new management, <a target="_blank" href="https://whitehartlewes.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The White Hart</a> has once again become a centre of life in Lewes. It's also a place of pilgrimage for Americans fascinated to see where many of the ideas that would eventually lead to the birth of their nation were first formulated; as well as for the politely radical citizens of Lewes who celebrate Paine's memory and the enlightenment principles he espoused.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">I meet in the hotel's lounge with Richard Powell, a retired diplomat who is the current chairman of the new <a target="_blank" href="http://headstrongclub.co.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Headstrong Club</a>, relaunched in 1987 on the 250th anniversary of Paine's birth. Over a bottle of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.harveys.org.uk/beer/tom-paine" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Tom Paine ale</a> – brewed locally by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.harveys.org.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Harvey's</a> who were established in 1790 and own several pubs in the town, including <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rightsofmanlewes.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Rights of Man</a> across the road, named after one of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.penguin.com.au/books/the-rights-of-man-and-common-sense-9781857151893" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Paine's seminal works</a> – Powell tells me how the American Founding Father's spirit is very much alive in Lewes.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"Any 'citizen of the world' is welcome," he says, quoting one of Paine's famous phrases, "at our monthly meetings [now held at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.visitlewes.co.uk/food-and-drink/elephant-and-castle-p1404191" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Elephant & Castle pub</a> within walking distance of The White Hart]. They can just pay £5 on the door. We're also happy to be approached by people wanting to propose a subject to speak about, just like Tom [Paine] used to. We get viewpoints right across the spectrum, and some of them do occasionally cause pain – no pun intended – such as the time we had a discussion on gender identity and the police had to be brought in to deal with threats being made to some opinion holders." </p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Might the US's new president-elect be a future subject for debate, I ask him. "Not while I'm in charge," Powell laughs. "We tend more towards things like the politics of climate change, or the role of church and state – a topic that Paine himself felt and wrote strongly about."</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59j7b.jpg.webp" alt="Getty Images The Bonfire Night celebrations in Lewes are the biggest and oldest in Britain (Credit: Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Getty Images</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">The Bonfire Night celebrations in Lewes are the biggest and oldest in Britain (Credit: Getty Images)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">A statue of Paine stands proudly outside the town's library, whilst his tradition of bold political discourse is also honoured at the annual <a target="_blank" href="https://www.speakersfestivals.com/lewes-speakers-festival" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Lewes Speakers Festival</a>. The January 2025 event will feature Penny Mordaunt, the former UK Secretary of State for Defence, talking about how the country's deep divisions can be overcome by political reform. A subject that Paine – who once said, "We have it in our power to begin the world over again" (quoted in speeches by both Ronald Regan in 1980 and Barack Obama in 2009) – would have no doubt approved.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">After being fired from his job for attacking its pay and conditions in his first published pamphlet, "The Case of the Officers of Excise", Paine left Lewes for Philadelphia in 1774, intending to make a new life in the American Colonies (on the advice of Benjamin Franklin whom he had met in London). It was here that he used the political skills he had honed in Lewes to write "Common Sense". This 50-page pamphlet, the most widely read during the American Revolution, sold more than half a million copies and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence, which Paine is believed to have helped draft, by advocating for a republican government free from British control. </p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Bull House, where he lived, is now in the hands of the <a target="_blank" href="https://sussexpast.co.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Sussex Archaeological Society</a>; established in 1846, it is the oldest of its kind in Britain. According to the Society's museums officer, Emma O'Connor, Lewes is a magnet for visiting history lovers as well as for residents moving here from the capital (known as DFLs: "down-from-Londoners"), many of whom commute to arts and media jobs in London, just more than an hour away. </p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_3" id="dotcom-mid_3" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="more-like-this:" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">More like this:</b></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">• <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210103-englands-sleepy-scientology-town" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">England’s sleepy ‘Scientology town’</a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">• <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200706-sealand-a-peculiar-nation-off-englands-coast" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Sealand: A peculiar ‘nation’ off England’s coast</a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">• <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20241025-hebden-bridge-the-surprising-lesbian-capital-of-the-uk" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The surprising 'lesbian capital of the UK'</a></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"A lot of Thomas Paine's Lewes would still be familiar to him today," she said. "Lewes is a historic town and all the best bits are still there. And for anybody that has a mind to, there's a lot going on that's of interest and lots of avenues for self-enlightenment, whatever your interests may be. We've <a target="_blank" href="https://www.glyndebourne.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Glyndebourne</a> [opera house] on the doorstep, as well as <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200315-how-brighton-became-an-epicentre-of-freedom" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Brighton</a> a few miles down the road. And you can't fail to notice that bang in the middle of Lewes High Street, there's a stonking great castle!"</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59jl1.jpg.webp" alt="Getty Images Paine lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street for six years while he worked as an excise officer (Credit: Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Getty Images</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Paine lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street for six years while he worked as an excise officer (Credit: Getty Images)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Originally begun just after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 (the site of which lies less than 25 miles to the east of Lewes), <a target="_blank" href="https://www.visitlewes.co.uk/things-to-do/lewes-castle-and-barbican-house-museum-p1094071" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the Norman castle</a> took 300 years to complete. It is open to the public and now adjoins <a target="_blank" href="https://sussexpast.co.uk/attraction/lewes-castle/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Lewes Museum</a>, which covers all periods of the town's history, including Paine and the annual bonfire celebrations. </p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">More recently, one of the most famous of all people connected with Lewes – and one that perfectly embodies the town's spirit of "respectable and reserved on the outside, radical and revolutionary on the inside" – is the writer Virginia Woolf. Part of the Bloomsbury group, a coterie of avant-garde artists, writers and intellectuals whose uninhibited, polyamorous lifestyles predated the 1960s' sexual revolution by decades, Woolf took rooms in 1910 at <a target="_blank" href="https://www.thepelhamarms.co.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Pelham Arms</a> on Lewes High Street. She later owned the Round House in Pipe's Passage, a building she described in a letter to the painter Dora Carrington, as "the butt end of an old windmill". Her final, more aesthetically pleasing home – and inspiration for her short story The Orchard – <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/sussex/monks-house" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Monks House</a> in neighbouring Rodmell, was purchased at an auction in The White Hart.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_4" id="dotcom-mid_4" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="callout-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eLrdPC"><section class="sc-e11d1f0-0 eVThlc"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-1 kDQByp"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-2 ewSByo"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-4 fzKnud"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Virginia Woolf's younger sister, the artist Vanessa Bell, also lived just outside Lewes, at <a target="_blank" href="https://www.charleston.org.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Charleston Farmhouse</a> in Firle. In March 2025, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.charleston.org.uk/charleston-lewes/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Charleston in Lewes</a>, just behind The White Hart, will stage <a target="_blank" href="https://www.charleston.org.uk/exhibition/vanessa-bell-a-world-of-form-and-colour/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the largest-ever exhibition of her work</a>, featuring more than 100 exhibits and running until September.</p></div></div></div></section></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Vanessa's grandson (and Virginia's Woolf's great-nephew), Julian Bell, is himself an artist and fellow Lewesian. He believes "the Lewes area has always had a community on the radical, liberal side, including some of my ancestors who were, I suppose, the original DFLs".</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Bell's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1097645" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">mural</a> of Thomas Paine, painted in 1994, is on display in the town's Market Passage. And, for this year's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.lewesbonfirecelebrations.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Lewes Bonfire Celebrations</a>, he helped create a tableau of the Houses of Parliament which were then blown up as part of the town's anarchic festivities. "We were fulfilling Guy Fawkes' intentions to destroy the seat of parliamentary democracy," Bell tells me, jokingly.</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k59kd8.jpg.webp" alt="Russell Higham Visitors can see a portrait of Paine by contemporary sculptor Marcus Cornish outside the library (Credit: Russell Higham)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Russell Higham</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Visitors can see a portrait of Paine by contemporary sculptor Marcus Cornish outside the library (Credit: Russell Higham)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Paine and his respectfully rebellious friends at The White Hart preferred a less direct form of action to Guy Fawkes: the power of the printing press. Before the days of electronic communications, printed pamphlets were the social media posts of their day; used by activists and thinkers, such as Paine, to disseminate ideas and rally national or even international support for change and justice. A press similar to the one that Paine used to publish his pamphlets is on display across the road from Bull House at <a target="_blank" href="https://tpppl.wordpress.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Tom Paine Printing Press and Gallery</a>. </p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_5" id="dotcom-mid_5" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"The world is my country, all mankind are my brethren" is another of the favourite sayings of the political philosopher, whose writings inspired and helped shape revolutions in both America and <a target="_blank" href="https://thomaspaine.org/pages/resources/what-was-paine-s-role-in-the-french-revolution.html" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Europe</a>. However far and wide this pioneering revolutionary and his rebellious ideas travelled, though, there will forever be a part of him that remains in Lewes. For those looking to change the world themselves – or merely enjoy a quiet pint by a cosy fireplace – The White Hart in Lewes is not a bad place to start.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="--" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">--</i></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="if-you-liked-this-story," class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">If you liked this story, </i><a target="_self" href="https://cloud.email.bbc.com/SignUp10_08?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=featuresarticle&at_campaign=essentiallist&at_campaign_type=owned&&&&&" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="sign-up-for-the-essential-list-newsletter" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf"><i id="sign-up-for-the-essential-list-newsletter" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">sign up for The Essential List newsletter</i></b></a><i 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class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> Instagram</i></a><i id="." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">.</i></p></div><div data-component="tags" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl"><div class="sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/tags/history" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">History</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/tags/cultural-traditions" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Cultural Traditions</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/tags/features" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Features</a></div></div></div></article><aside data-testid="texas-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_name="Watch" data-analytics_group_type="texas-20" data-analytics_group_position="1" data-analytics_group_item_count="20" data-analytics_group_link="" class="sc-ba42a659-1 cYqRar"><div data-testid="texas-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="texas-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 cZNAZj"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="texas-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gtFsyR">Watch</span></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="texas-grid" class="sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k4x9jb/mary-mallon-the-most-dangerous-woman-in-america-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp" alt="Mary Mallon: 'The most dangerous woman in America'" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Mary Mallon: 'The most dangerous woman in America'</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How Mary Mallon, an Irish cook for New York's elite, became known as the 'most dangerous woman in America'.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">17 Nov 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k3vzf7/world-war-one-relics-live-on-in-the-fields-of-europe" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp" alt="Europe's 'iron harvest' of war" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">World War One relics live on in the fields of Europe</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The battlegrounds of World War One are still giving up their revealing evidence of bitter fighting.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">12 Nov 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jzg8m7/the-picture-that-tells-a-lesser-known-chapter-of-us-history" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp" alt="The history of the bison skull photo" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The picture that tells a lesser-known chapter of US history</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How a 1892 photo from Rougeville, Michigan, became the most iconic image of the bison massacre in America.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">22 Oct 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jyrzsg/the-history-of-swing-states-in-the-us" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp" alt="The history of swing states" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The history of swing states in the US</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The US Presidential elections did not always depend on just these seven states.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">21 Oct 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jr4z6k/why-tonnes-of-mummified-cats-ended-up-in-england" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp" alt="The 19.5-tonne cargo of cat mummies sent to England" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Why tonnes of mummified cats ended up in England</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">In 1890 an estimated cargo of 180,000 ancient felines, weighing 19.5 tonnes, were auctioned off in Liverpool.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">18 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jpptt2/inside-the-ancient-royal-tomb-found-by-accident" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp" alt="Inside the ancient royal tomb found by accident" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Inside the ancient royal tomb found by accident</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak was accidentally discovered by Bulgarian soldiers digging up shelters in 1944.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">11 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Archaeology</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jphx6z/varna-necropolis-world-s-oldest-gold-treasure" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp" alt="Varna Necropolis: World's oldest gold treasure" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Varna Necropolis: World's oldest gold treasure</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Varna treasure is considered the world's oldest human processed gold, dating back 6,500 years.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">10 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Archaeology</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jnkzzy/the-giant-350-year-old-model-of-st-paul-s-cathedral" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp" alt="The giant 350-year-old model of St Paul's Cathedral" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The giant 350-year-old model of St Paul's Cathedral</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Hiding in a London cathedral is an intricate wooden mock-up of Sir Christopher Wren's masterpiece.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jnbll0/uncovering-the-sunken-relics-of-an-ancient-city" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp" alt="Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Bettany Hughes goes underwater in search of ancient archaeological finds in historic Sozopol, Bulgaria.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">4 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Archaeology</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jjgsd6/texas-fever-the-lesser-known-history-of-the-us-border" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp" alt="Texas fever: The unexpected origin of the federal US/Mexico border" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Texas fever: The lesser-known history of the US border</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">In 1911, a fence was constructed on the US-Mexico border. But its purpose was not to stop humans.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">18 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jh9gjs/century-old-olympics-footage-brought-back-to-life" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp" alt="Century-old Olympics footage brought back to life" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Century-old Olympics footage brought back to life</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A look through footage from the Paris 1924 Olympics gives viewers a chance to reflect on how much has changed.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">9 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Sport</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jcz9cf/the-rare-medieval-street-about-to-reveal-its-secrets" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp" alt="Inside one of Europe's oldest streets" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The rare medieval street about to reveal its secrets</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">One of Europe's oldest residential streets hides in the heart of the English countryside.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j8gcmv/tutankhamun-the-first-ever-view-inside-the-tomb" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp" alt="The first view inside Tutankhamun's tomb" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Tutankhamun: The first ever view inside the tomb</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">One month after the famous discovery, photographer Harry Burton recreated the first view of Tutankhamun's tomb.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j7x5f7/listen-to-the-oldest-known-recording-of-a-human-voice" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp" alt="Listen to the oldest known recording of a human voice" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Listen to the oldest known recording of a human voice</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Thomas Edison wasn't the first person to record sound. It was a Frenchman who invented sound recording in 1857.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">3 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j2f3nz/d-day-veteran-remembers-we-didn-t-have-time-to-be-scared" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp" alt="D-Day veteran remembers: We didn't have time to be scared" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">D-Day veteran remembers: We didn't have time to be scared</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">On the 80th anniversary of D-Day, veterans who were on the beaches of Normandy recount that fateful day.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 Jun 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0hvp7vh/king-charles-one-year-since-the-coronation" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp" alt="Getty Images 1488341755" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">King Charles: One year since the Coronation</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How does King Charles III's Coronation year compare to that of his mother?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">7 May 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0hsxk4n/the-song-that-ended-europe-s-longest-running-fascist-regime" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp" alt="The song that ended a dictatorship" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The song that ended Europe's longest running fascist regime</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Fifty years ago, on April 25, 1974, a Eurovision song gave the signal for a military coup.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">25 Apr 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0ftrxhx/the-tiny-piece-of-the-us-hidden-in-england" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp" alt="EA3 RNE" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The tiny piece of the US hidden in England</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How one day in 1963 changed history forever and created a piece of America in the UK.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">10 Apr 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0h3c672/tracing-marco-polo-s-footsteps-along-the-silk-road" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp" alt="Silk road copy" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Tracing Marco Polo's footsteps along the Silk Road</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">700 years after his death, Marco Polo's travellogue is full of wonder but also 'hard to believe' in some parts.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">7 Apr 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" 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hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">A Russian Spy Story: Vladimir Putin and his time in the KGB</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How Putin 'dreamed of being the Russian version of James Bond'.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">18 Mar 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside><aside data-testid="alaska-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_name="More" data-analytics_group_type="alaska-5" data-analytics_group_position="2" data-analytics_group_item_count="5" data-analytics_group_link="" class="sc-ba42a659-1 GdVOW"><div data-testid="alaska-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div 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class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">The 1969 mission to save Vermont's wild turkey</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">In 1969, a bold plan to restore Vermont's wild turkeys began with a handful of net-trapped birds from New York. What did Vermont get right?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">1 day ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Future</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="zephr_meter_beta"></div><div class="zephr_story_beta"></div></main><hr data-testid="main-footer-divider" class="sc-be00b565-2 cxZZfa"/><footer data-testid="main-footer" class="sc-be00b565-0 hfihLu"><div class="sc-be00b565-3 bMDFAT"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 112 32" category="logo" icon="bbc" style="height:30px" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jbvZzi"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation</title><path d="M111.99999,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,32.0000444 L79.9999905,32.0000444 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All rights reserved. <i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> </i>The<i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC </i>is<i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.</i> <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.</b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> </p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"travel\",\"article\",\"20241118-the-quaint-english-town-where-the-us-future-was-planned\",":{"id":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:travel/article/20241118-the-quaint-english-town-where-the-us-future-was-planned","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The quaint English town where the US' future was planned","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1732107600000}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"topicUrl":"travel/author/russell-higham","blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"By Russell Higham","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"By Russell Higham","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1732107600000}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Lewes town and castle, Sussex (Credit: Alamy)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Lewes town and castle, Sussex (Credit: Alamy)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k59h0l.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Alamy"}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The politely radical English town where one of America's Founding Fathers, and the world's first international revolutionaries, sparked a spirit of rebellion that continues to this very day.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The politely radical English town where one of America's Founding Fathers, and the world's first international revolutionaries, sparked a spirit of rebellion that continues to this very day.","attributes":["bold"]}}]}}],"bodyIntro":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The town of Lewes, with its picturesque cottages and bustling high street full of antiquarian bookshops and artisanal bakeries, might seem the very model of traditional English respectability. Named the \"prettiest place in the UK\" by The Telegraph (a trusted arbiter of British middle-class tastes), sedate tea shops and art galleries line the medieval alleyways where smartly dressed locals greet each other courteously. Even the local flea market, housed in a former Methodist chapel, is an upstanding example of grand Victorian architecture.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The town of Lewes, with its picturesque cottages and bustling high street full of antiquarian bookshops and artisanal bakeries, might seem the very model of traditional English respectability. Named the \"","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"prettiest place in the UK","locator":"https://www.timeout.com/uk/news/this-town-has-been-named-the-prettiest-in-britain-111623","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"prettiest place in the UK","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\" by The Telegraph (a trusted arbiter of British middle-class tastes), sedate tea shops and art galleries line the medieval alleyways where smartly dressed locals greet each other courteously. Even the local flea market, housed in a former Methodist chapel, is an upstanding example of grand Victorian architecture.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Yet beneath this veneer of conservative conformity lies a history of radicalism that runs to the core of this quaint Sussex town. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Yet beneath this veneer of conservative conformity lies a history of radicalism that runs to the core of this quaint Sussex town. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Each year on 5 November, Lewes turns into a blazing frenzy of raucous anti-establishmentarianism. Its cute coffee shops and organic grocery stores lie abandoned as grotesque effigies (or \"tableaux\") of public figures – ranging from British prime ministers and business leaders to the Pope and, more recently, Joe Biden and Donald Trump — are set on fire and paraded through the streets.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Each year on 5 November, Lewes turns into a blazing frenzy of raucous anti-establishmentarianism. Its cute coffee shops and organic grocery stores lie abandoned as grotesque effigies (or \"tableaux\") of public figures – ranging from British prime ministers and business leaders to the Pope and, more recently, Joe Biden and Donald Trump — are set on fire and paraded through the streets.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Lewes Bonfire Night Celebrations, the biggest and oldest in Britain (dating to 1795), exemplify the spirit of rebellion in this town where Thomas Paine, the English-born American Founding Father, political philosopher and one of the world's first international revolutionaries, lived 250 years ago ","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Lewes Bonfire Night Celebrations","locator":"https://www.lewesbonfirecelebrations.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Lewes Bonfire Night Celebrations","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", the biggest and oldest in Britain (dating to 1795), exemplify the spirit of rebellion in this town where ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Thomas Paine","locator":"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Paine","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Thomas Paine","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", the English-born American Founding Father, political philosopher and one of the world's first international revolutionaries, lived 250 years ago ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Paine, whose writings influenced both the American and French Revolutions and helped inspire the US Declaration of Independence, lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street from 1768 to 1774. While working there as an excise officer, collecting taxes on behalf of King George III, Paine was a frequent speaker at a political debating society, The White Hart Evening Club. Its meetings were held at 16th-Century inn The White Hart, also on Lewes High Street, which recently reopened after a major refurbishment as a luxury hotel complete with restaurant and bars, yet retains many of the original features from Paine's time, including his initials carved into one of the fireplaces.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Paine, whose writings influenced both the American and French Revolutions and helped inspire the US Declaration of Independence, lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street from 1768 to 1774. While working there as an excise officer, collecting taxes on behalf of King George III, Paine was a frequent speaker at a political debating society, The White Hart Evening Club. Its meetings were held at 16th-Century inn ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The White Hart","locator":"https://whitehartlewes.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The White Hart","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", also on Lewes High Street, which recently reopened after a major refurbishment as a luxury hotel complete with restaurant and bars, yet retains many of the original features from Paine's time, including his initials carved into one of the fireplaces.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The White Hart has been fully refurbished, but Paine's initials can still be seen in one of the fireplaces (Credit: Nick Smith Photography)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The White Hart has been fully refurbished, but Paine's initials can still be seen in one of the fireplaces (Credit: Nick Smith Photography)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The White Hart has been fully refurbished, but Paine's initials can still be seen in one of the fireplaces (Credit: Nick Smith Photography)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The White Hart has been fully refurbished, but Paine's initials can still be seen in one of the fireplaces (Credit: Nick Smith Photography)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k59hxz.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Nick Smith Photography"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The debating society later changed its name to the Headstrong Club but, now under new management, The White Hart has once again become a centre of life in Lewes. It's also a place of pilgrimage for Americans fascinated to see where many of the ideas that would eventually lead to the birth of their nation were first formulated; as well as for the politely radical citizens of Lewes who celebrate Paine's memory and the enlightenment principles he espoused.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The debating society later changed its name to the Headstrong Club but, now under new management, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The White Hart","locator":"https://whitehartlewes.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The White Hart","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" has once again become a centre of life in Lewes. It's also a place of pilgrimage for Americans fascinated to see where many of the ideas that would eventually lead to the birth of their nation were first formulated; as well as for the politely radical citizens of Lewes who celebrate Paine's memory and the enlightenment principles he espoused.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"I meet in the hotel's lounge with Richard Powell, a retired diplomat who is the current chairman of the new Headstrong Club, relaunched in 1987 on the 250th anniversary of Paine's birth. Over a bottle of Tom Paine ale – brewed locally by Harvey's who were established in 1790 and own several pubs in the town, including The Rights of Man across the road, named after one of Paine's seminal works – Powell tells me how the American Founding Father's spirit is very much alive in Lewes.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"I meet in the hotel's lounge with Richard Powell, a retired diplomat who is the current chairman of the new ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Headstrong Club","locator":"http://headstrongclub.co.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Headstrong Club","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", relaunched in 1987 on the 250th anniversary of Paine's birth. Over a bottle of ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Tom Paine ale","locator":"https://www.harveys.org.uk/beer/tom-paine","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Tom Paine ale","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" – brewed locally by ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Harvey's","locator":"https://www.harveys.org.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Harvey's","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" who were established in 1790 and own several pubs in the town, including ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Rights of Man","locator":"https://www.rightsofmanlewes.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Rights of Man","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" across the road, named after one of ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Paine's seminal works","locator":"https://www.penguin.com.au/books/the-rights-of-man-and-common-sense-9781857151893","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Paine's seminal works","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" – Powell tells me how the American Founding Father's spirit is very much alive in Lewes.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Any 'citizen of the world' is welcome,\" he says, quoting one of Paine's famous phrases, \"at our monthly meetings [now held at the Elephant \u0026 Castle pub within walking distance of The White Hart]. They can just pay £5 on the door. We're also happy to be approached by people wanting to propose a subject to speak about, just like Tom [Paine] used to. We get viewpoints right across the spectrum, and some of them do occasionally cause pain – no pun intended – such as the time we had a discussion on gender identity and the police had to be brought in to deal with threats being made to some opinion holders.\" ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Any 'citizen of the world' is welcome,\" he says, quoting one of Paine's famous phrases, \"at our monthly meetings [now held at the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Elephant \u0026 Castle pub","locator":"https://www.visitlewes.co.uk/food-and-drink/elephant-and-castle-p1404191","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Elephant \u0026 Castle pub","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" within walking distance of The White Hart]. They can just pay £5 on the door. We're also happy to be approached by people wanting to propose a subject to speak about, just like Tom [Paine] used to. We get viewpoints right across the spectrum, and some of them do occasionally cause pain – no pun intended – such as the time we had a discussion on gender identity and the police had to be brought in to deal with threats being made to some opinion holders.\" ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Might the US's new president-elect be a future subject for debate, I ask him. \"Not while I'm in charge,\" Powell laughs. \"We tend more towards things like the politics of climate change, or the role of church and state – a topic that Paine himself felt and wrote strongly about.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Might the US's new president-elect be a future subject for debate, I ask him. \"Not while I'm in charge,\" Powell laughs. \"We tend more towards things like the politics of climate change, or the role of church and state – a topic that Paine himself felt and wrote strongly about.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Bonfire Night celebrations in Lewes are the biggest and oldest in Britain (Credit: Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Bonfire Night celebrations in Lewes are the biggest and oldest in Britain (Credit: Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Bonfire Night celebrations in Lewes are the biggest and oldest in Britain (Credit: Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Bonfire Night celebrations in Lewes are the biggest and oldest in Britain (Credit: Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k59j7b.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Getty Images"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A statue of Paine stands proudly outside the town's library, whilst his tradition of bold political discourse is also honoured at the annual Lewes Speakers Festival. The January 2025 event will feature Penny Mordaunt, the former UK Secretary of State for Defence, talking about how the country's deep divisions can be overcome by political reform. A subject that Paine – who once said, \"We have it in our power to begin the world over again\" (quoted in speeches by both Ronald Regan in 1980 and Barack Obama in 2009) – would have no doubt approved.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A statue of Paine stands proudly outside the town's library, whilst his tradition of bold political discourse is also honoured at the annual ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Lewes Speakers Festival","locator":"https://www.speakersfestivals.com/lewes-speakers-festival","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Lewes Speakers Festival","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". The January 2025 event will feature Penny Mordaunt, the former UK Secretary of State for Defence, talking about how the country's deep divisions can be overcome by political reform. A subject that Paine – who once said, \"We have it in our power to begin the world over again\" (quoted in speeches by both Ronald Regan in 1980 and Barack Obama in 2009) – would have no doubt approved.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"After being fired from his job for attacking its pay and conditions in his first published pamphlet, \"The Case of the Officers of Excise\", Paine left Lewes for Philadelphia in 1774, intending to make a new life in the American Colonies (on the advice of Benjamin Franklin whom he had met in London). It was here that he used the political skills he had honed in Lewes to write \"Common Sense\". This 50-page pamphlet, the most widely read during the American Revolution, sold more than half a million copies and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence, which Paine is believed to have helped draft, by advocating for a republican government free from British control. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"After being fired from his job for attacking its pay and conditions in his first published pamphlet, \"The Case of the Officers of Excise\", Paine left Lewes for Philadelphia in 1774, intending to make a new life in the American Colonies (on the advice of Benjamin Franklin whom he had met in London). It was here that he used the political skills he had honed in Lewes to write \"Common Sense\". This 50-page pamphlet, the most widely read during the American Revolution, sold more than half a million copies and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence, which Paine is believed to have helped draft, by advocating for a republican government free from British control. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Bull House, where he lived, is now in the hands of the Sussex Archaeological Society; established in 1846, it is the oldest of its kind in Britain. According to the Society's museums officer, Emma O'Connor, Lewes is a magnet for visiting history lovers as well as for residents moving here from the capital (known as DFLs: \"down-from-Londoners\"), many of whom commute to arts and media jobs in London, just more than an hour away. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Bull House, where he lived, is now in the hands of the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Sussex Archaeological Society","locator":"https://sussexpast.co.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Sussex Archaeological Society","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"; established in 1846, it is the oldest of its kind in Britain. According to the Society's museums officer, Emma O'Connor, Lewes is a magnet for visiting history lovers as well as for residents moving here from the capital (known as DFLs: \"down-from-Londoners\"), many of whom commute to arts and media jobs in London, just more than an hour away. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_3"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"More like this:","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"More like this:","attributes":["bold"]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• England’s sleepy ‘Scientology town’","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"England’s sleepy ‘Scientology town’","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210103-englands-sleepy-scientology-town","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"England’s sleepy ‘Scientology town’","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• Sealand: A peculiar ‘nation’ off England’s coast","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Sealand: A peculiar ‘nation’ off England’s coast","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200706-sealand-a-peculiar-nation-off-englands-coast","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Sealand: A peculiar ‘nation’ off England’s coast","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• The surprising 'lesbian capital of the UK'","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The surprising 'lesbian capital of the UK'","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20241025-hebden-bridge-the-surprising-lesbian-capital-of-the-uk","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The surprising 'lesbian capital of the UK'","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"A lot of Thomas Paine's Lewes would still be familiar to him today,\" she said. \"Lewes is a historic town and all the best bits are still there. And for anybody that has a mind to, there's a lot going on that's of interest and lots of avenues for self-enlightenment, whatever your interests may be. We've Glyndebourne [opera house] on the doorstep, as well as Brighton a few miles down the road. And you can't fail to notice that bang in the middle of Lewes High Street, there's a stonking great castle!\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"A lot of Thomas Paine's Lewes would still be familiar to him today,\" she said. \"Lewes is a historic town and all the best bits are still there. And for anybody that has a mind to, there's a lot going on that's of interest and lots of avenues for self-enlightenment, whatever your interests may be. We've ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Glyndebourne","locator":"https://www.glyndebourne.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Glyndebourne","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" [opera house] on the doorstep, as well as ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Brighton","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200315-how-brighton-became-an-epicentre-of-freedom","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Brighton","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" a few miles down the road. And you can't fail to notice that bang in the middle of Lewes High Street, there's a stonking great castle!\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Paine lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street for six years while he worked as an excise officer (Credit: Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Paine lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street for six years while he worked as an excise officer (Credit: Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Paine lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street for six years while he worked as an excise officer (Credit: Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Paine lived in Bull House on Lewes' High Street for six years while he worked as an excise officer (Credit: Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k59jl1.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Getty Images"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Originally begun just after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 (the site of which lies less than 25 miles to the east of Lewes), the Norman castle took 300 years to complete. It is open to the public and now adjoins Lewes Museum, which covers all periods of the town's history, including Paine and the annual bonfire celebrations. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Originally begun just after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 (the site of which lies less than 25 miles to the east of Lewes), ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the Norman castle","locator":"https://www.visitlewes.co.uk/things-to-do/lewes-castle-and-barbican-house-museum-p1094071","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the Norman castle","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" took 300 years to complete. It is open to the public and now adjoins ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Lewes Museum","locator":"https://sussexpast.co.uk/attraction/lewes-castle/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Lewes Museum","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", which covers all periods of the town's history, including Paine and the annual bonfire celebrations. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"More recently, one of the most famous of all people connected with Lewes – and one that perfectly embodies the town's spirit of \"respectable and reserved on the outside, radical and revolutionary on the inside\" – is the writer Virginia Woolf. Part of the Bloomsbury group, a coterie of avant-garde artists, writers and intellectuals whose uninhibited, polyamorous lifestyles predated the 1960s' sexual revolution by decades, Woolf took rooms in 1910 at The Pelham Arms on Lewes High Street. She later owned the Round House in Pipe's Passage, a building she described in a letter to the painter Dora Carrington, as \"the butt end of an old windmill\". Her final, more aesthetically pleasing home – and inspiration for her short story The Orchard – Monks House in neighbouring Rodmell, was purchased at an auction in The White Hart.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"More recently, one of the most famous of all people connected with Lewes – and one that perfectly embodies the town's spirit of \"respectable and reserved on the outside, radical and revolutionary on the inside\" – is the writer Virginia Woolf. Part of the Bloomsbury group, a coterie of avant-garde artists, writers and intellectuals whose uninhibited, polyamorous lifestyles predated the 1960s' sexual revolution by decades, Woolf took rooms in 1910 at ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Pelham Arms","locator":"https://www.thepelhamarms.co.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Pelham Arms","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" on Lewes High Street. She later owned the Round House in Pipe's Passage, a building she described in a letter to the painter Dora Carrington, as \"the butt end of an old windmill\". Her final, more aesthetically pleasing home – and inspiration for her short story The Orchard – ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Monks House","locator":"https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/sussex/monks-house","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Monks House","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in neighbouring Rodmell, was purchased at an auction in The White Hart.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_4"},{"type":"callout","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Virginia Woolf's younger sister, the artist Vanessa Bell, also lived just outside Lewes, at Charleston Farmhouse in Firle. In March 2025, Charleston in Lewes, just behind The White Hart, will stage the largest-ever exhibition of her work, featuring more than 100 exhibits and running until September.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Virginia Woolf's younger sister, the artist Vanessa Bell, also lived just outside Lewes, at ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Charleston Farmhouse","locator":"https://www.charleston.org.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Charleston Farmhouse","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in Firle. In March 2025, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Charleston in Lewes","locator":"https://www.charleston.org.uk/charleston-lewes/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Charleston in Lewes","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", just behind The White Hart, will stage ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the largest-ever exhibition of her work","locator":"https://www.charleston.org.uk/exhibition/vanessa-bell-a-world-of-form-and-colour/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the largest-ever exhibition of her work","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", featuring more than 100 exhibits and running until September.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Vanessa's grandson (and Virginia's Woolf's great-nephew), Julian Bell, is himself an artist and fellow Lewesian. He believes \"the Lewes area has always had a community on the radical, liberal side, including some of my ancestors who were, I suppose, the original DFLs\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Vanessa's grandson (and Virginia's Woolf's great-nephew), Julian Bell, is himself an artist and fellow Lewesian. He believes \"the Lewes area has always had a community on the radical, liberal side, including some of my ancestors who were, I suppose, the original DFLs\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Bell's mural of Thomas Paine, painted in 1994, is on display in the town's Market Passage. And, for this year's Lewes Bonfire Celebrations, he helped create a tableau of the Houses of Parliament which were then blown up as part of the town's anarchic festivities. \"We were fulfilling Guy Fawkes' intentions to destroy the seat of parliamentary democracy,\" Bell tells me, jokingly.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Bell's ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"mural","locator":"https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1097645","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"mural","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" of Thomas Paine, painted in 1994, is on display in the town's Market Passage. And, for this year's ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Lewes Bonfire Celebrations","locator":"https://www.lewesbonfirecelebrations.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Lewes Bonfire Celebrations","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", he helped create a tableau of the Houses of Parliament which were then blown up as part of the town's anarchic festivities. \"We were fulfilling Guy Fawkes' intentions to destroy the seat of parliamentary democracy,\" Bell tells me, jokingly.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Visitors can see a portrait of Paine by contemporary sculptor Marcus Cornish outside the library (Credit: Russell Higham)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Visitors can see a portrait of Paine by contemporary sculptor Marcus Cornish outside the library (Credit: Russell Higham)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Visitors can see a portrait of Paine by contemporary sculptor Marcus Cornish outside the library (Credit: Russell Higham)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Visitors can see a portrait of Paine by contemporary sculptor Marcus Cornish outside the library (Credit: Russell Higham)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1280,"width":1024,"locator":"/p0k59kd8.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Russell Higham"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Paine and his respectfully rebellious friends at The White Hart preferred a less direct form of action to Guy Fawkes: the power of the printing press. Before the days of electronic communications, printed pamphlets were the social media posts of their day; used by activists and thinkers, such as Paine, to disseminate ideas and rally national or even international support for change and justice. A press similar to the one that Paine used to publish his pamphlets is on display across the road from Bull House at The Tom Paine Printing Press and Gallery. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Paine and his respectfully rebellious friends at The White Hart preferred a less direct form of action to Guy Fawkes: the power of the printing press. Before the days of electronic communications, printed pamphlets were the social media posts of their day; used by activists and thinkers, such as Paine, to disseminate ideas and rally national or even international support for change and justice. A press similar to the one that Paine used to publish his pamphlets is on display across the road from Bull House at ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Tom Paine Printing Press and Gallery","locator":"https://tpppl.wordpress.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Tom Paine Printing Press and Gallery","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_5"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"The world is my country, all mankind are my brethren\" is another of the favourite sayings of the political philosopher, whose writings inspired and helped shape revolutions in both America and Europe. However far and wide this pioneering revolutionary and his rebellious ideas travelled, though, there will forever be a part of him that remains in Lewes. For those looking to change the world themselves – or merely enjoy a quiet pint by a cosy fireplace – The White Hart in Lewes is not a bad place to start.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The world is my country, all mankind are my brethren\" is another of the favourite sayings of the political philosopher, whose writings inspired and helped shape revolutions in both America and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Europe","locator":"https://thomaspaine.org/pages/resources/what-was-paine-s-role-in-the-french-revolution.html","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Europe","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". However far and wide this pioneering revolutionary and his rebellious ideas travelled, though, there will forever be a part of him that remains in Lewes. For those looking to change the world themselves – or merely enjoy a quiet pint by a cosy fireplace – The White Hart in Lewes is not a bad place to start.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"--","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"--","attributes":["italic"]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"If you liked this story, sign up for The Essential List newsletter – a handpicked selection of features, videos and can't-miss news, delivered to your inbox twice a week. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"If you liked this story, ","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"sign up for The Essential List newsletter","locator":"https://cloud.email.bbc.com/SignUp10_08?\u0026at_bbc_team=studios\u0026at_medium=Onsite\u0026at_objective=acquisition\u0026at_ptr_name=bbc.com\u0026at_link_origin=featuresarticle\u0026at_campaign=essentiallist\u0026at_campaign_type=owned\u0026\u0026\u0026\u0026\u0026","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"sign up for The Essential List newsletter","attributes":["italic","bold"]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" – a handpicked selection of features, videos and can't-miss news, delivered to your inbox twice a week. ","attributes":["italic"]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"For more Travel stories from the BBC, follow us on Facebook, X and Instagram.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"For more Travel stories from the BBC, follow us on","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":" Facebook","locator":"https://www.facebook.com/BBCTravel/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" Facebook","attributes":["italic"]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":",","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":" X","locator":"https://twitter.com/BBC_Travel","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" X","attributes":["italic"]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":" Instagram","locator":"https://www.instagram.com/bbc_travel/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" 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