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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleria_dei_vagoni_ferroviari_Pullman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Galleria dei vagoni ferroviari Pullman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleria_dei_vagoni_ferroviari_Pullman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_Palace_Car_Company" title="Pullman Palace Car Company - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pullman Palace Car Company" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_Company" title="Pullman Company - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pullman Company" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_Company" title="Pullman Company - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pullman Company" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="color: black;background:#FCE3C6">Pullman Company</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works,_1893.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works%2C_1893.jpg/260px-Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works%2C_1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works%2C_1893.jpg/390px-Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works%2C_1893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works%2C_1893.jpg/520px-Workers_leave_the_Pullman_Palace_Car_Works%2C_1893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3227" data-file-height="1991" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Lavoratori all'uscita della fabbrica nel 1893 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato" title="Stato">Stato</a></th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati Uniti (bandiera)"><img alt="Stati Uniti (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Fondazione</th><td><a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> a Chicago </td></tr><tr><th>Fondata da</th><td><a href="/wiki/George_Pullman" title="George Pullman">George Pullman</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Chiusura</th><td><a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Sede principale</th><td><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> e <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Settore_economico" title="Settore economico">Settore</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Trasporto" title="Trasporto">Trasporto</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Prodotti</th><td><a href="/wiki/Carrozza_letti" title="Carrozza letti">carrozze letto</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002710" class="extiw" title="d:Q2002710"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Pullman Company su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Azienda/man" title="Template:Azienda/man"><span title="Manuale del template Azienda">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>Pullman Company</b>, fondata da <a href="/wiki/George_Pullman" title="George Pullman">George Pullman</a>, era un'azienda produttrice di vagoni ferroviari tra la metà e la fine del <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a> fino alla prima metà del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a>, durante il massimo sviluppo delle ferrovie negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a>. Attraverso la rapida adozione della produzione di massa alla fine del XIX secolo e l'acquisizione di aziende rivali, arrivò a detenere un sostanziale monopolio sulla produzione e la proprietà di vagoni letto. </p><p>Al suo apice, all'inizio del XX secolo, le sue carrozze ospitavano 26 milioni di persone all'anno, e in effetti gestiva "il più grande hotel del mondo".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I suoi operai di produzione inizialmente vivevano in una comunità di lavoratori pianificata (o "<a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_aziendale" title="Città aziendale">città aziendale</a>") chiamata Pullman a <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Pullman progettò il <a href="/wiki/Carrozza_letti" title="Carrozza letti">vagone letto</a>, che portò questo nome fino agli anni 1980. Non si limitava a fabbricare i vagoni, ma li gestiva anche sulla maggior parte delle ferrovie degli Stati Uniti, pagando le compagnie ferroviarie per accoppiare le sue carrozze letto ai treni; in cambio, entro la metà del XX secolo, queste ferrovie avrebbero posseduto Pullman a titolo definitivo. Il sindacato interno all'azienda, la <i>Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters</i>, fondato e organizzato da <a href="/wiki/Asa_Philip_Randolph" title="Asa Philip Randolph">Asa Philip Randolph</a>, fu una delle più potenti entità politiche afroamericane del XX secolo. L'azienda costruì anche migliaia di <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> e <a href="/wiki/Filobus" title="Filobus">filobus</a> per l'uso in città. I cambiamenti del secondo dopoguerra nel trasporto automobilistico e aereo portarono a un forte declino delle fortune dell'azienda. Si fuse nel 1968, con una società successiva che continuò a essere operativa fino al 1981. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dopo aver trascorso la notte dormendo al suo posto durante un viaggio in treno da <a href="/wiki/Buffalo" title="Buffalo">Buffalo</a> a <a href="/wiki/Westfield_(New_York)" title="Westfield (New York)">Westfield</a>, nello <a href="/wiki/New_York_(Stato)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York (Stato)">Stato di New York</a>, George Pullman trasse l'ispirazione per progettare un vagone passeggeri migliorato che contenesse posti letto per tutti i passeggeri. Durante il giorno, la cuccetta superiore veniva ripiegata in modo simile al vano bagagli sopraelevato di un aereo di linea moderno. Di notte si ribaltava e i due sedili contrapposti sotto di essa fornivano una cuccetta inferiore relativamente confortevole. Sebbene questa fosse una sistemazione un po' spartana per gli standard odierni, fu un grande miglioramento rispetto alla situazione precedente. Le tende fornivano privacy e c'erano bagni, in ciascuna estremità della carrozza, per uomini e donne. La prima carrozza Pullman fu costruita nelle officine Chicago & Alton a <a href="/wiki/Bloomington_(Illinois)" title="Bloomington (Illinois)">Bloomington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> nella primavera del 1859 con il permesso del presidente della Chicago & Alton Joel A. Matteson. </p><p>Pullman fondò la sua azienda nel 1862 e costruì vagoni letto di lusso che offrivano moquette, tendaggi, sedie imbottite, biblioteche, tavoli da gioco e un livello di servizio ai clienti senza precedenti. Nuove ruote brevettate fornirono un viaggio più silenzioso e fluido rispetto alle ruote in <a href="/wiki/Ghisa" title="Ghisa">ghisa</a> convenzionali dal 1867 al 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-Lienhard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lienhard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cupery_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cupery-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un tempo un nome familiare a causa della sua grande quota di mercato, la Pullman Company era anche nota per l'aspro <a href="/wiki/Sciopero_Pullman" title="Sciopero Pullman">sciopero Pullman</a> dei suoi lavoratori e leader sindacali nel 1894. Durante una <a href="/wiki/Panico_del_1893" title="Panico del 1893">crisi economica</a>, Pullman ridusse le ore e gli stipendi ma non gli affitti, facendo scattare uno sciopero. I lavoratori aderirono all'American Railway Union, guidata da <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Victor_Debs" title="Eugene Victor Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>. </p><p>Dopo la morte di George Pullman, nel 1897, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Robert Todd Lincoln</a>, figlio di <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, divenne presidente della compagnia. La Pullman acquistò la Standard Steel Car Company nel 1930 durante la <a href="/wiki/Grande_depressione" title="Grande depressione">Grande depressione</a> e l'entità risultante dalla fusione divenne la Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company. L'azienda chiuse la sua fabbrica nel quartiere Pullman di Chicago nel 1955. La società cessò la produzione, dopo le vetture Amtrak Superliner, nel 1982 e i suoi restanti modelli furono acquistati nel 1987 quando fu assorbita da <a href="/wiki/Bombardier" title="Bombardier">Bombardier</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleria_dei_vagoni_ferroviari_Pullman">Galleria dei vagoni ferroviari Pullman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Galleria dei vagoni ferroviari Pullman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Galleria dei vagoni ferroviari Pullman"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pullman_car_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista esterna di una carrozza Pullman"><img alt="Vista esterna di una carrozza Pullman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pullman_car_exterior.jpg/223px-Pullman_car_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pullman_car_exterior.jpg/334px-Pullman_car_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pullman_car_exterior.jpg/445px-Pullman_car_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5352" data-file-height="3606" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vista esterna di una carrozza Pullman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pullman_car_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista interna di una carrozza Pullman"><img alt="Vista interna di una carrozza Pullman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pullman_car_interior.jpg/189px-Pullman_car_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Pullman_car_interior.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vista interna di una carrozza Pullman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuccetta superiore e inferiore"><img alt="Cuccetta superiore e inferiore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg/100px-PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg/150px-PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg/201px-PassengerCarInteriorSRM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cuccetta superiore e inferiore</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 143.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 141.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Blue_coach_(B%26O_1890).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carrozza Pullman costruito nel 1890 per il Royal Blue train, ora al B&O Railroad Museum di Baltimora, Maryland"><img alt="Carrozza Pullman costruito nel 1890 per il Royal Blue train, ora al B&O Railroad Museum di Baltimora, Maryland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Royal_Blue_coach_%28B%26O_1890%29.jpg/212px-Royal_Blue_coach_%28B%26O_1890%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Royal_Blue_coach_%28B%26O_1890%29.jpg/318px-Royal_Blue_coach_%28B%26O_1890%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Royal_Blue_coach_%28B%26O_1890%29.jpg/424px-Royal_Blue_coach_%28B%26O_1890%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="1213" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carrozza Pullman costruito nel 1890 per il Royal Blue train, ora al <i>B&O Railroad Museum</i> di Baltimora, Maryland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="La Santa Fe Business Car #405, nota anche come Superintendent's Car, era una delle diciotto vetture costruite nel 1927 dalla Pullman Company come parte del quarto ordine di carrozze aziendali per i sovrintendenti della divisione"><img alt="La Santa Fe Business Car #405, nota anche come Superintendent's Car, era una delle diciotto vetture costruite nel 1927 dalla Pullman Company come parte del quarto ordine di carrozze aziendali per i sovrintendenti della divisione" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG/200px-Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG/300px-Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG/400px-Chandler-Arizona_Railroad_museum-Superintendent%27s_Car-1927.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La <i>Santa Fe Business Car #405</i>, nota anche come <i>Superintendent's Car</i>, era una delle diciotto vetture costruite nel 1927 dalla Pullman Company come parte del quarto ordine di carrozze aziendali per i sovrintendenti della divisione</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Costruita nel 1928, la "Amundsen", secondo quanto riferito, in diverse occasioni trasportava i presidenti Herbert Hoover, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman e Dwight D. Eisenhower"><img alt="Costruita nel 1928, la "Amundsen", secondo quanto riferito, in diverse occasioni trasportava i presidenti Herbert Hoover, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman e Dwight D. Eisenhower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg/200px-SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg/300px-SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg/400px-SD-Roald_Amundsen_Pullman_Private_Railroad_Car_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Costruita nel 1928, la "Amundsen", secondo quanto riferito, in diverse occasioni trasportava i presidenti <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Martha T. Briggs e Cunthia H. Perters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webvoyage.carli.illinois.edu/nby/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBRecID=126266&v3=1&SEQ=20180409083351&PID=wSKy4NhMLRK2Z8jw8Jiu6"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pullman Company Archives</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">webvoyage.carli.illinois.edu</span>, Newberry Library, 1995, p. v. <small>URL consultato il 9 aprile 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Super User, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913013603/http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-4-2011/82-marktown-clayton-marks-planned-worker-community-in-northwest-indiana"><span style="font-style:italic;">South Shore Journal - Marktown: Clayton Mark's Planned Worker Community in Northwest Indiana</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">southshorejournal.org</span> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-4-2011/82-marktown-clayton-marks-planned-worker-community-in-northwest-indiana">url originale</abbr> il 13 settembre 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lienhard-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Lienhard_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">John H. Lienhard: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi758.htm"><i>Engines of Our Enginuity, No. 758: Paper railroad wheels.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cupery-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Cupery_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Ken Cupery, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cupery.net/wheels.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Paper Railroad Wheels?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cupery.net</span>, 2016.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">J. Wallace: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model/ddff1b906b33ba66b217b87885bf3653/Pullman-Palace-Car-Works-The-Allen-Paper-Wheel-Company"><i>Pullman Palace Car Works: The Allen Paper Wheel Company.</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Seymour Kashin e Harre Demoro, <span style="font-style:italic;">An American Original: The PCC Car</span>, Glendale, CA (US), Interurban Press, 1986, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-916374-73-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-916374-73-4">0-916374-73-4</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Tye, Larry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/risingfromrailsp00tyel"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rising from the Rails: Pullman Porters and the Making of the Black Middle Class</span></a>, Henry Holt and Company, 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8050-7850-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8050-7850-9">0-8050-7850-9</a>.</cite></li> <li>Knoll, Charles (1995). <i>Go Pullman: Life and Times</i>. Rochester, NY (US): Rochester Chapter National Raillway Historical Society, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-9605296-3-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-9605296-3-2">ISBN 0-9605296-3-2</a></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Stanley Buder, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pullmanexperimen0000bude"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pullman: An Experiment in Industrial Order and Community Planning 1880–1930</span></a>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1967, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0195008388" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0195008388">978-0195008388</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Pullman Company"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pullman_Company?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pullman_Company?uselang=it">Pullman Company</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pullman_Company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tallskinny.com/pullman">La città Pullman Company oggi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pullmanshops.com">Pullman Shops di Richmond, California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pullmanproject.com/">Il progetto Pullman</a> questo sito Web si concentra esclusivamente sui vagoni letto Pullman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amhistory.si.edu/archives/d8181.htm">Smithsonian, Collezione Pullman Palace Car Company, 1867–1979</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517175847/http://amhistory.si.edu/archives/d8181.htm">Archiviato</a> il 17 maggio 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utahrails.net/pass/pass-pullman.php">Pullman History at UtahRails.net</a> Include una cronologia del caso antitrust Pullman.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tramz.com/cl/tb/pm.html">I filobus Pullman di Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mms.newberry.org/xml/xml_files/Beberdick.xml">Collezione Frank H. 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<span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>13 lingue</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon 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