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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_General_View_of_Positivism_(1848,_1856)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>A General View of Positivism</i> (1848, 1856)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_General_View_of_Positivism_(1848,_1856)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_of_positive_polity_(1852)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_of_positive_polity_(1852)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>System of positive polity</i> (1852)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_of_positive_polity_(1852)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte_(1853)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte_(1853)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><i>The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte</i> (1853)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte_(1853)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotes_about_Comte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotes_about_Comte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Quotes about Comte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotes_about_Comte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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href="https://bg.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Огюст Конт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Огюст Конт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA" title="اگوست کنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اگوست کنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98" title="אוגוסט קונט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוגוסט קונט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ogiustas_Kontas" title="Ogiustas Kontas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ogiustas Kontas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/August_Comte" title="August Comte – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="August Comte" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Огюст Конт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огюст Конт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Auguste Comte" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auguste_Comte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Auguste_Comte.jpg/220px-Auguste_Comte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Auguste_Comte.jpg/330px-Auguste_Comte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Auguste_Comte.jpg/440px-Auguste_Comte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Social positivism only accepts <a href="/wiki/Duties" class="mw-redirect" title="Duties">duties</a>, for all and towards all. Its constant social viewpoint cannot include any notion of <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a>, for such notion always rests on <a href="/wiki/Individuality" title="Individuality">individuality</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" class="extiw" title="w:Auguste Comte">Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/19_January" class="mw-redirect" title="19 January">19 January</a> <a href="/wiki/1798" class="mw-disambig" title="1798">1798</a> – <a href="/wiki/5_September" class="mw-redirect" title="5 September">5 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" class="mw-disambig" title="1857">1857</a>) was a French philosopher who coined the terms "<a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">altruism</a>" and developed forms of social discipline he called <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg/220px-Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg/330px-Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg/440px-Hierarchy_of_academics_disciplines_according_to_Comte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption>Hierarchy of academic disciplines according to <a href="/wiki/August_Comte" class="mw-redirect" title="August Comte">August Comte</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>See also: <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte" title="The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte">The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_Mathematics_(Comte)" title="The Philosophy of Mathematics (Comte)">The Philosophy of Mathematics</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>To <a href="/wiki/Understand" class="mw-redirect" title="Understand">understand</a> a <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> it is <a href="/wiki/Necessary" class="mw-redirect" title="Necessary">necessary</a> to know its <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>.</b> <ul><li><i>A Course of Positive Philosophy</i> (1832 - 1842) [Six volumes]</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>The <a href="/wiki/Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead">dead</a> <a href="/wiki/Govern" class="mw-redirect" title="Govern">govern</a> the <a href="/wiki/Living" title="Living">living</a>.</b> <ul><li><i>Le Catéchisme positiviste</i> (1852)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Social positivism only accepts <a href="/wiki/Duties" class="mw-redirect" title="Duties">duties</a>, for all and towards all. Its constant social viewpoint cannot include any notion of rights, for such notion always rests on <a href="/wiki/Individuality" title="Individuality">individuality</a>.</b> We are born under a load of obligations of every kind, to our predecessors, to our successors, to our contemporaries. These obligations then increase or accumulate, for it is some time before we can return any service. … Any human right is therefore as absurd as immoral. Since there are no divine rights anymore, this concept must therefore disappear completely as related only to the preliminary regime and totally inconsistent with the final state where there are only duties based on functions. <ul><li><i>Le Catéchisme positiviste</i> (1852)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Men are not allowed to think freely about <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and biology: why should they be allowed to think freely about <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>? <ul><li>As quoted in <i>A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations</i> (1991) by Alan Lindsay Mackay</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Foreknowledge is <a href="/wiki/Power" title="Power">power</a>. <ul><li>As quoted in <i>A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations</i> (1991) by Alan Lindsay Mackay</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_General_View_of_Positivism_(1848,_1856)"><span id="A_General_View_of_Positivism_.281848.2C_1856.29"></span><i>A General View of Positivism</i> (1848, 1856)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A General View of Positivism (1848, 1856)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><small><i>A General View of Positivism</i> Translated from the French of by J. H. BRIDGES, M.B. Late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53799">Gutenberg</a></small></dd></dl> <ul><li>Reorganisation, irrespectively of God or king, by the worship of Humanity, systematically adopted. Man’s only right is to do his duty. The Intellect should always be the servant of the Heart, and should never be its slave. <ul><li>Title Page</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The object of all true Philosophy is to frame a system which shall comprehend human life under every aspect, social as well as individual. It embraces, therefore, the three kinds of phenomena of which our life consists, Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions. <ul><li>p. 9</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The first condition of unity is a subjective principle; and this principle in the Positive system is the subordination of the intellect to the heart: Without this the unity that we seek can never be placed on a permanent basis, whether individually or collectively. It is essential to have some influence sufficiently powerful to produce convergence amid the heterogeneous and often antagonistic tendencies of so complex an organism as ours. <ul><li>p. 24</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It lays down, as is generally known, that our speculations upon all subjects whatsoever, pass necessarily through three successive stages: a Theological stage, in which free play is given to spontaneous fictions admitting of no proof; the Metaphysical stage, characterized by the prevalence of personified abstractions or entities; lastly, the Positive stage, based upon an exact view of the real facts of the case. <ul><li>p. 36</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>And now I have explained the series of social and intellectual conditions by which the discovery of sociological laws, and consequently the foundation of Positivism, was fixed for the precise date at which I began my philosophical career: that is to say, one generation after the progressive dictatorship of the Convention, and almost immediately after the fall of the retrograde tyranny of Bonaparte. <ul><li>p. 71</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It was under Catholic Feudalism that they were first united; a union for which their incorporation into the Roman empire had prepared them, and which was finally organized by the incomparable genius of Charlemagne. <ul><li>p. 88</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>There are three successive states of morality answering to the three principal stages of human life; the personal, the domestic, and the social stage. <ul><li>p. 104</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The principal means of realizing it will be the formation of an alliance between philosophers and the working classes, for which both are alike prepared by the negative and positive progress of the last five centuries. The direct object of their combined action will be to set in motion the force of Public Opinion. <ul><li>p. 153</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The errors of Communism must be rectified; but there is no necessity for giving up the name, which is a simple assertion of the paramount importance of Social Feeling. However, now that we have happily passed from monarchy to republicanism, the name of Communist is no longer indispensable; the word Republican expresses the meaning as well, and without the same danger. Positivism, then, has nothing to fear from Communism; on the contrary, it will probably be accepted by most Communists among the working classes, especially in France where abstractions have but little influence on minds thoroughly emancipated from theology. The people will gradually find that the solution of the great social problem which Positivism offers is better than the Communistic solution. <ul><li>p. 169</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Thus the social position of women is in this respect very similar to that of philosophers and of the working classes. And we now see why these three elements should be united. It is their combined action which constitutes the moral or modifying force of society. <ul><li>p. 235</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>All classes, therefore, must be brought under women’s influence; for all require to be reminded constantly of the great truth that Reason and Activity are subordinate to Feeling. Of their influence upon philosophers I have spoken. If they are men worthy of their mission, they will be conscious of the tendency which their life has to harden them and lead them into useless speculation; and they will feel the need of renewing the ardour of their social sympathy at its native source. Feeling, when it is pure and deep, corrects its own errors, because they clash with the good to which it is ever tending. But erroneous use of the intellectual or practical faculties, cannot be even recognized, much less corrected, without the aid of Affection, which is the only part of our nature that suffers directly from such errors. Therefore whenever either the philosopher or the people deviate from duty, it will be the part of women to remonstrate with them gently, and recall them to the true social principles which are entrusted to their special charge. <ul><li>p. 253-254</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A common monetary standard will be established, with the consent of the various governments, by which industrial transactions will be greatly facilitated. Three spheres made respectively of gold, silver, and platinum, and each weighing fifty grammes, would differ sufficiently in value for the purpose. The sphere should have a small flattened base, and on the great circle parallel to it the Positivist motto would be inscribed. At the pole would be the image of the immortal Charlemagne, the founder of the Western Republic, and round the image his name would be engraved, in its Latin form, Carolus; that name, respected as it is by all nations of Europe alike, would be the common appellation of the universal monetary standard. <ul><li>p. 430</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_of_positive_polity_(1852)"><span id="System_of_positive_polity_.281852.29"></span><i>System of positive polity</i> (1852)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: System of positive polity (1852)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><small><i>System of Positive Polity</i>, Volume II, translated by Frederic Harrison, Longman, Green & Co., London, 1875 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/systemofpositive02comt">University of California Libraries/Internet Archive</a>.</small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical Analysis">Mathematical Analysis</a> is... the true rational basis of the whole system of our positive knowledge. <ul><li>Bk. 1, chap. 1; as cited in: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edouard_Moritz" title="Robert Edouard Moritz">Robert Edouard Moritz</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memorabiliamathe00moriiala#page/81/mode/2up">Memorabilia mathematica; or, The philomath's quotation-book</a>,</i> (1914), p. 224</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Every attempt to refer chemical questions to mathematical doctrines must be considered, now and always, profoundly irrational, as being contrary to the nature of the phenomena. . . . but if the employment of <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_analysis" title="Mathematical analysis">mathematical analysis</a> should ever become so preponderant in chemistry (an aberration which is happily almost impossible) it would occasion vast and rapid retrogradation....</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a> forms a kind of <a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">wealth</a>, which all can make use of at once without causing any diminution of the store, and which thus admits a complete community of enjoyment; for all, freely participating in the general treasure, unconsciously aid in its preservation. <ul><li>Volume II, p. 213</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Notwithstanding the eminent difficulties of the mathematical theory of sonorous vibrations, we owe to it such progress as has yet been made in acoustics. The formation of the differential equations proper to the phenomena is, independent of their integration, a very important acquisition, on account of the approximations which <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_analysis" title="Mathematical analysis">mathematical analysis</a> allows between questions, otherwise heterogeneous, which lead to similar equations. This fundamental property, whose value we have so often to recognize, applies remarkably in the present case; and especially since the creation of mathematical thermology, whose principal equations are strongly analogous to those of vibratory motion. This means of investigation is all the more valuable on account of the difficulties in the way of direct inquiry into the phenomena of sound. We may decide the necessity of the atmospheric medium for the transmission of sonorous vibrations; and we may conceive of the possibility of determining by experiment the duration of the propagation, in the air, and then through other media; but the general laws of the vibrations of sonorous bodies escape immediate observation. We should know almost nothing of the whole case if the mathematical theory did not come in to connect the different phenomena of sound, enabling us to substitute for direct observation an equivalent examination of more favorable cases subjected to the same law. For instance, when the analysis of the problem of vibrating chords has shown us that, other things being equal, the number of oscillations is hi inverse proportion to the length of the chord, we see that the most rapid vibrations of a very short chord may be counted, since the law enables us to direct our attention to very slow vibrations. The same substitution is at our command in many cases in which it is less direct. <ul><li>Bk. 3, chap. 4; as cited in: Moritz (1914, 240)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte_(1853)"><span id="The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte_.281853.29"></span><i>The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte</i> (1853)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte (1853)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><small><i>The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte Freely Translated and Condensed by Harriet Martineau</i> in Two Volumes (1853) - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlxs2.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cdl;idno=cdl367">(1896 edition in the Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection)</a></small></dd> <dd><div class="noprint"><i>Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte" title="The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte">The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte</a></i></div></dd></dl> <ul><li>In the final, positive state, the mind has given over the vain search after Abolute notions, the origin and destination of the universe, and the cause of phenomenon, and applies itself to the tudy of their laws, - that is, their invariable relations of succession and resemblance. Reasoning and observation, duly combined, are the means of this knowledge. What is now understood when we speak of an explanation of the facts is simply the establishment of a connection between single phenomena and some general facts, the number of which continually diminishes with the progress of science. <ul><li>Vol I</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>After <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Montesquieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>, the next great addition to <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> (which is the term I may be allowed to invent to designate Social Physics) was made by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" class="extiw" title="w:Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a>, proceeding on the views suggested by his illustrious friend <a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot,_Baron_de_Laune" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune">Turgot</a>. <ul><li>Book VI: Social Physics, Ch. II: Principle Philosophical Attempts to Constitute a Social System</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The mathematical thermology created by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier" title="Joseph Fourier">Fourier</a> may tempt us to hope that, as he has estimated the temperature of the space in which we move, me may in time ascertain the mean temperature of the heavenly bodies: but I regard this order of facts as for ever excluded from our recognition. We can never learn their internal constitution, nor, in regard to some of them, how heat is absorbed by their atmosphere. We may therefore define Astronomy as the science by which we discover the laws of the geometrical and mechanical phenomena presented by the heavenly bodies. <ul><li>Book II: Astronomy, Ch. I: General View</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes_about_Comte">Quotes about Comte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Quotes about Comte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> minus <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._H._Huxley" class="mw-redirect" title="T. H. Huxley">T. H. Huxley</a>, on the ideas of Comte.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Comte began</b>, like <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a>, <b>with the rejection of <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, but subsequently relapsed into fetichism</b>. <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFGarrigue_Masaryk1919"><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">Garrigue Masaryk, Thomas</a> (1919), <i>The Spirit of Russia</i>, <b>I</b>, p. 210</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spirit+of+Russia&rft.aulast=Garrigue+Masaryk&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Garrigue+Masaryk%2C+Thomas&rft.date=1919&rft.volume=I&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B210&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Auguste_Comte"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>M. Comte, in particular, whose social system, as unfolded in his <i>Systeme de Politique Positive</i>, aims at establishing (though by moral more than by legal appliances) a <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despotism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual">individual</a>, surpassing anything contemplated in the political ideal of the most rigid disciplinarian among the ancient philosophers.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Of M. Comte I have only read a few <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/absurdity" class="extiw" title="w:absurdity">absurd</a> passages. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>, as quoted in <i>The life of Pasteur</i> (1902), by René Vallery-Radot, p. 163</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>The philosopher Comte has made the statement that chemistry is a non-mathematical science. He also told us that astronomy had reached a stage when further progress was impossible. These remarks</b>, coming after <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">Dalton's</a> atomic theory, and just before <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cato_Maximilian_Guldberg" class="extiw" title="w:Cato Maximilian Guldberg">Guldberg</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Waage" class="extiw" title="w:Peter Waage">Waage</a> were to lay the foundations of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_kinetics" class="extiw" title="w:Chemical kinetics">chemical dynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Kirchhoff">Kirchhoff</a> to discover the reversal of lines in the solar spectrum, <b>serve but to emphasize the folly of having "recourse to farfetched and abstracted Ratiocination," and should teach us to be "very far from the litigious humour of loving to wrangle about words or terms or notions as empty".</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Partington" title="J. R. Partington">J. R. Partington</a>, <i>Higher Mathematics for Chemical Students</i> (1911)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>*An existentialist will never take man as the end</b>, since man is still to be determined. And we have no right to believe that humanity is something to which we could set up a cult, after the manner of Auguste Comte. The cult of humanity ends in Comtian humanism, shut-in upon itself, and this must be said- in Fascism. We do not want a humanism like that. </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, <i>Existentialism And Humanism</i>, 1947 translated by Philip Maniret 1948 p. 55</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>The only true and scientific method according to Comte is therefore the inductive method and <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> is only such as is based on experiment.</b> Secondly, the aim and apex of science is the new science of the imaginary organism of humanity or of the super-organic being-humanity: this new imaginary science being sociology. <b>From this view of science in general it appeared that all former knowledge was false</b>, and the whole history of humanity's knowledge of itself fell into three, or really two, periods: # The theological and metaphysical periods, lasting from the commencement of the world until Comte # and the present period of true science — positivism — which began with Comte. <br />This was all very nice; there was only one error, namely, that <b>the whole edifice was built on the sand — on the arbitrary assertion that <a href="/wiki/Humanity" title="Humanity">humanity</a> is an organism. That assertion was arbitrary because we have no more right to acknowledge the existence of an organism of humanity not subject to observation than we have to acknowledge the existence of a triune <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> and similar theological propositions.</b> That assertion was fallacious because to the conception of humanity, that is, of men, the definition of an organism was incorrectly affixed despite the fact that humanity lacks the essential sign of an organism, namely a centre of sensation and consciousness. We only call an elephant or a bacterium an 'organism' because, by analogy we attribute to those beings a similar unification of sensation and of consciousness to that we are conscious of in ourselves; but in human societies and in humanity this essential indication is lacking, and therefore, however many other indications we may detect that are common to humanity and to an organism, in the absence of that essential indication, the acknowledgement of humanity as an organism is incorrect. <br />But despite the arbitrariness and incorrectness of its fundamental basis the positive philosophy was accepted most cordially by the so-called educated world, so important for that world was the justification this philosophy afforded to the existing order of things by regarding the present rule of violence among men as Just. What is remarkable in this connexion is that of Comte's works which consist of two parts — the positive philosophy and the positive politics — the learned world only accepted the first: the part which, on the new experimental basis, offered a justification for the existing evil of human societies; but <b>the second part, dealing with the moral obligations of <a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">altruism</a> resulting from acknowledging humanity as an organism, was considered not merely unimportant but even insignificant and unscientific.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, <i>What then must we do?</i> (1886); as translated by Aylmer Maude.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kierkegaard" class="mw-redirect" title="Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a> was interested in the development of the existent, individual, concrete human personality. Its chief Kierkegaardian stages are the esthetic, the moral, and the religious, and they form a striking contrast to Comte’s trio: the theological, the metaphysical, and the scientific. For one thing Kierkegaard’s highest stage of human existence is the religious, while Comte’s is the scientific; for another, the Kierkegaardian personality’s journey through its stages is absolutely free. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_White" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Morton White">Morton White</a> ed. <i>The age of analysis 20th century philosopher</i>, Houghton Mifflin Co, 1955 p. 120-121</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Positive_Philosophy_of_Auguste_Comte" title="The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte">The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte</a></i> freely translated and condensed by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Harriet Martineau</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_Mathematics_(Comte)" title="The Philosophy of Mathematics (Comte)">The Philosophy of Mathematics</a></i> Tr. W. M. Gillespie</li></ul> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#E4F2E4" align="center" colspan="3"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_and_political_philosophers" class="extiw" title="w:List of social and political philosophers">Social and political philosophers</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E4F2E4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_philosophy" class="extiw" title="w:Ancient philosophy">Classic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> • <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a> <a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xun_Zi" title="Xun Zi">Xun Zi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E4F2E4"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservative</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Dávila</a> • <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Galton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Jouvenel" title="Bertrand de Jouvenel">de Jouvenel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">von Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Land</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Mosca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Weaver" title="Richard Weaver">Weaver</a> • <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Yarvin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E4F2E4"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Erasmus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Sumner_Maine" title="Henry James Sumner Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> • <a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Simmel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anne_Louise_Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Anne Louise Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E4F2E4"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religious</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamid_al-Ghazali" title="Abu Hamid al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a> • <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a> • <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dayanand_Saraswati" title="Dayanand Saraswati">Dayananda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Dostoyevsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Eliade</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">Girard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_of_Salisbury" title="John of Salisbury">John of Salisbury</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a> • <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">Lewis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Malebranche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Niebuhr</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Pizan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin" title="Pierre Teilhard de Chardin">Teilhard de Chardin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E4F2E4"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialist</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Adorno" title="Theodor Adorno">Adorno</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Aflaq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a> • <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Fanon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">London</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Rorty</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a> • <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Xiaoping</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article about: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Auguste Comte">Auguste Comte</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/147/000086886/">Profile at NNDB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/comte/1856/general-view.htm">A General View of Positivism at Marxists.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philosophyprofessor.com/philosophers/auguste-comte.php">Profile at Philosophy Professor.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Comte.htm">Profile at BluPete.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7769">Profile at Find-A-Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igrejapositivistabrasil.org.br/english/">Positivist Church of Brazil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://membres.lycos.fr/clotilde/">Auguste Comte and Positivism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlxs2.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cdl;idno=cdl367"><i>The positive philosophy of Auguste Comte, freely translated and condensed</i> (1896) by Harriet Martineau, in the Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegreatdebate.org.uk/ThreeCs.html">"The Three Cs and the Notion of Progress: Copernicus, Condorcet, Comte" by Caspar J M Hewett</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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