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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Quotes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-An_Exhortation_to_Learning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_Exhortation_to_Learning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>An Exhortation to Learning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_Exhortation_to_Learning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Cultivating_oneself"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Cultivating_oneself""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>"Cultivating oneself"</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="mw-page-title-main">Xun Zi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сюнь-цзы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/S%C3%BCn-c%E2%80%99" title="Sün-c’ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sün-c’" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90" title="荀子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="荀子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q216072#sitelinks-wikiquote" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikiquote</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xun_Zi_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Xun_Zi_crop.png/220px-Xun_Zi_crop.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Xun_Zi_crop.png/330px-Xun_Zi_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Xun_Zi_crop.png/440px-Xun_Zi_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a> <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> is <a href="/wiki/Evil" title="Evil">evil</a>; its <a href="/wiki/Goodness" title="Goodness">goodness</a> derives from <a href="/wiki/Conscious" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscious">conscious</a> <a href="/wiki/Activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity">activity</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xun_Zi.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Xun_Zi.PNG/220px-Xun_Zi.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Xun_Zi.PNG/330px-Xun_Zi.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Xun_Zi.PNG/440px-Xun_Zi.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">Learning</a> proceeds until <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a> and only then does it stop.</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xun_Zi" class="extiw" title="w:Xun Zi">Xún Zǐ</a></b> or <b>Hsün Tzu</b> (荀子; born Zhao c.312 BC - 230 BC) was a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucian</a> philosopher. </p> <table role="presentation" class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent; font-style: italic;"><tbody><tr> <td class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates_thumb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Socrates_thumb.png/18px-Socrates_thumb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Socrates_thumb.png/27px-Socrates_thumb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Socrates_thumb.png/36px-Socrates_thumb.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></td> <td>This article about a <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers" title="Category:Philosophers"><b>philosopher</b></a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote:Stub" title="Wikiquote:Stub">stub</a>. You can help out with Wikiquote by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit">expanding</a> it!</td> </tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The person attempting to travel two roads at once will get nowhere. <ul><li>Quoted in: Errick A. Ford (2010) <i>Iron Sharpens Iron: Wisdom of the Ages,</i> p. 48.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>In order to properly understand the big picture, everyone should fear becoming mentally clouded and obsessed with one small section of truth. <ul><li>Quoted in: Joan Klostermann-Ketels (2011) <i>HumaniTrees,</i> p. 96.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Human nature is evil, and goodness is caused by intentional activity. <ul><li>Quoted in: Fayek S. Hourani (2012) <i>Daily Bread for Your Mind and Soul,</i> p. 336.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_Exhortation_to_Learning">An Exhortation to Learning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: An Exhortation to Learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Learning proceeds until death and only then does it stop. ... Its purpose cannot be given up for even a moment. To pursue it is to be human, to give it up to be a beast. <ul><li><i>Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy</i> (2001), p. 258</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The learning of the gentleman enters through his ears, fastens to his heart, spreads through his four limbs, and manifests itself in his actions. ... The learning of the petty person enters through his ears and passes out his mouth. From mouth to ears is only four inches—how could it be enough to improve a whole body much larger than that? <ul><li><i>Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy</i> (2001), p. 259</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The gentleman knows that whatever is imperfect and unrefined does not deserve praise. ... He makes his eyes not want to see what is not right, makes his ears not want to hear what is not right, makes his mouth not want to speak what is not right, and makes his heart not want to deliberate over what is not right. ... For this reason, power and profit cannot sway him, the masses cannot shift him, and nothing in the world can shake him. <ul><li><i>Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy</i> (2001), p. 260</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Cultivating_oneself""><span id=".22Cultivating_oneself.22"></span>"Cultivating oneself"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Cultivating oneself""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>One whose intentions and thoughts are cultivated will disregard wealth and nobility. One whose greatest concern is for the Way and righteousness will take lightly kings and dukes. It is simply that when one examines oneself on the inside, external goods carry little weight. A saying goes, "The gentleman makes things his servants. The petty man is servant to things." <ul><li><i>Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy</i> (2001), p. 263</li> <li>A similar phrase to the saying is found in the 3rd millennium BCE Sumerian text <i><a href="/wiki/Instructions_of_Shuruppak" title="Instructions of Shuruppak">Instructions of Shuruppak</a></i> by Šuruppak: "You should not serve things; things should serve you."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section5/tr561.htm">[1]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>If an action ... involves little profit but much righteousness, do it. <ul><li><i>Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy</i> (2001), p. 263</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_nature_is_evil">Human nature is evil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human nature is evil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Human nature is evil; its goodness derives from conscious activity. Now it is human nature to be born with a fondness for profit. Indulging this leads to contention and strife, and the sense of modesty and yielding with which one was born disappears. One is born with feelings of envy and hate, and, by indulging these, one is led into banditry and theft, so that the sense of loyalty and good faith with which he was born disappears. One is born with the desires of the ears and eyes and with a fondness for beautiful sights and sounds, and, by indulging these, one is led to licentiousness and chaos, so that the sense of ritual, rightness, refinement, and principle with which one was born is lost. Hence, following human nature and indulging human emotions will inevitably lead to contention and strife, causing one to rebel against one’s proper duty, reduce principle to chaos, and revert to violence. Therefore one must be transformed by the example of a teacher and guided by the way of ritual and rightness before one will attain modesty and yielding, accord with refinement and ritual, and return to order. <ul><li><i>Sources of Chinese Tradition</i> (1999), vol. 1, pp. 179-180</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A person who is transformed by the instructions of a teacher, devotes himself to study, and abides by ritual and rightness may become a noble person, while one who follows his nature and emotions, is content to give free play to his passions, and abandons ritual and rightness is a lesser person. <ul><li><i>Sources of Chinese Tradition</i> (1999), vol. 1, p. 180</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A questioner asks: If human nature is evil, then where do ritual and rightness come from? I reply: ritual and rightness are always created by the conscious activity of the sages. <ul><li><i>Sources of Chinese Tradition</i> (1999), vol. 1, p. 180</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A person who is shallow aspires to depth; one who is ugly aspires to beauty; one who is narrow aspires to breadth; one who is poor aspires to wealth; one who is humble aspires to esteem. Whatever one lacks in oneself he must seek outside. <ul><li><i>Sources of Chinese Tradition</i> (1999), vol. 1, p. 181</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The straightening board was created because of warped wood, and the plumb line came into being because of things that are not straight. Rulers are established and ritual and rightness are illuminated because the nature is evil. <ul><li><i>Sources of Chinese Tradition</i> (1999), vol. 1, p. 182</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Zi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" 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