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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newfoundland_and_Labrador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Newfoundland and Labrador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newfoundland_and_Labrador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endeavour_voyage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endeavour_voyage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>Endeavour</i> voyage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endeavour_voyage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_home_and_voyage_to_Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_home_and_voyage_to_Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Return home and voyage to Iceland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_home_and_voyage_to_Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonisation_of_New_South_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonisation_of_New_South_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Colonisation of New South Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonisation_of_New_South_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispersal_of_Banks's_papers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispersal_of_Banks's_papers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dispersal of Banks's papers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispersal_of_Banks's_papers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_archive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_archive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Online archive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_archive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Primary resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Secondary resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Select_unpublished_monographs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Select_unpublished_monographs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.1</span> <span>Select unpublished monographs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Select_unpublished_monographs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2.2</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Banks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="جوزيف بانكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوزيف بانكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ژوزف بنکس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژوزف بنکس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Джозеф Банкс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джозеф Банкс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="جوزف بنکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزف بنکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84_%EB%B1%85%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="조지프 뱅크스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지프 뱅크스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%86_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Ջոզեֆ Բենքս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոզեֆ Բենքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="ג'וזף בנקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'וזף בנקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Banks" title="Iosephus Banks – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Banks" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Џозеф Бенкс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џозеф Бенкс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോസഫ് ബാങ്ക്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോസഫ് ബാങ്ക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="جوزيف بانكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوزيف بانكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BC%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="ジョゼフ・バンクス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョゼフ・バンクス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="جوزف بینکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوزف بینکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joseph Banks" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Бэнкс, Джозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бэнкс, Джозеф" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English naturalist and botanist (1743–1820)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Joseph Banks, see <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Joseph Banks (disambiguation)">Joseph Banks (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sir Joseph Banks</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg/220px-Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg/330px-Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg/440px-Joseph_Banks_1773_Reynolds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Joseph_Banks" title="Portrait of Joseph Banks">Portrait of Joseph Banks</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Sir Joshua Reynolds</a>, 1773</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1743-02-24</span>)</span>24 February 1743 <small>(13 February O.S.)</small><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">30 <a href="/wiki/Argyll_Street" title="Argyll Street">Argyll Street</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 June 1820<span style="display:none">(1820-06-19)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Spring Grove House, <a href="/wiki/Isleworth" title="Isleworth">Isleworth</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Voyage of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a>, exploration of Botany Bay</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Dorothea_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Dorothea Banks">Dorothea Banks</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Botany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author abbrev. (botany)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Banks</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society">President of the Royal Society</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1778–1820</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Pringle,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet">Sir John Pringle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Banks_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Banks_signature.png/150px-Joseph_Banks_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Banks_signature.png/225px-Joseph_Banks_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joseph_Banks_signature.png/300px-Joseph_Banks_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span> (24 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 13 February] 1743 – 19 June 1820<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was an English <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a>, botanist, and patron of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks made his name on the <a href="/wiki/European_and_American_voyages_of_scientific_exploration" title="European and American voyages of scientific exploration">1766 natural-history expedition</a> to <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>. He took part in Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">first great voyage</a> (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame. He held the position of president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> for over 41 years. He advised <a href="/wiki/King_George_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King George III">King George III</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>, sending botanists around the world to <a href="/wiki/Botanical_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical expedition">collect plants</a>, he made Kew the world's leading botanical garden. He is credited for bringing 30,000 plant specimens home with him; amongst them, he was the first European to document 1,400.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks advocated <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">British settlement</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and the colonisation of Australia, as well as the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a> as a place for the <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">reception of convicts</a>, and advised the British government on all Australian matters. He is credited with introducing the <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> named after him, <i><a href="/wiki/Banksia" title="Banksia">Banksia</a></i>, to the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>. Around 80 species of plants bear his name. He was the leading founder of the <a href="/wiki/African_Association" title="African Association">African Association</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Dilettanti" title="Society of Dilettanti">Society of Dilettanti</a>, which helped to establish the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Banks_as_a_boy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Joseph_Banks_as_a_boy.jpg/170px-Joseph_Banks_as_a_boy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Joseph_Banks_as_a_boy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>A 1757 portrait of Banks with a botanical illustration, unknown artist, but attributed to <a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Francis_Abbott" title="Lemuel Francis Abbott">Lemuel Francis Abbott</a> or <a href="/wiki/Johann_Zoffany" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Zoffany">Johann Zoffany</a><sup id="cite_ref-O'Brian_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Brian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Banks was born in <a href="/wiki/Argyll_Street" title="Argyll Street">Argyll Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/William_Banks_(barrister)" title="William Banks (barrister)">William Banks</a>, a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> country <a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">squire</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain" title="House of Commons of Great Britain">House of Commons</a>, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was baptised at <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly" title="St James's Church, Piccadilly">St James's Church, Piccadilly</a>, on 20 February 1743, <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a younger sister, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Sophia_Banks" title="Sarah Sophia Banks">Sarah Sophia Banks</a>, born in 1744.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks was educated at <a href="/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow School</a> from the age of nine and then at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> from 1756; the boys with whom he attended the school included his future shipmate <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Phipps,_2nd_Baron_Mulgrave" title="Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave">Constantine Phipps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Brian_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Brian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history, and botany. When he was 17, he was inoculated with <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, but he became ill and did not return to school. In late 1760, he was enrolled as a <a href="/wiki/Commoner_(academia)" title="Commoner (academia)">gentleman-commoner</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. At Oxford, he <a href="/wiki/Matriculation" title="Matriculation">matriculated</a> at <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a>, where his studies were largely focussed on natural history rather than the classical curriculum. Determined to receive botanical instruction, he paid the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> botanist <a href="/wiki/Israel_Lyons" title="Israel Lyons">Israel Lyons</a> to deliver a series of lectures at Oxford in 1764.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks left Oxford for <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a> in December 1763. He continued to attend the university until 1764, but left that year without taking a degree.<sup id="cite_ref-DoSB_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoSB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father had died in 1761, so when Banks reached the age of 21, he inherited the large estate of <a href="/wiki/Revesby_Abbey" title="Revesby Abbey">Revesby Abbey</a>, in Lincolnshire, becoming the local squire and <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a>, and dividing his time between Lincolnshire and London. From his mother's house in Chelsea, he kept up his interest in science by attending the <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Physic_Garden" title="Chelsea Physic Garden">Chelsea Physic Garden</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Society_of_Apothecaries" title="Worshipful Society of Apothecaries">Worshipful Society of Apothecaries</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, where he met the Swedish naturalist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Daniel Solander</a>. He began to make friends among the scientific men of his day and to correspond with <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, whom he came to know through Solander. As Banks's influence increased, he became an adviser to <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">King George III</a> and urged the monarch to support voyages of discovery to new lands, hoping to indulge his own interest in botany. He became a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a> sometime before 1769.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newfoundland_and_Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Newfoundland and Labrador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1766, Banks was elected to the Royal Society, and in the same year, at 23, he went with Phipps aboard the frigate <a href="/wiki/HMS_Niger_(1759)" title="HMS Niger (1759)">HMS <i>Niger</i></a> to Newfoundland and Labrador with a view to studying their natural history. He made his name by publishing the first <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnean</a> descriptions of the plants and animals of Newfoundland and Labrador.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banks also documented 34 species of birds, including the <a href="/wiki/Great_auk" title="Great auk">great auk</a>, which became extinct in 1844. On 7 May, he noted a large number of "penguins" swimming around the ship on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Banks">Grand Banks</a>, and a specimen he collected in <a href="/wiki/Chateau_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateau Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Chateau Bay, Labrador</a>, was later identified as the great auk.<sup id="cite_ref-Lysaght_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lysaght-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endeavour_voyage"><i>Endeavour</i> voyage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Endeavour voyage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_Lord_Sandwich%2C_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg/300px-Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_Lord_Sandwich%2C_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_Lord_Sandwich%2C_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg/450px-Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_Lord_Sandwich%2C_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_Lord_Sandwich%2C_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg/600px-Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_Lord_Sandwich%2C_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1380" usemap="#ImageMap_53cf3ac058bf9f77" resource="/wiki/File:Mortimer_-_Captain_James_Cook,_Sir_Joseph_Banks,_Lord_Sandwich,_Dr_Daniel_Solander_and_Dr_John_Hawkesworth.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_53cf3ac058bf9f77"><area href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" shape="rect" coords="10,16,19,39" alt="Dr Daniel Solander" title="Dr Daniel Solander" /><area href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" shape="rect" coords="18,28,30,51" alt="Sir Joseph Banks" title="Sir Joseph Banks" /><area href="/wiki/James_Cook" shape="poly" coords="29,26,44,18,44,13,51,14,54,23,55,53,45,53,43,25" alt="Captain James Cook" title="Captain James Cook" /><area href="/wiki/John_Hawkesworth_(book_editor)" shape="rect" coords="55,16,64,50" alt="Dr John Hawkesworth" title="Dr John Hawkesworth" /><area href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" shape="rect" coords="67,18,75,49" alt="Earl of Sandwich" title="Earl of Sandwich" /><area href="#top" shape="rect" coords="0,0,92,67" alt="use button to expand image" title="use button to expand image" /></map><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Dr Daniel Solander</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sir Joseph Banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Captain James Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkesworth_(book_editor)" title="John Hawkesworth (book editor)">Dr John Hawkesworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Lord Sandwich</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_Mortimer" title="John Hamilton Mortimer">John Hamilton Mortimer</a>, 1771.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><small> Use a cursor to see who is who.<sup id="cite_ref-cat_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cat-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">First voyage of James Cook</a></div> <p>Banks was appointed to a joint <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>/Royal Society scientific expedition to the South Pacific Ocean on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a>, 1768–1771. This was the first of James Cook's voyages of discovery in that region. Banks funded eight others to join him: the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Daniel Solander</a>, the Finnish naturalist <a href="/wiki/Herman_Sp%C3%B6ring,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Spöring, Jr.">Herman Spöring</a> (who also served as Banks's personal secretary and as a draughtsman), artists <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Buchan_(artist)" title="Alexander Buchan (artist)">Alexander Buchan</a>, and four servants from his estate: James Roberts, Peter Briscoe, Thomas Richmond, and George Dorlton.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1771, he was travelling with James Cook and docked in <a href="/wiki/Simon%27s_Town" title="Simon's Town">Simon's Town</a> in what is now South Africa. There, he met the trader <a href="/wiki/Christoffel_Brand_(trader)" title="Christoffel Brand (trader)">Christoffel Brand</a> and a friendship started. He was the godfather of Brand's grandson <a href="/wiki/Christoffel_Brand" title="Christoffel Brand">Christoffel Brand</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The voyage went to <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant, <i><a href="/wiki/Bougainvillea" title="Bougainvillea">Bougainvillea</a></i> (named after Cook's French counterpart, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Bougainville" title="Louis Antoine de Bougainville">Louis Antoine de Bougainville</a>), and to other parts of South America. The voyage then progressed to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> (where the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a> was observed,<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the overt purpose of the mission), then to New Zealand. </p><p>From there, it proceeded to the east coast of Australia, where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay. The ship then landed at Round Hill (23-25 May 1770), which is now known as <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Seventy,_Queensland" title="Seventeen Seventy, Queensland">Seventeen Seventy</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_River" title="Endeavour River">Endeavour River</a> (near modern <a href="/wiki/Cooktown,_Queensland" title="Cooktown, Queensland">Cooktown</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, where they spent almost seven weeks ashore while the ship was repaired after becoming holed on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While they were in Australia, Banks, Daniel Solander, and Finnish botanist Dr <a href="/wiki/Herman_Sp%C3%B6ring_Jr." title="Herman Spöring Jr.">Herman Spöring Jr.</a> made the first major collection of Australian flora, describing many species new to science. Almost 800 specimens were illustrated by the artist <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a> and appear in <a href="/wiki/Banks%27_Florilegium" title="Banks' Florilegium">Banks' <i>Florilegium</i></a>, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Notable also was that during the period when the <i>Endeavour</i> was being repaired, Banks observed a <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a>, first recorded as "kanguru" on 12 July 1770 in an entry in his diary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BotanicMacaroni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BotanicMacaroni.jpg/170px-BotanicMacaroni.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BotanicMacaroni.jpg/255px-BotanicMacaroni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BotanicMacaroni.jpg/340px-BotanicMacaroni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>Satire on Banks titled "The Botanic Macaroni", by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Darly" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Darly">Matthew Darly</a>, 1772: A <a href="/wiki/Macaroni_(fashion)" title="Macaroni (fashion)">macaroni</a> was a pejorative term used for a follower of exaggerated continental fashion in the 18th century.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_home_and_voyage_to_Iceland">Return home and voyage to Iceland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return home and voyage to Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771. He had intended to go with Cook on his <a href="/wiki/Second_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="Second voyage of James Cook">second voyage</a>, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks's scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a>. The Admiralty regarded Banks's demands as unacceptable and withdrew his permission to sail. Banks immediately arranged an alternative expedition, and in July 1772, Daniel Solander and he visited the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, the Hebrides, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney Islands</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aboard <i>Sir Lawrence</i>. In Iceland, they ascended <a href="/wiki/Mt._Hekla" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Hekla">Mt. Hekla</a> and visited the <a href="/wiki/Great_Geysir" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Geysir">Great Geyser</a>, and were the first scientific visitors to <a href="/wiki/Staffa" title="Staffa">Staffa</a> in the Inner Hebrides.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They returned to London in November, with many botanical specimens, via Edinburgh, where Banks and Solander were interviewed by <a href="/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">James Boswell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1773, he toured south Wales in the company of artist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sandby" title="Paul Sandby">Paul Sandby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he settled in London, he began work on his <i>Florilegium</i>. He kept in touch with most of the scientists of his time, was elected a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> in 1773, and added a fresh interest when he was elected to the Dilettante Society in 1774. He was afterwards secretary of this society from 1778 to 1797. On 30 November 1778, he was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society">president of the Royal Society</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a position he was to hold with great distinction for over 41 years. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Banks_West.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Joseph_Banks_West.jpg/170px-Joseph_Banks_West.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Joseph_Banks_West.jpg/255px-Joseph_Banks_West.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Joseph_Banks_West.jpg/340px-Joseph_Banks_West.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption>Banks as painted by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a> in 1773</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1779, Banks married <a href="/wiki/Lady_Dorothea_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Dorothea Banks">Dorothea Hugessen</a>, daughter of W. W. Hugessen, and settled in a large house at 32 <a href="/wiki/Soho_Square" title="Soho Square">Soho Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It continued to be his London residence for the remainder of his life. There, he welcomed the scientists, students, and authors of his period, and many distinguished foreign visitors. His sister <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Sophia_Banks" title="Sarah Sophia Banks">Sarah Sophia Banks</a> lived in the house with Banks and his wife. He had as librarian and curator of his collections Solander, <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Carlsson_Dryander" title="Jonas Carlsson Dryander">Jonas Carlsson Dryander</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(Scottish_botanist_from_Montrose)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)">Robert Brown</a> in succession.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1779, Banks took a lease on an estate called Spring Grove, the former residence of Elisha Biscoe (1705–1776),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he eventually bought outright from Biscoe's son, also <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ambler_(barrister)#Family" title="Charles Ambler (barrister)">Elisha</a>, in 1808. Its 34 acres ran along the northern side of the London Road, <a href="/wiki/Isleworth" title="Isleworth">Isleworth</a>, and contained a natural spring, which was an important attraction to him. Banks spent much time and effort on this secondary home. He steadily created a renowned botanical masterpiece on the estate, achieved primarily with many of the great variety of foreign plants he had collected on his extensive travels around the world, particularly to Australia and the South Seas. The surrounding district became known as <a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove,_London" title="Spring Grove, London">Spring Grove</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The house was substantially extended and rebuilt by later owners and is now part of <a href="/wiki/West_Thames_College" title="West Thames College">West Thames College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks was made a <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a> in 1781,<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three years after being elected president of the Royal Society. During much of this time, he was an informal adviser to King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, a position that was formalised in 1797. Banks dispatched explorers and botanists to many parts of the world, and through these efforts, Kew Gardens became arguably the pre-eminent <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> in the world, with many species being introduced to Europe through them and through <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Physic_Garden" title="Chelsea Physic Garden">Chelsea Physic Garden</a> and their head gardener John Fairbairn. He directly fostered several famous voyages, including that of <a href="/wiki/George_Vancouver" title="George Vancouver">George Vancouver</a> to the northeastern Pacific (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>), and <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a>'s voyages (one entailing the infamous <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty" title="Mutiny on the Bounty">mutiny on the <i>Bounty</i></a>) to transplant <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a> from the South Pacific to the Caribbean islands. Banks was also a major financial supporter of <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(geologist)" title="William Smith (geologist)">William Smith</a> in his decade-long efforts to create a geological map of England, the first geological map of an entire country. He also chose <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cunningham_(botanist)" title="Allan Cunningham (botanist)">Allan Cunningham</a> for voyages to Brazil and the north and northwest coasts of Australia to collect specimens.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omai_(Mai),_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Omai_%28Mai%29%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg/220px-Omai_%28Mai%29%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Omai_%28Mai%29%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg/330px-Omai_%28Mai%29%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Omai_%28Mai%29%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg/440px-Omai_%28Mai%29%2C_Sir_Joseph_Banks_and_Daniel_Charles_Solander_by_William_Parry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2396" /></a><figcaption>Sir Joseph Banks (centre), together with <a href="/wiki/Omai" title="Omai">Omai</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Daniel Solander</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_(artist)" title="William Parry (artist)">William Parry</a>, <i>circa</i> 1775–76</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonisation_of_New_South_Wales">Colonisation of New South Wales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Colonisation of New South Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks's own time in Australia, however, led to his interest in the British <a href="/wiki/Colonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation">colonisation</a> of that continent. He was to be the greatest proponent of settlement in New South Wales. A genus of the <a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a> was named in his honour as <i><a href="/wiki/Banksia" title="Banksia">Banksia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1779, Banks, giving evidence before a committee of the House of Commons, had stated that in his opinion the place most eligible for the reception of <a href="/wiki/Convictism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Convictism in Australia">convicts</a> "was Botany Bay, on the coast of <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland</a>", on the general grounds that, "it was not to be doubted that a Tract of Land such as New Holland, which was larger than the whole of Europe, would furnish Matter of advantageous Return".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Banks remained uninvolved in these colonies in a hands on manner, he was, nonetheless, the general adviser to the government on all Australian matters for twenty years. He arranged that a large number of useful trees and plants should be sent out in the supply ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Guardian_(1784)" title="HMS Guardian (1784)">HMS <i>Guardian</i></a>, which was unfortunately wrecked, as well as other ships; many of these were supplied by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Ronalds" title="Hugh Ronalds">Hugh Ronalds</a> from his nursery in <a href="/wiki/Brentford" title="Brentford">Brentford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every vessel that came from New South Wales brought to Banks plants or animals or geological and other specimens and, on at least one occasion, human remains. Governor <a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">Philip Gidley King</a> sent Banks the severed head of an Aboriginal man named <a href="/wiki/Pemulwuy" title="Pemulwuy">Pemulwuy</a> that Banks had seemingly listed as among his "desiderata."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was continually called on for help in developing the agriculture and trade of the colony, and his influence was used in connection with the sending out of early free settlers, one of whom, a young gardener <a href="/wiki/George_Suttor" title="George Suttor">George Suttor</a>, later wrote a memoir of Banks. The three earliest governors of the colony, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)">John Hunter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">Philip Gidley King</a>, were in continual correspondence with him. Banks produced a significant body of papers, including one of the earliest Aboriginal Australian words lists compiled by a European.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bligh was also appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> on Banks's recommendation. Banks followed the explorations of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bass" title="George Bass">George Bass</a>, and Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(navigator)" title="James Grant (navigator)">James Grant</a>, and among his paid helpers were <a href="/wiki/George_Caley" title="George Caley">George Caley</a>, Robert Brown, and Allan Cunningham.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, Banks backed <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a> to be installed as the new governor of New South Wales and to crack down on the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Corps" title="New South Wales Corps">New South Wales Corps</a> (or Rum Corps), which made a fortune on the trading of rum. This brought him in direct confrontation with post-Rum Rebellion <i>de facto</i> leaders such as <a href="/wiki/John_Macarthur_(wool_pioneer)" title="John Macarthur (wool pioneer)">John Macarthur</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Johnston_(British_Marines_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Johnston (British Marines officer)">George Johnston</a>. This backing led to the <a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a> in Sydney, whereby the governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks, also, because years earlier, he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 4,000 hectares (10,000 acres) of land near Sydney in the cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, <a href="/wiki/Lachlan_Macquarie" title="Lachlan Macquarie">Lachlan Macquarie</a>, was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. He was humiliated that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_great_south_sea_caterpillar,_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_great_south_sea_caterpillar%2C_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg/170px-The_great_south_sea_caterpillar%2C_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_great_south_sea_caterpillar%2C_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg/255px-The_great_south_sea_caterpillar%2C_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_great_south_sea_caterpillar%2C_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg/340px-The_great_south_sea_caterpillar%2C_transform%27d_into_a_Bath_butterfly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2734" data-file-height="3889" /></a><figcaption>In <i>The great South Sea Caterpillar, transform'd into a Bath Butterfly</i> (1795), <a href="/wiki/James_Gillray" title="James Gillray">James Gillray</a> caricatured Banks's investiture with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a> as a result of his expedition.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Joseph_Banks,_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg/170px-Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg/255px-Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg/340px-Sir_Joseph_Banks%2C_president_of_the_Royal_Society.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>This 1812 print depicts Banks as president of the Royal Society, wearing the insignia of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Banks met the young <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a> in 1790, when Banks was already the president of the Royal Society.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before Humboldt and his scientific travel companion and collaborator <a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Bonpland" title="Aimé Bonpland">Aimé Bonpland</a> left for what became a five-year journal of exploration and discovery, Humboldt requested a British passport for Bonpland, should the two encounter British warships.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On their travels, Humboldt arranged for specimens be sent to Banks, should they be seized by the British.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banks and Humboldt remained in touch until Banks's death, aiding Humboldt by mobilising his wide network of scientific contacts to forward information to the great German scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both men believed in the internationalism of science. </p><p>Banks was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1787<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a foreign honorary member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other activities, Banks found time to serve as a trustee of the British Museum for 42 years.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/High_sheriff_of_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="High sheriff of Lincolnshire">high sheriff of Lincolnshire</a> in 1794. </p><p>He worked with Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_Staunton" class="mw-redirect" title="George Leonard Staunton">George Staunton</a> in producing the official account of the British mission to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Imperial_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Imperial court">Chinese Imperial court</a>. This diplomatic and trade mission was headed by <a href="/wiki/George_Macartney,_1st_Earl_Macartney" title="George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney">George, Earl Macartney</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/Macartney_Embassy" title="Macartney Embassy">Macartney Embassy</a> returned to London without obtaining any concession from China, the mission could have been termed a success because it brought back detailed observations. This multivolume work was taken chiefly from the papers of Lord Macartney and from the papers of Sir <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Gower" title="Erasmus Gower">Erasmus Gower</a>, who was commander of the expedition. Banks was responsible for selecting and arranging engraving of the illustrations in this official record.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks was invested as a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Bath">Knight of the Order of the Bath</a> (KB) on 1 July 1795,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross">Knight Grand Cross</a> (GCB) when the order was restructured in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks was a large landowner and activist encloser, drainer and ‘improver’ in <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">Fens</a> at <a href="/wiki/Revesby,_Lincolnshire" title="Revesby, Lincolnshire">Revesby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks's health began to fail early in the 19th century and he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a><sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> every winter. After 1805, he practically lost the use of his legs and had to be wheeled to his meetings in a chair, but his mind remained as vigorous as ever. He had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries</a> nearly all his life, and he developed an interest in archaeology in his later years. In 1807, <a href="/wiki/William_Kerr_(gardener)" title="William Kerr (gardener)">William Kerr</a> named the Lady Banks climbing rose after Banks's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banks was made an honorary founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Wernerian_Natural_History_Society" title="Wernerian Natural History Society">Wernerian Natural History Society</a> of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> in 1808. In 1809, he became associated member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Institute of the Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1809, his friend <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Henry_the_elder" title="Alexander Henry the elder">Alexander Henry</a> dedicated his travel book to him. In May 1820, he forwarded his resignation as president of the Royal Society, but withdrew it at the request of the council. In 1819, <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen</a>, on his <a href="/wiki/First_Russian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="First Russian Antarctic Expedition">First Russian Antarctic Expedition</a>, briefly stopped in England and met Joseph Banks. Banks had sailed with <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> 50 years earlier and supplied the Russians with books and charts for their expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 19 June 1820 in Spring Grove House, Isleworth, London, and was buried at <a href="/wiki/St_Leonard%27s_Church,_Heston" title="St Leonard's Church, Heston">St Leonard's Church, Heston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lady Banks survived him, but they had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-ADB_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BanksZSL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BanksZSL.jpg/350px-BanksZSL.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BanksZSL.jpg/525px-BanksZSL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/BanksZSL.jpg/700px-BanksZSL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Banks's house (at right) was used for the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_London" title="Zoological Society of London">Zoological Society of London</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Banks was a major supporter of the internationalist nature of science, being actively involved both in keeping open the lines of communication with continental scientists during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, and in introducing the British people to the wonders of the wider world. He was honoured with many place names in the South Pacific: <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a> on the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>, New Zealand; the <a href="/wiki/Banks_Islands" title="Banks Islands">Banks Islands</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>; the Banks Strait between <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Furneaux_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Furneaux Islands">Furneaux Islands</a>; <a href="/wiki/Banks_Island" title="Banks Island">Banks Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, Canada; and the <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Banks_Group" title="Sir Joseph Banks Group">Sir Joseph Banks Group</a> in South Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Banks,_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Banks, Australian Capital Territory">Banks</a>, the electoral <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Banks" title="Division of Banks">Division of Banks</a>, and the Sydney suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Bankstown,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankstown, New South Wales">Bankstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banksia,_New_South_Wales" title="Banksia, New South Wales">Banksia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Banksmeadow" title="Banksmeadow">Banksmeadow</a> are all named after him, as is the northern headland of <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a>, Cape Banks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A number of schools and colleges are also named after him, including the Sir Joseph Banks High School in the Sydney suburb of <a href="/wiki/Revesby,_New_South_Wales" title="Revesby, New South Wales">Revesby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks_Secondary_College" title="Joseph Banks Secondary College">Joseph Banks Secondary College</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Western Australia in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An image of Banks was featured on the paper $5 <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Australian_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Australian dollar">Australian banknote</a> from its introduction in 1967 before it was replaced by the later polymer currency.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, Banks was honoured by his portrait being depicted on a postage stamp issued by <a href="/wiki/Australia_Post" title="Australia Post">Australia Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire">Lincoln</a>, England, the <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Banks_Conservatory" title="Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory">Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory</a> was constructed in 1989 at <a href="/wiki/The_Lawn,_Lincoln" title="The Lawn, Lincoln">The Lawn, Lincoln</a>; its tropical <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">hot house</a> had numerous plants related to Banks's voyages, with samples from across the world, including Australia. The conservatory was moved to Woodside Wildlife Park in 2016 and has been named 'Endeavour'. A plaque was installed in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> in his honour. In <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston, Lincolnshire</a>, Banks was recorder for the town. His portrait, painted in 1814 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Phillips" title="Thomas Phillips">Thomas Phillips</a>, was commissioned by the Corporation of Boston, as a tribute to one whose 'judicious and active exertions improved and enriched this borough and neighbourhood'. It cost them 100 guineas. The portrait is now hanging in the Council Chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Guildhall" title="Boston Guildhall">Guildhall Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sir Joseph Banks Centre is located in <a href="/wiki/Horncastle,_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Horncastle, Lincolnshire">Horncastle, Lincolnshire</a>, housed in a Grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>, which was recently restored by the Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire to celebrate Banks's life. Horncastle is located a few miles from Banks's Revesby estate and the naturalist was the town's lord of the manor. The centre is located on Bridge Street. It boasts research facilities, historic links to Australia, and a garden in which rare plants can be viewed and purchased.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Flower_Show" title="Chelsea Flower Show">Chelsea Flower Show</a>, an exhibition garden celebrated the historic link between Banks and the botanical discoveries of flora and fauna on his journey through South America, Tahiti, New Zealand, and eventually Australia on Captain Cook's ship <i>Endeavour</i>. The competition garden was the entry of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne">Melbourne's Royal Botanic Gardens</a> with an Australian theme. It was based on the metaphorical journey of water through the continent, related to the award-winning Australian Garden at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Cranbourne" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne">Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne</a>. The design won a gold medal.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelsea_Show_win_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelsea_Show_win-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1911, <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> marked Banks's house at 32 Soho Square with a <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a>. This was replaced in 1938 with a rectangular stone plaque commemorating Banks and botanists <a href="/wiki/David_Don" title="David Don">David Don</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(Scottish_botanist_from_Montrose)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)">Robert Brown</a> and meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Linnean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnean Society">Linnean Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EngHet_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EngHet-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks appears in the historical novel <i><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty_(novel)" title="Mutiny on the Bounty (novel)">Mutiny on the Bounty</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nordhoff" title="Charles Nordhoff">Charles Nordhoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Norman_Hall" title="James Norman Hall">James Norman Hall</a>. He appears briefly as a contact with British naval intelligence in the historical novel <a href="/wiki/Post_Captain_(novel)" title="Post Captain (novel)"><i>Post Captain</i></a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Aubrey%E2%80%93Maturin_series" title="Aubrey–Maturin series">Aubrey–Maturin series</a> by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">Patrick O'Brian</a>. He is also featured in <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gilbert" title="Elizabeth Gilbert">Elizabeth Gilbert</a>'s 2013 best-selling novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Signature_of_All_Things" title="The Signature of All Things">The Signature of All Things</a></i>, and is a major character in Martin Davies' 2005 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conjuror%27s_Bird" title="The Conjuror's Bird">The Conjuror's Bird</a></i>. </p><p>Banks's life and influence were explored in a documentary five-part television series <i>The Lost World of Joseph Banks</i> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks's account of the <i>Endeavour's</i> approach to Botany Bay might have been the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Invisible_ships" title="Invisible ships">invisible ships</a> myth.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herbarium specimens collected by Banks and Solander are cared for in herbaria, including at the <a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">National Herbarium of Victoria</a> (MEL), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_Victoria" title="Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria">Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria</a><sup id="cite_ref-MEL_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEL-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">Banks</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dispersal_of_Banks's_papers"><span id="Dispersal_of_Banks.27s_papers"></span>Dispersal of Banks's papers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dispersal of Banks's papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Banks's death in 1820 a "treasure-trove of letters and papers"<sup id="cite_ref-fishburn_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishburn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was passed to Sir Edward Knatchbull, his wife's nephew. In 1828 the latter passed bound volumes of foreign correspondence to the British Library but retained the rest of the papers in the expectation that an official biography would be written.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Knatchbull and his wife, the letters and papers were passed on to their son Edward Knatchbull Hugesson, 1st Baron Brabourne, who offered to sell them to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-papers_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papers-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1884 it declined to purchase them.<sup id="cite_ref-fishburn_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishburn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following that "notorious"<sup id="cite_ref-fishburn_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishburn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> decision the Agent General of New South Wales, <a href="/wiki/Saul_Samuel" title="Saul Samuel">Sir Saul Samuel</a>, issued instructions for the purchase of a large portion of the papers, which now form part of the <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a>'s Brabourne Collection.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "large quantities of papers" which remained were then auctioned off at Sotheby's in London in March and April 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-fishburn_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishburn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the successful bidders was <a href="/wiki/Edward_Petherick" title="Edward Petherick">E. A. Petherick</a>. Many of those are now in the Petherick Collection at the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the twentieth century the National Library continued to purchase Banks's letters and papers when they came on the market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Online_archive">Online archive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Online archive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his <i>Endeavour</i> journal, Banks recorded 30 years of his life. Letters, invoices, maps, regalia, and watercolour drawings have now been digitised on the <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of NSW</a> website. This rich research and educational tool provides access to 8800 high-quality digital images.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_and_American_voyages_of_scientific_exploration" title="European and American voyages of scientific exploration">European and American voyages of scientific exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Notable Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Society">List of presidents of the Royal Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/52035/Sir-Joseph-Banks-Baronet">Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet</a>. Britannica.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGascoigne2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gascoigne, John (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-1300">"Banks, Sir Joseph, baronet (1743–1820), naturalist and patron of science"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1300">10.1093/ref:odnb/1300</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banks%2C+Sir+Joseph%2C+baronet+%281743%E2%80%931820%29%2C+naturalist+and+patron+of+science&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1300&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft.aulast=Gascoigne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-1300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGooley2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Gooley" title="Tristan Gooley">Gooley, Tristan</a> (2012). <i>The Natural Explorer</i>. London: Sceptre. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-444-72031-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-444-72031-0"><bdi>978-1-444-72031-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Natural+Explorer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Sceptre&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-444-72031-0&rft.aulast=Gooley&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Brian-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Brian_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Brian_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">O'Brian, Patrick</a> (1993) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p0lB4qYDvGgC"><i>Joseph Banks: A Life.</i></a> London: <a href="/wiki/David_R._Godine" class="mw-redirect" title="David R. Godine">David R. Godine</a>, pp. 23–24, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87923-930-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87923-930-1">0-87923-930-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Suttor, ed., Joseph Banks, <i>Memoirs Historical and Scientific of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks</i> (Parramatta: E. Mason, 1855), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8KhcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA19">p. 19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill, J.W.F. (1952) <i>The Letters and Papers of the Banks Family of Revesby Abbey</i>, Lincoln Record Society, vol. 45, noted in Patrick O'Brian, <i>Joseph Banks, A Life</i>, 1987 p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODB-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODB_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gascoigne, John (2004) "Banks, Sir Joseph, baronet (1743–1820)", in <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1300">10.1093/ref:odnb/1300</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoSB-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoSB_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was, however, awarded an honorary degree by Oxford on his return from his voyage to the South Seas, see "Banks, Sir Joseph", in <i>Dictionary of Scientific Biography</i>, Scribner, 1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson,_John2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, John (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-23/p-47.php">"Specialist Lodges"</a>. <i>MQ Magazine</i> (27): ns.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MQ+Magazine&rft.atitle=Specialist+Lodges&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=ns&rft.date=2007-10&rft.au=Jackson%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mqmagazine.co.uk%2Fissue-23%2Fp-47.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuck, Leslie. Montevecchi, William. Nuttall Ornithological Club (1987). Newfoundland Birds, Exploitation, Study, Conservation, Harvard University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADB-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADB_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert,_L._A.1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gilbert, L. A. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010051b.htm">"Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Vol. 1. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">52–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banks%2C+Sir+Joseph+%281743%E2%80%931820%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+L.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.online.anu.edu.au%2Fbiogs%2FA010051b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lysaght-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lysaght_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lysaght, Averil M. (1971) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPg9AAAAMAAJ"><i>Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766</i></a> Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, p. 168, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01780-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01780-3">0-520-01780-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an7351768">Digital Collection</a>, National Library of Australia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cat-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cat_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/333342">Catalogue</a>, National Library of Australia, accessed February 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.captaincooksociety.com/Portals/ccs/Files/Musters/3endeavourmuster1.pdf">"Muster for HMB Endeavour during the first Pacific Voyage, 1768-1771"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Captain Cook Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.captaincooksociety.com/Portals/ccs/Files/Musters/3endeavourmuster1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Captain+Cook+Society&rft.atitle=Muster+for+HMB+Endeavour+during+the+first+Pacific+Voyage%2C+1768-1771&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.captaincooksociety.com%2FPortals%2Fccs%2FFiles%2FMusters%2F3endeavourmuster1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes,_Richard2009" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Richard (2009). <i>The Age of Wonder</i>. HarperPress. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400031870" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400031870"><bdi>978-1400031870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Wonder&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=HarperPress&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1400031870&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span>. Holmes incorrectly states that Green's first name was William, not Charles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2008" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Richard (2008). "Joseph Banks in Paradise". <i>The age of wonder : how the romantic generation discovered the beauty and terror of science</i>. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3187-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3187-0"><bdi>978-1-4000-3187-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/264044731">264044731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joseph+Banks+in+Paradise&rft.btitle=The+age+of+wonder+%3A+how+the+romantic+generation+discovered+the+beauty+and+terror+of+science&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F264044731&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-3187-0&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnarsdóttir2020" class="citation journal cs1">Agnarsdóttir, Anna (2020). "The young Joseph Banks: naturalist explorer and scientist, 1766–1772". <i>Journal for Maritime Research</i>. <b>21</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">23–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21533369.2020.1746090">10.1080/21533369.2020.1746090</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-3369">2153-3369</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219033761">219033761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Maritime+Research&rft.atitle=The+young+Joseph+Banks%3A+naturalist+explorer+and+scientist%2C+1766%E2%80%931772&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219033761%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2153-3369&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F21533369.2020.1746090&rft.aulast=Agnarsd%C3%B3ttir&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoswellTankard2014" class="citation book cs1">Boswell, James; Tankard, Paul (10 June 2014). <i>Facts and inventions : selections from the journalism of James Boswell</i>. New Haven. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300141269" title="Special:BookSources/9780300141269"><bdi>9780300141269</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/861676836">861676836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+and+inventions+%3A+selections+from+the+journalism+of+James+Boswell&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F861676836&rft.isbn=9780300141269&rft.aulast=Boswell&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Tankard%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colley, Linda (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/nov/07/paul-sandby-exhibition-linda-colley">"Men at arms"</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 7 November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesmond1995" class="citation book cs1">Desmond, Ray (1995). <i>The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">104–</span>106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Royal+Botanic+Gardens+Kew&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E104-%3C%2Fspan%3E106&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Reynolds (editor) <i>Heston and Isleworth, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3:</i> Victoria County History, 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorne1876" class="citation book cs1">Thorne, James (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpkHAAAAQAAJ&q=The+surrounding+district+became+known+as+Spring+Grove&pg=PA561"><i>Lambourne-Yiewsley</i></a>. John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lambourne-Yiewsley&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYpkHAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DThe%2Bsurrounding%2Bdistrict%2Bbecame%2Bknown%2Bas%2BSpring%2BGrove%26pg%3DPA561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.west-thames.ac.uk/media/com_dashboard/pdf/pt-o.pdf">"West Thames College PART TIME, FULL TIME AND EVENING COURSES FOR ADULTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. West Thames College. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231530/https://www.west-thames.ac.uk/media/com_dashboard/pdf/pt-o.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gardening+KnowHow&rft.atitle=Lady+Banks+Rose+Growing%3A+How+To+Plant+A+Lady+Banks+Rose&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gardeningknowhow.com%2Fornamental%2Fflowers%2Froses%2Flady-banks-rose-growing.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000655">"Sir Joseph Banks (1743–1820)"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Joseph+Banks+%281743%E2%80%931820%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00000655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://antarctic-logistics.com/2010/08/28/fabian-gottlieb-von-bellingshausen/">"Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen"</a>. 28 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fabian+Gottlieb+von+Bellingshausen&rft.date=2010-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fantarctic-logistics.com%2F2010%2F08%2F28%2Ffabian-gottlieb-von-bellingshausen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lewis_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp491-497">"Herringfleet - Heston A Topographical Dictionary of England"</a>. <i>British History Online</i>. 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Adelaide; Reprint of: London : G. and W. Nicol, 1814 ed. In two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes): Libraries Board of South Australia. p. 234<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voyage+to+Terra+Australis+%3A+undertaken+for+the+purpose+of+completing+the+discovery+of+that+vast+country%2C+and+prosecuted+in+the+years+1801%2C+1802%2C+and+1803+in+His+Majesty%27s+ship+the+Investigator%2C+and+subsequently+in+the+armed+vessel+Porpoise+and+Cumberland+Schooner%3B+with+an+account+of+the+shipwreck+of+the+Porpoise%2C+arrival+of+the+Cumberland+at+Mauritius%2C+and+imprisonment+of+the+commander+during+six+years+and+a+half+in+that+island.&rft.place=Adelaide%3B+Reprint+of%3A+London+%3A+G.+and+W.+Nicol%2C+1814+ed.+In+two+volumes%2C+with+an+Atlas+%283+volumes%29&rft.pages=234&rft.edition=Facsimile&rft.pub=Libraries+Board+of+South+Australia&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Flinders&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcatalog%2Fworld%2Freadfile%3Fpageno%3D229%26fk_files%3D1486723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargerison2011" class="citation book cs1">Margerison, Charles (19 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUQW1p4tYgkC&q=sir+Joseph+Banks+High+School+named&pg=PT179"><i>Amazing Scientists: Inspirational Stories</i></a>. Amazing People Club. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921752-40-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-921752-40-7"><bdi>978-1-921752-40-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazing+Scientists%3A+Inspirational+Stories&rft.pub=Amazing+People+Club&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-921752-40-7&rft.aulast=Margerison&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUQW1p4tYgkC%26q%3Dsir%2BJoseph%2BBanks%2BHigh%2BSchool%2Bnamed%26pg%3DPT179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jbsc.wa.edu.au/about-us/a-message-from-the-principal/">"A Message From The Principal"</a>. <i>Joseph Banks Secondary College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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JPG image.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorreia2020" class="citation journal cs1">Correia, Alice (1 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14714787.2020.1852887">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Respectable Exotics': Exhibiting South Asian Modernists in Britain, 1958 and 2017"</a>. <i>Visual Culture in Britain</i>. <b>21</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">310–</span>329. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14714787.2020.1852887">10.1080/14714787.2020.1852887</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-4787">1471-4787</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231821993">231821993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Culture+in+Britain&rft.atitle=%27Respectable+Exotics%27%3A+Exhibiting+South+Asian+Modernists+in+Britain%2C+1958+and+2017&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E310-%3C%2Fspan%3E329&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231821993%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1471-4787&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14714787.2020.1852887&rft.aulast=Correia&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F14714787.2020.1852887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chelsea_Show_win-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chelsea_Show_win_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadd,_Denise2011" class="citation news cs1">Gadd, Denise (25 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/victoria/in-full-bloom-at-chelsea-20110524-1f2et.html">"In full bloom at Chelsea"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=In+full+bloom+at+Chelsea&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft.au=Gadd%2C+Denise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fvictoria%2Fin-full-bloom-at-chelsea-20110524-1f2et.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EngHet-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EngHet_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/32-soho-square">"BANKS, SIR JOSEPH (1743–1820), BROWN, ROBERT (1773–1858), DON, DAVID (1800–1841)"</a>. English Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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R. (2014). <i>Interreligious hermeneutics and the pursuit of truth</i>. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-8739-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-8739-5"><bdi>978-0-7391-8739-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interreligious+hermeneutics+and+the+pursuit+of+truth&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-8739-5&rft.aulast=Hustwitt&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2015" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Philip (2015). <i>Invisible: the dangerous allure of the unseen</i>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-23889-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-23889-0"><bdi>978-0-226-23889-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invisible%3A+the+dangerous+allure+of+the+unseen&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-226-23889-0&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEL-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MEL_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?q=collector_text%3A%22Banks%2C+J.%22+AND+collection_uid%3Aco55#tab_recordsView">"AVH: The Australasian Virtual Herbarium"</a>. <i>Atlas of Living Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+of+Living+Australia&rft.atitle=AVH%3A+The+Australasian+Virtual+Herbarium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favh.ala.org.au%2Foccurrences%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcollector_text%253A%2522Banks%252C%2BJ.%2522%2BAND%2Bcollection_uid%253Aco55%23tab_recordsView&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Banks"><i> Banks</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=+Banks&rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DBanks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishburn-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fishburn_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishburn_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishburn_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishburn_59-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Fishburn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/book-joseph-banks-burned">The book that Joseph Banks burned</a>, sl.nsw.gov.au; first published in <i>SL Magazine</i>, Summer 2017–18. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papers-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-papers_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-papers_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-222963290/findingaid">Papers of Sir Joseph Banks</a>, nla.gov.au. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/647552">Papers (Brabourne Collection), (c. 1769-1820) (microform)</a>, nla.gov.au. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/petherick-collection">Petherick Collection</a>, nla.gov.au. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hunt, Susan (Autumn 2018). "Sir Joseph Banks Online Archive". <i>SL Magazine</i>. 11: 1: <span class="nowrap">44–</span>45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SL+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sir+Joseph+Banks+Online+Archive&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=11%3A+1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wulf" class="citation book cs1">Wulf, Andrea (2015). <i>The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt's New World</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385350662" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385350662"><bdi>978-0385350662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invention+of+Nature%3A+Alexander+von+Humboldt%27s+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0385350662&rft.au=Wulf%2C+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_resources">Primary resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Primary resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.library.ca.gov/sutro/">Sutro Library</a>, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Library" title="California State Library">California State Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8959mrr/">Sir Joseph Banks Collection, 1770-1812.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a>. Papers of Sir Joseph Banks and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/banks/contents.html">The <i>Endeavour</i> Journal of Joseph Banks, 1768–1771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a> (NLA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms9">Papers of Sir Joseph Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society_of_South_Australia" title="Royal Geographical Society of South Australia">Royal Geographical Society of South Australia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgssa.org.au">Journal of a voyage to Newfoundland and Labrador commencing 7 April and ending 17 November 1766</a></li> <li>Notebooks containing vocabularies of Tahitian languages and observations collected by Banks are held by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.soas.ac.uk/CalmView/Overview.aspx">SOAS Special Collections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919082915/http://archives.soas.ac.uk/CalmView/Overview.aspx">Archived</a> 19 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Digitised items from the collection are available to view online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/results/?t=banks,%22Banks+Joseph+1743-1820+1743-1820%22,%22Banks%20Joseph%201743-1820%201743-1820%22&f=ZZ,AU,AU">here</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_resources">Secondary resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Secondary resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cameron, H. C. (1952) <i>Sir Joseph Banks, K.B., P.R.S.; the Autocrat of the Philosophers</i>, Batchworth Press.</li> <li>Carter, H. B. (1964) <i>His Majesty's Spanish Flock: Sir Joseph Banks and the Merinos of George III of England [</i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a><i>]</i>, University of Sydney.</li> <li>Carter, Harold Burnell (1988) <i>Sir Joseph Banks, 1743–1820</i> London: <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">British Museum of Natural History</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-565-00993-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-565-00993-1">0-565-00993-1</a>;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers2007" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Neil (2007). <i>Joseph Banks and the British Museum: the world of collecting, 1770-1830</i>. London: Pickering & Chatto. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851968589" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851968589"><bdi>978-1851968589</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1028009661">1028009661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Banks+and+the+British+Museum%3A+the+world+of+collecting%2C+1770-1830&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pickering+%26+Chatto&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028009661&rft.isbn=978-1851968589&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dawson, W. R. (ed) (1958) <i>The Banks Letters</i>, University of London.</li> <li>Durt, Tania (2007) "Joseph Banks", pp. 173–181 in <i>The Great Naturalists</i>, edited by Robert Huxley. London: Thames & Hudson with the Natural History Museum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Duyker" title="Edward Duyker">Duyker, Edward</a> (1998) <i>Nature's Argonaut: Daniel Solander 1733-1782: Naturalist and Voyager with Cook and Banks</i>. Melbourne University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84753-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84753-6">0-522-84753-6</a></li> <li>Marshall, John Braybrooke. "Daniel Carl Solander, Friend, Librarian and Assistant to Sir Joseph Banks." Archives of Natural History 11.3 (1984): 451–456.</li> <li>Duyker, Edward & Tingbrand, Per (ed. & trans) (1995) Daniel Solander: Collected Correspondence 1753–1782, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 466, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84636-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84636-X">0-522-84636-X</a> Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1995, pp. 466, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-00-22454-6" title="Special:BookSources/82-00-22454-6">82-00-22454-6</a></li> <li>Fara, Patricia (2004) <i>Sex, Botany & Empire: The Story Of Carl Linnaeus And Joseph Banks.</i> New York: Columbia University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-13426-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-13426-6">0-231-13426-6</a></li> <li>Gascoigne, John (1994) <i>Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment: Useful Knowledge and Polite Culture</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54211-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54211-1">0-521-54211-1</a></li> <li>Gascoigne, John (1998) <i>Science in the Service of Empire: Joseph Banks, The British State and the Uses of Science in the Age of Revolution.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55069-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55069-6">0-521-55069-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkesworthByronWallisCarteret1773" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Hawkesworth_(book_editor)" title="John Hawkesworth (book editor)">Hawkesworth, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Byron" title="John Byron">Byron, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wallis" title="Samuel Wallis">Wallis, Samuel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Philip_Carteret" title="Philip Carteret">Carteret, Philip</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook, James</a>; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Banks, Joseph</a> (1773). <i>An account of the voyages undertaken by the order of His present Majesty for making discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, and successively performed by Commodore Byron, Captain Wallis, Captain Carteret, and Captain Cook, in the Dolphin, the Swallow, and the Endeavour drawn up from the journals which were kept by the several commanders, and from the papers of Joseph Banks, esq</i>. London Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+account+of+the+voyages+undertaken+by+the+order+of+His+present+Majesty+for+making+discoveries+in+the+Southern+Hemisphere%2C+and+successively+performed+by+Commodore+Byron%2C+Captain+Wallis%2C+Captain+Carteret%2C+and+Captain+Cook%2C+in+the+Dolphin%2C+the+Swallow%2C+and+the+Endeavour+drawn+up+from+the+journals+which+were+kept+by+the+several+commanders%2C+and+from+the+papers+of+Joseph+Banks%2C+esq&rft.pub=London+Printed+for+W.+Strahan+and+T.+Cadell&rft.date=1773&rft.aulast=Hawkesworth&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Byron%2C+John&rft.au=Wallis%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Carteret%2C+Philip&rft.au=Cook%2C+James&rft.au=Banks%2C+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span>, Volume I, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/hv23/contents.html">Volume II-III</a></li> <li>Kryza, Frank T. (207) <i>The Race to Timbuktu: In Search of Africa's City of Gold.</i> New York: HarperCollins <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-056065-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-056065-7">0-06-056065-7</a></li> <li>Lysaght, A. M. (1971). Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766; his diary, manuscripts, and collections. Faber and Faber, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-09351-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-09351-5">0-571-09351-5</a>;</li> <li>Mackaness, G. (1936) <i>Sir Joseph Banks. His Relations with Australia</i>, University of Sydney</li> <li>Maiden, J. H. (1909) Sir Joseph Banks: The “Father of Australia”.  Kegan Paul.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusgrave2020" class="citation book cs1">Musgrave, Toby (2020). <i>The Multifarious Mr. Banks: From Botany Bay to Kew, the Natural Historian Who Shaped the World</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22383-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22383-5"><bdi>978-0-300-22383-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Multifarious+Mr.+Banks%3A+From+Botany+Bay+to+Kew%2C+the+Natural+Historian+Who+Shaped+the+World&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-300-22383-5&rft.aulast=Musgrave&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">O'Brian, Patrick</a> 1993 <i>Joseph Banks: A Life.</i> London: David R. Godine, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87923-930-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87923-930-1">0-87923-930-1</a>, reprinted by University of Chicago Press, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-61628-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-61628-2">0-226-61628-2</a></li> <li>——— 1987 <i>Sir Joseph Banks</i> London: Harvill Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-272340-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-272340-9">0-00-272340-9</a></li> <li>Smith, Edward (1911) Life of Sir Joseph Banks: With Some Notices of his Friends and Contemporaries.  John Lane.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Select_unpublished_monographs">Select unpublished monographs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Select unpublished monographs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Duncan, A. (1821) <i>A Short Account of the Life of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks</i>, University of Edinburgh.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Gilbert" title="Lionel Gilbert">Gilbert, L.</a> (1962) <i>Botanical Investigation of Eastern Seaboard Australia, 1788–1810</i>, B.A. thesis, University of New England, Australia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fiction">Fiction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novels based on a mix of historical fact and conjecture about Banks's early life include: </p> <ul><li>Davies, Martin (2005) <i>The Conjurer's Bird</i> New York: <a href="/wiki/Shaye_Areheart" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaye Areheart">Shaye Areheart</a>/Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-9733-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-9733-9">1-4000-9733-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Banks&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Joseph_Banks" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-a-m.html#banks">Works by Joseph Banks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Project Gutenberg Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books2.scholarsportal.info/viewdoc.html?id=/ebooks/oca1/27/journalofrightho00bankuoft">Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks during Captain Cook's first voyage in H.M.S. Endeavour in 1768–71 to Terra del Fuego, Otahite, New Zealand, Australia, the Dutch East Indies, etc.</a> Joseph Banks and J. D. Hooker. Macmillan, 1896.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=2251">Biography at the <i>Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/HistSciTech.BanksJ"><i>Correspondence concerning Iceland: written to Sir Joseph Banks</i></a>, 1772–1818, from the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections</li> <li>Lovell, Jennifer. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2005/apr05/article4.html">A Bath Butterfly Botany and Eighteenth Century Sexual Politics</a>." <i>National Library of Australia News</i> 15.7 (April 2005).</li> <li>Sir Joseph Banks Society. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joseph-banks.org.uk/archive/">Archive of Joseph Banks related material</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421160910/http://www.joseph-banks.org.uk/archive/">Archived</a> 21 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</li> <li>British Museum: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/b/bronze_portrait_bust_of_sir_jo.aspx">Bronze portrait bust of Sir Joseph Banks by Anne Seymour Damer</a> (1814)</li> <li>BBC: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/banks_sir_joseph.shtml">Historic figures</a>; <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/scienceatsea/pip/3z13m/">Science at Sea</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/P1430">"Archival material relating to Joseph Banks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Joseph+Banks&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FP1430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Banks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/banks/">Papers of Sir Joseph Banks</a> – <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416151241/http://www.fatefulvoyage.com/2bligh/index.html">William Bligh's letters to Sir Joseph Banks</a> concerning the first Breadfruit Expedition</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.0058">Sir Joseph Banks papers (MS 58)</a>. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/13209">Works by Joseph Banks</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_baronetcies" title="List of extant baronetcies">Baronetage of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Banks_baronets" title="Banks baronets">Baronet</a><br /></b>(of Revesby Abbey)<b> </b><br />1781–1820 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Extinct </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Professional and academic associations </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Pringle,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet">John Pringle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>21st <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">President of the Royal Society</a> </b><br />1778–1820 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Brouncker,_2nd_Viscount_Brouncker" title="William Brouncker, 2nd Viscount Brouncker">Viscount Brouncker</a> (1662)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Williamson_(English_politician)" title="Joseph Williamson (English politician)">Joseph Williamson</a> (1677)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a> (1680)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Hoskyns,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet">John Hoskyns</a> (1682)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Wyche" title="Cyril Wyche">Cyril Wyche</a> (1683)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> (1684)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Vaughan,_3rd_Earl_of_Carbery" title="John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery">Earl of Carbery</a> (1686)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herbert,_8th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a> (1689)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Southwell_(diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert Southwell (diplomat)">Robert Southwell</a> (1690)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Charles Montagu</a> (1695)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">Lord Somers</a> (1698)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1703)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Hans Sloane</a> (1727)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Folkes" title="Martin Folkes">Martin Folkes</a> (1741)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Parker,_2nd_Earl_of_Macclesfield" title="George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield">Earl of Macclesfield</a> (1752)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton">Earl of Morton</a> (1764)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Burrow" title="James Burrow">James Burrow</a> (1768)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_West_(antiquary)" title="James West (antiquary)">James West</a> (1768)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Burrow" title="James Burrow">James Burrow</a> (1772)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Pringle_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pringle (physician)">John Pringle</a> (1772)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Banks</a> (1778)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Davies_Gilbert" title="Davies Gilbert">Davies Gilbert</a> (1827)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Augustus_Frederick,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex">Duke of Sussex</a> (1830)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_2nd_Marquess_of_Northampton" title="Spencer Compton, 2nd Marquess of Northampton">Marquess of Northampton</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse" title="William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse">Earl of Rosse</a> (1848)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wrottesley,_2nd_Baron_Wrottesley" title="John Wrottesley, 2nd Baron Wrottesley">Lord Wrottesley</a> (1854)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet">Benjamin Collins Brodie</a> (1858)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sabine" title="Edward Sabine">Edward Sabine</a> (1861)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a> (1871)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> (1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Spottiswoode" title="William Spottiswoode">William Spottiswoode</a> (1878)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> (1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Stokes,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet">George Gabriel Stokes</a> (1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a> (1895)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a> (1900)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Geikie" title="Archibald Geikie">Archibald Geikie</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Robinson (organic chemist)">Robert Robinson</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian">Lord Adrian</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Lord Todd</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Sir Michael Atiyah</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Sir Aaron Klug</a> (1995)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_May,_Baron_May_of_Oxford" title="Robert May, Baron May of Oxford">Lord May</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees,_Baron_Rees_of_Ludlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow">Lord Rees</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Sir Paul Nurse</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venki Ramakrishnan</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Captain_James_Cook119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Captain_James_Cook" title="Template:Captain James Cook"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Captain_James_Cook" title="Template talk:Captain James Cook"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Captain_James_Cook" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Captain James Cook"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Captain_James_Cook119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Captain James Cook</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Voyages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">First voyage</a> (<a href="/wiki/1769_transit_of_Venus_observed_from_Tahiti" title="1769 transit of Venus observed from Tahiti">1769 transit of Venus observed from Tahiti</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="Second voyage of James Cook">Second voyage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="Third voyage of James Cook">Third voyage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Death_of_James_Cook" title="Death of James Cook">Death</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Captainjamescookportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/120px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/180px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/240px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6131" data-file-height="7692" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_James_Cook" title="List of ships of James Cook">Vessels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Eagle_(1745)" title="HMS Eagle (1745)">HMS <i>Eagle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Grenville_(1754)" title="HMS Grenville (1754)">HMS <i>Grenville</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Pembroke_(1757)" title="HMS Pembroke (1757)">HMS <i>Pembroke</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bayly_(astronomer)" title="William Bayly (astronomer)">William Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Buchan_(artist)" title="Alexander Buchan (artist)">Alexander Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burney" title="James Burney">James Burney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Charles Clerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Colnett" title="James Colnett">James Colnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalrymple" title="Alexander Dalrymple">Alexander Dalrymple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Forster" title="Georg Forster">Georg Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Reinhold_Forster" title="Johann Reinhold Forster">Johann Reinhold Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Tobias Furneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gore_(Royal_Navy_officer,_died_1790)" title="John Gore (Royal Navy officer, died 1790)">John Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Green_(astronomer)" title="Charles Green (astronomer)">Charles Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Hickes" title="Zachary Hickes">Zachary Hickes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_King_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="James King (Royal Navy officer)">James King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ledyard" title="John Ledyard">John Ledyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nelson_(botanical_collector)" title="David Nelson (botanical collector)">David Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omai" title="Omai">Omai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Palliser" title="Hugh Palliser">Hugh Palliser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Portlock" title="Nathaniel Portlock">Nathaniel Portlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Riou" title="Edward Riou">Edward Riou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Roberts_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Henry Roberts (Royal Navy officer)">Henry Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Samwell" title="David Samwell">David Samwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Daniel Solander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Sp%C3%B6ring_Jr." title="Herman Spöring Jr.">Herman Spöring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Taylor_(Royal_Navy_officer,_born_1760)" title="William Taylor (Royal Navy officer, born 1760)">William Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Trevenen" title="James Trevenen">James Trevenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wales_(astronomer)" title="William Wales (astronomer)">William Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Watts_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Watts (Royal Navy officer)">John Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Webber" title="John Webber">John Webber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willis_(sailor)" title="Thomas Willis (sailor)">Thomas Willis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Captain_James_Cook_(Zoffany)" title="The Death of Captain James Cook (Zoffany)">Zoffany's <i>Death of Cook</i></a></li> <li>Statues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook_(Anchorage,_Alaska)" title="Statue of James Cook (Anchorage, Alaska)">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_Christchurch" title="Statue of James Cook, Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Captain_James_Cook,_The_Mall" title="Statue of Captain James Cook, The Mall">The Mall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_Fitzroy_Gardens" title="Statue of James Cook, Fitzroy Gardens">Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_St_Kilda" title="Statue of James Cook, St Kilda">St Kilda, Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook,_Hyde_Park" title="Statue of James Cook, Hyde Park">Hyde Park, Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Cook_(Victoria,_British_Columbia)" title="Statue of James Cook (Victoria, British Columbia)">Victoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Sesquicentennial_half_dollar" title="Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar">Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Account_of_the_Voyages" title="An Account of the Voyages">An Account of the Voyages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Journal_of_a_Voyage_to_the_South_Seas" title="A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas">A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Characteres_generum_plantarum" title="Characteres generum plantarum">Characteres generum plantarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_Round_the_World" title="A Voyage Round the World">A Voyage Round the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Observations_Made_During_a_Voyage_Round_the_World" title="Observations Made During a Voyage Round the World">Observations Made During a Voyage Round the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_catalogue_of_the_different_specimens_of_cloth_collected_in_the_three_voyages_of_Captain_Cook,_to_the_Southern_Hemisphere" title="A catalogue of the different specimens of cloth collected in the three voyages of Captain Cook, to the Southern Hemisphere">A catalogue of the different specimens of cloth collected in the three voyages of Captain Cook, to the Southern Hemisphere</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Cook_Birthplace_Museum" title="Captain Cook Birthplace Museum">Birthplace Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooks%27_Cottage" title="Cooks' Cottage">Cooks' Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook_Collection:_Australian_Museum" title="James Cook Collection: Australian Museum">James Cook Collection:</a> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Museum" title="Australian Museum">Australian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Cook_Memorial_Museum" title="Captain Cook Memorial Museum">Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhi_Kai_Iti_/_Cook_Landing_Site" title="Puhi Kai Iti / Cook Landing Site">Puhi Kai Iti / Cook Landing Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Island,_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Cook Island, Tierra del Fuego">Cook Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Was_the_Weather" title="Stormy Was the Weather">Stormy Was the Weather</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyage_on_a_Dinner_Table" title="Voyage on a Dinner Table">Voyage on a Dinner Table</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_James_Cook_(miniseries)" title="Captain James Cook (miniseries)">Captain James Cook</a></i> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Natural_history50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Natural_history" title="Template:Natural history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Natural_history" title="Template talk:Natural history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Natural_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Natural history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Natural_history50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">Natural history</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneering<br />naturalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical<br />antiquity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Animals" title="History of Animals">History of Animals</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Theophrastus_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus book)">Historia Plantarum</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Aelianus" title="Claudius Aelianus">Aelian</a> (<i>De Natura Animalium</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedanius_Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedanius Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/De_Materia_Medica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Materia Medica">De Materia Medica</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Bauhin" title="Gaspard Bauhin">Gaspard Bauhin</a> (<i>Pinax theatri botanici</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Brunfels" title="Otto Brunfels">Otto Brunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Bock" title="Hieronymus Bock">Hieronymus Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cesalpino" title="Andrea Cesalpino">Andrea Cesalpino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Cordus" title="Valerius Cordus">Valerius Cordus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhart_Fuchs" title="Leonhart Fuchs">Leonhart Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gessner" title="Conrad Gessner">Conrad Gessner</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Historia_animalium_(Gessner_book)" title="Historia animalium (Gessner book)">Historia animalium</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Ruysch" title="Frederik Ruysch">Frederik Ruysch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Turner_(naturalist)" title="William Turner (naturalist)">William Turner</a> (<i>Avium Praecipuarum</i>, <i>New Herball</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gerard" title="John Gerard">John Gerard</a> (<i>Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Micrographia" title="Micrographia">Micrographia</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Derham" title="William Derham">William Derham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Hans Sloane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Jan Swammerdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnier_de_Graaf" title="Regnier de Graaf">Regnier de Graaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Steller" title="Georg Wilhelm Steller">Georg Steller</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Fabricius" title="Johan Christian Fabricius">Johan Christian Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ray" title="John Ray">John Ray</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Ray_book)" title="Historia Plantarum (Ray book)">Historia Plantarum</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon">Comte de Buffon</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_Naturelle" title="Histoire Naturelle">Histoire Naturelle</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Germain_de_Lac%C3%A9p%C3%A8de" title="Bernard Germain de Lacépède">Bernard Germain de Lacépède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_White" title="Gilbert White">Gilbert White</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_History_and_Antiquities_of_Selborne" title="The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne">The Natural History of Selborne</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bewick" title="Thomas Bewick">Thomas Bewick</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_British_Birds" title="A History of British Birds">A History of British Birds</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Philosophie_zoologique" title="Philosophie zoologique">Philosophie zoologique</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Montagu_(naturalist)" title="George Montagu (naturalist)">George Montagu</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ornithological_Dictionary" title="Ornithological Dictionary">Ornithological Dictionary</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" title="Le Règne Animal">Le Règne Animal</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(geologist)" title="William Smith (geologist)">William Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago" title="The Malay Archipelago">The Malay Archipelago</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walter_Bates" title="Henry Walter Bates">Henry Walter Bates</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons" title="The Naturalist on the River Amazons">The Naturalist on the River Amazons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_of_America" title="The Birds of America">The Birds of America</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Buckland" title="William Buckland">William Buckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anning" title="Mary Anning">Mary Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Fabre" title="Jean-Henri Fabre">Jean-Henri Fabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Henry_Gosse" title="Philip Henry Gosse">Philip Henry Gosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_Hooker" title="William Jackson Hooker">William Jackson Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Jardine,_7th_Baronet" title="Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet">William Jardine</a> (<i>The Naturalist's Library</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Natur" title="Kunstformen der Natur">Kunstformen der Natur</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Richard Lydekker</a> (<i>The Royal Natural History</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Beijerinck" title="Martinus Beijerinck">Martinus Beijerinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Handerson_Thayer" title="Abbott Handerson Thayer">Abbott Thayer</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Concealing-Coloration_in_the_Animal_Kingdom" title="Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom">Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Cott" title="Hugh B. Cott">Hugh B. Cott</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Coloration_in_Animals" title="Adaptive Coloration in Animals">Adaptive Coloration in Animals</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Niko Tinbergen</a> (<i>The Study of Instinct</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/On_Aggression" title="On Aggression">On Aggression</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a> (<i>The Dancing Bees</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lockley" title="Ronald Lockley">Ronald Lockley</a> (<i>Shearwaters</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sceliphron wasp building nest"><img alt="Sceliphron wasp building nest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png/85px-Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png/128px-Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png/170px-Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_museum" title="Natural history museum">Natural history museums</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_history_museums" title="List of natural history museums">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parson-naturalist" title="Parson-naturalist">Parson-naturalists</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_parson-naturalists" title="List of parson-naturalists">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_societies" title="Category:Natural history societies">Natural History Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_history_dealers" title="List of natural history dealers">List of natural history dealers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England256" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="Template:Premier Grand Lodge of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="Template talk:Premier Grand Lodge of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Premier Grand Lodge of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England256" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="Premier Grand Lodge of England">Premier Grand Lodge of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Active 1717–1813, united with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Grand_Lodge_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Grand Lodge of England">Ancient Grand Lodge of England</a> (1751–1813) to create the <a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand Lodge of England</a> (1813–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Freemasonry)" title="Grand Master (Freemasonry)">Grand<br />Masters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Sayer" title="Anthony Sayer">Anthony Sayer</a> (1717–1718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Payne_(Freemason)" title="George Payne (Freemason)">George Payne</a> (1718–1719)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers" title="John Theophilus Desaguliers">John Theophilus Desaguliers</a> (1719–1720)</li> <li>George Payne (1720–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_2nd_Duke_of_Montagu" title="John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu">Duke of Montagu</a> (1721–1723)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wharton,_1st_Duke_of_Wharton" title="Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton">Duke of Wharton</a> (1723)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott,_2nd_Duke_of_Buccleuch" title="Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch">Earl of Dalkeith</a> (1723–1724)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lennox,_2nd_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond">Duke of Richmond</a> (1724)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_7th_Earl_of_Abercorn" title="James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn">Lord Paisley</a> (1724–1725)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Brien,_4th_Earl_of_Inchiquin" title="William O'Brien, 4th Earl of Inchiquin">Earl of Inchiquin</a> (1726–1727)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hare,_3rd_Baron_Coleraine" title="Henry Hare, 3rd Baron Coleraine">Baron Colerane</a> (1727–1728)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_King,_4th_Baron_Kingston" title="James King, 4th Baron Kingston">Baron Kingston</a> (1728–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_8th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk">Duke of Norfolk</a> (1730–1731)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke,_1st_Earl_of_Leicester_(fifth_creation)" title="Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (fifth creation)">Baron Lovell</a> (1731–1732)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Browne,_6th_Viscount_Montagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Browne, 6th Viscount Montagu">Viscount Montagu</a> (1732–1733)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lyon,_7th_Earl_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne" title="James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne">Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne</a> (1733–1734)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay,_20th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="John Lindsay, 20th Earl of Crawford">Earl of Crawford</a> (1734–1735)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thynne,_2nd_Viscount_Weymouth" title="Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth">Lord Weymouth</a> (1735–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_4th_Earl_of_Loudoun" title="John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun">Earl of Loudoun</a> (1736–1737)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bligh,_2nd_Earl_of_Darnley" title="Edward Bligh, 2nd Earl of Darnley">Earl of Darnley</a> (1737–1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brydges,_2nd_Duke_of_Chandos" title="Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos">Marquis of Carnarvon</a> (1738–1739)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Raymond,_2nd_Baron_Raymond" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Raymond, 2nd Baron Raymond">Baron Raymond</a> (1739–1740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keith,_3rd_Earl_of_Kintore" class="mw-redirect" title="John Keith, 3rd Earl of Kintore">Earl of Kintore</a> (1740–1741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton">Earl of Morton</a> (1741–1742)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward,_1st_Viscount_Dudley_and_Ward" title="John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward">Baron Ward</a> (1742–1744)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cranstoun,_6th_Lord_Cranstoun" class="mw-redirect" title="James Cranstoun, 6th Lord Cranstoun">Lord Cranstoun</a> (1744–1747)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byron,_5th_Baron_Byron" title="William Byron, 5th Baron Byron">Baron Byron</a> (1747–1752)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Proby,_1st_Baron_Carysfort" title="John Proby, 1st Baron Carysfort">Baron Carysfort</a> (1752–1753)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brydges,_3rd_Duke_of_Chandos" title="James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos">Marquis of Carnarvon</a> (1754–1757)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sholto_Douglas,_15th_Earl_of_Morton" title="Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton">Lord Aberdour</a> (1757–1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Shirley,_5th_Earl_Ferrers" title="Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers">Earl Ferrers</a> (1762–1764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallader_Blayney,_9th_Baron_Blayney" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadwallader Blayney, 9th Baron Blayney">Baron Blayney</a> (1764–1767)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somerset,_5th_Duke_of_Beaufort" title="Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort">Duke of Beaufort</a> (1767–1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Petre,_9th_Baron_Petre" title="Robert Petre, 9th Baron Petre">Baron Petre</a> (1772–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montagu,_4th_Duke_of_Manchester" title="George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester">Duke of Manchester</a> (1777–1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Cumberland_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn">Duke of Cumberland</a> (1782–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George, Prince of Wales</a> (1792–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Augustus_Frederick,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex">Duke of Sussex</a> (1813)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry" title="History of Freemasonry">History of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antient_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="Antient Grand Lodge of England">Antient Grand Lodge of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand Lodge of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Anderson_(Freemason)" title="James Anderson (Freemason)">James Anderson's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry#Anderson's_''Constitutions''" title="History of Freemasonry">The Constitutions of the Free-Masons</a></i> (1723)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Tavern" title="Freemasons' Tavern">Freemasons' Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_London" title="Freemasons' Hall, London">Freemasons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal College of Physicians">Royal College of Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Society_of_Apothecaries" title="Worshipful Society of Apothecaries">Worshipful Society of Apothecaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding_Gentlemen%27s_Society" title="Spalding Gentlemen's Society">Spalding Gentlemen's Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtonianism" title="Newtonianism">Newtonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era#English_Enlightenment" title="Georgian era">English Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiggism" title="Whiggism">Whiggism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kit-Cat_Club" title="Kit-Cat Club">Kit-Cat Club</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormogons" title="Gormogons">Gormogons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Club" title="Hellfire Club">Hellfire Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundling_Hospital" title="Foundling Hospital">Foundling Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_Societies_Act_1799" title="Unlawful Societies Act 1799">Unlawful Societies Act 1799</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Anderson_(Freemason)" title="James Anderson (Freemason)">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Byrom" title="John Byrom">John Byrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stukeley" title="William Stukeley">William Stukeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(mathematician)" title="William Jones (mathematician)">William Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Stanhope,_4th_Earl_of_Chesterfield" title="Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield">Earl of Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delafaye" title="Charles Delafaye">Charles Delafaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carpenter,_2nd_Baron_Carpenter" title="George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter">Baron Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Billers" title="William Billers">William Billers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Prendergast,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Prendergast, 2nd Baronet">Sir Thomas Prendergast, 2nd Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Taylor" title="Brook Taylor">Brook Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Folkes" title="Martin Folkes">Martin Folkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Arbuthnot" title="John Arbuthnot">John Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cox_(brewer)" title="Charles Cox (brewer)">Charles Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Earl_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis">Earl Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cantillon" title="Richard Cantillon">Richard Cantillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Machin" title="John Machin">John Machin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rutty" title="William Rutty">William Rutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Vernon_(politician,_born_1646)" title="James Vernon (politician, born 1646)">James Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Senex" title="John Senex">John Senex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thornhill" title="James Thornhill">James Thornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Parker,_2nd_Earl_of_Macclesfield" title="George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield">Earl of Macclesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browne_(chemist)" title="John Browne (chemist)">John Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jurin" title="James Jurin">James Jurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas_(physician)" title="James Douglas (physician)">James Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stuart_(scientist)" title="Alexander Stuart (scientist)">Alexander Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Chambers" title="Ephraim Chambers">Ephraim Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Manningham" title="Richard Manningham">Richard Manningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Nicholls" title="Frank Nicholls">Frank Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rawlinson" title="Richard Rawlinson">Richard Rawlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stanhope_(1673%E2%80%931760)" title="Charles Stanhope (1673–1760)">Charles Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_James_Cavendish_(MP_for_Derby)" title="Lord James Cavendish (MP for Derby)">Lord James Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_2nd_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun">Earl of Hopetoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_(antiquary)" title="William Richardson (antiquary)">William Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Becket" title="William Becket">William Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anstis" title="John Anstis">John Anstis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Bertie,_2nd_Duke_of_Ancaster_and_Kesteven" title="Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven">Duke of Ancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hayes_(mathematician)" title="Charles Hayes (mathematician)">Charles Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Prideaux_(artist)" title="Edmund Prideaux (artist)">Edmund Prideaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shelvocke" title="George Shelvocke">George Shelvocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Woodward_(naturalist)" title="John Woodward (naturalist)">John Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward_(academic)" title="John Ward (academic)">John Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baptist_Grano" title="John Baptist Grano">John Baptist Grano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King,_2nd_Baron_King" title="John King, 2nd Baron King">Baron King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Christoph_Le_Blon" title="Jacob Christoph Le Blon">Jacques Leblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Oughton" title="Adolphus Oughton">Adolphus Oughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Rich,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet">Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Temple,_1st_Viscount_Cobham" title="Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham">Viscount Cobham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Columbine" title="Francis Columbine">Francis Columbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Warburton" title="Hugh Warburton">Hugh Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_9th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend,_3rd_Viscount_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend">Viscount Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bladen" title="Martin Bladen">Martin Bladen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Waldegrave,_1st_Earl_Waldegrave" title="James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave">Earl Waldegrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Pierrepont,_2nd_Duke_of_Kingston-upon-Hull" title="Evelyn Pierrepont, 2nd Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull">Duke of Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_3rd_Earl_of_Burlington" title="Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington">Earl of Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Capell,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Douglas,_3rd_Duke_of_Queensberry" title="Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry">Duke of Queensberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Scott,_1st_Earl_of_Deloraine" title="Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine">Earl of Deloraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colyear,_2nd_Earl_of_Portmore" title="Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore">Earl of Portmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spencer,_3rd_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough">Duke of Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_5th_Baron_Baltimore" title="Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore">Baron Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murray,_2nd_Duke_of_Atholl" title="James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl">Duke of Atholl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kerr,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lothian" title="William Kerr, 3rd Marquess of Lothian">Marquess of Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lindsay,_4th_Earl_of_Balcarres" title="Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Balcarres">Earl of Balcarres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_8th_Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea">Earl of Winchilsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Acheson,_5th_Baronet" title="Sir Arthur Acheson, 5th Baronet">Sir Arthur Acheson, 5th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Robert_Lawley,_4th_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Robert Lawley, 4th Baronet (page does not exist)">Sir Robert Lawley, 4th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Brodie_(1697%E2%80%931754)" title="Alexander Brodie (1697–1754)">Alexander Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Labelye" title="Charles Labelye">Charles Labelye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Calverley-Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Calverley-Blackett">Walter Calverley-Blackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wright_(astronomer)" title="Thomas Wright (astronomer)">Thomas Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hervey,_2nd_Baron_Hervey" title="John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey">Baron Hervey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunckerley" title="Thomas Dunckerley">Thomas Dunckerley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_(Freemason)" title="William Preston (Freemason)">William Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rawdon-Hastings,_1st_Marquess_of_Hastings" title="Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings">Marquess of Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Smythe" title="James Moore Smythe">James Moore Smythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle-Walsingham" title="Robert Boyle-Walsingham">Robert Boyle-Walsingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_de_Cornwall" title="Sir Robert de Cornwall">Sir Robert de Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batty_Langley" title="Batty Langley">Batty Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arne" title="Thomas Arne">Thomas Arne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Soane" title="John Soane">John Soane</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Zoffany" title="Johan Zoffany">Johan Zoffany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coustos" title="John Coustos">John Coustos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_da_Costa" title="Hipólito da Costa">Hipólito da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_L%C3%B6w_Schomberg" title="Meyer Löw Schomberg">Meyer Löw Schomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Salvador" title="Joseph Salvador">Joseph Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampson_Eardley,_1st_Baron_Eardley" title="Sampson Eardley, 1st Baron Eardley">Sampson Eardley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendez" title="Moses Mendez">Moses Mendez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Solomon" title="Meyer Solomon">Meyer Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Montefiore" title="Moses Montefiore">Moses Montefiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mayer_Rothschild" title="Nathan Mayer Rothschild">Nathan Mayer Rothschild</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prime_ministers15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Henry Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Duke of Newcastle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153408#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3943" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153408#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3943" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153408#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121310954">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46830189">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1727157/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh8VDxdGmhBF6Xdpwqmh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118808818">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50036748">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12322420k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12322420k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Banks, Joseph"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV086332">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35154307">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050905002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06863188X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90333869">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000291385&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000311270">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202263056">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jll82q06z6x0r">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810614517005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/124521">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007258111705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14092852">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Banks">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/sir-joseph-banks/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500313846">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/448501">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/bc9a7e20-5913-48a8-be05-002d6f1d7fa0">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findnzartists.org.nz/artist/707/">New Zealand Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/844508">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/banks-sir-joseph-1737">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118808818.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118808818">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03213570X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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