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Beschikbaar in 25 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اضطراب الطفولة التحللية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اضطراب الطفولة التحللية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastorn_desintegratiu_infantil" title="Trastorn desintegratiu infantil – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trastorn desintegratiu infantil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellersche_Demenz" title="Hellersche Demenz – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hellersche Demenz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_disintegrative_disorder" title="Childhood disintegrative disorder – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Childhood disintegrative disorder" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastorno_desintegrativo_de_la_infancia" title="Trastorno desintegrativo de la infancia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trastorno desintegrativo de la infancia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haurtzaroko_desintegrazio-nahasmendu" title="Haurtzaroko desintegrazio-nahasmendu – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haurtzaroko desintegrazio-nahasmendu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="اختلال انسجام‌گسیختگی کودکی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اختلال انسجام‌گسیختگی کودکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellerin_tauti" title="Hellerin tauti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hellerin tauti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gratif_de_l%27enfance" title="Trouble désintégratif de l'enfance – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trouble désintégratif de l'enfance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הפרעת ילדות דיסאינטגרטיבית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרעת ילדות דיסאינטגרטיבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezintegrativni_poreme%C4%87aj_u_djetinjstvu" title="Dezintegrativni poremećaj u djetinjstvu – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dezintegrativni poremećaj u djetinjstvu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մանկական դեզինտեգրատիվ քայքայում – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանկական դեզինտեգրատիվ քայքայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disturbo_disintegrativo_dell%27infanzia" title="Disturbo disintegrativo dell'infanzia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Disturbo disintegrativo dell'infanzia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%85%90%E6%9C%9F%E5%B4%A9%E5%A3%8A%E6%80%A7%E9%9A%9C%E5%AE%B3" title="小児期崩壊性障害 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="小児期崩壊性障害" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B6%95%EA%B4%B4%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%A5%EC%95%A0" title="아동기 붕괴성 장애 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아동기 붕괴성 장애" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_Hellera" title="Zespół Hellera – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zespół Hellera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtorno_desintegrativo_da_inf%C3%A2ncia" title="Transtorno desintegrativo da infância – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transtorno desintegrativo da infância" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Детское дезинтегративное расстройство – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Детское дезинтегративное расстройство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dje%C4%8Dji_disintegrativni_poreme%C4%87aj" title="Dječji disintegrativni poremećaj – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dječji disintegrativni poremećaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_disintegrative_disorder" title="Childhood disintegrative disorder – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Childhood disintegrative disorder" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desintegrativ_st%C3%B6rning_hos_barn" title="Desintegrativ störning hos barn – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Desintegrativ störning hos barn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ocuklu%C4%9Fun_dezintegratif_bozuklu%C4%9Fu" title="Çocukluğun dezintegratif bozukluğu – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çocukluğun dezintegratif bozukluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Дитячий дезінтегративний розлад – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дитячий дезінтегративний розлад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%91i_lo%E1%BA%A1n_ph%C3%A2n_ly_%E1%BB%9F_tr%E1%BA%BB_em" title="Rối loạn phân ly ở trẻ em – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rối loạn phân ly ở trẻ em" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%9C%9F%E5%B4%A9%E8%A7%A3%E7%97%87" title="儿童期崩解症 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="儿童期崩解症" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388722#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Desintegratiestoornis van de kinderleeftijd </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><b>Syndroom van Heller</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Synoniemen </th></tr> <tr> <th>Latijn </th> <td colspan="2">dementia infantilis<sup id="cite_ref-Springer2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Springer2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />dementia infantilis Hellers<sup id="cite_ref-Sliosberg1975_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sliosberg1975-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Coderingen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a><br /><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" title="ICD-9">ICD-9</a> </th> <td colspan="2">F84.2-F84.3<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=299.10">299.10</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=299.11">299.11</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>De <b>desintegratiestoornis van de kinderleeftijd</b>, ook wel <b>syndroom van Heller</b> genoemd, was een <a href="/wiki/Psychische_aandoening" title="Psychische aandoening">psychische aandoening</a> die was ingedeeld bij de <a href="/wiki/Pervasieve_ontwikkelingsstoornis" title="Pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornis">pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen</a>. </p><p>In mei 2013 is de vijfde editie van de <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a> (DSM-5) gepubliceerd. Alle verschillende autisme-stoornissen (<a href="/wiki/Autisme" title="Autisme">klassiek autisme</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Asperger" title="Syndroom van Asperger">syndroom van Asperger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atypisch_autisme" title="Atypisch autisme">atypisch autisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meervoudig_complexe_ontwikkelingsstoornis" title="Meervoudig complexe ontwikkelingsstoornis">meervoudig complexe ontwikkelingsstoornis</a> (MCDD), <a href="/wiki/PDD-NOS" title="PDD-NOS">PDD-NOS</a>, desintegratiestoornis van de kinderleeftijd en het <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Rett" title="Syndroom van Rett">syndroom van Rett</a>) werden samengevoegd en voortaan was er nog maar een autismediagnose: <a href="/wiki/Autismespectrumstoornis" title="Autismespectrumstoornis">autismespectrumstoornis</a> (ASS). Ook in de elfde versie van de <a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</a> (ICD), het internationale handboek van de <a href="/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie">Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie</a>, formeel van kracht sinds 1 januari 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-assembly-update_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assembly-update-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zijn alle <a href="/wiki/Pervasieve_ontwikkelingsstoornis" title="Pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornis">pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen</a> (behalve het <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Rett" title="Syndroom van Rett">syndroom van Rett</a>) samengevoegd tot <a href="/wiki/Autismespectrumstoornis" title="Autismespectrumstoornis">autismespectrumstoornis</a> (ICD11: 6A02).<sup id="cite_ref-Reed_et_al_2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reed_et_al_2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="DSM-IV">DSM-IV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desintegratiestoornis_van_de_kinderleeftijd&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: DSM-IV" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desintegratiestoornis_van_de_kinderleeftijd&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: DSM-IV"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de vierde editie van de <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a> (DSM-IV, 1994, gereviseerde versie DSM-IV-TR 2000) stonden de volgende criteria: </p> <ul><li>Schijnbaar normale ontwikkeling gedurende minimaal twee jaar na de geboorte, wat blijkt uit voor de leeftijd normale verbale en non-verbale communicatie, sociale relaties, spel en aanpassingsgedrag.</li> <li>Klinisch duidelijk verlies van eerder verworven vaardigheden (voor de leeftijd van tien jaar) op minimaal twee van de volgende gebieden:</li></ul> <ol><li>taal (spreken of luisteren)</li> <li>sociale vaardigheden of aanpassingsgedrag</li> <li>beheersing van darmen of blaas</li> <li>spelen</li> <li>motoriek</li></ol> <ul><li>Afwijkingen in het functioneren op minimaal twee van de volgende gebieden:</li></ul> <ol><li>kwalitatieve tekortkomingen in de sociale interactie (bijvoorbeeld beperking in het non-verbaal gedrag, geen relaties met leeftijdsgenoten kunnen opbouwen, gebrek aan sociale of emotionele bereikbaarheid)</li> <li>kwalitatieve tekortkomingen in de communicatie (bijvoorbeeld late of geen ontwikkeling van gesproken taal, onvermogen een gesprek te beginnen of te voeren, stereotiep of repetitief gebruik van taal, geen gevarieerde fantasiespelletjes)</li> <li>beperkte, herhaalde en stereotiepe gedragspatronen, interesses en activiteiten, waaronder stereotiepe en repetitieve motoriek.</li></ol> <ul><li>De stoornis is niet beter te verklaren door een andere specifieke pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornis of <a href="/wiki/Schizofrenie" title="Schizofrenie">schizofrenie</a>.</li></ul> <p>Kinderen met deze aandoening ontwikkelen zich de eerste twee jaar (of langer) van hun leven normaal, maar voor het tiende levensjaar raken ze eerder opgedane vaardigheden op het gebied van taal, sociaal gedrag, communicatie en motoriek weer kwijt. Verder gaan ze beperkt, repetitief of stereotiep gedrag vertonen. In enkele opzichten vertoont de aandoening overeenkomsten met het <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Rett" title="Syndroom van Rett">syndroom van Rett</a>. </p><p>In sommige gevallen gaat aan de aandoening een fase vooraf waarin het kind prikkelbaar, angstig of hyperactief wordt. In gevallen waarin een progressief neurologisch probleem kan worden aangetoond, zijn de symptomen vaak ook progressief. In de meeste gevallen stabiliseert de aandoening zich echter en soms treedt ook een lichte verbetering op. </p><p>De prognose is slecht: in de meeste gevallen ontstaat blijvende <a href="/wiki/Verstandelijke_beperking" title="Verstandelijke beperking">verstandelijke beperking</a>. Het is vooralsnog onduidelijk of er een relatie met <a href="/wiki/Autistische_stoornis" title="Autistische stoornis">autisme</a> bestaat, omdat in bepaalde gevallen een specifieke hersenstoornis als oorzaak aangewezen kan worden. De diagnose wordt nu gesteld op grond van gedragskenmerken. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Literatuurverwijzingen</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Springer2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Springer2007_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuter, P. (2007). <i>Springer Klinisches Wörterbuch.</i> Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sliosberg1975-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sliosberg1975_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sliosberg, A. (1975). <i>Elsevier’s medical dictionary in five languages. English/American / French / Italian / Spanish and German.</i> (2nd Edition). Amsterdam/Oxford/New York: Elsevier’s Scientific Publishing Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-assembly-update-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-assembly-update_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2019"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/25-05-2019-world-health-assembly-update">World Health Assembly Update</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie">Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie</a></i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-05-25">25 mei 2019</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730052948/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/25-05-2019-world-health-assembly-update">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-07-30">30 juli 2019</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-05-24">24 mei 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reed_et_al_2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reed_et_al_2019_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREF2019"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Reed GM, First MB, Kogan CS, Hyman SE, Gureje O, Gaebel W, Maj M, Stein DJ, et al.</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (februari 2019). <cite>Innovations and changes in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders</cite>. <i>World Psychiatry</i> 18 (1): 3-19. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30600616">30600616</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6313247">6313247</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20611">10.1002/wps.20611</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f437815624">6A02 Autism spectrum disorder</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</a></i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-05-24">24 mei 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud 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cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Diagnoses:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Autisme" title="Autisme">Autisme</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Autismespectrumstoornis" title="Autismespectrumstoornis">Autismespectrumstoornis</a> (ASS) · (<a href="/wiki/Hoogfunctionerend_autisme" title="Hoogfunctionerend autisme">Hoogfunctionerend autisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Autistische_stoornis" title="Autistische stoornis">Autistische stoornis</a> ('Klassiek autisme') · <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Asperger" title="Syndroom van Asperger">Syndroom van Asperger</a> · <a href="/wiki/PDD-NOS" title="PDD-NOS">PDD-NOS</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Desintegratiestoornis van de kinderleeftijd</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Rett" title="Syndroom van Rett">Syndroom van Rett</a> · <a href="/wiki/Atypisch_autisme" title="Atypisch autisme">Atypisch autisme</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">Verwante aandoeningen:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Alexithymie" title="Alexithymie">Alexithymie</a> · <a href="/wiki/ADHD_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADHD (hoofdbetekenis)">ADHD</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angststoornis" title="Angststoornis">Angststoornis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obsessieve-compulsieve_stoornis" title="Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis">Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Antisociale_gedragsstoornis" title="Antisociale gedragsstoornis">Antisociale gedragsstoornis</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_talker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late talker (de pagina bestaat niet)">Late talker</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fragiele-X-syndroom" title="Fragiele-X-syndroom">Fragiele-X-syndroom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hyperlexie" title="Hyperlexie">Hyperlexie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Savantsyndroom" title="Savantsyndroom">Savantsyndroom</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensorische_integratiestoornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensorische integratiestoornis (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sensorische integratiestoornis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verstandelijke_beperking" title="Verstandelijke beperking">Verstandelijke beperking</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dyspraxie" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspraxie">Dyspraxie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meervoudig_complexe_ontwikkelingsstoornis" title="Meervoudig complexe ontwikkelingsstoornis">Meervoudig complexe ontwikkelingsstoornis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oppositioneel-opstandige_gedragsstoornis" title="Oppositioneel-opstandige gedragsstoornis">ODD</a> · <a href="/wiki/Niet-verbale_leerstoornis" title="Niet-verbale leerstoornis">NLD</a> · <a href="/wiki/IDIC-15" title="IDIC-15">Isodicentrisch chromosoom 15</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontwijkende_persoonlijkheidsstoornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontwijkende persoonlijkheidsstoornis">Ontwijkende persoonlijkheidsstoornis</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Controverses:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autistic_enterocolitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autistic enterocolitis (de pagina bestaat niet)">Autistic enterocolitis</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefasciliteerde_communicatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gefasciliteerde communicatie (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gefasciliteerde communicatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/BMR-vaccin#Weerlegde_theorie_BMR-vaccin_als_oorzaak_autisme" title="BMR-vaccin">BMR-vaccin</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapid_prompting_method&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapid prompting method (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rapid prompting method</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal" title="Thiomersal">Thiomersal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chelatietherapie" title="Chelatietherapie">Chelatietherapie</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Discriminatie_tegen_autistische_mensen" title="Discriminatie tegen autistische mensen">Discriminatie tegen autistische mensen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">Diagnostiek:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Autismespectrumquoti%C3%ABnt" title="Autismespectrumquotiënt">Autismespectrumquotiënt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Childhood_Autism_Rating_Scale" title="Childhood Autism Rating Scale">Childhood Autism Rating Scale</a> · <a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilliam_Asperger%27s_disorder_scale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_Diagnostic_Observation_Schedule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (de pagina bestaat niet)">Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_Diagnostic_Interview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autism Diagnostic Interview (de pagina bestaat niet)">Autism Diagnostic Interview</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Patiëntenverenigingen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Personen_met_een_Autisme_Spectrum_Stoornis" title="Personen met een Autisme Spectrum Stoornis">Personen met een Autisme Spectrum Stoornis (PASS)</a> <small><b>(BE)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/Vlaamse_Vereniging_Autisme" title="Vlaamse Vereniging Autisme">Vlaamse Vereniging Autisme</a> <small><b>(BE)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/Stichting_Papageno" title="Stichting Papageno">Stichting Papageno</a> <small><b>(NL)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/Personen_uit_het_Autisme_Spectrum" title="Personen uit het Autisme Spectrum">Personen uit het Autisme Spectrum (PAS)</a> <small><b>(NL)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Autisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Autisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Autisme (NVA)</a> <small><b>(NL)</b></small></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">Professionele ondersteuning:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Koninklijk_Instituut_Spermalie" title="Koninklijk Instituut Spermalie">Koninklijk Instituut Spermalie</a> <small><b>(BE)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/Kentalis" title="Kentalis">Kentalis</a> <small><b>(NL)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/Dr._Leo_Kannerhuis" title="Dr. Leo Kannerhuis">Dr. Leo Kannerhuis</a> <small><b>(NL)</b></small> · <a href="/wiki/De_Steiger" title="De Steiger">De Steiger</a> <small><b>(NL)</b></small></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">Sociale beweging:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Autismebeweging" title="Autismebeweging">Autismebeweging</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">Overlap:</span></b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Autisme_en_LHBT-identiteiten" class="mw-redirect" title="Autisme en LHBT-identiteiten">Autisme en LHBT-identiteiten</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img 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