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<span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natya_Shastra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natya_Shastra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Natya Shastra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natya_Shastra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambodia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cambodia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Java_and_Bali,_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Java_and_Bali,_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Java and Bali, Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Java_and_Bali,_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manipur,_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manipur,_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Manipur, India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manipur,_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Champa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Champa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Champa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Champa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apsara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="أبسارا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبسارا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="অপ্সৰা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অপ্সৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="অপ্সরা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপ্সরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsaras" title="Apsaras – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apsaras" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsar%C3%A1" title="Apsará – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apsará" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="آپسرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپسرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE" title="અપ્સરા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અપ્સરા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC" title="압사라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압사라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BA%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Ապսարա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ապսարա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अप्सरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अप्सरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidadari" title="Bidadari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bidadari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsaras" title="Apsaras – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apsaras" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="אפסארה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפסארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಪ್ಸರೆಯರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಪ್ಸರೆಯರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अप्सरा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अप्सरा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അപ്സരസ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപ്സരസ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अप्सरा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अप्सरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidadari" title="Bidadari – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bidadari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9" title="アプサラス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アプサラス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE" title="ଅପ୍‌ସରା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅପ୍‌ସରା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsarlar" title="Apsarlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Apsarlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਪਸਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਪਸਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6" title="អប្សរា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អប្សរា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsar%C3%A1" title="Apsará – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apsará" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Апсара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апсара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="අප්සරා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අප්සරා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اپسرا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اپسرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsaraser" title="Apsaraser – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apsaraser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அரம்பையர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரம்பையர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3" title="อัปสร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัปสร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಅಪ್ಸರೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಪ್ಸರೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Апсара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апсара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اپسرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اپسرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Apsara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E5%A4%A9%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E" title="飛天女神 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="飛天女神" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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waters in Hindu and Buddhist culture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Apsara_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Apsara (disambiguation)">Apsara (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apsara_Dance" title="Apsara Dance">Apsara Dance</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Apsara" title="Special:EditPage/Apsara">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Apsara%22">"Apsara"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Apsara%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Apsara%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Apsara%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Apsara%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Apsara%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Khmer_script_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Khmer_language.svg/40px-Khmer_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Khmer_language.svg/60px-Khmer_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Khmer_language.svg/80px-Khmer_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit">add</a> <a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer script</a> to this article, where needed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MET_DP-1062-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/MET_DP-1062-001.jpg/220px-MET_DP-1062-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/MET_DP-1062-001.jpg/330px-MET_DP-1062-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/MET_DP-1062-001.jpg/440px-MET_DP-1062-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A 12th-century sandstone statue of an apsara from <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Apsaras</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">अप्सरा</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Apsarā</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>: <span lang="pi">अच्छरा</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">Accharā</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: អប្សរា<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>:นางอัปสรา) are a member of a class of celestial beings in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Buddhist culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, but, later play the role of a "<a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">fairy</a>". They figure prominently in the sculptures, dance, literature and paintings of many <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The apsaras are described to be beautiful, youthful and elegant, and are said to be able to change their shape at will; making anyone fall for their beauty. There are two types of apsaras—<i>laukika</i> (worldly) and <i>daivika</i> (divine). They are great in the art of dancing, and often wives of the <a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">gandharvas</a>, the court musicians of <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>. The apsaras reside in the palaces of the gods and entertain them by dancing to the music made by the Gandharvas. The 26 apsaras of Indra's court are each said to symbolise a different facet of the performing arts, drawing comparisons to the <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>. They are also renowned for seducing <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">rishis</a> in order to prevent them from attaining divine powers. <a href="/wiki/Urvashi" title="Urvashi">Urvashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menaka" title="Menaka">Menaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rambha_(apsara)" title="Rambha (apsara)">Rambha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilottama" title="Tilottama">Tilottama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghritachi" title="Ghritachi">Ghritachi</a> are the most famous among the apsaras.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, <i>Apsara</i> are known as "<a href="/wiki/Tennin" title="Tennin">Tennin</a>" (天人); "Tennyo" (天女) for "female Tennin" and "Tennan" (天男) for "male Tennin". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg/220px-Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg/330px-Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg/440px-Celestial_fairies_Apsaras_on_Hindu_Temple_at_Banares_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1640" /></a><figcaption>Apsaras on Hindu Temple at <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Banares</a>, 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of 'apsara' is the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> अप्सरस्, <i>apsaras</i> (in the stem form, which is the dictionary form). Note that the stem-form ends in 's' as distinct from, e.g. the nominative singular <i>Rāmas / Rāmaḥ</i> (the deity Ram in Hindi), whose stem form is <i>Rāma</i>. The nominative singular form is अप्सरास् <i>apsarās</i>, or अप्सरा: <i>apsarāḥ</i> when standing alone, which becomes अप्सरा <i>apsarā</i> in Hindi, from which in turn the English "apsara" presumably is derived. The <a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams</a> <i>et al</i>. (1899) gives the etymology as अप् + √सृ, "going in the waters or between the waters of the clouds".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apsaras are widely known as <i>Apsara</i> (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">អប្សរា</span></span> <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">Âbsâréa</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>, and also called <i>Accharā</i> in <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>, or <i>Bidadari</i> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a>), <i>Biraddali</i> (<a href="/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tausūg language">Tausug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinama language">Sinama</a>), <i>Hapsari / Apsari</i> or <i>Widadari / Widyadari</i> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a>), <i>Helloi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a>) and <i>Apsorn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">อัปสร</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg/220px-13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg/330px-13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg/440px-13._Khajuraho_Devi_Jgadambi_apsara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Apsara, <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho_Group_of_Monuments" title="Khajuraho Group of Monuments">Devi Jagadambi temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho" title="Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>The most ancient descriptions of apsara portray them as "<a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">water nymph</a>"-like beings.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> tells of an apsara who is the wife of <a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharva</a>; however, the Rigveda also seems to allow for the existence of more than one apsara.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only apsara specifically named is <a href="/wiki/Urvashi" title="Urvashi">Urvashi</a>. An entire hymn deals with the <a href="/wiki/Colloquy_(religious)" title="Colloquy (religious)">colloquy</a> between Urvashi and her mortal lover <a href="/wiki/Pururavas" title="Pururavas">Pururavas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Hindu scriptures allow for the existence of numerous apsaras, who act as the handmaidens of <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> or as dancers at his celestial court<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving as musicians alongside the gandharvas ("celestial musicians").<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki Upanishad</a> mentions apsaras as a class of divinities associated with ointments, garlands, vestments, and powdered aromatics.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origin of the apsaras is described in the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>. Apsaras are further associated with water by relating them to the <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Manthana" title="Samudra Manthana">churning of the ocean</a>, water sports, and groups such as <i>nāgas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many of the stories related in the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>, apsaras appear in important supporting roles. The epic contains several lists of the principal Apsaras, which lists are not always identical. Here is one such list, together with a description of how the celestial dancers appeared to the residents and guests at the court of the gods: </p> <blockquote><p> Ghritachi, <a href="/wiki/Menaka" title="Menaka">Menaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rambha_(apsara)" title="Rambha (apsara)">Rambha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilottama" title="Tilottama">Tilottama</a>, Purvachitti, Swayamprabha, <a href="/wiki/Urvashi" title="Urvashi">Urvashi</a>, Misrakeshi, Dandagauri, Varuthini, Gopali, Sahajanya, Kumbhayoni, Prajagara, Chitrasena, Chitralekha, Saha, and Madhuraswana—these and thousands more, possessed of eyes like lotus leaves, were employed in enticing the hearts of individuals practicing rigid austerities, and they danced there. And possessing slim waists and fair large hips, they began to perform various evolutions, shaking their deep bosoms, and casting their glances around, and exhibiting other attractive attitudes capable of stealing the hearts and resolutions and minds of the spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Mahabharata documents the exploits of individual apsaras, such as <a href="/wiki/Tilottama" title="Tilottama">Tilottama</a>, who rescued the world from the rampaging <a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">asura</a> brothers <a href="/wiki/Sunda_(asura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunda (asura)">Sunda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upasunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasunda">Upasunda</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Urvashi" title="Urvashi">Urvashi</a>, who attempted to seduce the hero <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a>. </p><p>A recurring theme in the Mahabharata is that of an apsara sent to distract a sage from his ascetic practices. One story embodying this theme is that recounted by the epic heroine <a href="/wiki/Shakuntala" title="Shakuntala">Shakuntala</a> to explain her own parentage.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once upon a time, the sage <a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a> generated such intense energy by means of his asceticism that <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> himself became fearful. Deciding that the sage would have to be distracted from his penances, he sent the apsara <a href="/wiki/Menaka" title="Menaka">Menaka</a> to work her charms. Menaka trembled at the thought of angering such a powerful ascetic, but she obeyed the god's order. As she approached Vishvamitra, the wind god <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a> tore away her garments. Seeing her thus disrobed, the sage abandoned himself to lust and they made love, during which Vishvamitra's asceticism was put on hold. As a consequence, Menaka gave birth to a daughter, whom she abandoned on the banks of a river. That daughter was Shakuntala herself, the narrator of the story. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shu_Ting" title="Shu Ting">Shu Ting</a> referenced apsara in her poem "O Motherland, Dear Motherland".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_arts">In arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Indian apsaras were identified with names and were central in myths. However, since they were not attributed specific physical features or attributes, artistic depictions do not individualize them.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natya_Shastra">Natya Shastra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Natya Shastra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i>, the principal work of dramatic theory for Sanskrit drama, lists the following apsaras: Manjukesi, Sukesi, Misrakesi, Sulochana, Saudamini, Devadatta, Devasena, Manorama, Sudati, Sundari, Vigagdha, Vividha, Budha, Sumala, Santati, Sunanda, Sumukhi, Magadhi, Arjuni, Sarala, Kerala, <a href="/wiki/Dhrti" title="Dhrti">Dhrti</a>, Nanda, Supuskala, Supuspamala and Kalabha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambodia">Cambodia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cambodia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg/213px-L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg/320px-L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg/426px-L%27apsara_colonial_stamp_1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Apsara on a 1931 <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Indochina" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Indochina">postage stamp of Indochina</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Apsara Relief Sculpture on Angkor Wat, Cambodia, Temple Wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg/220px-Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg/330px-Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg/440px-Apsara_Relief_Sculpture_on_Angkor_Wat_Temple_Wall_Feb_10_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Devata relief sculpture on Angkor Wat Temple Wall</figcaption></figure> <p>Apsaras represent an important motif in the stone <a href="/wiki/Bas-reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-reliefs">bas-reliefs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkorian</a> temples in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> (8th–13th centuries AD), however, not all female images are considered to be apsaras. In harmony with the Indian association of dance with apsaras, Khmer female figures that are dancing or are poised to dance are considered <i>apsaras</i>; female figures, depicted individually or in groups, who are standing still and facing forward in the manner of temple guardians or custodians are called <i><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">devatas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a>, the largest Angkor temple (built in 1113–1150 AD), features both <i>Apsaras</i> and <i>Devata</i>, however, the devata type are the most numerous with more than 1,796 in the present research inventory.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angkor Wat architects employed small apsara images (30–40 cm as seen below) as decorative motifs on pillars and walls. They incorporated larger devata images (all full-body portraits measuring approximately 95–110  cm) more prominently at every level of the temple from the entry pavilion to the tops of the high towers. In 1927, Sappho Marchal published a study cataloging the remarkable diversity of their hair, headdresses, garments, stance, jewelry and decorative flowers, which Marchal concluded were based on actual practices of the Angkor period. Some devatas appear with arms around each other and seem to be greeting the viewer. "The devatas seem to epitomize all the elements of a refined elegance," wrote Marchal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danseuses_kmer_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG/220px-Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG/330px-Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG/440px-Danseuses_kmer_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer classical dance">Khmer</a> Apsara dancers</figcaption></figure> <p>The bas-reliefs of Angkorian temples have become an inspiration of <a href="/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer classical dance">Khmer classical dance</a>. The indigenous ballet-like performance art of Cambodia is frequently called "<a href="/wiki/Robam_Tep_Apsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Robam Tep Apsara">Apsara Dance</a>". The dance was created by the Royal Ballet of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> in the mid-20th century under the patronage of Queen <a href="/wiki/Sisowath_Kossamak" title="Sisowath Kossamak">Sisowath Kossamak</a> of Cambodia. The role of the apsara is played by a woman, wearing a tight-fitting traditional dress with gilded jewelry and headdress modelled after Angkor bas-reliefs,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose graceful, sinuous gestures are codified to narrate classical myths or religious stories.<sup id="cite_ref-dig_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dig-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Java_and_Bali,_Indonesia"><span id="Java_and_Bali.2C_Indonesia"></span>Java and Bali, Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Java and Bali, Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsara_from_Borobudur,_gallery_1,_9th_century,_photo_ca._1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Apsara_from_Borobudur%2C_gallery_1%2C_9th_century%2C_photo_ca._1900.jpg/220px-Apsara_from_Borobudur%2C_gallery_1%2C_9th_century%2C_photo_ca._1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Apsara_from_Borobudur%2C_gallery_1%2C_9th_century%2C_photo_ca._1900.jpg/330px-Apsara_from_Borobudur%2C_gallery_1%2C_9th_century%2C_photo_ca._1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Apsara_from_Borobudur%2C_gallery_1%2C_9th_century%2C_photo_ca._1900.jpg/440px-Apsara_from_Borobudur%2C_gallery_1%2C_9th_century%2C_photo_ca._1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>The Apsara of <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, the flying celestial maiden depicted in a bas-relief of the 9th-century Borobudur temple, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Indonesian language throughout medieval times, apsaras are also known as 'bidadari', being conflated with the 'vidyadharis' (from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <i>vidhyadhari</i>: <i>vidhya</i>, 'knowledge'; <i>dharya</i>, 'having, bearer, or bringer') known as <i>Bidadari</i> in the modern <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bidadari_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidadari-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the females of the <a href="/wiki/Vidyadhara" title="Vidyadhara">vidyādharas</a>, another class of celestial beings in Indian mythology. 'Vidyādhara' literally means 'possessed of science or spells', and refers to 'a kind of supernatural being ... possessed of magical power' or 'fairy' according to Monier-Williams' dictionary. The bidadaris are heavenly maidens,<sup id="cite_ref-Bidadari_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidadari-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> living in the <a href="/wiki/Svarga" title="Svarga">svargaloka</a> or in celestial palace of <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>, described in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Balinese</a> dedari (bidadari or apsara) dance. </p><p>Traditionally apsaras are described as celestial maidens living in <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>'s heaven (Kaéndran). They are well known for their special task: being sent to earth by Indra to seduce <a href="/wiki/Ascetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetics">ascetics</a> who by their severe practices may become more powerful than the gods. This theme occurs frequently in Javanese traditions, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Arjunawiwaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakawin Arjunawiwaha">Kakawin Arjunawiwaha</a></i>, written by mpu Kanwa in 1030 during the reign of king <a href="/wiki/Airlangga" title="Airlangga">Airlangga</a>. The story tells that <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a>, in order to defeat the giant Niwatakawaca, engaged in meditation and asceticism, whereupon Indra sent apsaras to seduce him. Arjuna, however, managed to conquer his lust and then to win the ultimate weapons from the gods to defeat the giant. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG/220px-Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG/330px-Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG/440px-Condong_dancer_DYK_crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>The Balinese <a href="/wiki/Legong" title="Legong">Legong</a> dance depict celestial maidens, <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, Indonesia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Later in the <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Javanese</a> tradition the apsara was also called <i>Hapsari</i>, also known as <i>Widodari</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word vidyādhari). The Javanese Hindu-Buddhist tradition also influenced <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>. In Balinese dance, the theme of celestial maidens often occurs. Dances such as <i>Sanghyang Dedari</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Legong" title="Legong">Legong</a></i> depicted divine maidens in their own way. In the court of <a href="/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate">Mataram Sultanate</a> the tradition of depicting heavenly maidens in dances is still alive and well. The Javanese court dances of <a href="/wiki/Bedhaya" title="Bedhaya">Bedhaya</a> portray apsaras. </p><p>However, after the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, bidadari is equated with <a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">houri</a>, the heavenly maiden mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, in which God stated that the 'forbidden pearls' of heaven are for those men who have resisted temptation and borne life's trials. Islam spread in the Malay archipelago when Arabic traders came to trade spices with the Malays; at that time, Hinduism formed the basis of the Malay culture, but <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a> with the Islamic religion and culture spawned the idea of a <i>Bidadari</i>. It is usually seen as a prize offered to those who lived a lifestyle in service to and pleasing to God; after death, the Bidadari was the man's wife or wives, depending on what type of person he was. The worthiness of a man who was offered Bidadari depended upon his holiness: how often he prayed, how much he turned away from the 'outside world', and how little he heeded worldly desires. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg/220px-Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg/330px-Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg/440px-Devata_and_Apsaras_Prambanan_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1858" /></a><figcaption>A male devata flanked by two apsaras, Vishnu temple, <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>, Java</figcaption></figure> <p>Images of apsaras are found in several temples of ancient <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> dating from the era of the <a href="/wiki/Sailendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailendra">Sailendra</a> dynasty to that of the <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> empire. The apsara celestial maidens might be found as decorative motifs or also as integral parts of a story in <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">bas-relief</a>. Images of apsaras can be found on <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendut" title="Mendut">Mendut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candi_Plaosan" class="mw-redirect" title="Candi Plaosan">Plaosan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Penataran_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Penataran Temple">Penataran</a>. </p><p>At Borobudur apsaras are depicted as divinely beautiful celestial maidens, pictured either in standing or in flying positions, usually holding lotus blossoms, spreading flower petals, or waving celestial clothes as if they were wings enabling them to fly. The temple of <a href="/wiki/Mendut" title="Mendut">Mendut</a> near Borobudur depicted groups of <i><a href="/wiki/Devatas" class="mw-redirect" title="Devatas">devatas</a></i>, divine beings flying in heaven, which included apsaras. In the <a href="/wiki/Prambanan_Temple_Compounds" title="Prambanan Temple Compounds">Prambanan temple</a> compound, especially in Vishnu temple, along with the gallery, some images of male devata are found flanked by two apsaras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manipur,_India"><span id="Manipur.2C_India"></span>Manipur, India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Manipur, India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the ancient <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> culture of the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a> of northeastern India, apsaras are considered as celestial nymphs or <i>hellois</i> as the flying creatures resembling the human female body attracting the male wanderers or any knights who lost their ways in the woods. They were known for their beauty, glamour, magical powers and enchanting supernatural Androphilic Magnetism. They are believed to be seven in number and are the daughters of the sky god or the <i>Soraren</i> deity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Champa">Champa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Champa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apsaras were also an important motif in the <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Champa" title="Art of Champa">art of Champa</a>, medieval <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a>'s neighbour to the east along the coast of what is now central Vietnam. Especially noteworthy are the depictions of apsaras in the <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Champa#Tra_Kieu_Style" title="Art of Champa">Tra Kieu Style</a> of Cham art, a style which flourished in the 10th and 11th centuries AD. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsarases,_1_of_5,_China,_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty,_500-550_AD,_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum,_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Apsarases%2C_1_of_5%2C_China%2C_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty%2C_500-550_AD%2C_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg/167px-Apsarases%2C_1_of_5%2C_China%2C_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty%2C_500-550_AD%2C_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Apsarases%2C_1_of_5%2C_China%2C_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty%2C_500-550_AD%2C_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg/251px-Apsarases%2C_1_of_5%2C_China%2C_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty%2C_500-550_AD%2C_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Apsarases%2C_1_of_5%2C_China%2C_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty%2C_500-550_AD%2C_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg/334px-Apsarases%2C_1_of_5%2C_China%2C_Northern_or_Eastern_Wei_dynasty%2C_500-550_AD%2C_gilt_bronze_-_Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC00866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1972" data-file-height="2511" /></a><figcaption>Apsara (feitian), China, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei</a> dynasty, 500–550 AD</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apsaras are often depicted in East Asian Buddhist art.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are referred to as feitian (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">飞天</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">飛天</span>) in Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are depicted as flying figures in the mural paintings and sculptures of Buddhist cave sites in China such as in the <a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yulin_Caves" title="Yulin Caves">Yulin Caves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tianlongshan_Grottoes" title="Tianlongshan Grottoes">Tianlongshan grottoes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Yungang_Grottoes" title="Yungang Grottoes">Yungang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also depicted on tiles of <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a>, such as Xiuding-si pagoda.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They may also be depicted as dancers or musicians holding musical instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipa" title="Pipa">pipa</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sheng_(instrument)" title="Sheng (instrument)">sheng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apsara may be portrayed as multiple spirits who played music for Buddhas.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, they are depicted with a long skirt fluttering in the wind.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apsara is sometimes portrayed as a single powerful and influential spirit<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">god</a> who wears an outfit with "flowing sleeves" and lives in <i><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></i>. This version of Apsara is used in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> as an object of worship and in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folklore" title="Chinese folklore">Chinese folklore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apsaras dance taken from the 12th-century Bayon temple at Angkor in Cambodia"><img alt="Apsaras dance taken from the 12th-century Bayon temple at Angkor in Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg/120px-Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg/180px-Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg/240px-Fronton_Guimet_240907_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apsaras dance taken from the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Bayon" title="Bayon">Bayon</a> temple at <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a> in Cambodia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apsaras are depicted on the base of the Tra Kieu Pedestal, a work of 10th-century Cham art."><img alt="Apsaras are depicted on the base of the Tra Kieu Pedestal, a work of 10th-century Cham art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg/120px-Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg/180px-Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg/240px-Apsara_Gandharva_Dancer_Pedestal_Tra_Kieu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apsaras are depicted on the base of the Tra Kieu Pedestal, a work of 10th-century Cham art.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apsara from Yulin Caves near Dunhuang, China"><img alt="Apsara from Yulin Caves near Dunhuang, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg/120px-File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg/180px-File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg/240px-File-Apsara_playing_a_Chinese_flute_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apsara from <a href="/wiki/Yulin_Caves" title="Yulin Caves">Yulin Caves</a> near Dunhuang, China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apsara playing a Phoenix-headed konghou – Yulin Cave 15"><img alt="Apsara playing a Phoenix-headed konghou – Yulin Cave 15" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg/84px-Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg/126px-Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg/168px-Apsara_playing_a_Phoenix-headed_konghou_-_Yulin_Cave_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apsara playing a Phoenix-headed <a href="/wiki/Konghou" title="Konghou">konghou</a> – Yulin Cave 15</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apsara Surasundari in Borobudur"><img alt="Apsara Surasundari in Borobudur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg/69px-Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg/103px-Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg/138px-Tara_Borobudur_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="3444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apsara <a href="/wiki/Surasundari" title="Surasundari">Surasundari</a> in <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting of Apsara at Sigiriya, Sri Lanka"><img alt="Painting of Apsara at Sigiriya, Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg/120px-Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg/180px-Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg/240px-Sigiriya_ladies_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting of Apsara at <a href="/wiki/Sigiriya" title="Sigiriya">Sigiriya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apsara_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khmer Apsara dancer"><img alt="Khmer Apsara dancer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Apsara_dance.jpg/80px-Apsara_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Apsara_dance.jpg/120px-Apsara_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Apsara_dance.jpg/160px-Apsara_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Khmer Apsara dancer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khmer apsara dancers"><img alt="Khmer apsara dancers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg/120px-Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg/180px-Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg/240px-Khmer_apsara_dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Khmer apsara dancers</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">Diwata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Cambodia">Architecture of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Champa" title="Art of Champa">Art of Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">Chinese gods and immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakini" title="Dakini">Dakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_dance" title="Dunhuang dance">Dunhuang dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharva</a> - Celestial male companions of the <i>apsaras</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Houri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri">Peri</a>, winged female creatures of <a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusalka" title="Rusalka">Rusalka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_maiden" title="Swan maiden">Swan maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennin" title="Tennin">Tennin</a>, a Japanese development of Indian <i>apsaras</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyrie</a> from <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Xian (Taoism)</a>, similar celestial beings of Chinese mythology.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suryakant Tripathi Nirala. (2024). <i>अप्सरा [Apsara (In English)]</i>. New Delhi, India: Vani Prakashan. 172 pp. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-935-7-75687-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-935-7-75687-7">978-935-7-75687-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yashpal. (2009). <i>अप्सरा का शाप [Apsara ka shrap (Curse of Nymph) (in English)]</i>. (Reprint of 1931). New Delhi, India: Rajkamal Prakashan. 171 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-818-0-31382-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-818-0-31382-0">978-818-0-31382-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Oriental Society. (1849). "Memoir on The History of Buddhism, read before the Society May 24, 1844, by <a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Salisbury" title="Edward E. Salisbury">Edward E. Salisbury</a>, Professor in Yale College", in <i>JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY VOL. I</i>. Boston, MA: The American Oriental Society. p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, A. et al. (2010). "apsara", in <i>Oxford Dictionary of English</i>. (3rd Ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2,069 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-019-9-57112-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-019-9-57112-3">978-019-9-57112-3</a> cited in Bowker, J. (2000). <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions</i>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2016" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Jasmeet (22 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenculturaltravel.com/everything-you-must-know-about-apsara-traditional-dance/">"Everything You Must Know About the Apsara Traditional Dance – Green Cultural Travel"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everything+You+Must+Know+About+the+Apsara+Traditional+Dance+%E2%80%93+Green+Cultural+Travel&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jasmeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenculturaltravel.com%2Feverything-you-must-know-about-apsara-traditional-dance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higham, C.. (2014). <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations</i>. N.Y., United States: Facts On File, Inc. p. 24. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-143-8-10996-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-143-8-10996-1">978-143-8-10996-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thakur P., Kalidasa, and Arthur W. Ryder. (2012). "GLOSSARAY: Apsara", in <i>ABHIJNANSAKUNTALAM (The Recognition of Sakuntala--A Well-known Sanskrit Play by KALIDASA, The Greatest Poet and Dramatist in the Sanskrit Language.) (Improvised Edition): Originally Translated by Arthur W. Ryder</i>. N.C., United States: Lulu Press, Inc. 202 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-110-5-42805-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-110-5-42805-0">978-110-5-42805-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madhumita Dutta and Soumya Narayan Datta. (2021). "The Mythology of the Apsara Urvasie and its modern interpretation by Arundhuti Bhadra", in <i>URVASIE From Mythological To Postmodern Reflections</i>. 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Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/68">68</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+through+the+ages&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Publication+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=Madan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findiathroughages00mada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Apsaras"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Apsaras">"Apsaras" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apsaras&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=231&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier-WilliamsLeumannCappeller1899" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams, Monier, Sir</a>; Leumann, Ernst; Cappeller, Carl (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zUezTfym7CAC&q=apsara">"apsara"</a>. <i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages</i>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-3105-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-3105-6"><bdi>978-81-208-3105-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=apsara&rft.btitle=A+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary%3A+Etymologically+and+philologically+arranged+with+special+reference+to+cognate+Indo-European+languages&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishing+House&rft.date=1899&rft.isbn=978-81-208-3105-6&rft.aulast=Monier-Williams&rft.aufirst=Monier%2C+Sir&rft.au=Leumann%2C+Ernst&rft.au=Cappeller%2C+Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzUezTfym7CAC%26q%3Dapsara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefon2009" class="citation web cs1">Stefon, Matt (20 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/apsara">"apsara"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=apsara&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2009-10-20&rft.aulast=Stefon&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fapsara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rig Veda</i>, Book X, Hymn 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Simona (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.equinoxpub.com/ROSA/article/view/20975">"The Indian Hair-Wringing Apsaras and her Discriminating Goose: Meanings and Migrations"</a>. <i>Religions of South Asia</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 156–157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Frosa.20975">10.1558/rosa.20975</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-2697">1751-2697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religions+of+South+Asia&rft.atitle=The+Indian+Hair-Wringing+Apsaras+and+her+Discriminating+Goose%3A+Meanings+and+Migrations&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=156-157&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Frosa.20975&rft.issn=1751-2697&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Simona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.equinoxpub.com%2FROSA%2Farticle%2Fview%2F20975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Simona (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.equinoxpub.com/ROSA/article/view/20975">"The Indian Hair-Wringing Apsaras and her Discriminating Goose: Meanings and Migrations"</a>. <i>Religions of South Asia</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Frosa.20975">10.1558/rosa.20975</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-2697">1751-2697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religions+of+South+Asia&rft.atitle=The+Indian+Hair-Wringing+Apsaras+and+her+Discriminating+Goose%3A+Meanings+and+Migrations&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Frosa.20975&rft.issn=1751-2697&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Simona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.equinoxpub.com%2FROSA%2Farticle%2Fview%2F20975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mahabharata</i>, Book III: <i>Vana Parva</i>, Section 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mahabharata</i>, Book I: <i>Adi Parva</i>, Section 71-72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2008" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Michael (2008). <i>The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing</i> (8th ed.). 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(2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1176321935"><i>Collection of ancient Chinese cultural relics. Volume 5, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties : 581-960</i></a>. Translated by Guozhen Wang. Hindmarsh, SA. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925371-44-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925371-44-4"><bdi>978-1-925371-44-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1176321935">1176321935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collection+of+ancient+Chinese+cultural+relics.+Volume+5%2C+Sui%2C+Tang+and+Five+Dynasties+%3A+581-960&rft.place=Hindmarsh%2C+SA&rft.pages=223&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1176321935&rft.isbn=978-1-925371-44-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1176321935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/bud/5imglshi.htm">"Other Divinities"</a>. <i>depts.washington.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=depts.washington.edu&rft.atitle=Other+Divinities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fchinaciv%2Fbud%2F5imglshi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/henan/longmen/2015-10/14/content_22186850.htm">"Feitian – flying Apsaras in Longmen Grottoes[1]"</a>. <i>www.chinadaily.com.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=Feitian+%E2%80%93+flying+Apsaras+in+Longmen+Grottoes%5B1%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fm%2Fhenan%2Flongmen%2F2015-10%2F14%2Fcontent_22186850.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApsara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marchal, Sappho. <i>Khmer Costumes and Ornaments of the Devatas of Angkor Wat</i>. First English edition. Orchid Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-974-524-057-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-974-524-057-5">978-974-524-057-5</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/index.htm">Rig Veda</a> in the English translation prepared by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_T._H._Griffith" title="Ralph T. H. Griffith">Ralph T. H. Griffith</a> is available online at sacred-texts.com.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/maha/index.htm">Mahabharata</a> in the English translation prepared by Kisari Mohan Ganguli is available online at sacred-texts.com.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theangkorguide.com">The Monuments of the Angkor Group</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Glaize" title="Maurice Glaize">Maurice Glaize</a> is available online in English translation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsara&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Apsara" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Apsara">Apsara</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/dunhuang-caves-apsara.html">Chinese Apsaras depicted in Dunhuang Caves</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042339/http://angkorguide.net/mythology/devataapsara.html">Comparison of Khmer Apsaras and Devata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705230020/http://www.devata.org/2009/02/review-costumes-and-ornaments-after-the-devata-of-angkor-wat-by-sappho-marchal/">Costumes and Ornaments after the Devata of Angkor Wat by Sappho Marchal</a> - Book review</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100510015351/http://www.devata.org/2009/10/rajarani-temple-indian-devata-of-orissa/">Indian Devata at Rajarani Temple in Orissa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karyoubinga.html">Japanese traditions of celestial maidens</a> <i>Tennin</i> (apsara), <i>Hiten</i> (flying apsara), <i>Tennyo</i> (celestial maiden) & <i>Karyobinga</i> (bird body with angel head)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWa5oaMW8ic&context=C494995dADvjVQa1PpcFOkK6qSHXUvfDXQGbrG_YYPQJW0OiO2a-A=">Apsara Dance at Siem Reap, Cambodia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kD_5g7F8Qs0">Sanghyang Dedari</a>, Balinese dance depicting bidadari (vidhyadari) celestial maiden</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/50px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/75px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaya" title="Chhaya">Chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani" title="Indrani">Shachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_texts" title="Category:Hindu texts">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/21px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/42px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fairies_in_folklore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F2C1D1;;background: #F2C1D1;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fairies" title="Template:Fairies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fairies" title="Template talk:Fairies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fairies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fairies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fairies_in_folklore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Fairies</a> in folklore</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F2C1D1;"><div><a href="/wiki/Classifications_of_fairies" title="Classifications of fairies">Classifications of fairies</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2C1D1;;width:1%;background: #F2C1D1;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfheimr" title="Álfheimr">Álfheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_sacred_trees" title="Celtic sacred trees">Celtic sacred trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeling" title="Changeling">Changeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfshot" title="Elfshot">Elfshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy-lock" title="Fairy-lock">Fairy-lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_riding" title="Fairy riding">Fairy riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fairy_tales" title="List of fairy tales">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Tale_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy Tale (color)">Fairy Tale (color)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_loci" title="Genius loci">Genius loci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_deity" title="Household deity">Household deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_grass" title="Hungry grass">Hungry grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature spirit">Nature spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">Tutelary deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_spirit" title="Water spirit">Water spirit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2C1D1;;width:1%;background: #F2C1D1;">Abodes and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_fort" title="Fairy fort">Fairy fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairyland" title="Fairyland">Fairyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_path" title="Fairy path">Fairy path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_ring" title="Fairy ring">Fairy ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FADBEB;;background: #F8D2E2;"><div id="Attested_fairies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Attested fairies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">A–E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhene" title="Adhene">Adhene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aibell" title="Aibell">Aibell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alp-luachra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alp-luachra">Alp Luachra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjana_(Cantabrian_mythology)" title="Anjana (Cantabrian mythology)">Anjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkan_Sonney" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkan Sonney">Arkan Sonney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asrai" title="Asrai">Asrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baobhan_sith" title="Baobhan sith">Baobhan sith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshee" title="Banshee">Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barghest" title="Barghest">Barghest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_nighe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bean nighe">Bean nighe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Blind" title="Billy Blind">Billy Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir%C3%B3g" title="Biróg">Biróg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Bones" title="Bloody Bones">Bloody Bones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluecap" title="Bluecap">Bluecap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_men_of_the_Minch" title="Blue men of the Minch">Blue men of the Minch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodach" title="Bodach">Bodach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boggart" title="Boggart">Boggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogle" title="Bogle">Bogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boobrie" title="Boobrie">Boobrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brag_(folklore)" title="Brag (folklore)">Brag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_(folklore)" title="Brownie (folklore)">Brownie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Man_of_the_Muirs" title="Brown Man of the Muirs">Brown Man of the Muirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucca_(mythological_creature)" title="Bucca (mythological creature)">Bucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buggane" title="Buggane">Buggane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugbear" title="Bugbear">Bugbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugul_Noz" title="Bugul Noz">Bugul Noz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caoineag" title="Caoineag">Caoineag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_s%C3%ACth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat sìth">Cat sìth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B9_S%C3%ACth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cù Sìth">Cù Sìth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceffyl_D%C5%B5r" title="Ceffyl Dŵr">Ceffyl Dŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADodhna" title="Clíodhna">Clíodhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clurichaun" title="Clurichaun">Clurichaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coblynau" class="mw-redirect" title="Coblynau">Coblynau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_pixie" title="Colt pixie">Colt pixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhyraeth" title="Cyhyraeth">Cyhyraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drude" title="Drude">Drude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duende_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duende (mythology)">Duende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonside_Dwarfs" title="Simonside Dwarfs">Duergar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dullahan" title="Dullahan">Dullahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunnie" title="Dunnie">Dunnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Each-uisge" title="Each-uisge">Each-uisge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alp_(folklore)" title="Alp (folklore)">Alp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegast" title="Elegast">Elegast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlking" title="Erlking">Erlking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulduf%C3%B3lk" title="Huldufólk">Huldufólk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Elphame" title="Queen of Elphame">Queen of Elphame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Svartálfar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">F–L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fachan" title="Fachan">Fachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Queen" title="Fairy Queen">Fairy Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_darrig" title="Far darrig">Fear dearg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_gorta" title="Fear gorta">Fear gorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenodyree" title="Fenodyree">Fenodyree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finfolk" title="Finfolk">Finfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finvarra" title="Finvarra">Finvarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuath" title="Fuath">Fuath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gancanagh" title="Gancanagh">Gancanagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillie_Dhu" title="Ghillie Dhu">Ghillie Dhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaistig" title="Glaistig">Glaistig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glashtyn" title="Glashtyn">Glashtyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groac%27h" title="Groac'h">Groac'h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindylow" title="Grindylow">Grindylow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwragedd_Annwn" title="Gwragedd Annwn">Gwragedd Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyllion" title="Gwyllion">Gwyllion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_ap_Nudd" title="Gwyn ap Nudd">Gwyn ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habetrot" title="Habetrot">Habetrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag" title="Hag">Hag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haltija" title="Haltija">Haltija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hedley_Kow" title="The Hedley Kow">The Hedley Kow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinzelm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Heinzelmännchen">Heinzelmännchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinzelmann" title="Hinzelmann">Hinzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hob_(folklore)" title="Hob (folklore)">Hob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbididance" title="Hobbididance">Hobbididance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin" title="Hobgoblin">Hobgoblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6dekin" title="Hödekin">Hödekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iannic-ann-%C3%B4d" title="Iannic-ann-ôd">Iannic-ann-ôd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack-o%27-lantern" title="Jack-o'-lantern">Jack-o'-lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_o%27_the_bowl" title="Jack o' the bowl">Jack o' the bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Greenteeth" title="Jenny Greenteeth">Jenny Greenteeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Wad" title="Joan the Wad">Joan the Wad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint-eater" title="Joint-eater">Joint-eater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelpie" title="Kelpie">Kelpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmoulis" title="Kilmoulis">Kilmoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocker_(folklore)" title="Knocker (folklore)">Knocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knucker" title="Knucker">Knucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korrigan" title="Korrigan">Korrigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_Laurence" title="Lazy Laurence">Lazy Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanan_s%C3%ADdhe" title="Leanan sídhe">Leanan sídhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubber_fiend" title="Lubber fiend">Lubber fiend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutin" title="Lutin">Lutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ly_Erg" title="Ly Erg">Ly Erg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">M–Z</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mare_(folklore)" title="Mare (folklore)">Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_the_fairy" title="Margot the fairy">Margot the fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggy_Moulach" title="Maggy Moulach">Meg Mullach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melusine" title="Melusine">Melusine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrow" title="Merrow">Merrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooinjer_veggey" title="Mooinjer veggey">Mooinjer veggey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgen_(mythological_creature)" title="Morgen (mythological creature)">Morgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvarc%27h" title="Morvarc'h">Morvarc'h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_people" title="Moss people">Moss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nain_Rouge" title="Nain Rouge">Nain Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Longarms" title="Nelly Longarms">Nelly Longarms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicnevin" title="Nicnevin">Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixie_(folklore)" title="Nixie (folklore)">Nixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuckelavee" title="Nuckelavee">Nuckelavee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuggle" title="Nuggle">Nuggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon" title="Oberon">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg_Powler" title="Peg Powler">Peg Powler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillywiggin" title="Pillywiggin">Pillywiggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie" title="Pixie">Pixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAca" title="Púca">Púca/Pwca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puck_(folklore)" title="Puck (folklore)">Puck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5" title="Rå">Rå</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergsr%C3%A5" title="Bergsrå">Bergsrå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulder" title="Hulder">Hulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radande" class="mw-redirect" title="Radande">Radande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6r%C3%A5" title="Sjörå">Sjörå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skogsr%C3%A5" title="Skogsrå">Skogsrå</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcap" title="Redcap">Redcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schrat" title="Schrat">Schrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkie" title="Selkie">Selkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seonaidh" title="Seonaidh">Seonaidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellycoat" title="Shellycoat">Shellycoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleih_beggey" title="Sleih beggey">Sleih beggey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sluagh" title="Sluagh">Sluagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spriggan" title="Spriggan">Spriggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprite_(folklore)" title="Sprite (folklore)">Sprite/Water sprite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylph" title="Sylph">Sylph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomte">Tomte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_fairy" title="Tooth fairy">Tooth fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trow_(folklore)" title="Trow (folklore)">Trow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylwyth_Teg" title="Tylwyth Teg">Tylwyth Teg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undine" title="Undine">Undine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bull" title="Water bull">Water bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_horse" title="Water horse">Water horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_fairy_(Sleeping_Beauty)" title="Wicked fairy (Sleeping Beauty)">Wicked fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wight" title="Wight">Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will-o%27-the-wisp" title="Will-o'-the-wisp">Will-o'-the-wisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirry-cow" title="Wirry-cow">Wirry-cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xana" title="Xana">Xana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yallery_Brown" title="Yallery Brown">Yallery Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan-gant-y-tan" title="Yan-gant-y-tan">Yan-gant-y-tan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FADBEB;;background: #F8D2E2;"><div id="Fairy-like_beings_worldwide" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fairy-like beings worldwide</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">Bogeyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crone" title="Crone">Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanoid" title="Humanoid">Humanoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubus" title="Incubus">Incubus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Succubus" title="Succubus">Succubus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_people_(mythology)" title="Little people (mythology)">Little people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merfolk" title="Merfolk">Merfolk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merman" title="Merman">Merman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Abatwa">Abatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanbosam" class="mw-redirect" title="Asanbosam">Asanbosam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziza_(African_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziza (African mythology)">Aziza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werehyena" title="Werehyena">Bultungin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloko" title="Eloko">Eloko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jengu" title="Jengu">Jengu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishi_(folklore)" title="Kishi (folklore)">Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_Wata" title="Mami Wata">Mami Wata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obayifo" title="Obayifo">Obayifo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rompo" title="Rompo">Rompo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi">Simbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikoloshe" title="Tikoloshe">Tikoloshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumboes" title="Yumboes">Yumboes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alux" title="Alux">Alux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchimayen" title="Anchimayen">Anchimayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caipora" title="Caipora">Caipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canotila" title="Canotila">Canotila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaneque" title="Chaneque">Chaneque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Christmas elf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curupira" title="Curupira">Curupira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encantado_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Encantado (mythology)">Encantado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearsome_critters" title="Fearsome critters">Fearsome critters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_alien" title="Grey alien">Grey alien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly%E2%80%93Hopkinsville_encounter" title="Kelly–Hopkinsville encounter">Hopkinsville Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_people_(mythology)#Native_American_folklore" title="Little people (mythology)">Ishigaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogah" title="Jogah">Jogah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muki_(mythology)" title="Muki (mythology)">Muki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimerigar" title="Nimerigar">Nimerigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_alien" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic alien">Nordic alien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BB%C3%B1n%C3%AB%27h%C3%AF" title="Nûñnë'hï">Nûñnë'hï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pombero" title="Pombero">Pombero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukwudgie" title="Pukwudgie">Pukwudgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saci_(Brazilian_folklore)" title="Saci (Brazilian folklore)">Saci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauco" title="Trauco">Trauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_people_(mythology)#Native_American_folklore" title="Little people (mythology)">Yunwi Tsunsdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">Diwata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokkaebi" title="Dokkaebi">Dokkaebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">Fallen angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_spirit" title="Fox spirit">Fox spirit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_ly_tinh" title="Hồ ly tinh">Hồ ly tinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huli_jing" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli jing">Huli jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huxian" title="Huxian">Huxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami" title="Inari Ōkami">Inari Ōkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsune" title="Kitsune">Kitsune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumiho" title="Kumiho">Kumiho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irshi" title="Irshi">Irshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kijimuna" title="Kijimuna">Kijimuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korpokkur" title="Korpokkur">Korpokkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazzikin" title="Mazzikin">Mazzikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogwai_(Chinese_culture)" title="Mogwai (Chinese culture)">Mogwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrenh_kongveal" title="Mrenh kongveal">Mrenh kongveal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_bunian" title="Orang bunian">Orang bunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri">Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Preta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_ghost" title="Hungry ghost">Hungry ghost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennin" title="Tennin">Tennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yaksha</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsei" title="Yōsei">Yōsei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zashiki-warashi" title="Zashiki-warashi">Zashiki warashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunyip" title="Bunyip">Bunyip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaia_(mythological_creature)" title="Manaia (mythological creature)">Manaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_(folklore)" title="Mimi (folklore)">Mimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muldjewangk" title="Muldjewangk">Muldjewangk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawao" title="Nawao">Nawao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patupaiarehe" title="Patupaiarehe">Patupaiarehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taniwha" title="Taniwha">Taniwha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipua" title="Tipua">Tipua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandjina" title="Wandjina">Wandjina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yara-ma-yha-who" title="Yara-ma-yha-who">Yara-ma-yha-who</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bannik" title="Bannik">Bannik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83pc%C4%83un" title="Căpcăun">Căpcăun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domovoy" title="Domovoy">Domovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iele" title="Iele">Iele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karze%C5%82ek" title="Karzełek">Karzełek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikimora" title="Kikimora">Kikimora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshy" title="Leshy">Leshy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid%C3%A9rc" title="Lidérc">Lidérc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likho" title="Likho">Likho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovinnik" title="Ovinnik">Ovinnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polevik" title="Polevik">Polevik</a></li> <li>Psotnik</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusalka" title="Rusalka">Rusalka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nzian%C4%83" title="Sânziană">Sânziană</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiridu%C8%99" title="Spiriduș">Spiriduș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursitory" title="Ursitory">Ursitory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadleany" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadleany">Vadleany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2lv%C4%83" title="Vâlvă">Vâlvă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2ntoase" title="Vântoase">Vântoase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodyanoy" title="Vodyanoy">Vodyanoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Zână">Zână</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitvaras" title="Aitvaras">Aitvaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajatar" title="Ajatar">Ajatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badb" title="Badb">Badb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_dog_(folklore)" title="Black dog (folklore)">Black dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabija" title="Gabija">Gabija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin" title="Gremlin">Gremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haltija" title="Haltija">Haltija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headless_Horseman" title="Headless Horseman">Headless Horseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiisi" title="Hiisi">Hiisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Squarefoot" title="Jimmy Squarefoot">Jimmy Squarefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauma" title="Lauma">Lauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennink%C3%A4inen" title="Menninkäinen">Menninkäinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Le_Fay" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Le Fay">Morgan Le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_Beast" title="Pictish Beast">Pictish Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basajaun" title="Basajaun">Basajaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donas_de_fuera" class="mw-redirect" title="Donas de fuera">Doñas de fuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfadet" title="Farfadet">Farfadet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">Faun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobalos" title="Kobalos">Kobalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia_(Basque_mythology)" title="Lamia (Basque mythology)">Lamina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairu" title="Mairu">Mairu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouros" title="Mouros">Mouro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Moura" title="Enchanted Moura">Enchanted Moura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nymph#List" title="Nymph">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squasc" title="Squasc">Squasc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiasus" title="Thiasus">Thiasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenti" title="Trenti">Trenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_(fairy)" title="Vila (fairy)">Vila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dames_blanches" title="Dames blanches">Dames blanches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusios" title="Dusios">Dusios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp" title="Imp">Imp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorelei#Original_folklore_and_modern_myth" title="Lorelei">Lorelei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venusberg_(mythology)" title="Venusberg (mythology)">Venus in German legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittra_(folklore)" title="Vittra (folklore)">Vittra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witte_Wieven" title="Witte Wieven">Witte Wieven</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Frauen" title="Weiße Frauen">Weiße Frauen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">Cross-regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer">Christmas gift-bringer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental" title="Elemental">Elemental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fates" title="Fates">Fates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblin" title="Goblin">Goblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">Gnome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_salamanders" title="Cultural depictions of salamanders">Salamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandman" title="Sandman">Sandman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FADBEB;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_creatures_in_folklore" title="List of hybrid creatures in folklore">List of hybrid creatures in folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beings_referred_to_as_fairies" title="List of beings referred to as fairies">List of beings referred to as fairies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F2C1D1;"><div> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fairies" title="Category:Fairies">Category</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swan_maiden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swan_Maiden" title="Template:Swan Maiden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Swan_Maiden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Swan Maiden (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swan_Maiden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swan Maiden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swan_maiden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swan_maiden" title="Swan maiden">Swan maiden</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main article</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swan_maiden" title="Swan maiden">Swan maiden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supernatural<br />women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apsara</a> (India) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urvashi" title="Urvashi">Urvashi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennin" title="Tennin">Tennin</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuru_no_Ongaeshi" title="Tsuru no Ongaeshi">The Crane Wife</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Princess" title="Peacock Princess">Peacock Princess</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai people</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri">Peri</a> (Persia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_(fairy)" title="Vila (fairy)">Vila</a> (East Slavic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samodiva_(folklore)" title="Samodiva (folklore)">Samodiva</a> (South Slavic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povitrulya" title="Povitrulya">Povitrulya</a> (Transcarpathian Ukrainian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereids#In_modern_folklore" title="Nereids">Neraida</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyrie</a> (Germanic) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lundarkvi%C3%B0a" title="Völundarkviða">Völundarkviða</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunhild" title="Brunhild">Brunhild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1ra" title="Kára">Kára</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkie" title="Selkie">Selkie</a> (Norse and Celtic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goose_Wife_(Inuit)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Goose Wife (Inuit)">The Goose Wife</a> (Inuit)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tale types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 313</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Tsar_and_Vasilisa_the_Wise" title="The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise">The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kojata" title="King Kojata">King Kojata</a> (Slavic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Man_of_Knowledge" title="The Green Man of Knowledge">The Green Man of Knowledge</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_Who_Wanted_to_See_the_World" title="The Prince Who Wanted to See the World">The Prince Who Wanted to See the World</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Featherflight" title="Lady Featherflight">Lady Featherflight</a> (North America)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 400</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cowherd_and_the_Weaver_Girl" title="The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl">The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Yong_and_the_Seventh_Fairy" title="Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy">Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanabata" title="Tanabata">Tanabata</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilseok" title="Chilseok">Chilseok</a> (Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohara" title="Manohara">Manohara</a> (Southeast Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_of_Basra" title="Hassan of Basra">Hassan of Basra</a> (Arabic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Swan_Queen" title="The Swan Queen">The Swan Queen</a> (Lithuania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Peahens_and_the_Golden_Apples" title="The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples">The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples</a> (Serbia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_Palace_East_of_the_Sun_and_North_of_the_Earth" title="The Beautiful Palace East of the Sun and North of the Earth">The Beautiful Palace East of the Sun and North of the Earth</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_Lena_(Danish_fairy_tale)" title="Maid Lena (Danish fairy tale)">Maid Lena</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heavenly_Maiden_and_the_Woodcutter" title="The Heavenly Maiden and the Woodcutter">The Heavenly Maiden and the Woodcutter</a> (Korea)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 465</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_I_Know_Not_Whither_and_Fetch_I_Know_Not_What" title="Go I Know Not Whither and Fetch I Know Not What">Go I Know Not Whither and Fetch I Know Not What</a> (Russia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagoromo_(play)" title="Hagoromo (play)">Hagoromo</a> (Noh play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Ireland%27s_Son" title="The King of Ireland's Son">The King of Ireland's Son</a> (fantasy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a> (ballet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Tsar_Saltan" title="The Tale of Tsar Saltan">The Tale of Tsar Saltan</a> (poem)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Notes:</b> "Tale types" refer to narratives of the international <a href="/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson%E2%80%93Uther_Index" title="Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index">Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index</a> where the swan maiden (or other type of bird) appears.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoginis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoginis" title="Template:Yoginis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoginis" title="Template talk:Yoginis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoginis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoginis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoginis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yoginis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairavi" title="Bhairavi">Bhairavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakini" title="Dakini">Dakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayogini" title="Vajrayogini">Vajrayogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAMA_Yogini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/SAMA_Yogini.jpg/40px-SAMA_Yogini.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/SAMA_Yogini.jpg/60px-SAMA_Yogini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/SAMA_Yogini.jpg/80px-SAMA_Yogini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yogini_temples" title="Yogini temples">Yogini temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gadarmal_Devi_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadarmal Devi temple">Badoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Yogini_Temple,_Bhedaghat" title="Chausath Yogini Temple, Bhedaghat">Bhedaghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Yogini_Temple,_Hirapur" title="Chausath Yogini Temple, Hirapur">Hirapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Yogini_Temple,_Ranipur_Jharial" title="Chausath Yogini Temple, Ranipur Jharial">Ranipur Jharial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Yogini_temple,_Khajuraho" class="mw-redirect" title="Chausath Yogini temple, Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Yogini_Temple,_Mitaoli" title="Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli">Mitaoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithuna" title="Maithuna">Maithuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Women in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" 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style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_Buddhist_Pantheon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese Buddhist Pantheon"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon" title="Japanese Buddhist pantheon"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Japanese Buddhist pantheon</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhas">Buddhas</a><br />如来部 (Nyorai-bu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Śākyamuni (Shaka Nyorai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha (Amida Nyorai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaisajyaguru" title="Bhaisajyaguru">Bhaiṣajyaguru (Yakushi Nyorai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairocana" title="Vairocana">Vairocana (Dainichi Nyorai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Tath%C4%81gatas" title="Five Tathāgatas">Five Wisdom Buddhas (Godai Nyorai)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg/150px-Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg/225px-Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg/300px-Daibutsu_of_Todaiji_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a><br />菩薩部 (Bosatsu-bu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya (Miroku)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara (Kannon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra (Fugen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī (Monju)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81pratisar%C4%81" title="Mahāpratisarā">Mahāpratisarā (Daizuigu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha (Jizō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha (Kokūzō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta (Seishi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasattva" title="Vajrasattva">Vajrasattva (Kongōsatta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrap%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Vajrapāramitā">Vajrapāramitā (Kongō-Haramitsu)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_King" title="Wisdom King">Wisdom Kings</a><br />明王部 (Myōō-bu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Wisdom_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Wisdom Kings">Five Wisdom Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acala" title="Acala">Acala (Fudō-Myōō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81gar%C4%81ja" title="Rāgarāja">Rāgarāja (Aizen-Myōō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucchusma" title="Ucchusma">Ucchuṣma (Ususama-Myōō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva_(Buddhism)" title="Hayagriva (Buddhism)">Hayagrīva (Batō-Myōō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamayuri" title="Mahamayuri">Mahāmāyūrī (Kujaku-Myoō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamantaka" title="Yamantaka">Yamāntaka (Daiitoku-Myoō)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Heavenly deities</a><br />天部 (Ten-bu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Heavenly_Kings" title="Four Heavenly Kings">Four Heavenly Kings (Shitennō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Legions" title="Eight Legions">Eight Legions (Hachi-Bushū)</a></li> <li>Twelve Devas (Jūni-ten)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Heavenly_Generals" title="Twelve Heavenly Generals">Twelve Heavenly Generals (Jūni Shinshō)</a></li> <li>Twenty-Eight Legions (Nijūhachi-Bushū)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzaiten" title="Benzaiten">Sarasvatī (Benzaiten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Brava%E1%B9%87a" title="Vaiśravaṇa">Vaiśravaṇa (Bishamonten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aakra_(Buddhism)" title="Śakra (Buddhism)">Śakra (Taishakuten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā (Bonten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_in_Buddhism" title="Shiva in Buddhism">Maheśvara (Daijizaiten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikokuten" title="Daikokuten">Mahākāla (Daikokuten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakini" title="Dakini">Ḍākinī (Dakiniten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama_(Buddhism)" title="Yama (Buddhism)">Yama (Enma-Daiō)</a></li> <li>Gigeiten</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda (Idaten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishana" title="Ishana">Īśāna (Ishanaten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi" title="Prithvi">Pṛthvī (Jiten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangiten" title="Kangiten">Gaṇapati (Kankiten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariti" title="Hariti">Hārītī (Kishimojin)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apsara (Hiten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalavi%E1%B9%85ka" title="Kalaviṅka">Kalaviṅka (Karyōbinga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissh%C5%8Dten" title="Kisshōten">Lakṣmī (Kisshōten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marici_(Buddhism)" title="Marici (Buddhism)">Mārīcī (Marishiten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nio_(Buddhism)" title="Nio (Buddhism)">Vajrapāṇi (Niō)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Circumstantial appearances</a><br />垂迹身部 (Suijakushin-bu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Akiha Gongen</li> <li>Ishizuchi Daigongen</li> <li>Ochi Daigongen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Gongen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumano Gongen">Kumano Gongen</a></li> <li>Sanki Daigongen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%C5%8D_Gongen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaō Gongen">Zaō Gongen</a></li> <li>Suzuka Gongen</li> <li>Seiryū Gongen</li> <li>Tateyama Gongen</li> <li>Chimyō Gongen</li> <li>Nezu Gongen</li> <li>Hakusan Gongen</li> <li>Haguro Gongen</li> <li>Hachiōji Gongen</li> <li>Hiryō Gongen</li> <li>Sannō Gongen</li> <li>Futara Gongen</li> <li>Yuga Daigongen</li> <li>Hikosan Gongen</li> <li>Shiromine Gongen</li> <li>Izuna Gongen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atago_Gongen" title="Atago Gongen">Atago Gongen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konpira_Gongen" title="Konpira Gongen">Konpira Daigongen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious masters<br />高僧・祖師部 (Kōsō・Soshi-bu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nāgārjuna (Ryūju)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu (Seshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABkai" title="Kūkai">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saich%C5%8D" title="Saichō">Saichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisai" title="Eisai">Eisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen Kigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genshin" title="Genshin">Genshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippen" title="Ippen">Ippen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Arhats" title="Sixteen Arhats">Sixteen Arhats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#afa3bf;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Zen</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Tendai</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Shingon</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Pure Land</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Shugendō</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Nichiren</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Japanese mythology</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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