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<li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_part" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_part"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Early part</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_part-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Importance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Importance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Importance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_an_economic_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_an_economic_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>As an economic engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_an_economic_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_New_York_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_New_York_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>In the New York economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_New_York_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versus_Midtown_Manhattan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versus_Midtown_Manhattan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Versus Midtown Manhattan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versus_Midtown_Manhattan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_New_Jersey_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_New_Jersey_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>In the New Jersey economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_New_Jersey_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competing_financial_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competing_financial_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Competing financial centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competing_financial_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_public_imagination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_public_imagination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In the public imagination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_public_imagination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_financial_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_financial_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>As a financial symbol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_financial_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personalities_associated_with_the_street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personalities_associated_with_the_street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Personalities associated with the street</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personalities_associated_with_the_street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wall Street</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="وول ستريت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وول ستريت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voll-Strit" title="Voll-Strit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Voll-Strit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="وال ایستریت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وال ایستریت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F" title="ওয়াল স্ট্রিট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়াল স্ট্রিট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Уол-стрыт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уол-стрыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Уол Стрийт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уол Стрийт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84" title="Γουόλ Στριτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουόλ Στριτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="وال استریت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وال استریت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall-ki%C3%AA" title="Wall-kiê – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wall-kiê" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EA%B0%80" title="월가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="월가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%AC_%D5%8D%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Ուոլ Սթրիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուոլ Սթրիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="वॉल स्ट्रीट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वॉल स्ट्रीट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98" title="וול סטריט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וול סטריט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C" title="ವಾಲ್‌ ಸ್ಟ್ರೀಟ್‌‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಲ್‌ ಸ್ಟ್ರೀಟ್‌‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="უოლ-სტრიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უოლ-სტრიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Уолл-стрит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уолл-стрит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volstr%C4%ABta" title="Volstrīta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volstrīta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volstritas" title="Volstritas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Volstritas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="უოლ სტრიტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უოლ სტრიტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_G%C4%83%CC%A4" title="Wall Gă̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Wall Gă̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Уолл Стрит – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уолл Стрит" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဝေါလ်လမ်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝေါလ်လမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%A1%97" title="ウォール街 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォール街" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F" title="ਵਾਲ ਸਟਰੀਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਲ ਸਟਰੀਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="وال سٹریٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وال سٹریٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Уолл-стрит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уолл-стрит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%86%DA%B5_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="وۆڵ ستریت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وۆڵ ستریت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Вол стрит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вол стрит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="வால் ஸ்ட்ரீட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வால் ஸ்ட்ரீட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="วอลสตรีต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วอลสตรีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Уолл-стрит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уолл-стрит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82" title="Волл-стріт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волл-стріт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="وال اسٹریٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وال اسٹریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%91_Wall" title="Phố Wall – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phố Wall" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%97" title="華爾街 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="華爾街" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wall Street" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%97" title="华尔街 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="华尔街" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%97" title="華爾街 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="華爾街" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%97" title="华尔街 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="华尔街" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the street in Lower Manhattan. For the neighborhood commonly referred to as Wall Street, see <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District, Manhattan</a>. For the U.S. economy at large, for which "Wall Street" is commonly used as a metonym, see <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wall Street (disambiguation)">Wall Street (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org street-address">Wall Street</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg/255px-Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg/383px-Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg/510px-Photos_NewYork1_032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a> facade (right) as seen from Wall Street, April 2005. <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>, the former headquarters of financial firm <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Morgan & Co.">J. P. Morgan & Co.</a>, is visible at the far left.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl">Map</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Het Cingel</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">West end</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">East end</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South Street</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_Street_Sign_(1-9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wall_Street_Sign_%281-9%29.jpg/260px-Wall_Street_Sign_%281-9%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wall_Street_Sign_%281-9%29.jpg/390px-Wall_Street_Sign_%281-9%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wall_Street_Sign_%281-9%29.jpg/520px-Wall_Street_Sign_%281-9%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7018" data-file-height="4678" /></a><figcaption>Street sign</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size: 88%; white-space:nowrap; padding-left:3em;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> series</span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Exploration_ships_of_the_Dutch_Republic" title="Category:Exploration ships of the Dutch Republic">Exploration</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_New_Netherland" title="Fortifications of New Netherland">Fortifications</a>:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(North_River)" title="Fort Nassau (North River)">Fort Nassau (North)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Orange_(New_Netherland)" title="Fort Orange (New Netherland)">Fort Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(South_River)" title="Fort Nassau (South River)">Fort Nassau (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Good_Hope_(Connecticut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Good Hope (Connecticut)">Fort Goede Hoop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">De Wal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Casimir" title="Fort Casimir">Fort Casimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Christina" title="Fort Christina">Fort Altena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wilhelmus" title="Fort Wilhelmus">Fort Wilhelmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Beversreede" title="Fort Beversreede">Fort Beversreede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nya_Korsholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Nya Korsholm">Fort Nya Korsholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rondout" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rondout">De Rondout</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland_settlements" title="New Netherland settlements">Settlements</a>:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Noten Eylandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">Nieuw Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaerswyck" title="Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswijck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Harlem" title="History of Harlem">Nieuw Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverwijck" title="Beverwijck">Beverwijck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York#History" title="Kingston, New York">Wiltwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland" title="Bergen, New Netherland">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavonia,_New_Netherland" title="Pavonia, New Netherland">Pavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriessendael" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriessendael">Vriessendael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achter_Col" class="mw-redirect" title="Achter Col">Achter Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Vlissingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Staten_Island" title="Old Town, Staten Island">Oude Dorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colen_Donck" title="Colen Donck">Colen Donck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heemstede_(Nieuw-Nederland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heemstede (Nieuw-Nederland)">Heemstede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Rustdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brooklyn">Breuckelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Nieuw Amersfoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht,_Brooklyn" title="New Utrecht, Brooklyn">Nieuw Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Boswijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaanendael" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaanendael">Swaanendael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">Nieuw Amstel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Dorp,_Staten_Island" title="New Dorp, Staten Island">Nieuw Dorp</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Patroon" title="Patroon">The Patroon System</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Freedoms_and_Exemptions" title="Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions">Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jacobsen_May" title="Cornelius Jacobsen May">Cornelius Jacobsen May</a> <i>(1620–25)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Verhulst" title="Willem Verhulst">Willem Verhulst</a> <i>(1625–26)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit">Peter Minuit</a> <i>(1626–32)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiaen_Jansen_Krol" title="Sebastiaen Jansen Krol">Sebastiaen Jansen Krol</a> <i>(1632–33)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wouter_van_Twiller" title="Wouter van Twiller">Wouter van Twiller</a> <i>(1633–38)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Kieft" title="Willem Kieft">Willem Kieft</a> <i>(1638–47)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> <i>(1647–64)</i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_New_Netherland" title="Category:People from New Netherland">People of New Netherland</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherlander" title="New Netherlander">New Netherlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Men" title="Twelve Men">Twelve Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Men" title="Eight Men">Eight Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Men" title="Nine Men">Nine Men</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size: 110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance" title="Flushing Remonstrance">Flushing Remonstrance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black, circular seal with a notched, outer border. The center contains a shield or crest with a crown atop it. In the shield is a beaver. Surrounding the shield are the words "SIGILLVM NOVI BELGII"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg/75px-New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg/113px-New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg/150px-New_Netherlands_Seal_Vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Netherland" title="Template:New Netherland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Netherland" title="Template talk:New Netherland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Netherland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Netherland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wall Street</b> is a street in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It runs eight <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">city blocks</a> between <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> in the east. The term "Wall Street" has become a <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonym</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial markets</a> of the United States as a whole, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_the_United_States" title="Financial services in the United States">American financial services industry</a>, New York–based financial interests, or the Financial District. Anchored by Wall Street, New York has been described as the world's principal <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">fintech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WallStreetFintechlAndFinancialCapitalWorld_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WallStreetFintechlAndFinancialCapitalWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The street was originally known in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> as <i>Het Cingel</i> ("the Belt") when it was part of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> during the 17th century. An actual city wall existed on the street from 1653 to 1699. During the 18th century, the location served as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_market" title="Slave market">slave market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities trading site</a>, and from 1703 onward, the location of New York's city hall, which became <a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a>. In the early 19th century, both residences and businesses occupied the area, but increasingly the latter predominated, and New York's financial industry became centered on Wall Street. During the 20th century, several <a href="/wiki/Early_skyscrapers" title="Early skyscrapers">early skyscrapers</a> were built on Wall Street, including <a href="/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a>, once the world's tallest building. The street is near multiple <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">subway</a> stations and <a href="/wiki/Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">ferry terminals</a>. </p><p>The Wall Street area is home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">largest stock exchange</a> by total <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_New_York" title="Federal Reserve Bank of New York">Federal Reserve Bank of New York</a>, and commercial banks and insurance companies. Several other stock and <a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">commodity</a> exchanges have also been located in Lower Manhattan near Wall Street, including the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mercantile_Exchange" title="New York Mercantile Exchange">New York Mercantile Exchange</a> and other commodity futures exchanges, along with the <a href="/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American">NYSE American</a>. Many brokerage firms owned offices nearby to support the business they did on the exchanges. The economic impacts of Wall Street activities extend worldwide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_(City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland)_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/220px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/330px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/440px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>The original city map, called <i>the <a href="/wiki/Castello_Plan" title="Castello Plan">Castello Plan</a></i>, from 1660, showing the wall on the right side</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Block-House_and_City_Gate_(foot_of_present_Wall_Street)_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Block-House_and_City_Gate_%28foot_of_present_Wall_Street%29_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg/220px-Block-House_and_City_Gate_%28foot_of_present_Wall_Street%29_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Block-House_and_City_Gate_%28foot_of_present_Wall_Street%29_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg/330px-Block-House_and_City_Gate_%28foot_of_present_Wall_Street%29_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Block-House_and_City_Gate_%28foot_of_present_Wall_Street%29_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg/440px-Block-House_and_City_Gate_%28foot_of_present_Wall_Street%29_1674_New_Amsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption>Block-House and City Gate (foot of present Wall Street) 1674, New Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>In the original records of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, the Dutch always called the street <i>Het Cingel</i> ("the Belt"), which was also the name of the original outer barrier street, wall, and canal of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. After the English <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_New_Netherland" title="Conquest of New Netherland">conquest of New Netherland</a> in 1664, they renamed the settlement "New York" and in tax records from April 1665 (still in Dutch) they refer to the street as <i>Het Cingel ofte Stadt Wall</i> ("the Belt or the City Wall").<sup id="cite_ref-DORIS2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DORIS2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use of both names for the street also appears as late as 1691 on the Miller Plan of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-JS4oX_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JS4oX-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dongan,_2nd_Earl_of_Limerick" title="Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick">Thomas Dongan</a> may have issued the first official designation of Wall Street in 1686, the same year he issued a new charter for New York. Confusion over the origins of the name Wall Street appeared in modern times because in the 19th and early 20th century some historians mistakenly thought the Dutch had called it "de Waal Straat", which to Dutch ears sounds like <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloon</a> Street. However, in 17th century New Amsterdam, de Waal Straat (Wharf or Dock Street) was a section of what is today's <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Pearl Street (Manhattan)">Pearl Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DORIS2017_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DORIS2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG/220px-Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG/330px-Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG/440px-Wall_Street_IRT_008c.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>New Amsterdam's wall depicted on tiles in the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Subway_Station_(IRT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Subway Station (IRT)">Wall Street subway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The original wall was constructed under orders from Director General of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>, at the start of the first <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">Anglo-Dutch war</a> soon after New Amsterdam was incorporated in 1653.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fearing an over land invasion of English troops from the colonies in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> (at the time <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> was easily accessible by land because the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Ship_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlem Ship Canal">Harlem Ship Canal</a> had not been dug), he ordered a ditch and wooden <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a> to be constructed on the northern boundary of the New Amsterdam settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall was built of dirt and 15-foot (4.6 m) wooden planks, measuring 2,340 feet (710 m) long and 9 feet (2.7 m) tall<sup id="cite_ref-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was built using the labor of both <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Black slaves</a> and white colonists.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact Stuyvesant had ordered that "the citizens, without exception, shall work on the constructions… by immediately digging a ditch from the East River to the North River, 4 to 5 feet deep and 11 to 12 feet wide..." And that "the soldiers and other servants of the Company, together with the free Negroes, no one excepted, shall complete the work on the fort by constructing a breastwork, and the farmers are to be summoned to haul the sod."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Anglo-Dutch War ended in 1654 without hostilities in New Amsterdam, but over time the "werken" (meaning the works or city fortifications) were reinforced and expanded to protect against potential incursions from <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, pirates, and the English.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English also expanded and improved the wall after their 1664 takeover (a cause of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a>), as did the Dutch from 1673 to 1674 when they briefly <a href="/wiki/Reconquest_of_New_Netherland" title="Reconquest of New Netherland">retook</a> the city during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a>, and by the late 1600s the wall encircled most of the city and had two large stone bastions on the northern side.<sup id="cite_ref-JS4oX_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JS4oX-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch named these bastions "Hollandia" and "Zeelandia" after the ships that carried their invasion force. The wall started at <a href="/wiki/Hanover_Square_(Manhattan)" title="Hanover Square (Manhattan)">Hanover Square</a> on Pearl Street, which was the shoreline at that time, crossed the Indian path that the Dutch called <i>Heeren Wegh</i>, now called <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, and ended at the other shoreline (today's Trinity Place), where it took a turn south and ran along the shore until it ended at the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">old fort</a>. There was a gate at Broadway (the "Land Gate") and another at Pearl Street, the "Water Gate."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall and its fortifications were eventually removed in 1699—it had outlived its usefulness because the city had grown well beyond the wall. A new City Hall was built at Wall and <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a> in 1700 using the stones from the bastions as materials for the foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg/220px-New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg/330px-New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg/440px-New_York_slave_market_about_1730.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4226" data-file-height="3412" /></a><figcaption>New York's Municipal <a href="/wiki/Slave_markets_and_slave_jails_in_the_United_States" title="Slave markets and slave jails in the United States">slave market</a>, located at the foot of Wall Street on the East River, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1730</span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_New_York_(state)" title="History of slavery in New York (state)">Slavery had been introduced</a> to Manhattan in 1626, but it was not until December 13, 1711, that the New York City Common Council made a market at the foot of Wall Street the city's first official <a href="/wiki/Slave_markets_and_slave_jails_in_the_United_States" title="Slave markets and slave jails in the United States">slave market</a> for the sale and rental of enslaved Black people and Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The market operated from 1711 to 1762 at the corner of Wall and Pearl Streets, and consisted of a wooden structure with a roof and open sides, although walls may have been added over the years; it could hold approximately 50 people. New York's municipal authorities directly benefited from the sale of slaves by implementing taxes on every person who was bought and sold there.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In these early days, local merchants and traders would gather at disparate spots to buy and sell shares and bonds, and over time divided themselves into two classes—auctioneers and dealers.<sup id="cite_ref-Geisst1997_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geisst1997-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 18th century, there was a <a href="/wiki/American_sycamore" class="mw-redirect" title="American sycamore">buttonwood</a> tree at the foot of Wall Street under which traders and speculators would gather to trade securities. The benefit was being in proximity to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1792, traders formalized their association with the <a href="/wiki/Buttonwood_Agreement" title="Buttonwood Agreement">Buttonwood Agreement</a> which was the origin of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of the agreement was to make the market more "structured" and "without the manipulative auctions", with a commission structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Geisst1997_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geisst1997-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persons signing the agreement agreed to charge each other a standard commission rate; persons not signing could still participate but would be charged a higher commission for dealing.<sup id="cite_ref-Geisst1997_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geisst1997-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg/220px-New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg/330px-New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg/440px-New_York_City_Hall_1789b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>An engraving from 1855, showing a conjectural view of Wall Street, including the original Federal Hall, as it probably looked at the time of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s inauguration, 1789</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1789, Wall Street was the scene of the United States' first presidential inauguration when <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> took the oath of office on the balcony of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a> on April 30, 1789. This was also the location of the passing of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, who was the first Treasury secretary and "architect of the early United States financial system", is buried in the cemetery of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a>, as is <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a> famed for his <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_street_1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wall_street_1867.jpg/220px-Wall_street_1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wall_street_1867.jpg/330px-Wall_street_1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wall_street_1867.jpg/440px-Wall_street_1867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption>View of Wall Street from corner of Broad Street, 1867. On the left is the sub-Treasury building, now the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first few decades, both residences and businesses occupied the area, but increasingly business predominated. "There are old stories of people's houses being surrounded by the clamor of business and trade and the owners complaining that they can't get anything done," according to a historian named Burrows.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20010909-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> in the early 19th century meant a huge boom in business for New York City, since it was the only major eastern seaport which had direct access by inland waterways to ports on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>. Wall Street became the "money capital of America".<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian Charles R. Geisst suggested that there has constantly been a "tug-of-war" between business interests on Wall Street and authorities in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the capital of the United States by then.<sup id="cite_ref-Geisst1997_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geisst1997-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally during the 19th century Wall Street developed its own "unique personality and institutions" with little outside interference.<sup id="cite_ref-Geisst1997_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geisst1997-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg/170px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg/255px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg/340px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Wall_Street_Manhattan_-_George_Bradford_Brainerd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Wall Street <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1870-87</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1840s and 1850s, most residents moved further uptown to <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> because of the increased business use at the lower tip of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20010909-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> greatly expanded the northern economy, bringing greater prosperity to cities like New York which "came into its own as the nation's banking center" connecting "Old World capital and New World ambition", according to one account.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a> created giant trusts and <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> moved to New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1860 and 1920, the economy changed from "agricultural to industrial to financial" and New York maintained its leadership position despite these changes, according to historian Thomas Kessner.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York was second only to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> as the world's financial capital.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1884, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dow" title="Charles Dow">Charles Dow</a> began tracking stocks, initially beginning with 11 stocks, mostly railroads. He looked at average prices for these eleven.<sup id="cite_ref-sether_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sether-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the companies included in Dow's original calculations were <a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Company" title="American Tobacco Company">American Tobacco Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laclede_Gas_Company" title="Laclede Gas Company">Laclede Gas Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Lead_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Lead Company">National Lead Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Coal_%26_Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Coal & Iron">Tennessee Coal & Iron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Leather_Company" title="United States Leather Company">United States Leather Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the average "peaks and troughs" went up consistently, he deemed it a <a href="/wiki/Bull_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull market">bull market</a> condition; if averages dropped, it was a <a href="/wiki/Bear_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Market">bear market</a>. He added up prices, and divided by the number of stocks to get his <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones average</a>. Dow's numbers were a "convenient benchmark" for analyzing the market and became an accepted way to look at the entire <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">stock market</a>. In 1889 the original stock report, <i>Customers' Afternoon Letter</i>, became <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. Named in reference to the actual street, it became an influential international daily business newspaper published in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After October 7, 1896, it began publishing Dow's expanded list of stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-sether_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sether-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A century later, there were 30 stocks in the average.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tumbridge_%26_Co." title="Tumbridge & Co.">Tumbridge & Co.</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_part">Early part</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early part"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallstreetbmb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wallstreetbmb.jpg/220px-Wallstreetbmb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wallstreetbmb.jpg/330px-Wallstreetbmb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wallstreetbmb.jpg/440px-Wallstreetbmb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Wall Street bombing, 1920. Federal Hall National Memorial is at the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>Business writer <a href="/wiki/John_Brooks_(writer)" title="John Brooks (writer)">John Brooks</a> in his book <i>Once in Golconda</i> considered the start of the 20th century period to have been Wall Street's heyday.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The address of <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>, the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan & Co.">J. P. Morgan & Company</a>, known as <i>The Corner</i>, was "the precise center, geographical as well as metaphorical, of financial America and even of the financial world".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wall Street has had changing relationships with government authorities. In 1913, for example, when authorities proposed a $4 stock <a href="/wiki/Transfer_tax" title="Transfer tax">transfer tax</a>, stock clerks protested.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At other times, city and state officials have taken steps through tax incentives to encourage financial firms to continue to do business in the city. A post office was built at <a href="/wiki/60_Wall_Street" title="60 Wall Street">60 Wall Street</a> in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> years, occasionally there were fund-raising efforts for projects such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 16, 1920, close to the corner of Wall and <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a>, the busiest corner of the Financial District and across the offices of the <a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">Morgan Bank</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing" title="Wall Street bombing">powerful bomb exploded</a>. It killed 38 and seriously injured 143 people.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The perpetrators were never identified or apprehended. The explosion did, however, help fuel the <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a> that was underway at the time. A report from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The tomb-like silence that settles over Wall Street and lower Broadway with the coming of night and the suspension of business was entirely changed last night as hundreds of men worked under the glare of searchlights to repair the damage to skyscrapers that were lighted up from top to bottom. ... The Assay Office, nearest the point of explosion, naturally suffered the most. The front was pierced in fifty places where the cast iron slugs, which were of the material used for window weights, were thrown against it. Each slug penetrated the stone an inch or two [3–5 cm] and chipped off pieces ranging from three inches to a foot [8–30 cm] in diameter. The ornamental iron grill work protecting each window was broken or shattered. ... the Assay Office was a wreck. ... It was as though some gigantic force had overturned the building and then placed it upright again, leaving the framework uninjured but scrambling everything inside.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>1920<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The area was subjected to numerous threats; one bomb threat in 1921 led to detectives sealing off the area to "prevent a repetition of the Wall Street bomb explosion".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regulation">Regulation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg/170px-Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg/255px-Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg/340px-Crowd_outside_nyse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A crowd at Wall and Broad Streets after the 1929 crash, with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a> on the right. The majority of people are congregating in Wall Street on the left between the "House of Morgan" (<a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a> (26 Wall Street).</figcaption></figure> <p>September 1929 was the peak of the stock market.<sup id="cite_ref-The_world_in_depression_1929–1939_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_world_in_depression_1929–1939-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> October 3, 1929, was when the market started to slip, and it continued throughout the week of October 14.<sup id="cite_ref-The_world_in_depression_1929–1939_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_world_in_depression_1929–1939-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1929, renowned <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> reassured worried investors that their "money was safe" on Wall Street.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20050521_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20050521-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days later, on October 24,<sup id="cite_ref-The_world_in_depression_1929–1939_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_world_in_depression_1929–1939-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stock values plummeted. The <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">stock market crash of 1929</a> ushered in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, in which a quarter of working people were unemployed, with soup kitchens, mass foreclosures of farms, and falling prices.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20050521_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20050521-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this era, development of the Financial District stagnated, and Wall Street "paid a heavy price" and "became something of a backwater in American life".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20050521_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20050521-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> years, as well as the 1940s, there was much less focus on Wall Street and finance. The government clamped down on the practice of buying equities based only on credit, but these policies began to ease. From 1946 to 1947, stocks could not be purchased "<a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">on margin</a>", meaning that an investor had to pay 100% of a stock's cost without taking on any loans.<sup id="cite_ref-time19600808_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19600808-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this margin requirement was reduced four times before 1960, each time stimulating a mini-rally and boosting volume, and when the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> reduced the margin requirements from 90% to 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-time19600808_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19600808-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These changes made it somewhat easier for investors to buy stocks on credit.<sup id="cite_ref-time19600808_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19600808-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growing national economy and prosperity led to a recovery during the 1960s, with some down years during the early 1970s in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. Trading volumes climbed; in 1967, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i>, volume hit 7.5 million shares a day which caused a "traffic jam" of paper with "batteries of clerks" working overtime to "clear transactions and update customer accounts".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, the financial community posted a collective loss of $245 million, which spurred temporary help from the government.<sup id="cite_ref-time19730924_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19730924-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reforms were instituted; the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities & Exchange Commission</a> eliminated fixed commissions, which forced "brokers to compete freely with one another for investors' business".<sup id="cite_ref-time19730924_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19730924-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, the SEC threw out the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>'s "Rule 394" which had required that "most stock transactions take place on the Big Board's floor", in effect freeing up trading for electronic methods.<sup id="cite_ref-time19760830_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19760830-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, banks were allowed to buy and sell stocks, which provided more competition for <a href="/wiki/Stockbroker" title="Stockbroker">stockbrokers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time19760830_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19760830-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reforms had the effect of lowering prices overall, making it easier for more people to participate in the stock market.<sup id="cite_ref-time19760830_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19760830-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broker commissions for each stock sale lessened, but volume increased.<sup id="cite_ref-time19730924_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19730924-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan years</a> were marked by a renewed push for <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>, with national efforts to de-regulate industries such as <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>. The economy resumed upward growth after a period in the early 1980s of languishing. A report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> described that the flushness of money and growth during these years had spawned a <a href="/wiki/Drug_culture" title="Drug culture">drug culture</a> of sorts, with a rampant acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> use although the overall percent of actual users was most likely small. A reporter wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Wall Street drug dealer looked like many other successful young female executives. Stylishly dressed and wearing designer sunglasses, she sat in her 1983 Chevrolet Camaro in a no-parking zone across the street from the <a href="/wiki/140_Broadway" title="140 Broadway">Marine Midland Bank branch</a> on lower Broadway. The customer in the passenger seat looked like a successful young businessman. But as the dealer slipped him a heat-sealed plastic envelope of cocaine and he passed her cash, the transaction was being watched through the sunroof of her car by Federal drug agents in a nearby building. And the customer — an undercover agent himself -was learning the ways, the wiles and the conventions of Wall Street's drug subculture.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Peter Kerr in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Wall_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1_Wall_Street.jpg/170px-1_Wall_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1_Wall_Street.jpg/255px-1_Wall_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1_Wall_Street.jpg/340px-1_Wall_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street" title="1 Wall Street">1 Wall Street</a>, at Wall Street and Broadway</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1987, the stock market plunged,<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in the relatively brief recession following, the surrounding area lost 100,000 jobs according to one estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19960128_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19960128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since telecommunications costs were coming down, banks and <a href="/wiki/Brokerage_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Brokerage firm">brokerage firms</a> could move away from the Financial District to more affordable locations.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19960128_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19960128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the firms looking to move away was the NYSE. In 1998, the NYSE and the city struck a $900 million deal which kept the NYSE from moving across the river to <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>; the deal was described as the "largest in city history to prevent a corporation from leaving town".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, the <i>Big Board</i>, as some termed the NYSE, was described as the world's "largest and most prestigious stock market".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20011012_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20011012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center" title="Collapse of the World Trade Center">World Trade Center was destroyed</a> on <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11, 2001</a>, the attacks "crippled" the communications network and destroyed many buildings in the Financial District, although the buildings on Wall Street itself saw only little physical damage.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20011012_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20011012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One estimate was that 45% of Wall Street's "best office space" had been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSE was determined to re-open on September 17, almost a week after the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20010916_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20010916-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Group_Business_Center" title="Rockefeller Group Business Center">Rockefeller Group Business Center</a> opened additional offices at <a href="/wiki/48_Wall_Street" title="48 Wall Street">48 Wall Street</a>. Still, after September 11, the financial services industry went through a downturn with a sizable drop in year-end bonuses of $6.5 billion, according to one estimate from a state comptroller's office.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To guard against a vehicular bombing in the area, authorities built concrete barriers, and found ways over time to make them more aesthetically appealing by spending $5000 to $8000 apiece on <a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">bollards</a>. Parts of Wall Street, as well as several other streets in the neighborhood, were blocked off by specially designed bollards: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... Rogers Marvel designed a new kind of bollard, a faceted piece of sculpture whose broad, slanting surfaces offer people a place to sit in contrast to the typical bollard, which is supremely unsittable. The bollard, which is called the Nogo, looks a bit like one of Frank Gehry's unorthodox culture palaces, but it is hardly insensitive to its surroundings. Its bronze surfaces actually echo the grand doorways of Wall Street's temples of commerce. Pedestrians easily slip through groups of them as they make their way onto Wall Street from the area around historic Trinity Church. Cars, however, cannot pass.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Blair Kamin in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>, 2006<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reporter Andrew Clark described the years of 2006 to 2010 as "tumultuous", in which the heartland of America was "mired in gloom" with high unemployment around 9.6%, with average house prices falling from $230,000 in 2006 to $183,000, and foreboding increases in the national debt to $13.4 trillion, but that despite the setbacks, the American economy was once more "bouncing back".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What had happened during these heady years? Clark wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But the picture is too nuanced simply to dump all the responsibility on financiers. Most Wall Street banks didn't actually go around the US hawking dodgy mortgages; they bought and packaged loans from on-the-ground firms such as Countrywide Financial and New Century Financial, both of which hit a financial wall in the crisis. Foolishly and recklessly, the banks didn't look at these loans adequately, relying on flawed credit-rating agencies such as Standard & Poor's and Moody's, which blithely certified toxic mortgage-backed securities as solid ... A few of those on Wall Street, including maverick hedge fund manager John Paulson and the top brass at Goldman Sachs, spotted what was going on and ruthlessly gambled on a crash. They made a fortune but turned into the crisis's pantomime villains. Most, though, got burned – the banks are still gradually running down portfolios of non-core loans worth $800bn.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reporter Andrew Clark, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG/170px-Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG/255px-Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG/340px-Trinity_Church_NYC_004b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a> looking west on Wall Street</figcaption></figure> <p>The first months of 2008 was a particularly troublesome period which caused <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> to "work holidays and weekends" and which did an "extraordinary series of moves".<sup id="cite_ref-npr20080317_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr20080317-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It bolstered U.S. banks and allowed Wall Street firms to borrow "directly from the Fed"<sup id="cite_ref-npr20080317_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr20080317-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through a vehicle called the Fed's Discount Window, a sort of lender of last report.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These efforts were highly controversial at the time, but from the perspective of 2010, it appeared the Federal exertions had been the right decisions. </p><p>By 2010, Wall Street firms, in Clark's view, were "getting back to their old selves as engine rooms of wealth, prosperity and excess".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report by Michael Stoler in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a></i> described a "phoenix-like resurrection" of the area, with residential, commercial, retail and hotels booming in the "third largest business district in the country".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the investment community was worried about proposed legal reforms, including the <i>Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act</i> which dealt with matters such as credit card rates and lending requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSE closed two of its trading floors in a move towards transforming itself into an electronic exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in September 2011, <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">demonstrators</a> disenchanted with the financial system protested in parks and plazas around Wall Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Moynihan_2011_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moynihan_2011-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 29, 2012, Wall Street was disrupted when New York and New Jersey were inundated by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>. Its 14-foot-high (4.3 m) storm surge, a local record, caused massive street flooding nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSE was closed for weather-related reasons, the first time since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gloria" title="Hurricane Gloria">Hurricane Gloria</a> in September 1985 and the first two-day weather-related shutdown since the <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_of_1888" class="mw-redirect" title="Blizzard of 1888">Blizzard of 1888</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG/220px-Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG/330px-Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG/440px-Federal_Hall_and_George_Washington_statue_in_New_York_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG/220px-USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG/330px-USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG/440px-USA-NYC-New_York_Stock_Exchange.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Detail of <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Wall Street's architecture is generally rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20010909-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The older skyscrapers often were built with elaborate facades, which have not been common in corporate architecture for decades. There are numerous landmarks on Wall Street, some of which were erected as the headquarters of banks. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a> (26 Wall Street), built in 1833–1842. The building, which previously housed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Custom_House_(New_York_City)" title="United States Custom House (New York City)">United States Custom House</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Subtreasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtreasury">Subtreasury</a>, is now a <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Wall_Street" title="55 Wall Street">55 Wall Street</a>, erected in 1836–1841 as the four-story Merchants Exchange, was turned into the United States Custom House in the late 19th century. An expansion in 1907–1910 turned it into the eight-story <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">National City Bank</a> Building.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_Wall_Street" title="14 Wall Street">14 Wall Street</a>, a 32-story skyscraper with a 7-story stepped pyramid, built in 1910–1912 with an expansion in 1931–1933. It was originally the <a href="/wiki/Bankers_Trust" title="Bankers Trust">Bankers Trust</a> Company Building.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a>, a four-story headquarters built in 1914, was known as the "House of Morgan" and served for decades as the <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan & Co.">J.P. Morgan & Co.</a> bank's headquarters and, by some accounts, was considered an important address in American finance. Cosmetic damage from the 1920 <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing" title="Wall Street bombing">Wall Street bombing</a> is still visible on the Wall Street side of this building.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48_Wall_Street" title="48 Wall Street">48 Wall Street</a>, a 32-story skyscraper built in 1927–1929 as the Bank of New York & Trust Company Building.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a>, a 71-story skyscraper built in 1929–1930 as the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Company" title="Manhattan Company">Bank of Manhattan Company</a> Building; it later became the Trump Building.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street" title="1 Wall Street">1 Wall Street</a>, a 50-story skyscraper built in 1929–1931 with an expansion in 1963–1965. It was previously known as the <a href="/wiki/Irving_Trust" title="Irving Trust">Irving Trust</a> Company Building and the Bank of New York Building.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Wall_Street" title="75 Wall Street">75 Wall Street</a>, built in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built to be the U.S. headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although several firms leased space in the building after it opened.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was converted in 2006–2009 into a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use</a> building with <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominiums</a> and a hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60_Wall_Street" title="60 Wall Street">60 Wall Street</a>, built in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-White_2010_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> It was formerly the J.P. Morgan & Co. headquarters<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before becoming the U.S. headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the last remaining major investment bank headquarters on Wall Street.</li></ul> <p>Another key anchor for the area is the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a> at the corner of <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a>. It houses the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, which is by far the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">world's largest stock exchange</a> per <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of its listed companies,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at US$28.5 trillion as of June 30, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City authorities realize its importance, and believed that it has "outgrown its <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> temple at the corner of Wall and Broad streets", and in 1998, offered substantial tax incentives to try to keep it in the Financial District.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans to rebuild it were delayed by the September 11 attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exchange still occupies the same site. The exchange is the locus for a large amount of technology and data. For example, to accommodate the three thousand people who work directly on the exchange floor requires 3,500 kilowatts of electricity, along with 8,000 phone circuits on the trading floor alone, and 200 miles (320 km) of <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_cable" title="Fiber-optic cable">fiber-optic cable</a> below ground.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20010916_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20010916-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="see caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg/300px-NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg/450px-NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg/600px-NYC_Downtown_Manhattan_Skyline_seen_from_Paulus_Hook_2019-12-20_IMG_7347_FRD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3921" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/FiDi_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="FiDi (Manhattan)">Financial District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> including Wall Street, the world's principal <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_an_economic_engine">As an economic engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As an economic engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_New_York_economy">In the New York economy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In the New York economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finance professor Charles R. Geisst wrote that the exchange has become "inextricably intertwined into New York's economy".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20011012_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20011012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wall Street pay, in terms of salaries and bonuses and taxes, is an important part of the economy of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_area_(NY-NJ-CT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-State area (NY-NJ-CT)">tri-state metropolitan area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anchored by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world's most economically powerful city and leading <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, a falloff in Wall Street's economy could have "wrenching effects on the local and regional economies".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, after a downturn in the stock market, the decline meant $18 billion less in taxable income, with less money available for "apartments, furniture, cars, clothing and services".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estimates vary about the number and quality of financial jobs in the city. One estimate was that Wall Street firms employed close to 200,000 persons in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another estimate was that in 2007, the financial services industry which had a $70 billion profit became 22 percent of the city's revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20090223_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090223-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another estimate (in 2006) was that the financial services industry makes up 9% of the city's work force and 31% of the tax base.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional estimate from 2007 by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Malanga" title="Steven Malanga">Steve Malanga</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Institute">Manhattan Institute</a> was that the securities industry accounts for 4.7 percent of the jobs in New York City but 20.7 percent of its wages, and he estimated there were 175,000 securities-industries jobs in New York (both Wall Street area and midtown) paying an average of $350,000 annually.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1995 and 2005, the sector grew at an annual rate of about 6.6% annually, a respectable rate, but that other financial centers were growing faster.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another estimate, made in 2008, was that Wall Street provided a fourth of all personal income earned in the city, and 10% of New York City's tax revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of private sector jobs in New York City, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of the city's tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seven largest Wall Street firms in the 2000s were <a href="/wiki/Bear_Stearns" title="Bear Stearns">Bear Stearns</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the recession of 2008–10, many of these firms, including Lehman, went out of business or were bought up at firesale prices by other financial firms. In 2008, Lehman filed for bankruptcy,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bear_Stearns" title="Bear Stearns">Bear Stearns</a> was bought by <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a><sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forced by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-npr20080317_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr20080317-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a> was bought by <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> in a similar shot-gun wedding. These failures marked a catastrophic downsizing of Wall Street as the financial industry goes through restructuring and change. Since New York's financial industry provides almost one-fourth of all income produced in the city, and accounts for 10% of the city's tax revenues and 20% of the state's, the downturn has had huge repercussions for government treasuries.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York's mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> reportedly over a four-year period dangled over $100 million in tax incentives to persuade Goldman Sachs to build a 43-story <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial District (Manhattan)">Financial District</a> near the destroyed World Trade Center site.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20090223_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090223-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, things looked somewhat gloomy, with one analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> suggesting that 65,000 jobs had been permanently lost because of the downturn.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20090223_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090223-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But there were signs that Manhattan property prices were rebounding with price rises of 9% annually in 2010, and bonuses were being paid once more, with average bonuses over $124,000 in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Versus_Midtown_Manhattan">Versus Midtown Manhattan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Versus Midtown Manhattan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A requirement of the New York Stock Exchange was that brokerage firms had to have offices "clustered around Wall Street" so clerks could deliver physical paper copies of stock certificates each week.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were some indications that midtown had been becoming the locus of financial services dealings even by 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But as technology progressed, in the middle and later decades of the 20th century, computers and telecommunications replaced paper notifications, meaning that the close proximity requirement could be bypassed in more situations.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many financial firms found that they could move to <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>, only four miles (6 km) away,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20010909-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and still operate effectively. For example, the former investment firm of <a href="/wiki/Donaldson,_Lufkin_%26_Jenrette" title="Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette">Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette</a> was described as a <i>Wall Street firm</i> but had its headquarters on <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report described the migration from Wall Street: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The financial industry has been slowly migrating from its historic home in the warren of streets around Wall Street to the more spacious and glamorous office towers of Midtown Manhattan. Morgan Stanley, J.P. Morgan Chase, Citigroup, and Bear Stearns have all moved north.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>USA Today</i>, October 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Nevertheless, a key magnet for the Wall Street remains the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a>. Some "old guard" firms such as <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a> (bought by <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> in 2009), have remained "fiercely loyal to the Financial District" location, and new ones such as <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> have chosen office space in the district.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So-called "face-to-face" trading between buyers and sellers remains a "cornerstone" of the NYSE, with a benefit of having all of a deal's players close at hand, including <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment bankers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accountant" title="Accountant">accountants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday20011024_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday20011024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_New_Jersey_economy">In the New Jersey economy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In the New Jersey economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_West" title="Wall Street West">Wall Street West</a></div> <p>After Wall Street firms started to expand westward in the 1980s into <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the direct economic impacts of Wall Street activities have gone beyond New York City. The employment in the financial services industry, mostly in the "back office" roles, has become an important part of New Jersey's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the Wall Street employment wages were paid in the amount of almost $18.5 billion in the state. The industry contributed $39.4 billion or 8.4 percent to the New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-njfinance_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-njfinance-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant area with Wall Street employment is in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>. In 2008, the "Wall Street West" employment contributed to one third of the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> jobs in Jersey City. Within the Financial Service cluster, there were three major sectors: more than 60 percent were in the <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities industry</a>; 20 percent were in <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking</a>; and 8 percent in <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, New Jersey has become the main technology infrastructure to support the Wall Street operations. A substantial amount of securities traded in the United States are executed in New Jersey as the <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a> of electronic trading in the U.S. equity market for all major stock exchanges are located in <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Jersey" title="Central Jersey">Central Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant amount of securities <a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">clearing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Settlement_(finance)" title="Settlement (finance)">settlement</a> workforce is also in the state. This includes the majority of the workforce of Depository Trust Company,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the primary U.S. securities <a href="/wiki/Depository_bank" title="Depository bank">depository</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Depository_Trust_%26_Clearing_Corporation" title="Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation">Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the parent company of National Securities Clearing Corporation, the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation and Emerging Markets Clearing Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having a direct tie to Wall Street employment can be problematic for New Jersey, however. The state lost 7.9 percent of its employment base from 2007 to 2010 in the financial services sector in the fallout of the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-njfinance_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-njfinance-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Competing_financial_centers">Competing financial centers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Competing financial centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">Financial centre</a></div> <p>Of the street's importance as a financial center, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> analyst <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gross_(journalist)" title="Daniel Gross (journalist)">Daniel Gross</a> wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In today's burgeoning and increasingly integrated global financial markets — a vast, neural spaghetti of wires, Web sites and trading platforms — the N.Y.S.E. is clearly no longer the epicenter. Nor is New York. The largest mutual-fund complexes are in <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge,_Pennsylvania" title="Valley Forge, Pennsylvania">Valley Forge, Pa.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, while trading and money management are spreading globally. Since the end of the cold war, vast pools of capital have been forming overseas, in the Swiss bank accounts of Russian oligarchs, in the Shanghai vaults of Chinese manufacturing magnates and in the coffers of funds controlled by governments in Singapore, Russia, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and Saudi Arabia that may amount to some $2.5 trillion.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Daniel Gross in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>An example is the alternative trading platform known as <a href="/wiki/BATS_Global_Markets" title="BATS Global Markets">BATS</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City">Kansas City</a>, which came "out of nowhere to gain a 9 percent share in the market for trading United States stocks".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The firm has computers in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, and only two salespeople in New York City; the remaining 33 employees work in a center in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_public_imagination">In the public imagination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In the public imagination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_a_financial_symbol">As a financial symbol</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: As a financial symbol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wall Street in a conceptual sense represents financial and economic power. To Americans, it can sometimes represent elitism and power politics, and its role has been a source of controversy throughout the nation's history, particularly beginning around the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a> period in the late 19th century. Wall Street became the symbol of a country and economic system that many Americans see as having developed through trade, capitalism, and innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "Wall Street" has become a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_the_United_States" title="Financial services in the United States">American financial services industry</a>, or New York–based financial interests.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wall Street has become synonymous with financial interests, often used negatively.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuttner2010_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuttner2010-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a> from 2007 to 2010, Wall Street financing was blamed as one of the causes, although most commentators blame an interplay of factors. The U.S. government with the <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a> bailed out the banks and financial backers with billions of taxpayer dollars, but the bailout was often criticized as politically motivated,<sup id="cite_ref-Kuttner2010_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuttner2010-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was criticized by journalists as well as the public. Analyst <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kuttner" title="Robert Kuttner">Robert Kuttner</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i> criticized the bailout as helping large Wall Street firms such as Citigroup while neglecting to help smaller community development banks such as Chicago's <a href="/wiki/ShoreBank" title="ShoreBank">ShoreBank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuttner2010_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuttner2010-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One writer in the <i>Huffington Post</i> looked at <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> statistics on robbery, fraud, and crime and concluded that Wall Street was the "most dangerous neighborhood in the United States" if one factored in the $50 billion <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a> perpetrated by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Madoff" title="Bernie Madoff">Bernie Madoff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When large firms such as <a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a>, <a href="/wiki/WorldCom" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCom">WorldCom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Global_Crossing" title="Global Crossing">Global Crossing</a> were found guilty of fraud, Wall Street was often blamed,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20050521_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20050521-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though these firms had headquarters around the nation and not in Wall Street. Many complained that the resulting <a href="/wiki/Sarbanes-Oxley" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarbanes-Oxley">Sarbanes-Oxley</a> legislation dampened the business climate with regulations that were "overly burdensome".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interest groups seeking favor with <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington lawmakers</a>, such as car dealers, have often sought to portray their interests as allied with <i>Main Street</i> rather than <i>Wall Street</i>, although analyst Peter Overby on <i><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></i> suggested that car dealers have written over $250 billion in consumer loans and have real ties with <i>Wall Street</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">United States Treasury</a> bailed out large financial firms, to ostensibly halt a downward spiral in the nation's economy, there was tremendous negative political fallout, particularly when reports came out that monies supposed to be used to ease credit restrictions were being used to pay bonuses to highly paid employees.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analyst <a href="/wiki/William_D._Cohan" title="William D. Cohan">William D. Cohan</a> argued that it was "obscene" how Wall Street reaped "massive profits and bonuses in 2009" after being saved by "trillions of dollars of American taxpayers' treasure" despite Wall Street's "greed and irresponsible risk-taking".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> reporter Suzanne McGee called for Wall Street to make a sort of public apology to the nation, and expressed dismay that people such as <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> chief executive <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein" title="Lloyd Blankfein">Lloyd Blankfein</a> hadn't expressed contrition despite being sued by the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-wp20100630_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp20100630-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McGee wrote that "Bankers aren't the sole culprits, but their too-glib denials of responsibility and the occasional vague and waffling expression of regret don't go far enough to deflect anger."<sup id="cite_ref-wp20100630_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp20100630-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:60_Wall_Street_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/60_Wall_Street_building.jpg/170px-60_Wall_Street_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/60_Wall_Street_building.jpg/255px-60_Wall_Street_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/60_Wall_Street_building.jpg/340px-60_Wall_Street_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>US headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> at <a href="/wiki/60_Wall_Street" title="60 Wall Street">60 Wall Street</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>But chief banking analyst at <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, Richard Ramsden, is "unapologetic" and sees "banks as the dynamos that power the rest of the economy".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramsden believes "risk-taking is vital" and said in 2010: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You can construct a banking system in which no bank will ever fail, in which there's no leverage. But there would be a cost. There would be virtually no economic growth because there would be no credit creation.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Richard Ramsden of Goldman Sachs, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Others in the financial industry believe that they have been unfairly castigated by the public and by politicians. For example, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Anthony Scaramucci</a> reportedly told President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2010 that he felt like a <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">piñata</a>, "whacked with a stick" by "hostile politicians".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian20101007_45-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian20101007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The financial misdeeds of various figures throughout American history sometimes casts a dark shadow on financial investing as a whole, and include names such as <a href="/wiki/William_Duer_(Continental_Congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Duer (Continental Congressman)">William Duer</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Fisk_(financier)" title="James Fisk (financier)">Jim Fisk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Gould" title="Jay Gould">Jay Gould</a> (the latter two believed to have been involved with an effort to collapse the U.S. gold market in 1869) as well as modern figures such as <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Madoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Madoff">Bernard Madoff</a> who "bilked billions from investors".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, images of Wall Street and its figures have loomed large. The 1987 <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_(1987_film)" title="Wall Street (1987 film)">Wall Street</a></i> created the iconic figure of <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gekko" title="Gordon Gekko">Gordon Gekko</a> who used the phrase "greed is good", which caught on in the cultural parlance.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20090908_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090908-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gekko is reportedly based on multiple real-life individuals on Wall Street, including corporate raider Carl Icahn, disgraced stock trader Ivan Boesky, and investor Michael Ovitz.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, Stone commented how the film had had an unexpected cultural influence, not causing them to turn away from corporate greed, but causing many young people to choose Wall Street careers because of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20090908_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090908-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reporter repeated other lines from the film: "I'm talking about liquid. Rich enough to have your own jet. Rich enough not to waste time. Fifty, a hundred million dollars, Buddy. A player."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20090908_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090908-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wall Street firms have, however, also contributed to projects such as <a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a>, as well as done food programs in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, trauma centers in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, and rescue boats during floods in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG/170px-Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG/255px-Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG/340px-Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption>Street sign for Wall Street at the corner with Broadway, in front of <a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street" title="1 Wall Street">1 Wall Street</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>'s classic short story "<a href="/wiki/Bartleby,_the_Scrivener" title="Bartleby, the Scrivener">Bartleby, the Scrivener</a>" (first published in 1853 and republished in revised edition in 1856) is subtitled "A Story of Wall Street" and portrays the alienating forces at work within the confines of Wall Street.</li> <li>Many events of <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a>'s 1987 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bonfire_of_the_Vanities" title="The Bonfire of the Vanities">The Bonfire of the Vanities</a></i> center on Wall Street and its culture.</li> <li>The film <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_(1987_film)" title="Wall Street (1987 film)">Wall Street</a></i> (1987) and its sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street:_Money_Never_Sleeps" title="Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps">Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps</a></i> (2010) exemplify many popular conceptions of Wall Street as a center of shady corporate dealings and <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> universe, the <a href="/wiki/Ferengi" title="Ferengi">Ferengi</a> are said to make regular pilgrimages to Wall Street, which they worship as a holy site of commerce and business.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On January 26, 2000, the band <a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a> filmed the music video for "<a href="/wiki/Sleep_Now_in_the_Fire" title="Sleep Now in the Fire">Sleep Now in the Fire</a>" on Wall Street, which was directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York Stock Exchange closed early that day, at 2:52 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 2012 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Rises" title="The Dark Knight Rises">The Dark Knight Rises</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bane_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bane (comics)">Bane</a> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Gotham_City" title="Gotham City">Gotham City</a> Stock Exchange. Scenes were filmed in and around the New York Stock Exchange, with the J.P. Morgan Building at Wall Street and Broad Street standing in for the Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2013 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_(2013_film)" title="The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)">The Wolf of Wall Street</a></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">dark comedy</a> about <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Belfort" title="Jordan Belfort">Jordan Belfort</a>, a New York stockbroker who ran <a href="/wiki/Stratton_Oakmont" title="Stratton Oakmont">Stratton Oakmont</a>, a firm from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Success,_New_York" title="Lake Success, New York">Lake Success, New York</a>, that engaged in securities fraud and corruption on Wall Street from 1987 to 1998.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personalities_associated_with_the_street">Personalities associated with the street</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Personalities associated with the street"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many people associated with Wall Street have become famous; although in most cases their reputations are limited to members of the <a href="/wiki/Brokerage_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Brokerage firm">stock brokerage</a> and banking communities, others have gained national and international fame. For some, like hedge fund manager <a href="/wiki/Ray_Dalio" title="Ray Dalio">Ray Dalio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their fame is due to skillful investment strategies, financing, reporting, legal or regulatory activities, while others such as <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Boesky" title="Ivan Boesky">Ivan Boesky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Milken" title="Michael Milken">Michael Milken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Madoff" title="Bernie Madoff">Bernie Madoff</a> are remembered for their notable failures or scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG/220px-Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG/330px-Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG/440px-Pier_11_at_Wall_Street_ferry.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2780" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Pier 11</figcaption></figure> <p>With Wall Street being historically a commuter destination, a plethora of transportation infrastructure has been developed to serve it. <a href="/wiki/Pier_11/Wall_Street" title="Pier 11/Wall Street">Pier 11</a> near Wall Street's eastern end is a busy terminal for <a href="/wiki/New_York_Waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Waterway">New York Waterway</a>, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Water_Taxi" title="New York Water Taxi">New York Water Taxi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SeaStreak" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaStreak">SeaStreak</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Manhattan_Heliport" title="Downtown Manhattan Heliport">Downtown Manhattan Heliport</a> also serves Wall Street. </p><p>There are three <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> stations under Wall Street: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Wall Street station</a> at <a href="/wiki/William_Street_(Manhattan)" title="William Street (Manhattan)">William Street</a> (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="2 (New York City Subway service)">2</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/3_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="3 (New York City Subway service)">3</a></span> trains)<sup id="cite_ref-submap_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-submap-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)">Wall Street station</a> at <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/4_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="4 (New York City Subway service)">4</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/5_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="5 (New York City Subway service)">5</a></span> trains)<sup id="cite_ref-submap_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-submap-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_station_(BMT_Nassau_Street_Line)" title="Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)">Broad Street station</a> at <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a>, with an entrance at Wall Street (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="J (New York City Subway service)">J</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Z_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Z (New York City Subway service)">Z</a></span> trains)<sup id="cite_ref-submap_111-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-submap-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>No bus route runs on Wall Street. The two routes intersecting are the <a href="/wiki/M15_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M15 (New York City bus)">M15</a> and <a href="/wiki/M15_SBS_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M15 SBS (New York City bus)">M15 SBS</a> on Water Street and the downtown <a href="/wiki/M55_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M55 (New York City bus)">M55</a> on Broadway. </p><p>From 1934 to the mid-1980s, <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Skyport" title="Wall Street Skyport">Wall Street Skyport</a> served as a seaplane base that was primarily used by suburban commuters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Historic_District_(Manhattan)" title="Wall Street Historic District (Manhattan)">Wall Street Historic District (Manhattan)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-36/">"The Global Financial Centres Index 36"</a>. Long Finance. September 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+York+widens+lead+over+London+in+top+finance+centres+index&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DORIS2017-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DORIS2017_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DORIS2017_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/2/23/the-dutch-the-english-part-2-a-wall-by-any-other-name">"The Dutch & the English, Part 2: A Wall by Any Other Name"</a>. <i>NYC Department of Records & Information Services</i>. February 23, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190124/https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/2/23/the-dutch-the-english-part-2-a-wall-by-any-other-name">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Department+of+Records+%26+Information+Services&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+%26+the+English%2C+Part+2%3A+A+Wall+by+Any+Other+Name&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.nyc%2Fblog%2F2017%2F2%2F23%2Fthe-dutch-the-english-part-2-a-wall-by-any-other-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JS4oX-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JS4oX_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JS4oX_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/6/1/the-dutch-the-english-part-5-return-of-the-dutch-what-became-of-the-wall">"The Dutch & the English Part 5: The Return of the Dutch and What Became of the Wall"</a>. <i>NYC Department of Records & Information Services</i>. June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190134/https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/6/1/the-dutch-the-english-part-5-return-of-the-dutch-what-became-of-the-wall">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Department+of+Records+%26+Information+Services&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+%26+the+English+Part+5%3A+The+Return+of+the+Dutch+and+What+Became+of+the+Wall&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.nyc%2Fblog%2F2017%2F6%2F1%2Fthe-dutch-the-english-part-5-return-of-the-dutch-what-became-of-the-wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/2/9/the-dutch-the-english-part-1-good-fences-a-history-of-wall-street">"The Dutch & the English, Part 1: Good Fences, a History of Wall Street"</a>. <i>NYC Department of Records & Information Services</i>. February 9, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190133/https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/2/9/the-dutch-the-english-part-1-good-fences-a-history-of-wall-street">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Department+of+Records+%26+Information+Services&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+%26+the+English%2C+Part+1%3A+Good+Fences%2C+a+History+of+Wall+Street&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.nyc%2Fblog%2F2017%2F2%2F9%2Fthe-dutch-the-english-part-1-good-fences-a-history-of-wall-street&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmery2019" class="citation web cs1">Emery, David (January 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/wall-street-border-wall/">"Was Wall Street Originally the Site of a 'Border Wall' Meant to Protect New Amsterdam?"</a>. <i>Snopes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123151816/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/wall-street-border-wall/">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Was+Wall+Street+Originally+the+Site+of+a+%27Border+Wall%27+Meant+to+Protect+New+Amsterdam%3F&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Ffact-check%2Fwall-street-border-wall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History.com_Wall_Street_Timeline_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/wall-street-timeline">"Wall Street Timeline: From a Wooden Wall to a Symbol of Economic Power"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i>. January 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105105733/https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/wall-street-timeline">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Wall+Street+Timeline%3A+From+a+Wooden+Wall+to+a+Symbol+of+Economic+Power&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fus-states%2Fwall-street-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slaveryinnewyork.org/PDFs/White_New_Yorkers.pdf">White New Yorkers in Slave Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601234634/http://www.slaveryinnewyork.org/PDFs/White_New_Yorkers.pdf">Archived</a> June 1, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a>. 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Translated by <a href="/wiki/Yuval_Noah_Harari" title="Yuval Noah Harari">Harari, Yuval Noah</a>; Purcell, John; <a href="/wiki/Haim_Watzman" title="Haim Watzman">Watzman, Haim</a>. London: Penguin Random House UK. pp. 360–361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-959008-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-959008-8"><bdi>978-0-09-959008-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/910498369">910498369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sapiens%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Humankind&rft.place=London&rft.pages=360-361&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+UK&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F910498369&rft.isbn=978-0-09-959008-8&rft.aulast=Harari&rft.aufirst=Yuval+Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F910498369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/3/9/the-dutch-the-english-part-3-construction-of-the-wall-1653-1663">"The Dutch & the English, Part 3: Construction of the Wall (1653-1663)"</a>. <i>NYC Department of Records & Information Services</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Department+of+Records+%26+Information+Services&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+%26+the+English%2C+Part+3%3A+Construction+of+the+Wall+%281653-1663%29&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.nyc%2Fblog%2F2017%2F3%2F9%2Fthe-dutch-the-english-part-3-construction-of-the-wall-1653-1663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/6/1/the-dutch-the-english-part-5-return-of-the-dutch-what-became-of-the-wall">"The Dutch & the English Part 5: The Return of the Dutch and What Became of the Wall"</a>. <i>NYC Department of Records & Information Services</i>. June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190134/https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2017/6/1/the-dutch-the-english-part-5-return-of-the-dutch-what-became-of-the-wall">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Department+of+Records+%26+Information+Services&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+%26+the+English+Part+5%3A+The+Return+of+the+Dutch+and+What+Became+of+the+Wall&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.nyc%2Fblog%2F2017%2F6%2F1%2Fthe-dutch-the-english-part-5-return-of-the-dutch-what-became-of-the-wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maap.columbia.edu/place/22.html">Slave Market</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130306133627/http://maap.columbia.edu/place/22.html">Archived</a> March 6, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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(October 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/sept11/2001/10/24/midtown.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Wall Street' migrates to Midtown"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927204946/http://www.usatoday.com/news/sept11/2001/10/24/midtown.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=%27Wall+Street%27+migrates+to+Midtown&rft.date=2001-10-24&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Noelle&rft.au=Moor%2C+Martha+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fsept11%2F2001%2F10%2F24%2Fmidtown.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan04.html">Today in History: January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060822201009/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan04.html">Archived</a> August 22, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Library of Congress. Retrieved August 8, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20071014-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20071014_20-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gross_(journalist)" title="Daniel Gross (journalist)">Gross, Daniel</a> (October 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/14/magazine/14wallstreet-t.html">"The Capital of Capital No More?"</a>. <i>The New York Times: Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025255/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/14/magazine/14wallstreet-t.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times%3A+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Capital+of+Capital+No+More%3F&rft.date=2007-10-14&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F14%2Fmagazine%2F14wallstreet-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1863/12/23/news/a-monument-to-robert-fulton.html">"A Monument to Robert Fulton"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318095609/https://www.nytimes.com/1863/12/23/archives/a-monument-to-robert-fulton.html">Archived</a> March 18, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>New York Times</i>, December 12, 1863</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20010909-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20010909_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2001" class="citation news cs1">Donovan, Aaron (September 9, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE2DA1339F93AA3575AC0A9679C8B63">"If You're Thinking of Living In/The Financial District; In Wall Street's Canyons, Cliff Dwellers"</a>. <i>The New York Times: Real Estate</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108093054/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/09/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-financial-district-wall-street-s-canyons-cliff.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times%3A+Real+Estate&rft.atitle=If+You%27re+Thinking+of+Living+In%2FThe+Financial+District%3B+In+Wall+Street%27s+Canyons%2C+Cliff+Dwellers&rft.date=2001-09-09&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9D0DE2DA1339F93AA3575AC0A9679C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sether-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sether_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sether_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDow2009" class="citation book cs1">Dow, Charles (March 30, 2009). Laura Sether (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0_0c6ETLK7EC&pg=PA2"><i>Dow Theory Unplugged: Charles Dow's Original Editorials and Their Relevance</i></a>. W&A Publishing. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1934354094" title="Special:BookSources/978-1934354094"><bdi>978-1934354094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dow+Theory+Unplugged%3A+Charles+Dow%27s+Original+Editorials+and+Their+Relevance&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=W%26A+Publishing&rft.date=2009-03-30&rft.isbn=978-1934354094&rft.aulast=Dow&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0_0c6ETLK7EC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loc.gov-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/May/djia.html">"DJIA: This Month in Business History (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress)"</a>. <i>www.loc.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025115925/https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/May/djia.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft.atitle=DJIA%3A+This+Month+in+Business+History+%28Business+Reference+Services%2C+Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fbusiness%2Fbusinesshistory%2FMay%2Fdjia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dowjones.com/TheCompany/History/History.htm">DOW JONES HISTORY – THE LATE 1800s</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114143257/http://www.dowjones.com/TheCompany/History/History.htm">Archived</a> November 14, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2006 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved August 19, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1913/03/06/archives/wall-street-clerks-fight-new-stock-tax-employes-in-financial.html">"WALL STREET CLERKS FIGHT NEW STOCK TAX; Employes in Financial District, Including Waiters and Elevator Men, Enlisted in Movement"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 6, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024192553/https://www.nytimes.com/1913/03/06/archives/wall-street-clerks-fight-new-stock-tax-employes-in-financial.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WALL+STREET+CLERKS+FIGHT+NEW+STOCK+TAX%3B+Employes+in+Financial+District%2C+Including+Waiters+and+Elevator+Men%2C+Enlisted+in+Movement.&rft.date=1913-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1913%2F03%2F06%2Farchives%2Fwall-street-clerks-fight-new-stock-tax-employes-in-financial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1905/03/14/archives/wall-street-po-branch-postmaster-general-yields-to-request-of.html">"WALL STREET P.O. BRANCH.; Postmaster General Yields to Request of Financial District"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 14, 1905. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726103800/https://www.nytimes.com/1905/03/14/archives/wall-street-po-branch-postmaster-general-yields-to-request-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WALL+STREET+P.O.+BRANCH.%3B+Postmaster+General+Yields+to+Request+of+Financial+District.&rft.date=1905-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1905%2F03%2F14%2Farchives%2Fwall-street-po-branch-postmaster-general-yields-to-request-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1916/07/27/archives/show-girls-make-wall-street-raid-they-invade-financial-district-and.html">"SHOW GIRLS MAKE WALL STREET RAID; They Invade Financial District and Sell Tickets for Soldiers' Relief. BROKERS HARD TO CATCH Party Welcomed at Morgan Offices, but No Sales Were Made There"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 27, 1916. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726103825/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/07/27/archives/show-girls-make-wall-street-raid-they-invade-financial-district-and.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SHOW+GIRLS+MAKE+WALL+STREET+RAID%3B+They+Invade+Financial+District+and+Sell+Tickets+for+Soldiers%27+Relief.+BROKERS+HARD+TO+CATCH+Party+Welcomed+at+Morgan+Offices%2C+but+No+Sales+Were+Made+There.&rft.date=1916-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1916%2F07%2F27%2Farchives%2Fshow-girls-make-wall-street-raid-they-invade-financial-district-and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beverly Gage, <i>The Day Wall Street Exploded: A Story of America in its First Age of Terror.</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 2009; pp. 160-161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/09/17/archives/wall-street-night-turned-into-day-huge-throngs-jam-financial.html">"Wall Street Night Turned Into Day"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 17, 1920. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108094614/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/09/17/archives/wall-street-night-turned-into-day-huge-throngs-jam-financial.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wall+Street+Night+Turned+Into+Day&rft.date=1920-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F09%2F17%2Farchives%2Fwall-street-night-turned-into-day-huge-throngs-jam-financial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1921/12/19/archives/detectives-guard-wall-st-against-new-bomb-outrage-entire-financial.html">"DETECTIVES GUARD WALL ST. 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He recalls the extraordinary events that nearly bankrupted America – and how it's bouncing back"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032919/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/oct/07/farewell-to-wall-street-us-financial-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Farewell+to+Wall+Street%3A+After+four+years+as+US+business+correspondent%2C+Andrew+Clark+is+heading+home.+He+recalls+the+extraordinary+events+that+nearly+bankrupted+America+%E2%80%93+and+how+it%27s+bouncing+back&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2010%2Foct%2F07%2Ffarewell-to-wall-street-us-financial-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr20080317-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr20080317_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr20080317_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr20080317_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInskeepZarroli2008" class="citation news cs1">Inskeep, Steve; Zarroli, Jim (March 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88379863">"Federal Reserve Bolsters Wall Street Banks"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Federal+Reserve+Bolsters+Wall+Street+Banks&rft.date=2008-03-17&rft.aulast=Inskeep&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Zarroli%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D88379863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster" class="citation web cs1">Foster, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bankrate.com/banking/federal-reserve/discount-window-banks-borrow-from-fed/">"Fed's Discount Window: How Banks Borrow Money From The U.S. Central Bank"</a>. <i>Bankrate</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020055/https://www.bankrate.com/banking/federal-reserve/discount-window-banks-borrow-from-fed/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bankrate&rft.atitle=Fed%27s+Discount+Window%3A+How+Banks+Borrow+Money+From+The+U.S.+Central+Bank&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankrate.com%2Fbanking%2Ffederal-reserve%2Fdiscount-window-banks-borrow-from-fed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoler2007" class="citation news cs1">Stoler, Michael (June 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806133239/https://www.nysun.com/real-estate/refashioned-financial-district-is-booming-with/57476/">"Refashioned: Financial District Is Booming With Business"</a>. <i>New York Sun</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Refashioned%3A+Financial+District+Is+Booming+With+Business&rft.date=2007-06-28&rft.aulast=Stoler&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Freal-estate%2Frefashioned-financial-district-is-booming-with%2F57476%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Jill (June 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/wall-street-reform-a-summary-of-whats-in-the-bill/">"Wall Street Reform: A Summary of What's In the Bill"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018235232/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20008835-503544.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wall+Street+Reform%3A+A+Summary+of+What%27s+In+the+Bill&rft.date=2010-06-25&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fwall-street-reform-a-summary-of-whats-in-the-bill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moynihan_2011-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moynihan_2011_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihan2011" class="citation web cs1">Moynihan, Colin (September 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/wall-street-protest-begins-with-demonstrators-blocked/">"Wall Street Protest Begins, With Demonstrators Blocked"</a>. <i>City Room</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322204843/https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/wall-street-protest-begins-with-demonstrators-blocked/">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Throughout the afternoon hundreds of demonstrators gathered in parks and plazas in Lower Manhattan. They held teach-ins, engaged in discussion and debate and waved signs with messages like "Democracy Not Corporatization" or "Revoke Corporate Personhood."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Room&rft.atitle=Wall+Street+Protest+Begins%2C+With+Demonstrators+Blocked&rft.date=2011-09-27&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fcityroom.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F17%2Fwall-street-protest-begins-with-demonstrators-blocked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sandy-keeps-financial-markets-closed-tuesday/">"Sandy keeps financial markets closed Tuesday"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. October 30, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618160806/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sandy-keeps-financial-markets-closed-tuesday/">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Sandy+keeps+financial+markets+closed+Tuesday&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsandy-keeps-financial-markets-closed-tuesday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White_2010-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2010_52-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillenskyLeadon2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a>; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a></i> (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7"><bdi>978-0-19538-386-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19538-386-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rft.au=Leadon%2C+Fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/66000095.pdf">"Historic Structures Report: Federal Hall"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. October 15, 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/66000095.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Structures+Report%3A+Federal+Hall&rft.pub=National+Register+of+Historic+Places%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=1966-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2FNARAprodstorage%2Flz%2Felectronic-records%2Frg-079%2FNPS_NY%2F66000095.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0047.pdf">"United States Custom House"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. December 21, 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0047.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Custom+House&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1965-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F0047.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0887.pdf">"Federal Hall Interior"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. May 27, 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0887.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Hall+Interior&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1975-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F0887.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/72000872.pdf">"Historic Structures Report: National City Bank Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Structures+Report%3A+National+City+Bank+Building&rft.pub=National+Register+of+Historic+Places%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=1999-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2FNARAprodstorage%2Flz%2Felectronic-records%2Frg-079%2FNPS_NY%2F72000872.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0040.pdf">"National City Bank Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. December 21, 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0040.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+City+Bank+Building&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1965-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F0040.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1979.pdf">"National City Bank Building Interior"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. January 12, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1979.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+City+Bank+Building+Interior&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1999-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1979.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1949.pdf">"Bankers Trust Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. June 24, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1949.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bankers+Trust+Building&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1997-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1949.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/72000874.pdf">"Historic Structures Report: 23 Wall Street Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. June 19, 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/72000874.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Structures+Report%3A+23+Wall+Street+Building&rft.pub=National+Register+of+Historic+Places%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=1972-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2FNARAprodstorage%2Flz%2Felectronic-records%2Frg-079%2FNPS_NY%2F72000874.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0039.pdf">"J. P. Morgan & Co. Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. December 21, 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0039.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.+P.+Morgan+%26+Co.+Building&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1965-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F0039.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/03000847.pdf">"Historic Structures Report: Bank of New York & Trust Company Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. August 28, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/03000847.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Structures+Report%3A+Bank+of+New+York+%26+Trust+Company+Building&rft.pub=National+Register+of+Historic+Places%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2003-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2FNARAprodstorage%2Flz%2Felectronic-records%2Frg-079%2FNPS_NY%2F03000847.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2025.pdf">"Bank of New York & Trust Company Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. October 13, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2025.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 16, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/00000577.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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December 12, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1936.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 6, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2029.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Barclays has just completed new headquarters on Wall Street</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=British+companies+find+it+hard+to+cut+big+South+African+stakes&rft.date=1987-03-12&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1987%2F0312%2Ffmark12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalpukas1984" class="citation news cs1">Salpukas, Agis (April 12, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/12/business/barclay-s-will-build-a-headquarters-on-wall-st.html">"Barclay's Will Build a Headquarters on Wall St"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226193445/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/12/business/barclay-s-will-build-a-headquarters-on-wall-st.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Deutsche+Bank+Is+Moving+To+Lower+Manhattan+Tower&rft.date=2002-12-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bagli&rft.aufirst=Charles+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F12%2F06%2Fnyregion%2Fdeutsche-bank-is-moving-to-lower-manhattan-tower.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327112731/http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf">"2013 WFE Market Highlights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html">the original</a> on June 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYSE+Listings+Directory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fabout%2Flisted%2Flc_ny_overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/global-stock-market-capitalization-chart-2014-11?IR=T">"The NYSE Makes Stock Exchanges Around The World Look Tiny"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126114852/http://www.businessinsider.com/global-stock-market-capitalization-chart-2014-11?IR=T">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+NYSE+Makes+Stock+Exchanges+Around+The+World+Look+Tiny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fglobal-stock-market-capitalization-chart-2014-11%3FIR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.zacks.com/new-york-stock-exchange-largest-stock-market-world-5426.html">"Is the New York Stock Exchange the Largest Stock Market in the World?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126160825/http://finance.zacks.com/new-york-stock-exchange-largest-stock-market-world-5426.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+the+New+York+Stock+Exchange+the+Largest+Stock+Market+in+the+World%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.zacks.com%2Fnew-york-stock-exchange-largest-stock-market-world-5426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/market-cap">"NYSE Total Market Cap"</a>. <i>www.nyse.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212070521/https://www.nyse.com/market-cap">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nyse.com&rft.atitle=NYSE+Total+Market+Cap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fmarket-cap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2022" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Huw (March 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/">"New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611064943/https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+York+widens+lead+over+London+in+top+finance+centres+index&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20080726-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20080726_72-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGeehan2008" class="citation news cs1">McGeehan, Patrick (July 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/nyregion/26pay.html">"City and State Brace for Drop in Wall Street Pay"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024221802/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/nyregion/26pay.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+and+State+Brace+for+Drop+in+Wall+Street+Pay&rft.date=2008-07-26&rft.aulast=McGeehan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F26%2Fnyregion%2F26pay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2020" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Huw (January 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE">"New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127114217/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-banks/new-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+surges+ahead+of+Brexit-shadowed+London+in+finance%3A+survey&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-survey-banks%2Fnew-york-surges-ahead-of-brexit-shadowed-london-in-finance-survey-idUSKBN1ZQ0BE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2018" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Huw (September 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-markets/united-states-top-britain-second-in-financial-activity-think-tank-idUSKCN1LK2TM">"United States top, Britain second in financial activity: think-tank"</a>. Thomson Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031103124/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-survey-markets/united-states-top-britain-second-in-financial-activity-think-tank-idUSKCN1LK2TM">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+top%2C+Britain+second+in+financial+activity%3A+think-tank&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters&rft.date=2018-09-04&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-survey-markets%2Funited-states-top-britain-second-in-financial-activity-think-tank-idUSKCN1LK2TM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorida2015" class="citation news cs1">Florida, Richard (March 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citylab.com/work/2015/03/sorry-london-new-york-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/386315/">"Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. The Atlantic Monthly Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314002727/http://www.citylab.com/work/2015/03/sorry-london-new-york-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/386315/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2015</span>. <q>Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Sorry%2C+London%3A+New+York+Is+the+World%27s+Most+Economically+Powerful+City&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft.aulast=Florida&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citylab.com%2Fwork%2F2015%2F03%2Fsorry-london-new-york-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city%2F386315%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8">"Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S."</a> Business Insider, Inc. July 31, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016233339/http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+8+Cities+by+GDP%3A+China+vs.+The+U.S.&rft.pub=Business+Insider%2C+Inc&rft.date=2011-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftop-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327052843/http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2">"PAL sets introductory fares to New York"</a>. Philippine Airlines. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philippineairlines.com/news-and-events/pal-advises-passengers-come-airport-early-2/">the original</a> on March 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Reversal+of+Fortunes%2C+City+Takes+a+New+Look+at+Wall+Street&rft.date=2009-02-22&rft.aulast=McGeehan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F02%2F23%2Fnyregion%2F23wall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimmons2006" class="citation news cs1">Timmons, Heather (October 27, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/27/business/worldbusiness/27london.html">"New York Isn't the World's Undisputed Financial Capital"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029172402/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/27/business/worldbusiness/27london.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WALL+STREET+BANKS+CONNECTING+UPTOWN%3B+Financial+District+Notes+This+as+American+Exchange+National+Buys+Into+the+Pacific.&rft.date=1911-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1911%2F05%2F27%2Farchives%2Fwall-street-banks-connecting-uptown-financial-district-notes-this.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Heidi N. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYSE+special+closings+since+1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fpdfs%2Fclosings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves" class="citation web cs1">Reeves, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.movie-locations.com/movies/d/Dark-Knight-Rises.php">"Filming Locations for Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises (2012), with Christian Bale, in New York, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles, the UK and India"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126161840/https://www.movie-locations.com/movies/d/Dark-Knight-Rises.php">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filming+Locations+for+Christopher+Nolan%27s+The+Dark+Knight+Rises+%282012%29%2C+with+Christian+Bale%2C+in+New+York%2C+Pittsburgh%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+the+UK+and+India.&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-locations.com%2Fmovies%2Fd%2FDark-Knight-Rises.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/ray-dalio/">"Ray Dalio"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606093421/http://www.forbes.com/profile/ray-dalio/">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Ray+Dalio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fray-dalio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2009/1/2009_1_52.shtml">John Steele Gordon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102180816/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2009/1/2009_1_52.shtml">Archived</a> January 2, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Wall Street's 10 Most Notorious Stock Traders," <i>American Heritage</i>, Spring 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-submap-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-submap_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-submap_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-submap_111-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.mta.info/map/5256">"Subway Map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subway+Map&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.date=2021-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew.mta.info%2Fmap%2F5256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWall+Street" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Atwood, Albert W. and Erickson, Erling A. "Morgan, John Pierpont, (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913)," in <i>Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 7</i> (1934)</li> <li>Caplan, Sheri J. <i>Petticoats and Pinstripes: Portraits of Women in Wall Street's History</i>. Praeger, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-0265-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-0265-2">978-1-4408-0265-2</a></li> <li>Carosso, Vincent P. <i>The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854–1913.</i> Harvard University Press, 1987. 888 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-58729-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-58729-8">978-0-674-58729-8</a></li> <li>Carosso, Vincent P. <i>Investment Banking in America: A History</i> Harvard University Press (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Chernow" title="Ron Chernow">Chernow, Ron</a>. <i>The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance</i>, (2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3829-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3829-2">0-8021-3829-2</a></li> <li>Fraser, Steve. <i>Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life</i> HarperCollins (2005)</li> <li>Geisst, Charles R. <i>Wall Street: A History from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron.</i> Oxford University Press, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104746636">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701235439/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104746636">Archived</a> July 1, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Jaffe, Stephen H. & Lautin, Jessica. <i>Capital of Capital: Money, Banking, and Power in New York City, 1784–2012</i> (2014)</li> <li>Moody, John. <i>The Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street</i> Yale University Press, (1921) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersofcapitaljohn00moodiala">online edition</a></li> <li>Morris, Charles R. <i>The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy</i> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8134-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8134-3">978-0-8050-8134-3</a></li> <li>Perkins, Edwin J. <i>Wall Street to Main Street: Charles Merrill and Middle-class Investors</i> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobel" title="Robert Sobel">Sobel, Robert</a>. <i>The Big Board: A History of the New York Stock Market</i> (1962)</li> <li>Sobel, Robert. <i>The Great Bull Market: Wall Street in the 1920s</i> (1968)</li> <li>Sobel, Robert. <i>Inside Wall Street: Continuity & Change in the Financial District</i> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Strouse" title="Jean Strouse">Strouse, Jean</a>. <i>Morgan: American Financier.</i> Random House, 1999. 796 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-46275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-46275-0">978-0-679-46275-0</a></li> <li>Finkelman, Paul. <i>Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the present.</i> Oxford University Press Inc, (2009)</li> <li>Kindleberger, Charles. <i>The world in Depression 1929–1939.</i> Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steele_Gordon" title="John Steele Gordon">Gordon, John Steele</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game:_The_Emergence_of_Wall_Street_as_a_World_Power:_1653%E2%80%932000" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653–2000">The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653–2000</a></i>. Scribner, (1999)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_Street&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096941587">.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error code{font-size:inherit;font-weight:normal;border:0}.mw-parser-output .kmldata,.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-wikidata{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wall_Street" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Wall Street">Wall Street</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wall_Street" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wall Street">Wall Street</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysonglines.com/wall.htm">New York Songlines: Wall Street</a>, a virtual walking tour</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan_streets" title="Template talk:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan_streets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Streets_of_Manhattan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Streets in Manhattan">Streets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Commissioners' Plan of 1811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eponymous_streets_in_New_York_City" title="List of eponymous streets in New York City">List of eponymous streets in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan" title="List of numbered streets in Manhattan">List of numbered streets in Manhattan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North–south</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major avenues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">1st Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">2nd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">3rd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Avenue" title="Sixth Avenue">6th Av (Av of the Americas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">7th Av (Fashion Av)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">8th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">9th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">10th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">11th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">12th Av</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Pearl Street (Manhattan)">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Street_(Manhattan)" title="William Street (Manhattan)">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Alley" title="Theatre Alley">Theatre Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Street" title="Whitehall Street">Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Canyon of Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_(Manhattan)" title="State Street (Manhattan)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="West Street">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Street" title="Allen Street">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Street" title="Allen Street">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baxter Street (Manhattan)">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Market_Place" title="Centre Market Place">Centre Market Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Centre Street (Manhattan)">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Division Street (Manhattan)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystie_Street" title="Chrystie Street">Chrystie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenties_Slip" title="Coenties Slip">Coenties Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Street" title="Eldridge Street">Eldridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Elizabeth Street (Manhattan)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Street" title="Essex Street">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Street" title="Forsyth Street">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Street" title="Lafayette Street">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyers_Street" title="Doyers Street">Doyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivington_Street" title="Rivington Street">Rivington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Street" title="Ludlow Street">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott_Street" title="Mott Street">Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Mulberry Street (Manhattan)">Mulberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Street" title="Orchard Street">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_(Manhattan)" title="Park Row (Manhattan)">Park Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Spring Street (Manhattan)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_West_Side,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower West Side, Manhattan">Lower West Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Alley" title="Cortlandt Alley">Cortlandt Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Trinity Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Street" title="Greenwich Street">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Hudson Street (Manhattan)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Street" title="Jones Street">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDougal_Street" title="MacDougal Street">MacDougal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchin_Place" title="Patchin Place">Patchin Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Street" title="Sullivan Street">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Gay Street (Manhattan)">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Thompson Street (Manhattan)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varick_Street" title="Varick Street">Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Washington Street (Manhattan)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broadway" title="West Broadway">W Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broadway" title="West Broadway">LaGuardia Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weehawken_Street" title="Weehawken Street">Weehawken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">West Side Hwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bank Street (Manhattan)">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Thirteenth Avenue (Manhattan)">13th Av</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_D_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue D (Manhattan)">Ave D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_C_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue C (Manhattan)">Ave C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_B_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue B (Manhattan)">Ave B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_A_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue A (Manhattan)">Ave A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_A_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue A (Manhattan)">Asser Levy Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_Place" title="Taras Shevchenko Place">Shevchenko Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Irving Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">4th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Union Square E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Av S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Place_(Manhattan)" title="University Place (Manhattan)">University Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Place_(Manhattan)" title="University Place (Manhattan)">Union Square W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Av Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tunnel_(roadway)" title="Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway)">Park Av Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue" title="Vanderbilt Avenue">Vanderbilt Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Plaza">Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%C2%BD_Avenue" title="6½ Avenue">6½ Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Great White Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Alley" title="Shubert Alley">Shubert Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Avenue" title="Dyer Avenue">Dyer Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Boulevard" title="Hudson Boulevard">Hudson Blvd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East</a> / <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_B_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue B (Manhattan)">East End Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">York Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Museum Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Drive (Manhattan)">East Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Center Drive (Manhattan)">Center Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Drive (Manhattan)">West Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Central Park W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">West End Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Dr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Wash. Hts.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Avenue" title="Pleasant Avenue">Pleasant Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Av (Malcolm X Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Powell Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Douglass Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Drive (Manhattan)">Morningside Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Avenue" title="Audubon Avenue">Audubon Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Avenue" title="St. Nicholas Avenue">St. Nicholas Av (Duarte Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Avenue" title="Claremont Avenue">Claremont Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue" title="Fort Washington Avenue">Ft. Washington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrini_Boulevard" title="Cabrini Boulevard">Cabrini Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Place" title="Sylvan Place">Sylvan Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F._Tiemann#Legacy" title="Daniel F. Tiemann">Tiemann Pl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East–west</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bridge Street (Manhattan)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Stone Street (Manhattan)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketfield_Street" title="Marketfield Street">Marketfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Beaver Street (Manhattan)">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Place_(Manhattan)" title="Exchange Place (Manhattan)">Exchange Pl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Albany Street (Manhattan)">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Street (Manhattan)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cortlandt Street (Manhattan)">Cortlandt St/Wy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_Lane_(Manhattan)" title="Maiden Lane (Manhattan)">Maiden La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey_Street" title="Dey Street">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Fulton Street (Manhattan)">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesey_Street" title="Vesey Street">Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Ann Street (Manhattan)">Ann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Downtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Street" title="Spruce Street">Spruce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Street" title="Roosevelt Street">Roosevelt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Chambers Street (Manhattan)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="East Broadway (Manhattan)">E Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Henry Street (Manhattan)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Madison Street (Manhattan)">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Street" title="Worth Street">Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moore_Street" title="North Moore Street">N Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_Street" title="Broome Street">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Canal Street (Manhattan)">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Hester Street (Manhattan)">Hester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Street (Manhattan)">Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delancey_Street" title="Delancey Street">Delancey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Street" title="Stanton Street">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Street" title="Houston Street">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandam_Street" title="Vandam Street">Vandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleecker_Street" title="Bleecker Street">Bleecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bond Street (Manhattan)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Jones_Street" title="Great Jones Street">Great Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="4th Street (Manhattan)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Place" title="Waverly Place">Waverly Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Place" title="Waverly Place">Washington Square N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Place" title="Astor Place">Astor Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Mews" title="Washington Mews">Washington Mews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Street" title="Stuyvesant Street">Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDougal_Street" title="MacDougal Street">Macdougal Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place" title="8th Street and St. Mark's Place">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place" title="8th Street and St. Mark's Place">St. Mark's Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Avenue" title="Greenwich Avenue">Greenwich Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Street" title="Christopher Street">Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Charles Street (Manhattan)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="14th Street (Manhattan)">14th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="23rd Street (Manhattan)">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="34th Street (Manhattan)">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott_Way" title="George Abbott Way">45th (George Abbott Way)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd (Swing Alley / St of Jazz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th (Central Park S)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Uptown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th / Peter Jennings Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">72nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="74th Street (Manhattan)">74th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="86th Street (Manhattan)">86th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="89th Street (Manhattan)">89th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="93rd Street (Manhattan)">93rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="95th Street (Manhattan)">95th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">96th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="110th Street (Manhattan)">110th (Cathedral Pkwy / Central Park N)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="116th Street (Manhattan)">116th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="125th Street (Manhattan)">125th (Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Row" title="Astor Row">130th (Astor Row)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="132nd Street (Manhattan)">132nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/133rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="133rd Street (Manhattan)">133rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Historic_District" title="St. Nicholas Historic District">139th (Strivers' Row)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="145th Street (Manhattan)">145th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="155th Street (Manhattan)">155th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogardus_Place" title="Bogardus Place">Bogardus Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyckman_Street" title="Dyckman Street">Dyckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Lafayette" title="Plaza Lafayette">Plaza Lafayette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intersections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Square" title="Chatham Square">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Square" title="Cooper Square">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Square" title="Duarte Square">Duarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_Square" title="Duffy Square">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Square_(Manhattan)" title="Hanover Square (Manhattan)">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Park" title="St. John's Park">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_Park" title="Jackson Square Park">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park" title="Madison Square and Madison Square Park">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulry_Square" title="Mulry Square">Mulry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square,_Manhattan" title="Pershing Square, Manhattan">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosino_Square" title="Petrosino Square">Petrosino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_Square_Park" title="Tompkins Square Park">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate streets no longer in existence.</li> <li>All entries are streets, circles, or squares unless otherwise noted</li> <li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_address_algorithm" title="Manhattan address algorithm">Manhattan address algorithm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Financial_District" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Template:Financial District, Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Financial District, Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Financial District, Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Financial_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West of Broadway/<br />State Street</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Broadway" title="1 Broadway">1 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_West_Street" title="21 West Street">21 West Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65_Broadway" title="65 Broadway">65 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_West_Street" title="90 West Street">90 West Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88_Greenwich_Street" title="88 Greenwich Street">88 Greenwich Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=94_Greenwich_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="94 Greenwich Street (page does not exist)">94 Greenwich Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125_Greenwich_Street" title="125 Greenwich Street">125 Greenwich Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130_Cedar_Street" title="130 Cedar Street">130 Cedar Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/195_Broadway" title="195 Broadway">195 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="American Stock Exchange Building">American Stock Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclay%E2%80%93Vesey_Building" title="Barclay–Vesey Building">Barclay–Vesey Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_Offices_Building" title="Bowling Green Offices Building">Bowling Green Offices Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Pier_A" title="City Pier A">City Pier A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Cunard Building (New York City)">Cunard Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Athletic_Club" title="Downtown Athletic Club">Downtown Athletic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Empire Building (Manhattan)">Empire Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehouse,_Engine_Company_10_and_Ladder_Company_10" title="Firehouse, Engine Company 10 and Ladder Company 10">Firehouse, Engine Company 10 and Ladder Company 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_House" title="James Watson House">James Watson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_County_Lawyers%27_Association_Building" title="New York County Lawyers' Association Building">New York County Lawyers' Association Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_York_Evening_Post_Building" title="Old New York Evening Post Building">Old New York Evening Post Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_and_Anne_Dickey_House" title="Robert and Anne Dickey House">Robert and Anne Dickey House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Syrian_Catholic_Church" title="St. George's Syrian Catholic Church">St. George's Syrian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Chapel" title="St. Paul's Chapel">St. Paul's Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Peter's Church (Manhattan)">St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Transportation Building (Manhattan)">Transportation Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_and_United_States_Realty_Buildings" title="Trinity and United States Realty Buildings">Trinity and United States Realty Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Court_Building" title="Trinity Court Building">Trinity Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Building" title="Whitehall Building">Whitehall Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="World Trade Center (2001–present)">World Trade Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_World_Trade_Center" title="2 World Trade Center">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_World_Trade_Center" title="3 World Trade Center">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_World_Trade_Center" title="4 World Trade Center">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_World_Trade_Center" title="7 World Trade Center">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perelman_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Perelman Performing Arts Center">Perelman Performing Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Greek_Orthodox_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)">St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_Security_Center" title="Vehicular Security Center">Vehicular Security Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_World_Trade_Center" title="Westfield World Trade Center">Westfield Mall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of Broadway/<br />State Street</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Hanover_Square" title="1 Hanover Square">1 Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_New_York_Plaza" title="1 New York Plaza">1 New York Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street" title="1 Wall Street">1 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street_Court" title="1 Wall Street Court">1 Wall Street Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_William_Street" title="1 William Street">1 William Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Broadway" title="2 Broadway">2 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_New_York_Plaza" title="2 New York Plaza">2 New York Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Beekman_Street" title="5 Beekman Street">5 Beekman Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_Wall_Street" title="14 Wall Street">14 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Broad_Street" title="15 Broad Street">15 Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_William" title="15 William">15 William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_State_Street" title="17 State Street">17 State Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_Dutch" title="19 Dutch">19 Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Exchange_Place" title="20 Exchange Place">20 Exchange Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_Wall_Street" title="23 Wall Street">23 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Water_Street" title="25 Water Street">25 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_Broadway" title="26 Broadway">26 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_Liberty_Street" title="28 Liberty Street">28 Liberty Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_Old_Slip" title="32 Old Slip">32 Old Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37_Wall_Street" title="37 Wall Street">37 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45_Broad_Street" title="45 Broad Street">45 Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48_Wall_Street" title="48 Wall Street">48 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52_Broadway" title="52 Broadway">52 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Broad_Street" title="55 Broad Street">55 Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Wall_Street" title="55 Wall Street">55 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Water_Street" title="55 Water Street">55 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56_Beaver_Street" title="56 Beaver Street">56 Beaver Street (Delmonico's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56_Pine_Street" title="56 Pine Street">56 Pine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60_Wall_Street" title="60 Wall Street">60 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63_Wall_Street" title="63 Wall Street">63 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63_Nassau_Street" title="63 Nassau Street">63 Nassau Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70_Pine_Street" title="70 Pine Street">70 Pine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Wall_Street" title="75 Wall Street">75 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90%E2%80%9394_Maiden_Lane" title="90–94 Maiden Lane">90–94 Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/116_John_Street" title="116 John Street">116 John Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_Wall_Street" title="120 Wall Street">120 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130_William" title="130 William">130 William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/140_Broadway" title="140 Broadway">140 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150_Nassau_Street" title="150 Nassau Street">150 Nassau Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161_Maiden_Lane" title="161 Maiden Lane">161 Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161_Water_Street" title="161 Water Street">161 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/170%E2%80%93176_John_Street" title="170–176 John Street">170–176 John Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/250_Water_Street" title="250 Water Street">250 Water Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_U.S._Custom_House" title="Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House">Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Bank_Note_Company_Building" title="American Bank Note Company Building">American Bank Note Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Surety_Building" title="American Surety Building">American Surety Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Bennett Building (New York City)">Bennett Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Exchange_Building" title="Broad Exchange Building">Broad Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Chamber of Commerce Building (Manhattan)">Chamber of Commerce Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Bank_Building" title="Continental Bank Building">Continental Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Center_(New_York_City)" title="Continental Center (New York City)">Continental Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbin_Building" title="Corbin Building">Corbin Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Town_Association" title="Down Town Association">Down Town Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Equitable Building (Manhattan)">Equitable Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excelsior_Power_Company_Building" title="Excelsior Power Company Building">Excelsior Power Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_New_York_Building" title="Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building">Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Insurance_Plaza" title="Home Insurance Plaza">Home Insurance Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Street_Methodist_Church" title="John Street Methodist Church">John Street Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keuffel_%26_Esser_Company_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keuffel & Esser Company Building (page does not exist)">Keuffel & Esser Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee,_Higginson_%26_Company_Bank_Building" title="Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building">Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Tower (Manhattan)">Liberty Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_Building" title="Morse Building">Morse Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Museum" title="New York City Police Museum">New York City Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building_(41_Park_Row)" title="New York Times Building (41 Park Row)">New York Times Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_Building" title="Park Row Building">Park Row Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Building" title="Potter Building">Potter Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Alexander Macomb House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_House" title="Astor House">Astor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum" title="Barnum's American Museum">Barnum's American Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Building" title="Blair Building">Blair Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="City Hotel (Manhattan)">City Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Investing_Building" title="City Investing Building">City Investing Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Life_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Equitable Life Building (Manhattan)">Equitable Life Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillender_Building" title="Gillender Building">Gillender Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilsey_Building" title="Gilsey Building">Gilsey Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_National_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover National Building">Hanover National Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Howard Hotel (New York City)">Howard Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemble_Building" title="Kemble Building">Kemble Building</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knickerbocker_Trust_Company_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knickerbocker Trust Company Building (page does not exist)">Knickerbocker Trust Company Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Life_Insurance_Building" title="Manhattan Life Insurance Building">Manhattan Life Insurance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Mills Building (New York City)">Mills Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Building" title="Mortimer Building">Mortimer Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Produce_Exchange" title="New York Produce Exchange">New York Produce Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune_Building" title="New York Tribune Building">New York Tribune Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_World_Building" title="New York World Building">New York World Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_Station" title="Pearl Street Station">Pearl Street Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Building" title="St. Paul Building">St. Paul Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Building" title="Singer Building">Singer Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadt_Huys_Site" title="Stadt Huys Site">Stadt Huys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontine_Coffee_House" title="Tontine Coffee House">Tontine Coffee House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Tower Building (New York City)">Tower Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_Telegraph_Building" title="Western Union Telegraph Building">Western Union Telegraph Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_World_Trade_Center" title="Marriott World Trade Center">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_World_Trade_Center_(1975%E2%80%932001)" title="4 World Trade Center (1975–2001)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_World_Trade_Center_(1970%E2%80%932001)" title="5 World Trade Center (1970–2001)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_World_Trade_Center" title="6 World Trade Center">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_World_Trade_Center_(1987%E2%80%932001)" title="7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)">7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_points_of_interest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other points of interest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charging_Bull" title="Charging Bull">Charging Bull</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Chalet" title="China Chalet">China Chalet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fearless_Girl" title="Fearless Girl">Fearless Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_(French)" title="Four Continents (French)">Four Continents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sphere" title="The Sphere">The Sphere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial_(New_York_City)" title="Titanic Memorial (New York City)"><i>Titanic</i> Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and plazas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_J._Tobin_Plaza" title="Austin J. Tobin Plaza">Austin J. Tobin Plaza‎‎</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">The Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Bowling Green (New York City)">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_H._Berger_Plaza" title="Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza">Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Park" title="Hudson River Park">Hudson River Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Playground" title="Imagination Playground">Imagination Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Park" title="Liberty Park">Liberty Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson_Plaza" title="Louise Nevelson Plaza">Louise Nevelson Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_September_11th_Garden" title="Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden">Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Plaza" title="Vietnam Veterans Plaza">Vietnam Veterans Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brasserie_Les_Halles" title="Brasserie Les Halles">Brasserie Les Halles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Chalet" title="China Chalet">China Chalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Shy" title="Crown Shy">Crown Shy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmonico%27s" title="Delmonico's">Delmonico's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfe%27s_Chop_House" title="Rolfe's Chop House">Rolfe's Chop House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(restaurant)" title="Saga (restaurant)">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Rabbit" title="The Dead Rabbit">The Dead Rabbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" title="High School of Economics and Finance">High School of Economics and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_and_Public_Service_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership and Public Service High School">Leadership and Public Service High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_Manhattan_Preparatory_School" title="Léman Manhattan Preparatory School">Léman Manhattan Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="Millennium High School (New York City)">Millennium High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Academy" title="New York Film Academy">New York Film Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Street_School_New_York" title="Pine Street School New York">Pine Street School New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Institute" title="China Institute">China Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center" title="George Gustav Heye Center">George Gustav Heye Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmuseumm" title="Mmuseumm">Mmuseumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_American_Finance" title="Museum of American Finance">Museum of American Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Jewish_Heritage" title="Museum of Jewish Heritage">Museum of Jewish Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Museum" title="New York City Police Museum">New York City Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper_Museum" title="Skyscraper Museum">Skyscraper Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Seaport" title="South Street Seaport">South Street Seaport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_station" title="Bowling Green station">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_station_(BMT_Nassau_Street_Line)" title="Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line)">Broad Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_station_(New_York_City_Subway)" title="Fulton Street station (New York City Subway)">Fulton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Rector Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Rector St/Greenwich St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="Rector Street station (BMT Broadway Line)">Rector St/Trinity Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ferry/Whitehall_Street_station" title="South Ferry/Whitehall Street station">South Ferry/Whitehall St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Wall St/William St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)">Wall St/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTC_Cortlandt_station" title="WTC Cortlandt station">WTC Cortlandt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_station_(PATH)" title="World Trade Center station (PATH)">World Trade Center</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ferries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pier_11/Wall_Street" title="Pier 11/Wall Street">Pier 11/Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ferry_(Manhattan)" title="South Ferry (Manhattan)">South Ferry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building" title="Battery Maritime Building">Battery Maritime Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry_Whitehall_Terminal" title="Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal">Whitehall Terminal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Manhattan_Heliport" title="Downtown Manhattan Heliport">Downtown Manhattan Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Skyport" title="Wall Street Skyport">Wall Street Skyport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Albany Street (Manhattan)">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Beaver Street (Manhattan)">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bridge Street (Manhattan)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Church/Trinity Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cortlandt Street (Manhattan)">Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey_Street" title="Dey Street">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Place_(Manhattan)" title="Exchange Place (Manhattan)">Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Fulton Street (Manhattan)">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Street" title="Greenwich Street">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Street_(Manhattan)" title="John Street (Manhattan)">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Street (Manhattan)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_Lane_(Manhattan)" title="Maiden Lane (Manhattan)">Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketfield_Street" title="Marketfield Street">Marketfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Pearl Street (Manhattan)">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Street" title="Spruce Street">Spruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_(Manhattan)" title="State Street (Manhattan)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Stone Street (Manhattan)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Alley" title="Theatre Alley">Theatre Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesey_Street" title="Vesey Street">Vesey/Ann</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Washington Street (Manhattan)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Street" title="Whitehall Street">Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Street_(Manhattan)" title="William Street (Manhattan)">William</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">Manhattan Community Board 1</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in 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title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wallstreet New York, NY"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4122710-4">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wall Street (New York, N.Y.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1086261925">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85144918">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120192560">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120192560">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628259">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wall Street (New York)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge517871&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000071304&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548861305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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