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<li id="toc-Notable_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Notable events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Official holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Trading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Trading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Trading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Floor_seats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floor_seats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Floor seats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floor_seats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NYSE_Composite_Index" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NYSE_Composite_Index"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>NYSE Composite Index</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NYSE_Composite_Index-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger,_acquisition,_and_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger,_acquisition,_and_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Merger, acquisition, and control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger,_acquisition,_and_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_and_closing_bells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_and_closing_bells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opening and closing bells</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opening_and_closing_bells-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opening and closing bells subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opening_and_closing_bells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_bell-ringers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_bell-ringers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Notable bell-ringers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_bell-ringers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New York Stock Exchange</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="بورصة نيويورك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورصة نيويورك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_de_Nueva_York" title="Bolsa de Nueva York – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bolsa de Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York_Fond_Birjas%C4%B1" title="Nyu-York Fond Birjası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyu-York Fond Birjası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="নিউ ইয়র্ক স্টক এক্সচেঞ্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউ ইয়র্ক স্টক এক্সচেঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Ch%C3%A8ng-k%C7%B9g_Kau-e%CC%8Dk-s%C3%B3%CD%98" title="New York Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New York Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Нью-Йорк фонд биржаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нью-Йорк фонд биржаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Нью-Ёркская фондавая біржа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нью-Ёркская фондавая біржа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%81%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Нью-Ёрская фондавая біржа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нью-Ёрская фондавая біржа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Нюйоркска фондова борса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нюйоркска фондова борса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsa_de_Nova_York" title="Borsa de Nova York – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Borsa de Nova York" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfnewidfa_Stoc_Efrog_Newydd" title="Cyfnewidfa Stoc Efrog Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfnewidfa Stoc Efrog Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorgi_b%C3%B6rs" title="New Yorgi börs – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="New Yorgi börs" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A5%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χρηματιστήριο της Νέας Υόρκης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρηματιστήριο της Νέας Υόρκης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_de_Nueva_York" title="Bolsa de Nueva York – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bolsa de Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novjorka_Borso" title="Novjorka Borso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novjorka Borso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkeko_burtsa" title="New Yorkeko burtsa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="New Yorkeko burtsa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="بورس نیویورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بورس نیویورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Ch%E1%B9%B3n-kh%C3%A8n_K%C3%A2u-yi-s%C3%B3" title="New York Chṳn-khèn Kâu-yi-só – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="New York Chṳn-khèn Kâu-yi-só" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95_%EC%A6%9D%EA%B6%8C%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98%EC%86%8C" title="뉴욕 증권거래소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴욕 증권거래소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB_%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Նյու Յորքի ֆոնդային բորսա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Յորքի ֆոնդային բորսա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यूयॉर्क शेयर बाज़ार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूयॉर्क शेयर बाज़ार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Efek_New_York" title="Bursa Efek New York – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bursa Efek New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauph%C3%B6llin_%C3%AD_New_York" title="Kauphöllin í New York – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kauphöllin í New York" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsa_di_New_York" title="Borsa di New York – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Borsa di New York" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="הבורסה לניירות ערך בניו יורק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבורסה לניירות ערך בניו יורק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Saham_New_York" title="Bursa Saham New York – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bursa Saham New York" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D" title="ನ್ಯೂಯಾರ್ಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ಚೇಂಜ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯೂಯಾರ್ಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ಚೇಂಜ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90" title="ნიუ-იორკის საფონდო ბირჟა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუ-იორკის საფონდო ბირჟა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Нью-Йорк қор биржасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нью-Йорк қор биржасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບນິວຢອກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບນິວຢອກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Novi_Eboraci" title="Bursa Novi Eboraci – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bursa Novi Eboraci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85ujorkas_fondu_bir%C5%BEa" title="Ņujorkas fondu birža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņujorkas fondu birža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niujorko_vertybini%C5%B3_popieri%C5%B3_bir%C5%BEa" title="Niujorko vertybinių popierių birža – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niujorko vertybinių popierių birža" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor%C5%BCa_ta%27_New_York" title="Borża ta' New York – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Borża ta' New York" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यू यॉर्क रोखे बाजार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू यॉर्क रोखे बाजार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-იორკიშ ოაქციე ოფაფური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიუ-იორკიშ ოაქციე ოფაფური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="بورصة نيو يورك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بورصة نيو يورك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Saham_New_York" title="Bursa Saham New York – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bursa Saham New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Нью-Йоркийн хөрөнгийн бирж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нью-Йоркийн хөрөнгийн бирж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="နယူးယောက် စတော့ခ် အိတ်ချိန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးယောက် စတော့ခ် အိတ်ချိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="न्युयोर्क स्टक एक्सचेन्ज – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्युयोर्क स्टक एक्सचेन्ज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E8%A8%BC%E5%88%B8%E5%8F%96%E5%BC%95%E6%89%80" title="ニューヨーク証券取引所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューヨーク証券取引所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York-b%C3%B8rsen" title="New York-børsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New York-børsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York-b%C3%B8rsen" title="New York-børsen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="New York-børsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_fond_birjasi" title="New York fond birjasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="New York fond birjasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C" title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ ਸਟਾਕ ਐਕਸਚੇਂਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ ਸਟਾਕ ਐਕਸਚੇਂਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores_de_Nova_Iorque" title="Bolsa de Valores de Nova Iorque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bolsa de Valores de Nova Iorque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Нью-Йоркская фондовая биржа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нью-Йоркская фондовая биржа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE" title="NYSE – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="NYSE" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchynge" title="New York Stock Exchynge – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="New York Stock Exchynge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newyor%C5%A1ka_borza" title="Newyorška borza – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Newyorška borza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="بۆرسەی نیۆیۆرک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆرسەی نیۆیۆرک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Њујоршка берза – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њујоршка берза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njujor%C5%A1ka_burza" title="Njujorška burza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njujorška burza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkin_p%C3%B6rssi" title="New Yorkin pörssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="New Yorkin pörssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="நியூயார்க் பங்குச் சந்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூயார்க் பங்குச் சந்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-York_fond_birjas%C4%B1" title="Nyu-York fond birjası – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Nyu-York fond birjası" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="ตลาดหลักทรัพย์นิวยอร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตลาดหลักทรัพย์นิวยอร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Menkul_K%C4%B1ymetler_Borsas%C4%B1" title="New York Menkul Kıymetler Borsası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New York Menkul Kıymetler Borsası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Нью-Йоркська фондова біржа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нью-Йоркська фондова біржа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC" title="نیویارک اسٹاک ایکسچینج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیویارک اسٹاک ایکسچینج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%9F_Giao_d%E1%BB%8Bch_Ch%E1%BB%A9ng_kho%C3%A1n_New_York" title="Sở Giao dịch Chứng khoán New York – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sở Giao dịch Chứng khoán New York" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="New York Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="纽约证券交易所 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纽约证券交易所" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="紐約證券交易所 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紐約證券交易所" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_York_Stock_Exchange&params=40_42_25_N_74_0_40_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°42′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°0′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.70694°N 74.01111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.70694; -74.01111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American stock exchange</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the stock exchange. For its parent company, see <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a>. For the headquarters building, see <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">New York Stock Exchange</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSE_Logo_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NYSE_Logo_2022.svg/220px-NYSE_Logo_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NYSE_Logo_2022.svg/330px-NYSE_Logo_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NYSE_Logo_2022.svg/440px-NYSE_Logo_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg/220px-New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg/330px-New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg/440px-New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_York_Stock_Exchange&params=40_42_25_N_74_0_40_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°42′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°0′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.70694°N 74.01111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.70694; -74.01111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">May 17, 1792<span class="noprint">; 232 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1792-05-17</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Sharon Bowen (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Martin_(banker)" title="Lynn Martin (banker)">Lynn Martin</a> (President)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of listings</th><td class="infobox-data">2,223 (July 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market cap</a></th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>28.33 <a href="/wiki/Trillion_(short_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion (short scale)">trillion</a> (July 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-WFE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Indices</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com">nyse.com</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13677#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>New York Stock Exchange</b> (<b>NYSE</b>, nicknamed "<b>The Big Board</b>")<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">largest stock exchange in the world</a> by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Largest_stock_markets_in_the_world_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Largest_stock_markets_in_the_world-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NYSE <a href="/wiki/Trading_room" title="Trading room">trading floor</a> is located at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a> on 11 <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> and 18 <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a> and is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>. A previous trading room, at <a href="/wiki/30_Broad_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="30 Broad Street">30 Broad Street</a>, was closed in February 2007. </p><p>The NYSE is owned by <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a>, an American holding company that it also lists (ticker symbol ICE). Previously, it was part of NYSE Euronext (NYX), which was formed by the NYSE's 2007 merger with <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sell_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll conducted in 2022, approximately 58% of American adults reported having money invested in the stock market, either through individual stocks, <a href="/wiki/Mutual_funds" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual funds">mutual funds</a>, or <a href="/wiki/401(k)" title="401(k)">retirement accounts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="List of presidents of the New York Stock Exchange">List of presidents of the New York Stock Exchange</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg/150px-New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg/225px-New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg/300px-New_York_Stock_Exchange_1882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3254" data-file-height="4812" /></a><figcaption>The Stock Exchange at 10–12 Broad Street, 1882</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest recorded organization of <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities</a> trading in New York among <a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">brokers</a> directly dealing with each other can be traced to the <a href="/wiki/Buttonwood_Agreement" title="Buttonwood Agreement">Buttonwood Agreement</a>. Previously, securities exchange had been intermediated by the <a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">auctioneers</a>, who also conducted more mundane auctions of <a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">commodities</a> such as wheat and tobacco.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 17, 1792, twenty-four brokers signed the Buttonwood Agreement, which set a floor commission rate charged to clients and bound the signers to give preference to the other signers in securities sales. The earliest securities traded were mostly governmental securities such as War Bonds from the Revolutionary War and <a href="/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="First Bank of the United States">First Bank of the United States</a> stock,<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of New York">Bank of New York</a> stock was a non-governmental security traded in the early days.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_America" title="Bank of North America">Bank of North America</a>, along with the First Bank of the United States and the Bank of New York, were the first shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1817, the stockbrokers of New York, operating under the <a href="/wiki/Buttonwood_Agreement" title="Buttonwood Agreement">Buttonwood Agreement</a>, instituted new reforms and reorganized. After sending a delegation to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to observe the organization of their board of brokers, restrictions on manipulative trading were adopted, as well as formal organs of governance.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After re-forming as the New York Stock and Exchange Board, the broker organization began renting out space exclusively for securities trading, which previously had been taking place at the <a href="/wiki/Tontine_Coffee_House" title="Tontine Coffee House">Tontine Coffee House</a>. Several locations were used between 1817 and 1865, when the present location was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The invention of the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph" title="Electrical telegraph">electrical telegraph</a> consolidated markets and New York's market rose to dominance over Philadelphia after weathering some market panics better than other alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Park_Service-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Open_Board_of_Stock_Brokers" title="Open Board of Stock Brokers">Open Board of Stock Brokers</a> was established in 1864 as a competitor to the NYSE. With 354 members, the Open Board of Stock Brokers rivaled the NYSE in membership (which had 533) "because it used a more modern, continuous trading system superior to the NYSE's twice-daily call sessions". The Open Board of Stock Brokers merged with the NYSE in 1869. Robert Wright of <i>Bloomberg</i> writes that the merger increased the NYSE's members as well as trading volume, as "several dozen regional exchanges were also competing with the NYSE for customers. Buyers, sellers and dealers all wanted to complete transactions as quickly and cheaply as technologically possible and that meant finding the markets with the most trading, or the greatest liquidity in today's parlance. Minimizing competition was essential to keep a large number of orders flowing, and the merger helped the NYSE maintain its reputation for providing superior liquidity."<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg-nyse_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-nyse-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> greatly stimulated speculative securities trading in New York. By 1869, membership had to be capped, and has been sporadically increased since. The latter half of the nineteenth century saw rapid growth in securities trading.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Securities trade in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was prone to panics and crashes. Government regulation of securities trading was eventually seen as necessary, with arguably the most dramatic changes occurring in the 1930s after a major stock market crash precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>. The NYSE has also imposed additional rules in response to shareholder protection controls, e.g. in 2012, the NYSE imposed rules restricting brokers from voting uninstructed shares.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup></b> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_Luncheon_Club" title="Stock Exchange Luncheon Club">Stock Exchange Luncheon Club</a> was situated on the seventh floor from 1898 until its closure in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockexchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stockexchange.jpg/220px-Stockexchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stockexchange.jpg/330px-Stockexchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stockexchange.jpg/440px-Stockexchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>The floor of the New York Stock Exchange in 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 21, 2005, the NYSE announced its plans to merge with <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">Archipelago</a> in a deal intended to reorganize the NYSE as a publicly traded company. NYSE's governing board voted to merge with rival Archipelago on December 6, 2005, and became a for-profit, public company. It began trading under the name NYSE Group on March 8, 2006. On April 4, 2007, the NYSE Group completed its merger with Euronext, the European combined stock market, thus forming <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a>, the first transatlantic stock exchange. </p><p>Wall Street is the leading U.S. money center for international financial activities and the foremost U.S. location for the conduct of wholesale financial services. "It comprises a matrix of wholesale financial sectors, financial markets, financial institutions, and financial industry firms" (Robert, 2002). The principal sectors are securities industry, commercial banking, asset management, and insurance. </p><p>Prior to the acquisition of NYSE Euronext by the ICE in 2013, Marsh Carter was the Chairman of the NYSE and the CEO was <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Niederauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Duncan Niederauer">Duncan Niederauer</a>. Currently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the chairman is Jeffrey Sprecher.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, NYSE owner Intercontinental Exchange Inc. earned $419 million in listings-related revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-new_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-new-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_events">Notable events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Wall Street Crash of 1929</a>; <a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday (1987)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th_mini-crash" title="Friday the 13th mini-crash">Friday the 13th mini-crash</a>; <a href="/wiki/October_27,_1997_mini-crash" class="mw-redirect" title="October 27, 1997 mini-crash">October 27, 1997 mini-crash</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_arising_from_the_September_11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks">Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 31, 1914), but it partially re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and completely reopened for stock trading in mid-December. </p><p>On September 16, 1920, the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing" title="Wall Street bombing">Wall Street bombing</a> occurred outside the building, killing forty people and injuring hundreds more.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barron_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barron-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj19200917_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj19200917-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Black Thursday</a> crash of the Exchange on October 24, 1929, and the sell-off panic which started on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Black Tuesday</a>, October 29, are often blamed for precipitating the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. In an effort to restore investor confidence, the Exchange unveiled a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public on October 31, 1938. </p><p>On October 1, 1934, the exchange was registered as a national securities exchange with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>, with a president and a thirty-three-member board. On February 18, 1971, the non-profit corporation was formed, and the number of board members was reduced to twenty-five. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg/220px-NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg/330px-NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg/440px-NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4537" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption>NYSE <a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">traders</a> floor before the introduction of electronic readouts and computer screens, 1963</figcaption></figure> <p>One of <a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a>'s well-known publicity stunts took place in 1967, when he led members of the <a href="/wiki/Yippie" class="mw-redirect" title="Yippie">Yippie</a> movement to the Exchange's gallery. The provocateurs hurled fistfuls of dollars toward the trading floor below. Some traders booed, and some laughed and waved. Three months later the stock exchange enclosed the gallery with bulletproof glass.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoffman wrote a decade later, "We didn't call the press; at that time we really had no notion of anything called a media event."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_addressing_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2690" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> addressing the NYSE, 1985</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 19, 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> (DJIA) dropped 508 points, a 22.6% loss in a single day, the second-biggest one-day drop the exchange had experienced. <a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday</a> was followed by Terrible Tuesday, a day in which the Exchange's systems did not perform well and some people had difficulty completing their trades.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, there was another major drop for the Dow on October 13, 1989—the <a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th_mini-crash" title="Friday the 13th mini-crash">Mini-Crash of 1989</a>. The crash was apparently caused by a reaction to a news story of a $6.75 billion leveraged buyout deal for UAL Corporation, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, which broke down. When the UAL deal fell through, it helped trigger the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Junk_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk bond">junk bond</a> market causing the Dow to fall 190.58 points, or 6.91 percent. </p><p>Similarly, there was a panic in the financial world during the year of 1997; the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Financial Crisis">Asian Financial Crisis</a>. Like the fall of many foreign markets, the Dow suffered a 7.18% drop in value (554.26 points) on October 27, 1997, in what later became known as the <a href="/wiki/October_27,_1997_mini-crash" class="mw-redirect" title="October 27, 1997 mini-crash">1997 Mini-Crash</a> but from which the DJIA recovered quickly. This was the first time that the "<a href="/wiki/Trading_curb" title="Trading curb">circuit breaker</a>" rule had operated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21st_century">21st century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 26, 2000, an altercation during filming of the music video for <a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Sleep_Now_in_the_Fire" title="Sleep Now in the Fire">Sleep Now in the Fire</a>", directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a>, caused the doors of the exchange to be closed and the band to be escorted from the site by security<sup id="cite_ref-greenleft_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenleft-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the members attempted to gain entry into the exchange. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">aftermath of the September 11 attacks</a>, the NYSE was closed for four trading sessions, resuming on Monday, September 17, one of the rare times the NYSE was closed for more than one session and only the third time since March 1933. On the first day, the NYSE suffered a 7.1% drop in value (684 points); after a week, it dropped by 14% (1,370 points). An estimated $1.4 trillion was lost within five days of trading.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSE was only 5 blocks from <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">Ground Zero</a>. </p><p>On May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average posted its largest intraday percentage drop since the crash on October 19, 1987, with a 998-point loss later being called the <a href="/wiki/2010_Flash_Crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Flash Crash">2010 Flash Crash</a> (as the drop occurred in minutes before rebounding). The SEC and CFTC published a report on the event, although it did not come to a conclusion as to the cause. The regulators found no evidence that the fall was caused by erroneous ("fat finger") orders.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 29, 2012, the stock exchange was shut down for two days due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last time the stock exchange was closed due to weather for a full two days was on March 12 and 13, 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 1, 2014, the stock exchange was fined $4.5 million by the Securities and Exchange Commission to settle charges that it had violated market rules.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 14, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a>'s A Class shares, the highest priced shares on the NYSE, hit $200,000 a share for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-BerkshireMilestone_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BerkshireMilestone-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 8, 2015, technical issues affected the stock exchange, halting trading at 11:32 am ET. The NYSE reassured stock traders that the outage was "not a result of a cyber breach", and the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> confirmed that there was "no sign of malicious activity".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trading eventually resumed at 3:10 pm ET the same day. </p><p>On May 25, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Stacey_Cunningham" title="Stacey Cunningham">Stacey Cunningham</a>, the NYSE's chief operating officer, became the Big Board's 67th president, succeeding Thomas Farley.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the first female leader in the exchange's 226-year history. </p><p>In March 2020, the NYSE announced plans to temporarily move to all-electronic trading on March 23, 2020, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Stock_Exchange" title="Philadelphia Stock Exchange">PHLX</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Stock_Exchange" title="Boston Stock Exchange">BSE</a>, the NYSE reopened on May 26, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building">Building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg/220px-NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg/330px-NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg/440px-NewYorkStockExchangeWallStreetManhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The NYSE Building at Christmas time (December 2008)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a></div> <p>The main <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange_Building" title="New York Stock Exchange Building">New York Stock Exchange Building</a>, built in 1903, is at 18 Broad Street, between the corners of Wall Street and Exchange Place, and was designed in the <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux Arts</a> style by <a href="/wiki/George_B._Post" title="George B. Post">George B. Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHL_designation_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHL_designation-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adjacent structure at 11 Wall Street, completed in 1922, was designed in a similar style by <a href="/wiki/Trowbridge_%26_Livingston" title="Trowbridge & Livingston">Trowbridge & Livingston</a>. The buildings were both designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpphotos_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpphotos-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18 Broad Street is also a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_designated_landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City designated landmark">New York City designated landmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_holidays">Official holidays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Official holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New York Stock Exchange is closed on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington's Birthday">Washington's Birthday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Juneteenth National Independence Day">Juneteenth National Independence Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>. When those holidays occur on a weekend, the holiday is observed on the closest weekday. In addition, the Stock Exchange closes early on the day before Independence Day, the day after Thanksgiving, and Christmas Eve.<sup id="cite_ref-NYSE_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYSE-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSE averages about 253 <a href="/wiki/Trading_day" title="Trading day">trading days</a> per year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trading">Trading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Trading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New York Stock Exchange (sometimes referred to as "<b>The Big Board</b>")<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides a means for buyers and sellers to <a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">trade</a> <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> in companies registered for public trading. The NYSE is open for trading Monday through Friday from 9:30 am – 4:00 pm <a href="/wiki/North_American_Eastern_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Eastern Time Zone">ET</a>, with the exception of holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposals for round-the-clock trading have been considered by NYSE.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NYSE trades in a continuous auction format, where traders can execute stock transactions on behalf of investors. They will gather around the appropriate post where a specialist broker, who is employed by a NYSE member firm (that is, they are not an employee of the New York Stock Exchange), acts as an auctioneer in an <a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">open outcry</a> auction market environment to bring buyers and sellers together and to manage the actual auction. They do on occasion (approximately 10% of the time) facilitate the trades by committing their own capital and as a matter of course disseminate information to the crowd that helps to bring buyers and sellers together. The auction process moved toward automation in 1995 through the use of wireless handheld computers (HHC). The system enabled traders to receive and execute orders electronically via wireless transmission. On September 25, 1995, NYSE member Michael Einersen, who designed and developed this system, executed 1000 shares of IBM through this HHC ending a 203-year process of paper transactions and ushering in an era of automated trading. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/220px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/330px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/440px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption>The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange in March 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>As of January 24, 2007, all NYSE stocks can be traded via its electronic <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_market" title="Hybrid market">hybrid market</a> (except for a small group of very high-priced stocks). Customers can now send orders for immediate electronic execution, or route orders to the floor for trade in the auction market. In the first three months of 2007, in excess of 82% of all order volume was delivered to the floor electronically.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NYSE works with US regulators such as the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Trading_Commission" title="Commodity Futures Trading Commission">CFTC</a> to coordinate risk management measures in the electronic trading environment through the implementation of mechanisms like circuit breakers and liquidity replenishment points.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday</a> market crash in 1987, NYSE imposed <a href="/wiki/Trading_curb" title="Trading curb">trading curbs</a> to reduce market volatility and massive panic sell-offs. Following the 2011 rule change, at the start of each trading day, the NYSE sets three circuit breaker levels at levels of 7% (Level 1), 13% (Level 2), and 20% (Level 3) of the average closing price of the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> for the preceding trading day. Level 1 and Level 2 declines result in a 15-minute trading halt unless they occur after 3:25 pm, when no trading halts apply. A Level 3 decline results in trading being suspended for the remainder of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The biggest one-day decline in the S&P 500 since 1987 was the 11.98% drop on <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">March 16, 2020</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floor_seats">Floor seats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Floor seats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_(17).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_%2817%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_%2817%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_%2817%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3413" /></a><figcaption>The NYSE trading floor in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Until 2005, the right to directly trade shares on the exchange was conferred upon owners of a limited number of "seats". The term comes from the fact that up until the 1870s NYSE members sat in chairs to trade. In 1868, the number of seats was fixed at 533, and this number was increased several times over the years. In 1953, the number of seats was set permanently at 1,366. </p><p>These seats were a sought-after commodity as they conferred the ability to directly trade stock on the NYSE, and seat holders were commonly referred to as members of the NYSE. Seat prices varied widely over the years, generally falling during recessions and rising during economic expansions. In January 1927 the cost of seat reached a then-record $185,000.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most expensive inflation-adjusted seat was sold in 1929 for $625,000, which, today, would be over six million dollars. In recent times, seats have sold for as high as $4 million in the late 1990s and as low as $1 million in 2001. In 2005, seat prices shot up to $3.25 million as the exchange entered into an agreement to merge with Archipelago and became a for-profit, publicly traded company. Seat owners received $500,000 in cash per seat and 77,000 shares of the newly formed corporation. The NYSE now sells one-year licenses to trade directly on the exchange. Licenses for <a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">floor trading</a> are available for $40,000 and a license for bond trading is available for as little as $1,000 as of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-NYSE_Trading_License_Application_Form_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYSE_Trading_License_Application_Form-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither are resellable, but may be transferable during a change of ownership of a corporation holding a trading license. </p><p>The Barnes family is the only known lineage to have five generations of NYSE members: Winthrop H. Barnes (admitted 1894), Richard W.P. Barnes (admitted 1926), Richard S. Barnes (admitted 1951), Robert H. Barnes (admitted 1972), Derek J. Barnes (admitted 2003)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NYSE_Composite_Index">NYSE Composite Index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: NYSE Composite Index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1960s, the <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">Index</a> (NYSE: NYA) was created, with a base value of 50 points equal to the 1965 yearly close.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done to reflect the value of all stocks trading at the exchange, in contrast with the then predominant <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> which tracks just 30 stocks. To raise the profile of the composite index, in 2003, the NYSE set its new base value of 5,000 points equal to the 2002 yearly close. Its close at the end of 2013 was 10,400.32. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit">converting this article</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>In 1792, NYSE acquires its first traded securities.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1817, the constitution of the New York Stock and Exchange Board is adopted. It had also been established by the New York brokers as a formal organization.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1863, the name changed to the New York Stock Exchange.</li> <li>In 1865, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Gold_Exchange" title="New York Gold Exchange">New York Gold Exchange</a> was acquired by the NYSE.<sup id="cite_ref-Winslow_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winslow-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1867, stock tickers were first introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1885, the 400 NYSE members in the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Stock Exchange">Consolidated Stock Exchange</a> withdraw from Consolidated over disagreements on exchange trade areas.<sup id="cite_ref-book_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1896, the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)</a> is first published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1903, the NYSE moves into new quarters at 18 <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad Street</a>.</li> <li>In 1906, the DJIA exceeds 100 on January 12.</li> <li>In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">Panic of 1907</a>.</li> <li>In 1909, trading in bonds begins.</li> <li>In 1915, basis of quoting and trading in stocks changes from percent of par value to dollars.</li> <li>In 1920, a <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing" title="Wall Street bombing">bomb exploded on Wall Street</a> outside the NYSE building. Thirty-eight killed and hundreds injured.</li> <li>In 1923, Poor's Publishing introduced their "Composite Index", today referred to as the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="S&P 500 Index">S&P 500</a>, which tracked a small number of companies on the NYSE.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1929, the central quote system was established; <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Black Thursday</a>, October 24 and <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Black Tuesday</a>, October 29 signal the end of the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a> bull market.</li> <li>In 1938, NYSE names its first president.</li> <li>In 1943, the trading floor is opened to women while men were serving in <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1949, the third longest (eight-year) <a href="/wiki/Market_trend#Bull_market" title="Market trend">bull market</a> begins.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1952, Saturday trading hours are eliminated, establishing the five-day trading week.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1954, the DJIA surpasses its 1929 peak in <a href="/wiki/Inflation#Cost-of-living_allowance" title="Inflation">inflation-adjusted</a> dollars.</li> <li>In 1956, the DJIA closes above 500 for the first time on March 12.</li> <li>In 1957, after Poor's Publishing merged with the Standard Statistics Bureau, the Standard & Poors composite index grew to track 500 companies on the NYSE, becoming known as the S&P 500.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1966, NYSE begins a composite index of all listed common stocks. This is referred to as the "Common Stock Index" and is transmitted daily. The starting point of the index is 50. It is later renamed the NYSE Composite Index.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1967, <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a> becomes the first female member of the New York Stock Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1967, protesters led by <a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a> throw mostly fake dollar bills at traders from gallery, leading to the installation of bullet-proof glass.</li> <li>In 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Securities_Investor_Protection_Corporation" title="Securities Investor Protection Corporation">Securities Investor Protection Corporation</a> was established.</li> <li>In 1971, NYSE incorporated and recognized as Not-for-Profit organization.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> was founded and competes with the NYSE as the world's first electronic stock market.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To date, the NASDAQ is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the NYSE.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1972, the DJIA closes above 1,000 for the first time on November 14.</li> <li>In 1977, foreign brokers are admitted to NYSE.</li> <li>In 1980, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Board_of_Trade" title="New York Board of Trade">New York Futures Exchange</a> was established.</li> <li>In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday</a>, October 19, sees the second-largest one-day DJIA percentage drop (22.6%, or 508 points) in history.</li> <li>In 1987, membership in the NYSE reaches a record price of $1.5 million.</li> <li>In 1989, On September 14, seven members of <a href="/wiki/ACT-UP" class="mw-redirect" title="ACT-UP">ACT-UP</a>, The AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, entered the NYSE and protested by chaining themselves to the balcony overlooking the trading floor and unfurling a banner, "SELL WELCOME", in reference to drug manufacturer Burroughs Wellcome. Following the protest, <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Wellcome" class="mw-redirect" title="Burroughs Wellcome">Burroughs Wellcome</a> reduced the price of <a href="/wiki/AZT" class="mw-redirect" title="AZT">AZT</a> (a drug used by people living with HIV and AIDS) by over 30%.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1990, the longest (ten-year) <a href="/wiki/Market_trend#Bull_market" title="Market trend">bull market</a> begins.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1991, the DJIA exceeds 3,000.</li> <li>In 1995, the DJIA exceeds 5,000.</li> <li>In 1996, real-time ticker introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1997, on October 27, a sell-off in Asia's stock markets hurts the U.S. markets as well; DJIA sees the largest one-day <i>point</i> drop of 554 (or 7.18%) in history.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1999, the DJIA exceeds 10,000 on March 29.</li> <li>In 2000, the DJIA peaks at 11,722.98 on January 14; first NYSE global index is launched under the ticker NYIID. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSESecurity.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NYSESecurity.JPG/220px-NYSESecurity.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NYSESecurity.JPG/330px-NYSESecurity.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NYSESecurity.JPG/440px-NYSESecurity.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Security after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></figcaption></figure></li> <li>In 2001, trading in fractions (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">n</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>) ends, replaced by decimals (increments of $0.01, see <a href="/wiki/Decimalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimalization">Decimalization</a>); <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> occur causing NYSE to close for four sessions.</li> <li>In 2003, <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a> Index relaunched and value set equal to 5,000 points.</li> <li>In 2006, NYSE and <a href="/wiki/ArcaEx" class="mw-redirect" title="ArcaEx">ArcaEx</a> merge, creating <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">NYSE Arca</a> and forming the publicly owned, for-profit NYSE Group, Inc.; in turn, NYSE Group merges with <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a>, creating the first trans-Atlantic stock exchange group; DJIA tops 12,000 on October 19.</li> <li>In 2007, US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> shows up unannounced to the Floor about an hour and a half before a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Open_Market_Committee" title="Federal Open Market Committee">Federal Open Market Committee</a> interest-rate decision on January 31;<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NYSE announces its merger with the <a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="American Stock Exchange">American Stock Exchange</a>; NYSE Composite closes above 10,000 on June 1; <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">DJIA</a> exceeds 14,000 on July 19 and closes at a peak of 14,164.53 on October 9.</li> <li>In 2008, the DJIA loses more than 500 points on September 15 amid fears of bank failures, resulting in a permanent prohibition of <a href="/wiki/Naked_short_selling" title="Naked short selling">naked short selling</a> and a three-week temporary ban on all <a href="/wiki/Short_selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Short selling">short selling</a> of financial stocks; in spite of this, record volatility continues for the next two months, culminating at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-year market lows.</li> <li>In 2009, the second longest and current <a href="/wiki/Bull_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull market">bull market</a> begins on March 9 after the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">DJIA</a> closes at 6,547.05 reaching a 12-year low; DJIA returns to 10,015.86 on October 14.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, the DJIA closes above 2007 highs on March 5; DJIA closes above 16,500 to end the year.</li> <li>In 2014, the DJIA closes above 17,000 on July 3 and above 18,000 on December 23.</li> <li>In 2015, the DJIA achieved an all-time high of 18,351.36 on May 19.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, the DJIA dropped over 1,000 points to 15,370.33 soon after open on August 24, 2015, before bouncing back and closing at 15,795.72, a drop of over 669 points.</li> <li>In 2016, the DJIA hits an all-time high of 18,873.6.</li> <li>In 2017, the DJIA reaches 20,000 for the first time (on January 25).</li> <li>In 2018, the DJIA reaches 25,000 for the first time (on January 4).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 5, the DJIA dropped 1,175 points, making it the largest point drop in history.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2020, the NYSE temporarily transitioned to electronic trading due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger,_acquisition,_and_control"><span id="Merger.2C_acquisition.2C_and_control"></span>Merger, acquisition, and control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Merger, acquisition, and control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2008, <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a> completed acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="American Stock Exchange">American Stock Exchange</a> (AMEX) for $260 million in stock.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 15, 2011, NYSE and <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></span></span> announced their merger to form a new company, as yet unnamed, wherein <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Deutsche Börse</span></span> shareholders would have 60% ownership of the new entity, and <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a> shareholders would have 40%. </p><p>On February 1, 2012, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> blocked the merger of NYSE with <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Deutsche Börse</span></span>, after commissioner <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> stated that the merger "would have led to a near-monopoly in European financial derivatives worldwide".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Deutsche Börse</span></span> and NYSE would have to sell either their <a href="/wiki/Eurex" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurex">Eurex</a> derivatives or <a href="/wiki/LIFFE" class="mw-redirect" title="LIFFE">LIFFE</a> shares in order to not create a monopoly. On February 2, 2012, NYSE Euronext and <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Deutsche Börse</span></span> agreed to scrap the merger.<sup id="cite_ref-nysepr2012_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysepr2012-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2011, <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a> (ICE), an American <a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">futures exchange</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_OMX_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ OMX Group">NASDAQ OMX Group</a> had together made an <a href="/wiki/Unsolicited_proposal" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsolicited proposal">unsolicited proposal</a> to buy NYSE Euronext for approximately <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>11,000,000,000, a deal in which NASDAQ would have taken control of the stock exchanges.<sup id="cite_ref-das2012_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-das2012-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NYSE Euronext rejected this offer twice, but it was finally terminated after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> indicated their intention to block the deal due to <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-das2012_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-das2012-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2012, ICE had proposed to buy NYSE Euronext in a <a href="/wiki/Stock_swap" title="Stock swap">stock swap</a> with a valuation of $8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-sell_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-das2012_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-das2012-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NYSE Euronext shareholders would receive either $33.12 in cash, or $11.27 in cash and approximately a sixth of a share of ICE. <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sprecher" title="Jeffrey Sprecher">Jeffrey Sprecher</a>, the chairman and CEO of ICE, will retain those positions, but four members of the NYSE board of directors will be added to the ICE board.<sup id="cite_ref-sell_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 24, 2023, a glitch in NYSE caused panic due to unintentional trade orders opened and closed in more than 250 securities.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_and_closing_bells">Opening and closing bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opening and closing bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYSE_opening_bell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_opening_bell.jpg/220px-NYSE_opening_bell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_opening_bell.jpg/330px-NYSE_opening_bell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NYSE_opening_bell.jpg/440px-NYSE_opening_bell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald L. Evans">Donald L. Evans</a> rings the opening bell at the NYSE on April 23, 2003. Former chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grasso" title="Richard Grasso">Richard Grasso</a> is also in this picture.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg/220px-STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg/330px-STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg/440px-STS-125_Crew_Visits_the_Stock_Exchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="2117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> astronauts <a href="/wiki/Scott_Altman" title="Scott Altman">Scott Altman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Massimino" title="Mike Massimino">Mike Massimino</a> wields the gavel for the 'closing bell'.</figcaption></figure> <p>The NYSE's opening and closing bells mark the beginning and the end of each trading day. The opening bell is rung at 9:30 am ET to mark the start of the day's trading session. At 4 pm ET the closing bell is rung and trading for the day stops. There are bells located in each of the four main sections of the NYSE that all ring at the same time once a button is pressed.<sup id="cite_ref-bellhistory_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellhistory-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three buttons that control the bells, located on the control panel behind the podium which overlooks the trading floor. The main bell, which is rung at the beginning and end of the trading day, is controlled by a green button. The second button, colored orange, activates a single-stroke bell that is used to signal a moment of silence. A third, red button controls a backup bell which is used in case the main bell fails to ring.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ringing of the bells usually accompanied with <a href="/wiki/Applause" title="Applause">applause</a> and is often done by <a href="/wiki/Very_important_person" title="Very important person">VIPs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrities</a> (See pictures and the section "Notable bell-ringers"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The signal to start and stop trading was not always a bell; a <a href="/wiki/Gavel" title="Gavel">gavel</a> was the original signal, which is still utilized alongside the bell. However, the gavel is frequently damaged. During the late 1800s, the NYSE decided to switch the gavel for a gong to signal the day's beginning and end. After the NYSE changed to its present location at 18 Broad Street in 1903, the gong was switched to the bell format that is currently being used. The bell itself was produced by <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Brothers_Manufacturing_Company" title="Bevin Brothers Manufacturing Company">Bevin Brothers</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Hampton,_Connecticut" title="East Hampton, Connecticut">East Hampton, Connecticut</a>, which is known colloquially as "Bell Town" for its history of bell foundries and metal toy manufacturing. </p><p>A common sight today is the highly publicized events in which a celebrity or executive from a corporation stands behind the NYSE podium and pushes the button that signals the bells to ring. Due to the amount of coverage that the opening/closing bells receive, many companies coordinate new product launches and other marketing-related events to start on the same day as when the company's representatives ring the bell. It was only in 1995 that the NYSE began having special guests ring the bells on a regular basis; prior to that, ringing the bells was usually the responsibility of the exchange's floor managers.<sup id="cite_ref-bellhistory_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellhistory-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_bell-ringers">Notable bell-ringers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable bell-ringers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the people who ring the bell are business executives whose companies trade on the exchange, usually to announce new products, acquisitions, mergers or public offerings. However, there have also been many famous people from outside the world of business that have rung the bell, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>. Two United Nations Secretaries General have also rung the bell. On April 27, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Secretary-General Kofi Annan</a> rang the opening bell to launch the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Principles_for_Responsible_Investment" title="Principles for Responsible Investment">Principles for Responsible Investment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 24, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon</a> rang the closing bell to celebrate the NYSE joining the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Stock_Exchanges_Initiative" title="Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative">Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Celebrities that have rung the bell include athletes such as <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">Joe DiMaggio</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> and Olympic swimming champion <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelps" title="Michael Phelps">Michael Phelps</a>, entertainers such as rapper <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>, members of <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/College_GameDay_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="College GameDay (football)">College GameDay</a> crew, singer and actress <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and members of the rock band <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a>. </p><p>In addition there have been many bell-ringers selected for their public contributions, such as members of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> serving overseas, and participants in various charitable organizations. </p><p>Several fictional characters have rung the bell as well, including <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pink_Panther_(character)" title="Pink Panther (character)">Pink Panther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Potato_Head" title="Mr. Potato Head">Mr. Potato Head</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aflac" title="Aflac">Aflac</a> Duck, Gene and Jailbreak of <a href="/wiki/The_Emoji_Movie" title="The Emoji Movie">The Emoji Movie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Darth Vader</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/48px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/64px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1202157013">@media screen and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.toc{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.toc div.toctitle{visibility:visible}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1111373058">.mw-parser-output .toc-top-false-title{font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .toc-top .hlist ul{text-align:inherit}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .toc-top{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .toc-top-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .toc-top-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .toc-top-center{margin:auto;clear:none}}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .toc-top{padding:7px}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .toc-top #toc-title-text{border-bottom:0;margin-top:0;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}</style><div class="toc plainlinks toc-top" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="toc-title-text-template" id="toc"> <div class="toctitle"><h2 id="Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" id="toc-title-text"><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange">Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange</a></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(0%E2%80%939)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (0–9)">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(A)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (A)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(B)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (B)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(C)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (C)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(D)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (D)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(E)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (E)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(F)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (F)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(G)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (G)">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(H)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (H)">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(I)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (I)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(J)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (J)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(K)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (K)">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(L)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (L)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(M)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (M)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(N)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (N)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(O)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (O)">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(P)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (P)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(Q)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Q)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(R)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (R)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(S)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (S)">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(T)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (T)">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(U)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (U)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(V)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (V)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(W)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (W)">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(X)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (X)">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(Y)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Y)">Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(Z)" title="Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Z)">Z</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">Aftermath of the September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">List of American Exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_mergers_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas">List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="List of presidents of the New York Stock Exchange">List of presidents of the New York Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_trading_hours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchange trading hours">List of stock exchange trading hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_48" title="Rule 48">Rule 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_14_exam" title="Series 14 exam">Series 14 exam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_day" title="Trading day">Trading day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">List of stock exchanges in the Americas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pre-Opening Session: 2:30 a.m and Opening Session: 4:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. ET<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/hottopic/stock_market.html">"History of the New York Stock Exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404085759/http://loc.gov/rr/business/hottopic/stock_market.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=History+of+the+New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fbusiness%2Fhottopic%2Fstock_market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/september-2024/market-statistics">"Market Statistics - September 2024"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240918000000/https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/september-2024/market-statistics">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Market+Statistics+-+September+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffocus.world-exchanges.org%2Fissue%2Fseptember-2024%2Fmarket-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/listings_directory/stock">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WFE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WFE_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/september-2024/market-statistics">"Market Statistics - September 2024"</a>. <i>Focus.world-exchanges.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240318174706/https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/february-2024/market-statistics">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus.world-exchanges.org&rft.atitle=Market+Statistics+-+September+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffocus.world-exchanges.org%2Fissue%2Fseptember-2024%2Fmarket-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/big%20board">"Merriam-Webster Dictionary's definition of "Big Board"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120182227/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/big%20board">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+NYSE+Makes+Stock+Exchanges+Around+The+World+Look+Tiny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fglobal-stock-market-capitalization-chart-2014-11%3FIR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Largest_stock_markets_in_the_world-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Largest_stock_markets_in_the_world_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212070521/https://www.nyse.com/market-cap">"2016"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+1920+Blast%2C+The+Opposite+Of+%27Never+Forget%27%3B+No+Memorials+on+Wall+St.+For+Attack+That+Killed+30&rft.date=2003-09-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F17%2Fnyregion%2Fafter-1920-blast-opposite-never-forget-no-memorials-wall-st-for-attack-that.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj19200917-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj19200917_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69472018/terrific-explosion-outside-morgans/">"Terrific Explosion Outside Morgan's Office"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2021</span> – via newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Terrific+Explosion+Outside+Morgan%27s+Office&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1920-09-17&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F69472018%2Fterrific-explosion-outside-morgans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedbetter2007" class="citation news cs1">Ledbetter, James (August 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2007/07/17/news/funny/abbie_hoffman/">"The day the NYSE went Yippie"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711120623/http://money.cnn.com/2007/07/17/news/funny/abbie_hoffman/">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+day+the+NYSE+went+Yippie&rft.date=2007-08-23&rft.aulast=Ledbetter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2007%2F07%2F17%2Fnews%2Ffunny%2Fabbie_hoffman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abbie Hoffman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soontobemajormot00hoff"><i>Soon to be a Major Motion Picture</i>, p. 100, Putnam, 1980.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506083247/https://books.google.com/books?ei=FBBeTPa1NcP6lwf-xtyZCA&ct=result&id=OpLaAAAAMAAJ&dq=Soon+to+be+a+Major+Motion+Picture&q=media+event">Archived</a> May 6, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443684104578064512937107562">"Terrible Tuesday: How the Stock Market Almost Disintegrated A Day After the Crash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=U.S.+Stocks+to+Open+After+Longest+Storm+Outage+Since+1888&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-10-30%2Fnyse-floor-is-fine-working-to-open-tomorrow-spokesman-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch2014" class="citation news cs1">Lynch, Sarah N (May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nyse-sec-enforcement-idUSBREA400LA20140501">"New York Stock Exchange to pay $4.5 million to settle SEC charges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2014</span>. <q>The New York Stock Exchange agreed on Thursday to pay $4.5 million to settle charges brought by U.S. securities regulators that the exchange flouted its own rules, marking the latest crackdown on violations of market structure rules.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+York+Stock+Exchange+to+pay+%244.5+million+to+settle+SEC+charges&rft.date=2014-05&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Sarah+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nyse-sec-enforcement-idUSBREA400LA20140501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BerkshireMilestone-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BerkshireMilestone_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2014/08/14/berkshire-shares-top-200000-buffett-worth-nearly-66b/">"Berkshire Hathaway shares top $200,000 apiece"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Principles+for+Responsible+Investment&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Secretary-General+Launches+Principles+for+Responsible+Investment+at+the+NYSE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fevents%2F1145959807704.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726095340/http://www.nyse.com/about/newsevents/1374490753058.html">"United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon Visits the NYSE and Rings The Closing Bell® to Commemorate NYSE Euronext's Participation in the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) Initiative"</a>. <i>NYSE</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/about/newsevents/1374490753058.html">the original</a> on July 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYSE&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Secretary-General+Ban+Ki-moon+Visits+the+NYSE+and+Rings+The+Closing+Bell%C2%AE+to+Commemorate+NYSE+Euronext%27s+Participation+in+the+United+Nations+Sustainable+Stock+Exchanges+%28SSE%29+Initiative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fabout%2Fnewsevents%2F1374490753058.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gettyimages.com/event/liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-closing-bell-84120974?#singer-and-actress-liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-picture-id84159892">"Liza Minnelli Rings The New York Stock Exchange Closing Bell Photos and Images – Getty Images"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164710/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-closing-bell-84120974#singer-and-actress-liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-picture-id84159892">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liza+Minnelli+Rings+The+New+York+Stock+Exchange+Closing+Bell+Photos+and+Images+%E2%80%93+Getty+Images&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fevent%2Fliza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-closing-bell-84120974%3F%23singer-and-actress-liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-picture-id84159892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628183227/https://www.nyse.com/events/3249761500/Sonys-The-Emoji-Movie-NYSE-SNE-Rings-The-NYSE-Closing-Bell">"Events"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/events/3249761500/Sonys-The-Emoji-Movie-NYSE-SNE-Rings-The-NYSE-Closing-Bell">the original</a> on June 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fevents%2F3249761500%2FSonys-The-Emoji-Movie-NYSE-SNE-Rings-The-NYSE-Closing-Bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0310/the-tradition-of-the-nyse-bell.aspx">"The Tradition of the NYSE Bell"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918190625/http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0310/the-tradition-of-the-nyse-bell.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tradition+of+the+NYSE+Bell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Ffinancial-edge%2F0310%2Fthe-tradition-of-the-nyse-bell.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck1992" class="citation book cs1">Buck, James E. (1992). <i>The New York Stock Exchange: The First 200 Years</i>. Greenwich Pub. Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-944641-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-944641-02-4"><bdi>0-944641-02-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Stock+Exchange%3A+The+First+200+Years&rft.pub=Greenwich+Pub.+Group&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-944641-02-4&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeisst2004" class="citation book cs1">Geisst, Charles R. (2004). <i>Wall Street: A History – From its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517060-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517060-1"><bdi>0-19-517060-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wall+Street%3A+A+History+%E2%80%93+From+its+Beginnings+to+the+Fall+of+Enron&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-517060-1&rft.aulast=Geisst&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1990" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Zachary (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofnewyorkst0000kent"><i>The Story of the New York Stock Exchange</i></a>. Scholastic Library Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-516-04748-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-516-04748-5"><bdi>0-516-04748-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft.pub=Scholastic+Library+Pub.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-516-04748-5&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofnewyorkst0000kent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloane1980" class="citation book cs1">Sloane, Leonard (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyoffloortr0000sloa"><i>The Anatomy of the Floor</i></a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-12249-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-12249-7"><bdi>0-385-12249-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anatomy+of+the+Floor&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-385-12249-7&rft.aulast=Sloane&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanatomyoffloortr0000sloa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobel1975" class="citation book cs1">Sobel, Robert (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nysehistoryoft00sobe"><i>N.Y.S.E.: A History of the New York Stock Exchange, 1935–1975</i></a>. Weybright and Talley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-40124-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-40124-5"><bdi>0-679-40124-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N.Y.S.E.%3A+A+History+of+the+New+York+Stock+Exchange%2C+1935%E2%80%931975&rft.pub=Weybright+and+Talley&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-679-40124-5&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnysehistoryoft00sobe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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4em"><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>A member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Securities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York Stock Exchange</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">NYSE Arca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_American" title="NYSE American">NYSE American</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Europe</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_NYSE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/120px-NYC_NYSE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/180px-NYC_NYSE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NYC_NYSE.jpg/240px-NYC_NYSE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="2958" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG/120px-Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG/180px-Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG/240px-Bourse_Bxl_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1714" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">Futures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_International_Financial_Futures_and_Options_Exchange" title="London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange">Euronext.liffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternext" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternext">Alternext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueNext" title="BlueNext">BlueNext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar Exchange">Qatar Exchange</a> (20% holding)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>United States</dt> <dd>New York City <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NYSE</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Chicago <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Arca" title="NYSE Arca">Arca</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Belgium</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="Euronext Brussels">Brussels</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>France</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Bourse">Paris</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Portugal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/London_International_Financial_Futures_and_Options_Exchange" title="London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange">London</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>New York</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Euronext</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euronext_100" title="Euronext 100">Euronext 100</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX index</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CAC_40" title="CAC 40">CAC 40</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro Stoxx 50">Euro Stoxx 50</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BEL20" class="mw-redirect" title="BEL20">BEL20</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NYSE_Technologies" title="NYSE Technologies">NYSE Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Industry_Regulatory_Authority" title="Financial Industry Regulatory Authority">Financial Industry Regulatory Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Financial_markets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Financial_markets_navigation" title="Template:Financial markets navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Financial_markets_navigation" title="Template talk:Financial markets navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Financial_markets_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Financial markets navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Financial_markets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial markets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_market" title="Primary market">Primary market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_market" title="Secondary market">Secondary market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_market" title="Third market">Third market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_market" title="Fourth market">Fourth market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">Common stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_share" title="Golden share">Golden share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">Preferred stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_stock" title="Restricted stock">Restricted stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_stock" title="Tracking stock">Tracking stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Share_capital" title="Share capital">Share capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorised_capital" title="Authorised capital">Authorised capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issued_shares" title="Issued shares">Issued shares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shares_outstanding" title="Shares outstanding">Shares outstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_stock" title="Treasury stock">Treasury stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Broker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_broker" title="Floor broker">Floor broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-dealer_broker" title="Inter-dealer broker">Inter-dealer broker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker-dealer" title="Broker-dealer">Broker-dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">Market maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">Trader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_trader" title="Floor trader">Floor trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trader</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_analyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantitative analyst">Quantitative analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculator">Speculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scalping_(trading)" title="Scalping (trading)">Scalper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(organized_market)" title="Exchange (organized market)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">List of stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_trading_hours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchange trading hours">Trading hours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter</a> (off-exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_trading_system" title="Alternative trading system">Alternative trading system</a> (ATS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_trading_facility" title="Multilateral trading facility">Multilateral trading facility</a> (MTF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_communication_network" title="Electronic communication network">Electronic communication network</a> (ECN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">Direct market access</a> (DMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-through_processing" title="Straight-through processing">Straight-through processing</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_pool" title="Dark pool">Dark pool</a> (private exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_network" title="Crossing network">Crossing network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_aggregator" title="Foreign exchange aggregator">Liquidity aggregator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_valuation" title="Stock valuation">Stock valuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_(finance)" title="Alpha (finance)">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage_pricing_theory" title="Arbitrage pricing theory">Arbitrage pricing theory</a> (APT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_indicator" title="Buffett indicator">Buffett indicator</a> (Cap-to-GDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_value" title="Book value">Book value</a> (BV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a> (CAPM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market_line" title="Capital market line">Capital market line</a> (CML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_discount_model" title="Dividend discount model">Dividend discount model</a> (DDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_yield" title="Dividend yield">Dividend yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_yield" title="Earnings yield">Earnings yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EV/EBITDA" class="mw-redirect" title="EV/EBITDA">EV/EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fed_model" title="Fed model">Fed model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_asset_value" title="Net asset value">Net asset value</a> (NAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_characteristic_line" title="Security characteristic line">Security characteristic line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_market_line" title="Security market line">Security market line</a> (SML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-model" title="T-model">T-model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading theories<br /> and <a href="/wiki/Trading_strategy" title="Trading strategy">strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_and_hold" title="Buy and hold">Buy and hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrarian_investing" title="Contrarian investing">Contrarian investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging" title="Dollar cost averaging">Dollar cost averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis" title="Efficient-market hypothesis">Efficient-market hypothesis</a> (EMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stock" title="Growth stock">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_timing" title="Market timing">Market timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory" title="Modern portfolio theory">Modern portfolio theory</a> (MPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_investing" title="Momentum investing">Momentum investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_theory_(investments)" title="Mosaic theory (investments)">Mosaic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairs_trade" title="Pairs trade">Pairs trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-modern_portfolio_theory" title="Post-modern portfolio theory">Post-modern portfolio theory</a> (PMPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_walk_hypothesis" title="Random walk hypothesis">Random walk hypothesis</a> (RMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_rotation" title="Sector rotation">Sector rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_investing" title="Style investing">Style investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_trading" title="Swing trading">Swing trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_following" title="Trend following">Trend following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_averaging" title="Value averaging">Value averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_investing" title="Value investing">Value investing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bid%E2%80%93ask_spread" title="Bid–ask spread">Bid–ask spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_trade" title="Block trade">Block trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_listing" title="Cross listing">Cross listing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">Dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-listed_company" title="Dual-listed company">Dual-listed company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPont_analysis" title="DuPont analysis">DuPont analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_frontier" title="Efficient frontier">Efficient frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight-to-quality" title="Flight-to-quality">Flight-to-quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenspan_put" title="Greenspan put">Greenspan put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haircut_(finance)" title="Haircut (finance)">Haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">Initial public offering</a> (IPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_(finance)" title="Long (finance)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_offer" title="Mandatory offer">Mandatory offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anomaly" title="Market anomaly">Market anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_depth" title="Market depth">Market depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_manipulation" title="Market manipulation">Market manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_reversion_(finance)" title="Mean reversion (finance)">Mean reversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(finance)" title="Momentum (finance)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">Open outcry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_book" title="Order book">Order book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_(finance)" title="Position (finance)">Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Public float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_offering" title="Public offering">Public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_(stock_market)" title="Rally (stock market)">Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns-based_style_analysis" title="Returns-based style analysis">Returns-based style analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_stock_split" title="Reverse stock split">Reverse stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">Share repurchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_squeeze" title="Short squeeze">Short squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slippage_(finance)" title="Slippage (finance)">Slippage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze-out" title="Squeeze-out">Squeeze-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_dilution" title="Stock dilution">Stock dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">Stock market index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">Stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_swap" title="Stock swap">Stock swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_(financial_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade (financial instrument)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_offer" title="Tender offer">Tender offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptick_rule" title="Uptick rule">Uptick rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">Volatility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_interest" title="Voting interest">Voting interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_(finance)" title="Yield (finance)">Yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Federation_of_Exchanges" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="Template:World Federation of Exchanges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="Template talk:World Federation of Exchanges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Federation of Exchanges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Federation_of_Exchanges" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Securities_Exchange" title="Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange">Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amman_Stock_Exchange" title="Amman Stock Exchange">Amman Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Stock Exchange">Athens Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Bourse" title="Bahrain Bourse">Bahrain Bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BATS_Global_Markets" title="BATS Global Markets">BATS Global Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Stock_Exchange" title="Bermuda Stock Exchange">Bermuda Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM%26F_Bovespa" class="mw-redirect" title="BM&F Bovespa">BM&F Bovespa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsas_y_Mercados_Espa%C3%B1oles" title="Bolsas y Mercados Españoles">BME Spanish Exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Stock_Exchange" title="Buenos Aires Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Stock_Exchange" title="Santiago Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Valores de Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_Stock_Exchange" title="Lima Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Valores de Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Stock_Exchange" title="Mexican Stock Exchange">Bolsa Mexicana de Valores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Istanbul" title="Borsa Istanbul">Borsa Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Stock_Exchange" title="Casablanca Stock Exchange">Bourse de Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">BSE India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Stock_Exchange_%E2%80%93_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia">Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Bursa Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cboe_Global_Markets" title="Cboe Global Markets">Cboe Global Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Financial_Futures_Exchange" title="China Financial Futures Exchange">China Financial Futures Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CME_Group" title="CME Group">CME Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombo Stock Exchange">Colombo Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Stock_Exchange" title="Cyprus Stock Exchange">Cyprus Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Commodity_Exchange" title="Dalian Commodity Exchange">Dalian Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Financial_Market" title="Dubai Financial Market">Dubai Financial Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Exchange" title="Egyptian Exchange">Egyptian Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Stock_Exchange" title="Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange">Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Exchanges_and_Clearing" title="Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing">Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Indonesia Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York Stock Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Exchange_Group" title="Japan Exchange Group">Japan Exchange Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">JSE Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Stock_Exchange" title="Kazakhstan Stock Exchange">Kazakhstan Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Exchange" title="Korea Exchange">Korea Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Stock_Exchange" title="Luxembourg Stock Exchange">Luxembourg Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Stock_Exchange" title="Malta Stock Exchange">Malta Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a> <i>(suspended)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Securities_Market" title="Muscat Securities Market">Muscat Securities Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_OMX_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ OMX Group">NASDAQ OMX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Exchange" title="International Securities Exchange">International Securities Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Stock Exchange">Nigerian Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Exchange">NZX Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Oslo Børs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Philippine Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar Exchange">Qatar Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadawul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadawul">Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Futures_Exchange" title="Shanghai Futures Exchange">Shanghai Futures Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Exchange" title="Singapore Exchange">Singapore Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Mauritius" title="Stock Exchange of Mauritius">Stock Exchange of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Thailand" title="Stock Exchange of Thailand">Stock Exchange of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Exchange" title="Taipei Exchange">Taipei Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Futures_Exchange" title="Taiwan Futures Exchange">Taiwan Futures Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Stock_Exchange" title="Taiwan Stock Exchange">Taiwan Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMX_Group" title="TMX Group">TMX Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Commodity_Exchange" title="Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange">Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depository_Trust_%26_Clearing_Corporation" title="Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation">Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Options_Clearing_Corporation" title="Options Clearing Corporation">Options Clearing Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Stock_Exchange" title="Beirut Stock Exchange">Beirut Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourse_de_Tunis" title="Bourse de Tunis">Bourse de Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRVM" title="BRVM">BRVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Bucharest Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Stock_Exchange" title="Cayman Islands Stock Exchange">Cayman Islands Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Dhaka Stock Exchange">Dhaka Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Gold_%26_Commodities_Exchange" title="Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange">Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Stock_Exchange" title="Hanoi Stock Exchange">Hanoi Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Commodity_and_Derivatives_Exchange" title="Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange">Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Securities_Exchange" title="Nairobi Securities Exchange">Nairobi Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Stock_Exchange" title="Namibian Stock Exchange">Namibian Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Stock_Exchange" title="Nepal Stock Exchange">Nepal Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Palestine Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby_Stock_Exchange" title="Port Moresby Stock Exchange">Port Moresby Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Stock_Exchange" title="The International Stock Exchange">The International Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Exchange" title="Ukrainian Exchange">Ukrainian Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Correspondents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Stock_Exchange" title="Barbados Stock Exchange">Barbados Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Currency_and_Stock_Exchange" title="Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange">Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Board_of_Trade" title="Rosario Board of Trade">Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boursa_Kuwait" title="Boursa Kuwait">Boursa Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Securities_Exchange" title="Canadian Securities Exchange">Canadian Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean_Securities_Exchange" title="Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange">Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Stock_Exchange" title="Ghana Stock Exchange">Ghana Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Stock_Exchange" title="Jamaica Stock Exchange">Jamaica Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFTS_Ukraine_Stock_Exchange" title="PFTS Ukraine Stock Exchange">PFTS Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Stock_Exchange" title="Sydney Stock Exchange">Sydney Stock Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124897-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79128010">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949451v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949451v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36232762">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="New York Stock Exchange"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20080910016&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90122665">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812433580505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/87356">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265937505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00261773?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1233956">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02745777X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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