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<button aria-controls="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bar_and_local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bar_and_local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Bar and local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bar_and_local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Army service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Second_World_War_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Second_World_War_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Early Second World War service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Second_World_War_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Second Army </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Post-war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Parliamentary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Parliamentary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Early Parliamentary career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Parliamentary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministerial_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministerial_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ministerial offices </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ministerial_offices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ministerial offices subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ministerial_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minister_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Minister of State for Foreign Affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Supply_and_Minister_of_Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Supply_and_Minister_of_Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Minister of Supply and Minister of Defence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Supply_and_Minister_of_Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_Secretary_under_Eden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Secretary_under_Eden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Foreign Secretary under Eden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Secretary_under_Eden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointment_and_early_months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment_and_early_months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Appointment and early months </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_and_early_months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suez_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suez_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Suez crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suez_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_Secretary_under_Macmillan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Secretary_under_Macmillan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign Secretary under Macmillan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Secretary_under_Macmillan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reappointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reappointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Reappointment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reappointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1957" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 1957 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1958" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1958"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.3 1958 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1958-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1959" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1959"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.4 1959 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1959-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1959–60" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1959–60"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.5 1959–60 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1959–60-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Chancellor of the Exchequer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointment_and_economic_backdrop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment_and_economic_backdrop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Appointment and economic backdrop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_and_economic_backdrop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1961:_Budget_and_July_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1961:_Budget_and_July_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 1961: Budget and July measures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1961:_Budget_and_July_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1961:_NEDC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1961:_NEDC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.3 1961: NEDC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1961:_NEDC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1962:_second_budget_and_Orpington" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1962:_second_budget_and_Orpington"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.4 1962: second budget and Orpington </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1962:_second_budget_and_Orpington-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1962:_Macmillan's_wish_for_an_incomes_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1962:_Macmillan's_wish_for_an_incomes_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.5 1962: Macmillan's wish for an incomes policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1962:_Macmillan's_wish_for_an_incomes_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dismissal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dismissal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.6 Dismissal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dismissal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Out_of_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Out_of_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Out of office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Out_of_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_the_front_bench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_the_front_bench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Return to the front bench </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_the_front_bench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Speaker of the House of Commons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peerage_and_later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peerage_and_later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Peerage and later life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peerage_and_later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Homosexuality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Assessment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Arms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" > 17 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="سيلوين لويد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيلوين لويد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سلوین لوید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلوین لوید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="جون لويد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون لويد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Selwyn_Brooke_Lloyd" title="John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ллойд, Селвин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ллойд, Селвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B4" title="Селвин Лојд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Селвин Лојд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Selwyn Lloyd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Селвін Ллойд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Селвін Ллойд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%9F%83" title="塞爾文·勞埃 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Selwyn-Lloyd</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Decoration" title="Territorial Decoration">TD</a> <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:SelwynLloyd1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SelwynLloyd1960.jpg/220px-SelwynLloyd1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SelwynLloyd1960.jpg/330px-SelwynLloyd1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SelwynLloyd1960.jpg/440px-SelwynLloyd1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1024" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Lloyd in 1960</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 12 January 1971 – 3 February 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horace_King,_Baron_Maybray-King" title="Horace King, Baron Maybray-King">Horace King</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas,_1st_Viscount_Tonypandy" title="George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy">George Thomas</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Shadow Leader of the House of Commons">Shadow Leader of the House of Commons</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 October 1964 – 4 August 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alec_Douglas-Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alec Douglas-Home">Sir Alec Douglas-Home</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Bowden">Herbert Bowden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Peart">Fred Peart</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 October 1963 – 16 October 1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alec_Douglas-Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alec Douglas-Home">Sir Alec Douglas-Home</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Iain Macleod</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">The Earl of Longford</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 27 July 1960 – 13 July 1962</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat_Amory" class="mw-redirect" title="Derick Heathcoat Amory">Derick Heathcoat Amory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 22 December 1955 – 27 July 1960</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alec_Douglas-Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alec Douglas-Home">Sir Alec Douglas-Home</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister of Defence (United Kingdom)">Minister of Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 7 April 1955 – 20 December 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Monckton" title="Walter Monckton">Walter Monckton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Supply" title="Minister of Supply">Minister of Supply</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 October 1954 – 7 April 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sandys" title="Duncan Sandys">Duncan Sandys</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 8 March 1976 – 17 May 1978 <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life peerage</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wirral_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wirral (UK Parliament constituency)">Wirral</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 5 July 1945 – 11 March 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Crosland_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Crosland Graham">Alan Crosland Graham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Wirral" title="David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral">David Hunt</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd</div> (1904-07-28)28 July 1904 <a href="/wiki/West_Kirby" title="West Kirby">West Kirby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 May 1978(1978-05-17) (aged 73) <a href="/wiki/Preston_Crowmarsh" title="Preston Crowmarsh">Preston Crowmarsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> (before 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (1945–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)#Non-partisanship" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">None</a> (after 1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Elizabeth Marshall</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)</div> (died 2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fettes_College" title="Fettes College">Fettes College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene College, Cambridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_the_British_Army_%281938%E2%80%93present%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army_%281938%E2%80%93present%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_the_British_Army_%281938%E2%80%93present%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army_%281938%E2%80%93present%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_the_British_Army_%281938%E2%80%93present%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army_%281938%E2%80%93present%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1144" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1937–1955</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falaise_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Falaise Pocket">Falaise Pocket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_advance_from_Paris_to_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine">Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Operation Plunder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in despatches">Mentioned in despatches</a> (2x) <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Decoration" title="Territorial Decoration">Territorial Decoration</a> <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> (Commander)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> John Selwyn Brooke Selwyn-Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Decoration" title="Territorial Decoration">TD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a> (28 July 1904 – 17 May 1978)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> was a British politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> from 1971 to 1976, having previously held various ministerial positions under <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Ministers</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> between 1954 and 1964. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> Lloyd served as <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> from 1955 to 1960 and as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> from 1960 to 1962. He was the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Wirral_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wirral (UK Parliament constituency)">Wirral</a> from 1945 to 1976. Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, Lloyd was an active <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> as a young man in the 1920s. In the following decade, he practised as a <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a> and served on <a href="/wiki/Hoylake_Urban_District" title="Hoylake Urban District">Hoylake Urban District</a> Council, by which time he had become a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> sympathiser. During the Second World War he rose to be Deputy Chief of Staff of <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a>, playing an important role in planning sea transport to the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy beachhead</a> and reaching the acting rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">brigadier</a>. Elected to Parliament in <a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a> as a Conservative, he held ministerial office from <a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a>, eventually rising to be <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> from April 1955. His tenure coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, for which he at first attempted to negotiate a peaceful settlement, before reluctantly assisting with Eden's wish to negotiate collusion with France and Israel as a prelude to military action. He continued as Foreign Secretary under the premiership of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> until July 1960, when he was moved to the job of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>. In this job he set up the <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Development_Council" title="National Economic Development Council">NEDC</a>, but became an increasingly unpopular figure because of the contractionary measures which he felt compelled to take, including the "Pay Pause" of July 1961, culminating in the sensational Liberal victory at the <a href="/wiki/1962_Orpington_by-election" title="1962 Orpington by-election">Orpington by-election</a> in March 1962. In July 1962 Macmillan dismissed him from the Cabinet, making him the highest-profile casualty in the reshuffle known as the "<a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives_(1962)" title="Night of the Long Knives (1962)">Night of the Long Knives</a>". He returned to office under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> (1963–64), and was <a href="/wiki/1971_Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons_election" title="1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> from 1971 until his retirement in 1976. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was born on 28 July 1904 at Red Bank in <a href="/wiki/West_Kirby" title="West Kirby">West Kirby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p157-4">[3]</a> His father, John Wesley Lloyd (1865–1954), was a dental surgeon and Methodist lay preacher of Welsh descent; his mother, Mary Rachel Warhurst (1872–1959), was distantly related to <a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">Field Marshal Sir John French</a>. He had three sisters.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p157-4">[3]</a> Lloyd was educated at the Leas School and as a boy was particularly interested in military history,<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p157-4">[3]</a> to which he later attributed his successful military career.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> In 1918, aged thirteen, he won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Fettes_College" title="Fettes College">Fettes College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> As a junior boy there, where he was nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a>", after his initials JSBL, he became embroiled in a homosexual scandal, but was deemed to be the innocent party, escaping punishment, while three older boys were expelled.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cambridge">Cambridge</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cambridge">edit</a>]</div> In October 1923, he went up, as a scholar, to <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene College, Cambridge</a>, where <a href="/wiki/A._C._Benson" title="A. C. Benson">A. C. Benson</a> was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Masters_of_Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Masters of Magdalene College, Cambridge">Master</a>. There he was a friend of the future Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Lloyd acquired the nickname "Peter" at this time.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Lloyd played rugby and was disappointed not to get a <a href="/wiki/Blue_(university_sport)" title="Blue (university sport)">Blue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p26-11">[10]</a> In October 1924, his sister Eileen sailed to India to marry and work as a doctor. She died there the following January, aged 25.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Lloyd was an active Liberal as a young man, and in March 1925 he entertained <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> at Magdalene after a Liberal Party meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Guildhall" title="Cambridge Guildhall">Cambridge Guildhall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> He became President of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Liberal_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Liberal Club">Cambridge University Liberal Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Lloyd was also an active debater in the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Union Society">Cambridge Union Society</a>, where his sparring-partners included <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Devlin,_Baron_Devlin" title="Patrick Devlin, Baron Devlin">Patrick Devlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Foot">Hugh Foot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_King-Hamilton" title="Alan King-Hamilton">Alan King-Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lloyd,_Baron_Geoffrey-Lloyd" title="Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd">Geoffrey Lloyd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Lloyd lost his scholarship in June 1925, after obtaining a <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Second</a> in Classics. He then switched to study History, in which he also obtained a Second.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">General Strike</a> of May 1926, Lloyd, who earlier that year had begun eating dinners at <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a> with a view to qualifying as a <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a>, volunteered as a Special Constable. He later became critical of the Conservative Government's clampdown on trade unions, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Disputes_and_Trade_Unions_Act_1927" title="Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927">Trades Disputes Act of 1927</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p35-17">[16]</a> The university authorities encouraged students who had worked for the government so close to their exams to extend their studies for an extra year, which meant that Lloyd was able to spend a very rare fifth year as an undergraduate.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p35-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> had become Liberal leader and was injecting money and ideas into the Liberal Party, and was keen to attract promising young candidates. Selwyn Lloyd was a frequent speaker for the Liberal Party from 1926 onwards.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> In 1926 he toyed, not entirely seriously, with the idea of joining the Labour Party.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p56-7-19">[18]</a> In Michaelmas Term 1926, Lloyd and Devlin (then president of the Cambridge Union) persuaded <a href="/wiki/Walter_Citrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Citrine">Walter Citrine</a> to join Lloyd in opposing the motion that "The power of trade unions has increased, is increasing and ought to be diminished" (an echo of <a href="/wiki/John_Dunning,_1st_Baron_Ashburton" title="John Dunning, 1st Baron Ashburton">Dunning</a>'s famous motion on the power of the Crown in 1780). They had invited the miners' leader <a href="/wiki/A._J._Cook_(trade_unionist)" title="A. J. Cook (trade unionist)">A. J. Cook</a>, to the consternation of the town authorities, but in the event he was unable to attend. Lloyd won the debate by 378 votes to 237 and was elected secretary for Lent Term 1927, putting him on track to be vice-president for Easter (summer) Term 1927, then president in Michaelmas 1927.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> He took office as president in June 1927. At his retiring debate in November 1927, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Samuel Hoare</a> and Rab Butler (then being selected as Tory candidate for <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Walden_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Saffron Walden (UK Parliament constituency)">Saffron Walden</a>) spoke.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Lloyd finally graduated with a third-class in Part II of the Law <a href="/wiki/Tripos" title="Tripos">Tripos</a> in June 1928.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p26-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bar_and_local_government">Bar and local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bar and local government">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was a Liberal Parliamentary candidate at <a href="/wiki/Macclesfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Macclesfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Macclesfield</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929 general election</a>, coming third. After this he concentrated on his legal career. He was called to the bar in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-ODNB-22">[21]</a> As a barrister, he was an opponent of capital punishment and was not always deferential to the bench: when a judge suggested holding a special sitting on the morning of <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, he withdrew his suggestion after Lloyd pointed out that the last judge to do so had been <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> Like many young politicians, in 1930–1931 Lloyd was sympathetic to <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Party_(UK)" title="New Party (UK)">New Party</a> and was disappointed that it made so little headway.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> He declined to stand again for Macclesfield as a Liberal in 1931 over tariffs,<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p56-7-19">[18]</a> and thought the rump <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party</a> not worth joining.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> Lloyd voted Conservative for the first time at the <a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931 election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> although in that year he declined an invitation to join the Conservative Party candidates' list.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p59-24">[23]</a> He joined <a href="/wiki/Hoylake" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban District Council">Urban District Council</a> on 19 April 1932, as a councillor for Grange Ward. For three years he was chairman of the Estates Finance Committee, managing a budget in excess of £250,000, equivalent to £21,920,682 in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p59-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-measuringworth.com-25">[24]</a> At the age of 32 he became the youngest-ever chairman of the council.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> As chairman, in 1937, he was in charge of the local <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth">Coronation festivities</a>, an event which he used to strengthen his links with the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Army (UK)">Territorial Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p61-26">[25]</a> He continued to serve on the council until 1940.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> In the early 1960s he was often mocked as "Mr Hoylake UDC", implying him to be a small-town lawyer and local councillor who had been promoted onto the national stage above his abilities.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p61-26">[25]</a> Lloyd considered himself a Conservative from the mid-1930s, but did not formally join the Conservative Party until he was selected as a Parliamentary candidate in 1945; he later wrote that he would have taken a more active role in Conservative politics had it not been for the war.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_service">Army service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Army service">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_Second_World_War_service">Early Second World War service</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Second World War service">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd became a reserve officer in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p76-27">[26]</a> In January 1939 he helped to raise a second line unit of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horse_Artillery" title="Royal Horse Artillery">Royal Horse Artillery</a> in the North-West.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> He was commissioned as a regular <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_Kingdom_and_Commonwealth" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> on 27 June 1939,<a href="#cite_note-Quarterly_Army_List_45-28">[27]</a> and by August, with war seeming ever more likely, he was an acting <a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">captain</a> and acting <a href="/wiki/Brigade_major" title="Brigade major">brigade major</a> to Brigadier Cherry, CRA (<a href="/wiki/Commander,_Royal_Artillery" title="Commander, Royal Artillery">Commander, Royal Artillery</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Infantry_Division" title="55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division">55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division</a>, a first-line <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Territorial Army</a> formation.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> His obituary in The Times later stated wrongly that he had begun the war as a private.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p76-27">[26]</a> On the outbreak of war Lloyd's patron Brigadier Cherry sponsored him for the <a href="/wiki/Staff_College,_Camberley" title="Staff College, Camberley">Staff College, Camberley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p71-30">[29]</a> Many of those sent to the Staff College in 1939 were barristers, businessmen, school and university teachers thought likely to have an aptitude for staff work;<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Horrocks" title="Brian Horrocks">Brian Horrocks</a> was one of his instructors.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> Out of 110 officers in his intake, he was one of 22 passed as fit for immediate staff duty. He was appointed BMRA (Brigade major, Royal Artillery) to Brigadier Cherry, despite "not knowing anything about guns etc".<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p71-30">[29]</a> By the spring of 1940 the 55th Division was on duty defending the Suffolk Coast against possible invasion.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In February 1941, by now an acting <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">major</a>, he was a <a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General Staff Officer Grade 2</a> (GSO2) at the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Allfrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Allfrey">Charles Allfrey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/43rd_(Wessex)_Infantry_Division" title="43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division">43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division</a>, another first-line TA formation. The division was part of <a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XII Corps (United Kingdom)">XII Corps</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorne" title="Andrew Thorne">Andrew Thorne</a>, but he was replaced in April 1941 by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a>, who soon noted Lloyd as a promising officer. Montgomery was promoted to command <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Command" title="Aldershot Command">South-Eastern Command</a> at Reigate (he soon renamed it "South Eastern Army") and on 18 December 1941 Lloyd was posted to join him.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p73-5-33">[32]</a> By 1942, Lloyd was a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">lieutenant colonel</a> (GSO1) on the staff.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> He wanted to see fighting, and was disappointed not to be posted to Egypt with Montgomery when the latter took command of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">Eighth Army</a> in August 1942. Montgomery told him that temporary officers lacked the aptitude of regulars for fighting, but were often better at staff work.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p73-5-33">[32]</a> On 6 November, Lloyd was promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel (war-substantive major).<a href="#cite_note-Quarterly_Army_List_45-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_Army">Second Army</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second Army">edit</a>]</div> In the spring of 1943 Lloyd was posted to the staff of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding" class="mw-redirect" title="General Officer Commanding">General Officer Commanding</a> (GOC) was Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anderson_(British_Army_officer)" title="Kenneth Anderson (British Army officer)">Sir Kenneth Anderson</a>, which was then being formed for participation in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> He was appointed an <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">Officer of the Order of the British Empire</a> (OBE) in June 1943.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Between June and August 1943 Lloyd was sent on a fact-finding trip to Algiers, Malta and Sicily, to examine German beach defences and to learn lessons from the recent <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Husky" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Husky">Operation Husky</a> landings, and on his return had to make presentations to senior officers.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> On 14 December 1943, he was promoted to acting colonel,<a href="#cite_note-Quarterly_Army_List_45-28">[27]</a> and by February 1944 was Deputy Chief of Staff of the Second Army, now commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Miles_Dempsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Miles Dempsey">Sir Miles Dempsey</a>. He later recalled that the work preparing for the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> was more intense than at any other time in his life.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> By March 1944 Montgomery, who, after commanding the Eighth Army in <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a>, Sicily and <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a>, had returned to England in late December 1943 to take command of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Army_Group" title="21st Army Group">21st Army Group</a>, knew him well enough to call him "Selwyn". Lloyd grew particularly close to Dempsey, with whom he crossed over to Normandy on D-Day and who remained a personal friend for the rest for their lives.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Lloyd's particular responsibility was preparation of the "loading tables", allocating priceless shipping space to men, weapons, equipment and other supplies.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p78-38">[37]</a> As a result of Lloyd's work, the deployment to the bridgehead went almost entirely according to plan. The only unforeseen problem was an outbreak of malaria caused by an infestation of mosquitoes around a flooded ditch in <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="I Corps (United Kingdom)">I Corps</a> sector, for which Lloyd had to arrange the transfer of malaria vaccines from Burma.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p78-38">[37]</a> In October 1944, although not yet a member of the Conservative Party, he accepted an invitation to apply for the Conservative candidacy for the Wirral, where the sitting MP was retiring.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> He was selected in preference to a <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> bearing rival, who refused to pledge to live in the constituency; when asked Lloyd replied that he had "never lived anywhere else".<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> In January 1945, he was unanimously adopted as the Conservative candidate whilst home on leave.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> Lloyd was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) in February 1945<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> and was promoted to acting <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">brigadier</a> on 8 March 1945.<a href="#cite_note-Quarterly_Army_List_45-28">[27]</a> He was twice mentioned in despatches, the second of these being amongst a list of soldiers honoured for the 1944-5 campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Lloyd was with the Allied forces which liberated <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen concentration camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> He seldom spoke about Belsen, but later recalled seeing inmates living like animals, defecating in public view, and that there was no smell from the 10,000 corpses lying unburied (another 17,000 died after liberation) as they were emaciated, with no flesh to putrefy.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Lloyd was also sent by Dempsey to identify <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>'s body after his suicide.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> Lloyd ended his active army service with the honorary rank of colonel.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Apart from his CBE, he was also decorated with the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> in the degree of Commander.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war">Post-war</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-war">edit</a>]</div> On 18 July 1947, Lloyd was appointed the honorary Colonel of 349 <a href="/wiki/37th_(Tyne_Electrical_Engineers)_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery" title="37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery">37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Decoration" title="Territorial Decoration">Territorial Decoration</a> (TD) in August 1951.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> He retired from the Territorial Army Reserve on 2 March 1955 with the honorary rank of colonel.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Parliamentary_career">Early Parliamentary career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early Parliamentary career">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was elected to the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Wirral_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wirral (UK Parliament constituency)">Wirral</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945 general election</a> by a majority of 16,625.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">[5]</a> His maiden speech on 12 February 1946 was not on an anodyne constituency matter as is usual for new MPs, but instead on the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Disputes_and_Trade_Unions_Act_1946" title="Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1946">Trades Disputes and Trades Unions Bill</a>, reflecting his interest in the subject going back to his student days.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> Lloyd's entry to Parliament gave him a headstart over other rising Conservative politicians who did not enter Parliament until <a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a>. He became a member of the "Young Turks" faction of the Conservative Party. He was able to stand out amongst the small contingent of Conservative MPs in the 1945–50 Parliament, and worked closely with both Anthony Eden and Rab Butler.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> Lloyd continued his legal career, <a href="/wiki/Taking_silk" class="mw-redirect" title="Taking silk">taking silk</a> in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> He was the <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(judge)" title="Recorder (judge)">Recorder</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a> between 1948 and 1951.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> In 1946-7 his annual earnings including his salary as an MP were £4,485, of which the bar made up £3,231 (around £150,000 and £110,000 at 2016 prices). In 1947-8 his earnings dropped to £3,140, of which £1,888 was at the bar (around £100,000 and £60,000 at 2016 prices). Thereafter his earnings continued to decline, as he was busy in Parliament and with his recordership, and he did not have time to carve out a new niche for himself as a King's Counsel either on the North-West Circuit or in London.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-measuringworth.com-25">[24]</a> Lloyd expressed his opposition to capital punishment during the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_Act_1948" title="Criminal Justice Act 1948">Criminal Justice Act 1948</a>, and built relationships with other abolitionist MPs including <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Silverman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Silverman">Sidney Silverman</a>. Lloyd gave a dissenting voice on the Beveridge Broadcasting Committee,<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> and was sometimes known as "The Father of Commercial Television" after his minority report of 1949 helped inspire the setting-up of <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_Network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV (TV Network)">ITV</a> in 1955. Lloyd believed that competition would help to raise standards, although in later life he came to be disappointed at how much of television time was given over to entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministerial_offices">Ministerial offices</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ministerial offices">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs">Minister of State for Foreign Affairs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Minister of State for Foreign Affairs">edit</a>]</div> When the Conservatives returned to power under <a href="/wiki/Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill">Churchill</a> in 1951, Lloyd served under <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1951 to 1954. Lloyd later claimed (his biographer D.R. Thorpe writes that the story had clearly grown in the telling) that on his appointment he protested: 'But, sir, there must be some mistake. I do not speak any foreign language. Except in war, I have never visited any foreign country. I do not like foreigners. I have never spoken in any foreign-affairs debate in the House. I have never listened to one.' 'Young man, these all seem to me to be positive advantages,' growled Churchill in return.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Churchill initially thought Selwyn Lloyd "that most dangerous of men, the clever fool" after he signed an agreement at the UN after misunderstanding his brief, when the order was to be noncommittal. Churchill later revised his opinion upwards.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> In June 1952 Lloyd and Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis">Lord Alexander</a> (Minister of Defence) visited Korea, first calling on Alexander's old subordinate General <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">Mark Clark</a>, now <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Command" title="United Nations Command">UN Supreme Commander</a> in the Region, then the South Korean leader <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean battlefield</a>. They returned via Ottawa (where Alexander had recently been <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of Canada">Governor-General</a>) and Washington, where they visited President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> While attending the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and related international diplomatic gatherings, became closer to India's <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Menon" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Menon">Krishna Menon</a>, ultimately being accused by <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> of being a card-carrying member of the "<a href="/wiki/Menon_cabal" title="Menon cabal">Menon cabal</a>'' alongside Canada's <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Pearson">Lester Pearson</a> and Australia's <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">R.C. Casey.</a> In Egypt, which had been a British client state since 1883, the pro-British <a href="/wiki/King_Farouk" class="mw-redirect" title="King Farouk">King Farouk</a> was <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian revolution of 1952">overthrown in July 1952</a>. Lloyd helped to negotiate the treaty (12 February 1953) which gave Sudan (in theory jointly administered by Britain and Egypt) self-government for three years as a stepping-stone to a decision on full independence.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Lloyd visited Cairo in March 1953, where he met the new Egyptian leader <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Naguib" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Naguib">General Neguib</a>, and his right-hand man <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Nasser">Colonel Nasser</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In February 1954 Lloyd met Neguib again in Khartoum.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p177-57">[56]</a> His visit to the Sudan saw riots in Khartoum and worries that he might meet the same fate as <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">General Gordon</a> in 1885. He wrote of the Sudan: "It is futile to try and outstay one's welcome".<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> Later in February 1954 Neguib was ousted by Nasser. The Suez Base Agreement, whereby Britain agreed to withdraw her troops from Egypt by 1956, was on 27 July 1954.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p177-57">[56]</a> Lloyd would have preferred a slower withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Lloyd attended over a hundred Cabinet meetings, many of them whilst covering for Eden during his serious illness in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Supply_and_Minister_of_Defence">Minister of Supply and Minister of Defence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Minister of Supply and Minister of Defence">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Supply" title="Minister of Supply">Minister of Supply</a>, responsible for supplying the Armed Forces, in October 1954.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> Lloyd entered the Cabinet as Minister of Defence on Eden's accession to the premiership in April 1955.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> Just after the <a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955 election</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> and Harold Macmillan, he was put on the committee to advise Eden about the upcoming summit, the first since the war.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> He was Minister of Defence, a very prestigious post in Conservative eyes, for less than a year and the dates of his tenure meant that he was not in office during the annual defence white paper and defence debate; however, he made important innovations in long-term expenditure planning.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-48">[47]</a> The Chiefs of Staff of the three services still had direct right of access to the Prime Minister. Lloyd began a gradual process of consolidation of control of the Armed Forces which would finally come to fruition a decade or so later, with the three service ministries consolidated into a single Ministry of Defence and the three service chiefs reporting to a powerful <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of Defence Staff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_Secretary_under_Eden">Foreign Secretary under Eden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign Secretary under Eden">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Appointment_and_early_months">Appointment and early months</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Appointment and early months">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> in December 1955, in place of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> who was seen as too strong and independent a figure for Eden's tastes.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a> In his early days at the Foreign Office Lloyd was known to irritate his subordinates with bad puns, such as "Good for <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Nutting" title="Anthony Nutting">Nutting</a>" and "You're a deb, Sir <a href="/wiki/Gladwyn_Jebb" title="Gladwyn Jebb">Gladwyn Jebb</a>".<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> The Foreign Office mandarin Sir <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Shuckburgh" title="Evelyn Shuckburgh">Evelyn Shuckburgh</a> complained in his diary (9 December 1955) that they were to "be landed with that bloody Selwyn Lloyd".<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Eden and Lloyd visited Washington for talks with his American counterpart, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>, on 30 January 1956, and wondered how long Britain could continue to cooperate with <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Nasser">Colonel Nasser</a>. Dulles was only willing to offer Britain "moral" support against Nasser.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On 31 January Lloyd and Dulles had a private meeting about <a href="/wiki/SEATO" class="mw-redirect" title="SEATO">SEATO</a>. Dulles took the lead in private, but would not lead or support Britain in public, although the two men got on well when Dulles realised that Lloyd could not be browbeaten.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> On 21 March Lloyd obtained Cabinet approval for a policy of hostility to Nasser, who was seen as a threat to British interests in the Middle East, and of building new British alliances with Jordan and Iraq. Part of this policy was the withdrawal of American and British financial aid for the <a href="/wiki/Aswan_High_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Aswan High Dam">Aswan High Dam</a>, which would trigger Nasser's nationalisation of the Canal.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p114-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suez_crisis">Suez crisis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Suez crisis">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suez_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez crisis">Suez crisis</a></div> The Suez Crisis began in earnest on 26 July 1956 when Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a> Eden straightaway included Lloyd on the Egypt Committee, which met for the first time on 27 July, and would meet 42 times between then and 9 November.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p217-8-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Lloyd preferred negotiations to force and, with his experience of military logistics, was sceptical as to whether a successful invasion could even be mounted.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a> British reservists were called up on 2 August, and on that day Macmillan raised with the Egypt Committee the prospect of Israel attacking Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p220-69">[68]</a> On 10 August Lloyd had a difficult meeting with the directors of the Suez Canal Company.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p221-70">[69]</a> On 14 August Eden and Lloyd met with the Labour leaders, who were opposed to the use of force without UN authorisation.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p221-70">[69]</a> On 14 August Lloyd broadcast about the crisis to the public, and his talk was published in <a href="/wiki/The_Listener_(magazine)" title="The Listener (magazine)">The Listener</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p220-69">[68]</a> The first London Conference of nations with an interest in using the canal met from 16 to 23 August,<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> and Lloyd was elected chairman.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p221-70">[69]</a> Lloyd helped to negotiate a formula for a new convention, in which Egypt would receive increased canal revenues and would have a place on the board of a new operating company.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a> On 5 September Lloyd flew to Paris for talks with <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Spaak</a> about the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> upcoming meeting.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p223-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> On 7 September Lloyd was warned by <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_External_Affairs_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for External Affairs (Canada)">his Canadian counterpart</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Pearson">Lester Pearson</a> that neither the US nor Canada would allow the UN to be used as a cover for war. On 9 September Nasser rejected the proposals offered by the 18 powers at the London Conference. On 10 September the Cabinet agreed the Egypt Committee Plan to deprive Nasser of Suez Canal revenues, provided the US agreed. At Cabinet on 11 September 1956 (where Lloyd reported that the Menzies Mission had failed) Eden gave what Lloyd later called the "clearest possible indication of intention to use force".<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Lloyd chaired the Second London Conference (19 – 21 September), working on Dulles' SCUA (Suez Canal Users' Association) proposal, a plan with which he was willing to cooperate. He wanted an immediate appeal to the UN to enforce rights of passage.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a> On 24 September Lloyd was interviewed on <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panorama (TV series)">Panorama</a>, and stated that force would only be used as a last resort. On 26 September Lloyd informed the Cabinet about the failure of the Second London Conference. Eden and Lloyd flew to Paris for talks with <a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Guy Mollet</a> (French Prime Minister) and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Christian Pineau</a> (French Foreign Minister). At dinner, Harold Macmillan rang from the IMF meeting in New York. On the morning of 27 September there were further Anglo-French talks before Eden and Lloyd returned to London. The Third London Conference opened at 11am on 1 October, but Lloyd flew to New York at 8.30pm that day, and would be out of the country until 16 October. At the UN talks, Britain and France felt that Dulles was not ruling out the use of force as a last resort.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> In New York Lloyd attended the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> meeting, where he met Christian Pineau and <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Fawzi" title="Mahmoud Fawzi">Dr Fawzi</a>, the French and Egyptian foreign ministers.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a> On 10 and 11 October Lloyd had various talks with Fawzi. By 13 October the Seven Points were agreed, which would become the "Six Principles".<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Lloyd later wrote that agreement had been reached on the Six Principles, but not on how to implement them, although he conceded that Nasser had never accepted the principle that the Canal could not be under the control of any one country.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Fawzi had been sympathetic to Lloyd's Six Principles, but with Soviet encouragement Egypt soon opposed the idea that the Canal not be controlled by any one country. Some of the Cabinet, including Lord Home, thought that Lloyd's "Six Principles" might have avoided armed conflict, while Lloyd himself thought that he had negotiated "a good-natured preamble to a missing treaty".<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p230-79">[78]</a> With Lloyd still in New York, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gazier" title="Albert Gazier">Albert Gazier</a> (acting French Foreign Minister while Pineau was in New York) and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Challe" title="Maurice Challe">General Challe</a> (Deputy Chief of French Air Staff) visited Eden for a secret meeting at <a href="/wiki/Chequers" title="Chequers">Chequers</a> on 14 October. Before the meeting Gladwyn Jebb, who was not invited, sent Eden a personal telegram to dissuade him, but the meeting merely impressed Eden with French resolve. Concerned that if war broke out in the Middle East Britain might have to take the side of her ally Jordan against France's ally Israel, the French leaders outlined "The Plan" to Eden and Nutting: in the event of Israel attacking Egypt, Britain and France would intervene jointly to protect the canal, as Britain was entitled to do under the 1954 Treaty, and enforce international law. Eden recalled Lloyd from New York after Nutting had suggested that no decision could be taken without the Foreign Secretary.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p230-79">[78]</a> Lloyd arrived late and jet-lagged for the 16 October meeting of the Egypt Committee in London; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Nutting" title="Anthony Nutting">Anthony Nutting</a>, junior Foreign Office minister, had stood in for him for the first part of the meeting. Nutting later claimed that on arrival Lloyd told him he'd "clinched it", i.e. achieved a deal in which the Canal would stay nationalised, and that he had replied "we must have nothing to do with this" when Nutting tipped him off about the French plan.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p230-1-80">[79]</a> When the meeting resumed, Eden did not mention Lloyd's negotiations in New York but instead praised the French plan, which Lloyd later wrote of as "the plan for which I did not care".<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p253-81">[80]</a> After an indeterminate discussion, Eden had lunch with Lloyd, and persuaded him that his New York agreement with Fawzi would never hold up and persuaded him to come to Paris to meet the French. At 4pm Eden and Lloyd flew to Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p230-1-80">[79]</a> In Paris Eden and Lloyd had talks with their French counterparts Prime Minister Guy Mollet and Foreign Minister Christian Pineau.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Nutting later told the author Hugh Thomas that Lloyd had been "brainwashed" by Eden; Thomas toned this down in his 1967 book to "swept along". On 16 October Sir Gladwyn Jebb met Eden and Lloyd at Paris airport. In the car he asked Eden if he'd received his telegram about the French sending Mystere jets to Israel. Over Jebb's protests, the ambassadors were not invited to the Anglo-French talks.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Lloyd continued to press his doubts, but to no avail. He urged international control over toll increases, with disputes referred to an independent body. The French insisted that Dulles was double-crossing the British and that SCUA was simply intended to play for time so that the British would not formally appeal to the Security Council. Mollet also said that the Egyptians had made so many threats to exterminate Israel that Israel could legitimately attack Egypt and plead self-defence. Eden was worried that the UK might have to come to Jordan's defence in the event of a Middle Eastern War (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Fedayeen">Palestinian guerrillas</a> were operating against Israel from the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, which would be under <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian control</a> until 1967).<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p233-84">[83]</a> Lloyd later described 18 October as "an important day". Jebb had protested to Ivone Kirkpatrick at the exclusion of the ambassadors from the Anglo-French talks and had sent Lloyd a handwritten threat of resignation. Before the Cabinet meeting at 10 Downing Street that morning, Lloyd buttonholed Rab Butler outside the Cabinet Room.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p233-84">[83]</a> Butler later recorded (and Lloyd's account is similar) that Lloyd had gripped him by the arm, telling him that he had been "wafted" to Paris and warning him confidentially that there might be a preemptive strike by Israel against Jordan, Egypt and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-Jago_2015,_p287-85">[84]</a> Butler's biographer Michael Jago thinks that Lloyd's behaviour was evidence that he was out of his depth.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Lloyd reported to the Cabinet on the Security Council vote to keep the Canal insulated from the politics of any one country, despite Soviet veto of the second part of the resolution. There was to be another meeting in Geneva, with Egyptian participation. The Cabinet approved, but then moved on to Eden's disingenuous warnings that negotiations might be overtaken by hostilities between Israel and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Eden informed ministers that a plan (Operation "Musketeer Revise") was being drawn up to retake the Canal by force.<a href="#cite_note-Jago_2015,_p287-85">[84]</a> "Musketeer Revise" was practicable only until the end of October, although in the event a slightly amended version was used for military operations in November.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p223-72">[71]</a> Afterwards Eden circulated a minute that he'd told the French that every effort must be made to stop Israel attacking Jordan, but that he had told Israel that Britain would not come to Egypt's aid in the event of an Israeli attack.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p116-88">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Trevelyan,_Baron_Trevelyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan">Sir Humphrey Trevelyan</a>, British Ambassador to Egypt, telegraphed to warn that Nasser was not willing to compromise on Egyptian control of the Canal. This marked the apparent failure of Lloyd's attempt to negotiate a peaceful settlement and was, in the view of his biographer, the moment which he should perhaps have used an excuse to resign.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p234-89">[88]</a> Lloyd went to Chequers on Sunday 21 October (having been summoned by Eden on the phone the previous day). The press were told that Lloyd had a cold so that he could go to Paris in secret to meet the Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> Lloyd, accompanied by his Private Secretary <a href="/wiki/Donald_Logan" title="Donald Logan">Donald Logan</a>, then went to <a href="/wiki/Sevres" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevres">Sevres</a>, just outside Paris, on 22 October. Eden insisted that British action not be in response to Israeli demands.<a href="#cite_note-Jago_2015,_p288-9-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Logan drove Lloyd to the airport in his own car to maintain secrecy, although he was not told the destination until they were underway. David Carlton argued that this tied Lloyd into the conspiracy by getting him to meet Ben Gurion.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Lloyd met Pineau, who said that the Israelis would attack Egypt but only with Anglo-French air support.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p238-93">[92]</a> Lloyd then, at 7pm, met the Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, who like Pineau was disappointed by his obvious lack of enthusiasm for military action. Lloyd warned that the UN, the Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries were opposed to the use of force. Israel demanded that British <a href="/wiki/Canberra_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Canberra bomber">Canberra bombers</a> bomb Egypt from their bases in Cyprus; Lloyd merely promised to seek the Cabinet's opinion on the matter. Lloyd demanded that British airstrikes be delayed for 48 hours after the outbreak of hostilities, so that collusion would not be too obvious, but in the end compromised on 36 hours. Lloyd was still worried about an Israeli attack on Jordan. Dayan later recalled that "[Lloyd]'s manner could not have been more antagonistic. His whole demeanour expressed distaste – for the place, the company, and the topic … His opening remarks suggested the tactics of a customer bargaining with extortionate merchants." Lloyd left towards midnight.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jago_2015,_p288-9-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> The next morning, 23 October, Lloyd reported to a group of senior ministers (not the whole Egypt Committee), then to the Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> Eden told the Cabinet that there had been secret talks with Israel in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p116-88">[87]</a> Lloyd told the Cabinet that he was still hoping for a peaceful settlement, but that the French were not interested in a peaceful settlement and that Nasser would retain his interest in the Middle East. Eden told that Cabinet that, based on what Lloyd said, and contrary to Eden's comments of 18 October, an Israeli attack on Egypt now seemed less likely.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Lloyd was in the House of Commons on 24 October, so was not present when the secret <a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Protocol of Sèvres">Protocol of Sèvres</a> was signed.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> He refused to return to Sevres as he could hardly pretend to be ill again after having just appeared in public. In his instructions to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dean_(diplomat)" title="Patrick Dean (diplomat)">Patrick Dean</a>, who went in his place, Lloyd stressed that Britain had not asked Israel to intervene. Later that morning Eden informed the Cabinet about the consultation with Pineau the previous evening. The objective of any Anglo-French action would be to control the Canal and secondly to topple Nasser.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The Cabinet further considered the use of force on 24 October.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p117-98">[97]</a> After Cabinet, Lloyd recorded his UN Day Broadcast for the BBC, for transmission that evening. He then had a tense meeting with Ivone Kirkpatrick and Gladwyn Jebb, who was still angry at being kept in the dark. At 11pm Lloyd went to 10 Downing Street to hear Dean's report on the second Sevres meeting. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Mountbatten</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a>) also attended. The French had produced three copies of a typed document, the Protocol of Sèvres. Eden later tried in vain to retrieve the French and Israeli copies to destroy the evidence of collusion.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> On the morning of 25 October Eden told the Cabinet that Israel would attack Egypt after all, but did not tell them about the secret Sevres Protocol.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p117-98">[97]</a> The Plan for an Anglo-French invasion was revealed to the Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Israel attacked Egypt in the Sinai on 29 October; Eden was informed that night and informed the Cabinet the next day.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p247-101">[100]</a> At Cabinet on the morning of 30 October Lloyd reported that the US was ready to move a motion at the UN condemning Israel as an aggressor, and proposed a delay in order to bring the Americans on board. This suggestion was not adopted.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p117-98">[97]</a> At 4.30pm on 30 October Eden announced the Anglo-French ultimatum to the House of Commons. The House became so rowdy that it had to be suspended for the first time since 1924.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p247-101">[100]</a> Britain and France began bombing Egypt on 31 October,<a href="#cite_note-Davenport-Hines_2013,_p203-102">[101]</a> despite hostility from the Opposition, the US and most of the Commonwealth. The <a href="/wiki/US_Sixth_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="US Sixth Fleet">US Sixth Fleet</a> harassed the Anglo-French taskforce as it made its way to the Eastern Mediterranean.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p118-103">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Yates_(politician)" title="William Yates (politician)">William Yates</a>, a Conservative MP, commented in the House of Commons that he had heard talk of a secret conspiracy;<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p210-104">[103]</a> Lloyd stated in the Commons that "It is quite wrong to state that Israel was incited to this action by Her Majesty's Government. There was no prior agreement between us about it." This passage is underlined in Lloyd's personal copy of Hansard (now in the library at Fettes School). He regarded it as a lawyerishly careful statement<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> although it has been portrayed by some writers as an outright lie to the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-Davenport-Hines_2013,_p203-102">[101]</a> Nasser proclaimed martial law and mobilisation in Egypt. In an emergency session of the UN, Dulles' motion for a ceasefire was vetoed by Britain.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Nutting resigned because of the breach of the 1954 Treaty, the Tripartite Treaty and the UN Charter.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Lloyd resisted the temptation to join him and continued to ask questions about military logistics at Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> The US sidestepped the Anglo-French veto on the UN Security Council by obtaining an overwhelming vote for a ceasefire in the General Assembly. The Cabinet agreed that even in the event of a ceasefire between Egypt and Israel, Anglo-French forces should still seize the Canal in a policing role until UN forces were able to take up the baton.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p118-103">[102]</a> At the 4.30pm Cabinet, records for which were closed until 2007, Lloyd was concerned about the effect on Britain's Arab client states of being seen to be too closely linked to Israel. Eden spoke about the conditions which would be necessary for the UN to take over the peacekeeping job at the canal. At the 9.30pm Cabinet Lloyd reported on the problem of arms exports to Israel, and reported that he had been asked by <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> whether or not to divert a cargo of aviation fuel currently intended for Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p249-108">[107]</a> At Cabinet on Friday 2 November Lloyd suggested that in the event of oil sanctions Britain might have to occupy Kuwait and Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> On Saturday 3 November Lloyd was shouted down in the House of Commons, in a debate so rowdy that the Speaker had to suspend the session.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> By the weekend of 3–4 November, fighting between Israel and Egypt had largely ceased.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p118-103">[102]</a> Lloyd called Sunday 4 November "one of the most dramatic days in the whole of the Suez Crisis". He spent the whole day at 10 Downing Street, first in private talks with Eden, during which he advised that to call off the operation at this late stage would lead to "dreadful consequences". Afterwards Lloyd rang Gladwyn Jebb in Paris and asked him to arrange a further meeting with Pineau, Bourges-Manoury and Jebb himself. There was then a meeting of the Egypt Committee at 12.30pm. Lloyd reported that the US had not pushed for a vote on her UN General Assembly resolution, but that resolutions calling for a UN peacekeeping force had been proposed by Canada and by a group of African and Asian countries. Lloyd advised that Britain should respond to the Canadian but not to the Afro-Asian ultimatum, but warned of the threat of oil sanctions. There was a second meeting of the Egypt Committee at 3.30pm, at which Lloyd passed on the warning of the British Ambassador to Iraq that Britain had to condemn Israeli aggression in order to preserve her status in Arab eyes. He also raised the question of what would happen if both Israel and Egypt agreed to a ceasefire before British and French troops had gone in. There was then a meeting of the full Cabinet at 6.30pm, at which the decision to invade Egypt was taken. Butler, Kilmuir and Heathcoat Amory wanted to postpone the paratroop landings for 48 hours, while Salisbury, Buchan-Hepburn and Monckton (the latter of whom hinted that he might resign) wanted to postpone indefinitely. Lloyd was among the majority of the 18 present who wanted to push ahead with the invasion. Throughout the meetings that day the <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> demonstration had been audible outside.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> British and French paratroops landed at dawn on 5 November. Lloyd was given a rough ride in the House of Commons when he announced the Soviet crushing of the Hungarian uprising. The news of Nutting's resignation came through at 6.30pm while Lloyd was attending a sherry party at 10 Downing Street ahead of the <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a>. However, Gladwyn Jebb sent a message that Douglas Dillon, US Ambassador in Paris, had no issue with the landings and thought Dulles' policy "lamentable".<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p251-112">[111]</a> On the morning of 6 November Macmillan, who had been told by Humphrey (US Treasury Secretary) that there would be no more financial assistance until there was a ceasefire, saw Lloyd before Cabinet and told him that Britain had to stop in view of the drain of foreign exchange reserves. Macmillan had also been lobbying other ministers. Cabinet met at 9.45am; Lloyd was one of three ministers (along with <a href="/wiki/Antony_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony Head">Antony Head</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Stuart,_1st_Viscount_Stuart_of_Findhorn" title="James Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn">James Stuart</a>) to support Eden in his wish to carry on fighting. The Cabinet agreed that there was no choice but to agree a ceasefire. Royal Marines had been landing by sea and helicopter on 6 November, and British and French forces had Port Said and had advanced 23 miles to El Cap by the time a ceasefire was announced at 5pm.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p251-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> On 7 November the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for withdrawal of British, French and Israeli forces. Lloyd's initial position was that Britain was not prepared to withdraw her forces until they had been replaced by a peacekeeping force acceptable to Britain. The Americans met this idea with extreme hostility, insisting on total British withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4-114">[113]</a> Lloyd flew to New York on Sunday 11 November and stayed until the evening of Monday 27 November.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4-114">[113]</a> Whilst Lloyd was away, on 13 November Macmillan, who was busily ingratiating himself with the Americans, told Aldrich (US Ambassador to London) that Selwyn Lloyd was "too young and inexperienced" for his position.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> On 20 November 1956 the question of collusion was raised in Cabinet, with Eden and Lloyd both absent; it was agreed to stick to Lloyd's formula that Britain had not incited the Israeli attack.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> In Washington Lloyd managed to speak to Eisenhower's adviser <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bedell_Smith" title="Walter Bedell Smith">Walter Bedell Smith</a>, and addressed the UN General Assembly on Friday 23 November, the day Eden left for Jamaica. In a speech which was essentially an acceptance of an Argentinian motion, Lloyd offered to hand over to a UN peacekeeping force and claimed that Britain had prevented a small war growing into a larger one. Despite a hostile attack by <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Menon" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Menon">Krishna Menon</a>, the resolution was carried.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4-114">[113]</a> Lloyd addressed a Cabinet meeting (chaired by Butler, with Eden away in Jamaica) at 4.30pm on Wednesday 28 November. He said that the UN would continue to debate the matter and that although Britain could hold on for another three or four weeks there was nothing to be gained in antagonising world opinion any further. He offered his resignation (not mentioned in the minutes) but his colleagues refused to accept it, and was later deeply hurt when <a href="/wiki/Victor_Montagu" title="Victor Montagu">Lord Hinchingbrooke</a>, a member of the Suez group (a group of Conservative backbenchers who had opposed Britain's original agreement to withdraw from Egypt in 1954), said that he should have resigned.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p254-6-117">[116]</a> Lloyd's impending divorce was given as the ostensible reason for his offer of resignation.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> Throughout November and into early December Lloyd was strongly attacked in the House of Commons both by Labour as a scapegoat for the original invasion and by Conservative backbenchers for the enforced withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> On 3 December Lloyd made a statement announcing British withdrawal to a very hostile House, followed by an angry scene, then Butler made a similar announcement, leading many Conservative MPs feeling that Butler should have made the statement himself.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p254-6-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> The House of Commons held a No Confidence debate on Suez on 5 December. <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a> commented that Lloyd gave the impression of never having warned Israel not to attack Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p256-120">[119]</a> Bevan congratulated Lloyd on "having survived so far". The government won the confidence vote on 6 December by 327 votes to 260.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> In early December Lloyd again offered his resignation to the Cabinet, citing his impending divorce as the excuse.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p256-120">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_Secretary_under_Macmillan">Foreign Secretary under Macmillan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Foreign Secretary under Macmillan">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reappointment">Reappointment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Reappointment">edit</a>]</div> When Eden resigned in January 1957, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> interviewed the Cabinet one by one, asking each whether he preferred Butler (believed to be the favourite by most outsiders) or Macmillan (the overwhelming choice of the Cabinet) for the succession. Salisbury listed Lloyd as the only minister to abstain, shocking <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe,_1st_Earl_of_Kilmuir" title="David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir">Kilmuir</a>, who acted as official witness to the "soundings".<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Lloyd later confirmed to Butler in September 1962 that he had expressed no preference.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> Macmillan retained Lloyd as Foreign Secretary, declaring that "one head on a <a href="/wiki/Charger_(table_setting)" title="Charger (table setting)">charger</a> is enough" (i.e. that Eden's resignation was enough of a sacrifice to appease the government's critics).<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Another reason was Macmillan's wish to keep Butler out of the Foreign Office.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Lloyd was paradoxically a beneficiary of Suez, as Eden might well have reshuffled him away from the Foreign Office.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Macmillan delegated a lot more than Eden, and allowed Lloyd to come into his own.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Lloyd was allowed to use <a href="/wiki/Chequers" title="Chequers">Chequers</a>, normally the Prime Minister's country residence, although Macmillan did not formally renounce the use of the place as by law he would not have been allowed to claim it back in the space of that Parliament (Macmillan had a country home of his own, <a href="/wiki/Birch_Grove" title="Birch Grove">Birch Grove</a>, and so had no need of the place).<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Although Lloyd was not particularly interested in the job, Macmillan tried to encourage him to think of himself as a potential prime minister, as a rival to Butler.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Lloyd's reappointment was met, in the words of a contemporary observer, with a "long, cold arch of raised eyebrows", whilst <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a> likened Lloyd to a monkey to Macmillan's <a href="/wiki/Street_organ" title="Street organ">organgrinder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1957">1957</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1957">edit</a>]</div> As Foreign Secretary, Lloyd had to accompany <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">the Queen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a> on their State Visit to Portugal in February 1957.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p277-9-130">[129]</a> Lloyd accompanied Macmillan to Bermuda (21-4 March), where Anglo-American relations were repaired, although private discussions were more frank than the press releases might have suggested. Over dinner Lloyd launched a strong attack on Nasser; Dulles replied that the USA would not defend Nasser's regime but were not actively going to try to overthrow him.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> Whilst in Bermuda Macmillan, after consultation with Lloyd, agreed to release <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Makarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Makarios">Archbishop Makarios</a>, who had been exiled to the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> in March 1956, after being advised that this might calm <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a> down. This prompted the resignation of Lord Salisbury from the Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p277-9-130">[129]</a> Lloyd's divorce was in progress between March and June 1957. He tried to resign in May 1957, citing as the reason the unfavourable publicity which his divorce might attract.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p280-132">[131]</a> In May 1957 <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Churchill" title="Randolph Churchill">Randolph Churchill</a> speculated that he might be about to be removed from office.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p280-132">[131]</a> At one point that year <a href="/wiki/Max_Aitken,_1st_Baron_Beaverbrook" title="Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook">Beaverbrook</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a>" ran a picture of Lloyd with a lady on holiday in Spain, asking "Who is the senorita?" In fact the lady and her husband – who was doctored out of the photograph – were long-standing friends of Lloyd and were sharing a holiday with him.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> In October 1957 he likened himself to a "human <a href="/wiki/Sputnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik">Sputnik</a>" because of the amount of flying he was doing.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p282-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1958">1958</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1958">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd again offered his resignation after a poor performance in the two-day Foreign Affairs debate in February 1958, but Macmillan refused to accept it as he had recently had his entire Treasury team (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Peter Thorneycroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Birch" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigel Birch">Nigel Birch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Enoch Powell</a>) resign.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p282-134">[133]</a> In May 1958 Lebanese President <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chamoun" title="Camille Chamoun">Camille Chamoun</a> appealed for help against the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a> (Egypt and Syria, both ruled by Nasser). Lloyd coordinated with Dulles and US troops were sent to Lebanon in accordance with the "<a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a>". Two British paratroop battalions were sent to Jordan after a request by <a href="/wiki/King_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="King Hussein">King Hussein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p312-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> Lloyd wanted to go to the Anglo-American Washington talks in June 1958 but Dulles vetoed this, claiming that if he went it would be necessary to invite the French as well.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> On Monday 14 July 1958 Macmillan was at Birch Grove, and recorded that Lloyd "almost shouted down the line" about the <a href="/wiki/1958_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Iraqi coup d'état">revolution in Iraq</a>, warning that Jordan and Syria might also fall to Nasser. Macmillan sent him to Washington to sound out Dulles.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p312-135">[134]</a> By August 1958 Lloyd publicly supported the US over Formosa whilst privately urging restraint. He also had private talks with Churchill that summer to seek his advice.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Lloyd had been very sceptical that Macmillan would be able to negotiate a Greek-Turkish agreement over Cyprus.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> In December 1958 at a NATO Ministerial Council Lloyd negotiated the concept of "sovereign bases" in Cyprus, where the Governor was his old Cambridge contemporary <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Foot">Hugh Foot</a>, with the Greek and Turkish foreign ministers.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p285-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Macmillan wrote of Lloyd in his diary (31 December 1958) that "he really is an extraordinary (sic) capable and efficient man – as well as a wonderfully agreeable man to work with. He feels a great sense of gratitude and loyalty to me personally, for I have been able (by moral support both in private and in public) to help him through a bad time" [i.e. his divorce].<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> D. R. Thorpe describes Lloyd as "<a href="/wiki/Sancho_Panza" title="Sancho Panza">Sancho Panza</a> to Macmillan's mercurial <a href="/wiki/Quixote" class="mw-redirect" title="Quixote">Quixote</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1959">1959</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1959">edit</a>]</div> In November 1958 Khrushchev had demanded that the western powers pull out of <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> within six months. This was a prime reason for Macmillan and Lloyd's trip to Moscow early in 1959, besides the desire to grandstand ahead of the impending general election.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90-142">[141]</a> Lloyd accompanied Macmillan to Moscow in February–March 1959. Much of the planning for the summit had had to take place at the <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Hospital" title="Middlesex Hospital">Middlesex Hospital</a>, where Lloyd was having his tonsils out.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Lloyd also attended planning meetings at Chequers in late February.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90-142">[141]</a> At Moscow <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_Russia" title="List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia">Ambassador</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Reilly" title="Patrick Reilly">Patrick Reilly</a> wrote that he was "quite first class and they make an admirable team" and "the ideal second", keeping his boss supplied with facts and figures and willingly undertaking tedious detailed negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90-142">[141]</a> Macmillan thanked Lloyd for having come up with the idea of a diplomatic cold in response to Khrushchev's diplomatic toothache. Afterwards Lloyd reported on the summit to <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90-142">[141]</a> Lloyd also accompanied Macmillan to Ottawa, where they met <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> and Washington, DC in March 1959, where they met Eisenhower and visited the dying Dulles.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90-142">[141]</a> Lloyd was the leader at the Foreign Ministers' conference in Geneva in June 1959 (with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Christian Herter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Maurice Couve de Murville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a>) and kept it going, allowing Eisenhower to issue his invitation to Khrushchev to visit Washington in August. Whilst the conference had been in progress a false story had appeared in "<a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>", fanned by Randolph Churchill and to Macmillan's apparent annoyance, that Lloyd was to be moved from the Foreign Office. The conference ended on 11 August.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> During the victorious <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959 election campaign</a> Lloyd made a national broadcast on 19 September.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1959–60">1959–60</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1959–60">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd kept a detailed diary between 1 November 1959 and his sacking from the Exchequer in July 1962.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Many of the press still saw Lloyd as an insignificant Foreign Secretary, although this was no longer the opinion of many of those who knew him.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Lloyd also accompanied Macmillan to a meeting in Paris in December 1959.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> He approved of Macmillan's "Winds of Change" speech in February 1960, which predicted the end of rule by Europeans in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> In February 1960 Lloyd urged Macmillan, having rebuilt bridges with the Americans, to build bridges with France by accepting <a href="/wiki/De_Gaulle" class="mw-redirect" title="De Gaulle">de Gaulle</a>'s invitation to visit him for a longer stay, a turn of events which Macmillan would use to try to persuade de Gaulle to support British membership of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EEC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> In March 1960 Lloyd noted that his one unfulfilled ambition was to be <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, but he did not consider himself a distinguished enough lawyer for the post – he was later to change his mind when <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Manningham-Buller,_1st_Viscount_Dilhorne" title="Reginald Manningham-Buller, 1st Viscount Dilhorne">Lord Dilhorne</a> was appointed.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> In mid-May 1960 he accompanied Macmillan to the Four Power Summit in Paris, which broke up in disarray after the <a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 U-2 Incident">U2 had been shot down whilst flying over the USSR</a>. Some see the failure of this summit as the moment when Macmillan's premiership went into decline.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Agreement was finally reached over Cyprus on 1 July 1960, just before the end of Lloyd's time at the Foreign Office.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p285-140">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Chancellor of the Exchequer">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Appointment_and_economic_backdrop">Appointment and economic backdrop</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Appointment and economic backdrop">edit</a>]</div> In July 1960 Macmillan moved Lloyd to the job of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> He was Macmillan's third chancellor and asked for, and was given, an assurance that he would remain in place until the next General Election. Lloyd was permitted to remain at <a href="/wiki/Chequers" title="Chequers">Chequers</a> and was also allowed to keep 1, <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House_Terrace#Carlton_Gardens" title="Carlton House Terrace">Carlton Gardens</a>, normally the Foreign Secretary's London residence (the chancellor's usual London residence of <a href="/wiki/11_Downing_Street" title="11 Downing Street">11 Downing Street</a> was not available, as Downing Street was being reconstructed at the time, requiring Macmillan to live at <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_London" title="Admiralty House, London">Admiralty House</a> for most of his premiership).<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Macmillan, with bitter memories of his time as MP for Stockton in the 1930s, wanted to be free of what he saw as the economic orthodoxy of the Treasury and Bank of England, and to generate economic growth, a view which he shared with many economic thinkers at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p258,_261-157">[156]</a> He also wanted growth to increase exports, so as to improve the balance of payments without deflation or devaluing the currency.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> He declined to appoint <a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">David Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Iain Macleod</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a>, any of whom might have been better qualified to be chancellor, as he wanted a loyal "staff officer".<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p258,_261-157">[156]</a> Lloyd, however, warned Macmillan that he wanted to be an orthodox chancellor.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> The economy had been booming as a result of the expansionary measures taken in the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959 General Election</a>, with consequent risk to inflation. Furthermore, the balance of payments was moving into deficit, with Britain's share of world manufacturing falling dramatically as continental Europe, now grouped into the EEC, recovered from the effects of the war. In 1960 Britain suffered the worst balance of payments crisis since 1950, masked a little by the inflow of foreign money into London. The Treasury was already somewhat discredited. Bank Rate had already been raised to 6% by Lloyd's predecessor Heathcote Amory in June.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p261-159">[158]</a> Soon after his appointment, Lloyd asked Treasury economic advisor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hall,_Baron_Roberthall" title="Robert Hall, Baron Roberthall">Robert Hall</a> (29 July 1960) "how soon we were going bust". On 16 March 1961 Lloyd wrote to Macmillan complaining that No 10 was briefing the press than Macmillan was in real charge of economic policy, and indeed policy in other areas.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Also the German Deutschmark was revalued by 5% in March 1961, leading to worries that the pound sterling might crash in the summer of 1961.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p261-159">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1961:_Budget_and_July_measures">1961: Budget and July measures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1961: Budget and July measures">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd arranged government funding for the National Theatre on the South Bank.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> His first Budget (17 April 1961) began by saying that during the 1960-1 fiscal year there had been a deficit of £394m, £76m more than Amory had forecast in the 1960 budget.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p261-159">[158]</a> Lloyd was concerned at rising inflation and public spending. The Budget was intended to be deflationary, and to reduce the government borrowing requirement to £69m for 1961-2 (in the event it was £211m), but increased taxes by less than the Treasury wanted. The budget introduced "the Regulator", which allowed the Chancellor of the day to vary the rate of most indirect taxes by up to 10% of the existing rate (not ten percentage points) without the need for prior Parliamentary approval, although Parliament had to approve within three weeks. Another measure, effectively a second Regulator (brought in over the objections of <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd-Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="John Boyd-Carpenter">John Boyd-Carpenter</a>, Minister of Pensions and National Insurance) allowed the Chancellor to increase Employers' <a href="/wiki/National_insurance_contribution" class="mw-redirect" title="National insurance contribution">NICs</a> by up to 4 shillings per week.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p262-3-162">[161]</a> Lloyd also raised the threshold for surtax on earned income, which had been unchanged since <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> had introduced it in 1909, from £2,000 per annum to £5,000. This measure had actually been Macmillan's idea.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> By the summer a run on the pound was threatened. Continental banks, who had been buying pounds, now announced that they had enough of a stockpile (£300m) and the Treasury demanded cuts of £300m in demand and a cancellation of the raising of the surtax threshold – the latter was a politically impossible demand. Some ministers suggested floating the pound, an option which Macmillan discussed in his diary on 23 July, although he rejected it as it would have irritated the Americans and would have had to be accompanied by deflation. In fact the balance of payments was already moving back into surplus, but based on out-of-date Treasury figures ("last year's <a href="/wiki/Bradshaw%27s_Guide" title="Bradshaw's Guide">Bradshaw</a>" as Macmillan once famously quipped) Lloyd announced a package of measures on 25 July: bank rate was raised to 7%, public spending was cut, and $1.5bn was borrowed from the IMF, along with conditions, although not as strict as the IMF would have liked. Macmillan wrote to ministers on 28 July ordering public spending restraint.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p264-6-164">[163]</a> Lloyd refused to use his power to increase Employers' NICs in the July measures, saying it was "a dead rat". <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cairncross_(economist)" title="Alexander Cairncross (economist)">Cairncross</a>, who had succeeded Robert Hall as the government's economic advisor, believed that Lloyd might have given some kind of private promise not to actually use it.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p262-3-162">[161]</a> Lloyd also announced a Pay Pause on 25 July, until 31 March 1962. Labour moved into a 5-point lead in the opinion polls.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p264-6-164">[163]</a> The Pay Pause (effectively an incomes policy) made Lloyd a focus of public unpopularity. It mainly affected public sector employees such as nurses and teachers as many private companies had contractual arrangements for automatic pay rises or arbitration.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._518-166">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1961:_NEDC">1961: NEDC</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 1961: NEDC">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd had announced that there would be a new economic planning body as part of his 25 July measures.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p267-167">[166]</a> On 8 August Lloyd suggested inviting Industry and Trade Union leaders. There was a stormy meeting of the Cabinet on 21 September, at which only John Hare and Lord Hailsham supported him, but covert support for the proposal from Macmillan swung other ministers behind the scheme. On 23 September, after a period of consultation, formal invitations were issued to the TUC, the Federation of British Industry, the British Employers' Confederation, the National Union of Manufacturers and the Association of British Chambers of Commerce.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> He told them of his plans to set up the <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Development_Council" title="National Economic Development Council">National Economic Development Council</a> (NEDC) in imitation of the French <a href="/wiki/Commissariat_general_du_Plan_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissariat general du Plan (France)">Commissariat du Plan</a>, chaired by the Chancellor, and containing a few other ministers, as well as other appointed members who would include leading trade unionists and business leaders, as well perhaps as other economic thinkers. He also proposed setting up a National Economic Development Organisation (NEDO), whose chair would be drawn from outside the civil service, to advise NEDC. Lloyd did not get on with trade unionists. The TUC, which disliked the Pay Pause, agreed to cooperate only on condition that they were not expected to preach wage restraint.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Thorpe writes that Lloyd had Macmillan's backing against a sceptical Cabinet,<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> but Williams writes that Lloyd was lukewarm about the NEDC, which was Macmillan's project.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p402-4-170">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Cumnor" title="Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor">Henry Brooke</a> was appointed to the new position of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Chief Secretary to the Treasury">Chief Secretary to the Treasury</a> in October 1961 so Lloyd did not have to spend all his time arguing with Cabinet colleagues about their planned level of expenditure.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> The NEDC was unlikely to reap any benefits by the time of the next general election, nor to help in reining pay in. There was a big pay increase in the electricity industry in November 1961, because of the strength of the unions and the weakness of the minister <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wood,_Baron_Holderness" title="Richard Wood, Baron Holderness">Richard Wood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> The Pay Pause had brought short term benefits but anomalies had made it unpopular, something it shared with later incomes policies. There was even a threat to strike by the 120 workers who made cricket balls.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p274-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1962:_second_budget_and_Orpington">1962: second budget and Orpington</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 1962: second budget and Orpington">edit</a>]</div> On 29 January 1962 <a href="/wiki/John_Hare,_1st_Viscount_Blakenham" title="John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham">John Hare</a>, Minister of Labour, confirmed that the Pay Pause would end on 31 March. Lloyd presented a White Paper on Incomes Policies, urging an official "Guiding Light" of 2.5%, a rate which the government expected pay to be increased by companies and tribunals. The White Paper also condemned automatic wage increases because of cost of living increases and comparability between different types of work.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p274-173">[172]</a> In presenting his White Paper on Incomes Policy Lloyd was seen as "stubborn" "wooden" "inarticulate" and "unimaginative" (Harold Evans Downing Street Diary).<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p402-4-170">[169]</a> He also performed poorly in putting across government policy on television.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> On 14 February 1962, over whisky at 10 Downing Street, Macmillan persuaded the railway union bosses to call off their planned strike, an achievement trumpeted by the press as "Mac's Triumph".<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p274-173">[172]</a> The NEDC first met on 7 March 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p267-167">[166]</a> The Liberals did very well at a by-election at Conservative-held <a href="/wiki/1962_Blackpool_North_by-election" title="1962 Blackpool North by-election">Blackpool North</a> on 13 March 1962,<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p402-4-170">[169]</a> and <a href="/wiki/1962_Orpington_by-election" title="1962 Orpington by-election">took Orpington off the Conservatives at another by-election</a> on 14 March, a sensational victory in a seat adjacent to Macmillan's own seat at <a href="/wiki/Bromley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bromley (UK Parliament constituency)">Bromley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._518-166">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Party Chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Iain Macleod</a>'s report blamed the Pay Pause for the defeat at Orpington.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p402-4-170">[169]</a> In April 1962, on the eve of Lloyd's second and final budget, he faced a Cabinet rebellion over Schedule A tax (a tax on the theoretical rental value of a house, paid by the homeowner).<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> The Conference Party Conference at Scarborough in October 1960 had voted for the abolition of Schedule A and the Cabinet now insisted on it.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> Lloyd promised to end Schedule A the following year, at a cost of £50m to the Exchequer.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p275-175">[174]</a> In his 9 April 1962 Budget Lloyd announced an agreed growth target of 4% per annum (he would have preferred 5%). This was in line with current rates of growth in continental Europe, but the Treasury were sceptical that the UK could achieve it, rightly as it turned out. The question of the growth in public spending was left unresolved.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> In the 1962 Budget Lloyd also increased profits tax by 2.5% and brought in a speculative gains tax, although he stopped short of introducing a capital gains tax, which he thought would discourage saving and enterprise.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> The budget, on 9 April 1962, reduced purchase tax on cars, TVs and washing machines but increased it on sweets, soft drinks and ice cream, leading to claims that Lloyd was "taxing children's pocket money."<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p402-4-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._520-178">[177]</a> The tax on confectionery was expected to raise £30m that year and £50m in a full year.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p275-175">[174]</a> Rumours were already circulating that Lloyd's days in the job were numbered: the journalist <a href="/wiki/William_Rees-Mogg" title="William Rees-Mogg">William Rees-Mogg</a> wrote that it was "Mr Lloyd's last Budget".<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._520-178">[177]</a> Macmillan appears to have agreed that the 1962 budget could not be a popular one, but the Cabinet revolt, which Lloyd lacked the eloquence to counter, was an embarrassment to Macmillan as well, which added to Macmillan's irritation with Lloyd. Lloyd also argued that confidence had been restored – a run on the pound had been averted, £225m of the $1.5bn (£535m) borrowed the previous year had been repaid to the IMF, and the balance of payments was improving.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p275-175">[174]</a> Many industrialists also felt that Britain's economic problems, especially her balance of payments deficit, should be solved by expansion, not by contraction, a view shared by Labour Leader <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, who in the budget debate quoted the "<a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>" to the effect that the budget had done nothing for exports or for investment.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p277-179">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1962:_Macmillan's_wish_for_an_incomes_policy">1962: Macmillan's wish for an incomes policy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1962: Macmillan's wish for an incomes policy">edit</a>]</div> Macmillan, disingenuously, as he had already decided to sack him, wrote to Lloyd on 11 April congratulating him and asking him to begin preparing an expansionary budget for 1963 to help the Conservatives win re-election.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._520-178">[177]</a> During 1962 Lloyd's credibility and that of the Treasury was further damaged when it became clear that the Treasury had overestimated the strength of the economy, meaning that the July 1961 measures had been excessively severe. Bank Rate was cut to 4.5% on 26 April, and £70m of Special Deposits were released on 31 May.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Macmillan was pushing for a full-on incomes policy, led by the NEDC, in the hope that his growth policy would not lead to inflation. He addressed the Cabinet about economic policy on 28 May 1962, stressing that he wanted Britain to achieve low unemployment, low inflation, high growth and a strong pound, and that this could best be achieved by an incomes policy to boost productivity. Lloyd was sceptical.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p407-12-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p277-179">[178]</a> The Liberals did very well at another by-election at <a href="/wiki/1962_West_Derbyshire_by-election" title="1962 West Derbyshire by-election">West Derbyshire</a> on 6 June.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> On 19 June Macmillan presented his ideas on incomes policy to three or four colleagues at Chequers. Macmillan urged a "guiding light" (a target for wage increases as had been agreed at the beginning of the year), a Standing Commission on Pay (but with power only to give advice, not to coerce wage settlements), abolition of Resale Price Maintenance (in the end this would be done by Edward Heath in 1964) and creation of a Consumers Council; Lloyd was sceptical but the other ministers seemed in favour.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> Macmillan had lunch with Butler on 21 June to discuss the impending reshuffle. Macleod, Lord Home, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Redmayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Redmayne">Martin Redmayne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Chief Whip</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Brook,_1st_Baron_Normanbrook" title="Norman Brook, 1st Baron Normanbrook">Sir Norman Brook</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(United_Kingdom)" title="Cabinet Secretary (United Kingdom)">Cabinet Secretary</a> and Joint Permanent Secretary to the Treasury) were all urging Macmillan to change his chancellor, in Brook's case for reasons of civil service management rather than politics. Macmillan also suspected that Lloyd, Butler and/or Eccles might be plotting against him. 22 June saw ministerial discussion of Macmillan's incomes paper; 6 July saw another ministerial discussion.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p279-184">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dismissal">Dismissal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Dismissal">edit</a>]</div> Macmillan would have liked to appoint Lloyd <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>, as he was moving <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a> from this post, but Lloyd had made clear when Macmillan became prime minister in January 1957 that as an opponent of capital punishment it would not be proper for him to accept that position (because a person sentenced to hang was entitled to appeal to the Monarch for mercy, which in practice meant that the Home Secretary, to whom the task was delegated, had the final say on whether any execution should proceed).<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Macmillan planned to break the news of his impending dismissal to Lloyd, but Butler leaked it to the press first – the news appeared in the "Daily Mail" on the morning of 12 July.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p407-12-181">[180]</a> 12 July was also the day of the <a href="/wiki/1962_Leicester_North_East_by-election" title="1962 Leicester North East by-election">Leicester North East by-election</a>, and Cabinet were due to discuss incomes policy.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p407-12-181">[180]</a> At the by election the Conservative share of the vote dropped from 48.1% in <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a> to 24.2%.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> That evening Lloyd was sacked from the government and returned to the backbenches, after a 45-minute meeting which Macmillan described as "a terribly difficult and emotional scene". Next morning, 13 July, Macmillan carried out the rest of his changes after hearing, from Lord Home, that Lloyd had tried in vain to get <a href="/wiki/John_Hare,_1st_Viscount_Blakenham" title="John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham">John Hare</a>, Minister of Labour, to resign in protest. He sacked a third of his Cabinet in a brutal reshuffle which came to be known as the "<a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives_(1962)" title="Night of the Long Knives (1962)">Night of the Long Knives</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2010,_p407-12-181">[180]</a> Macmillan later claimed that he had intended to postpone the full reshuffle until the autumn.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p280-187">[186]</a> Unless one counts Butler's removal in December 1955, Lloyd was the only Chancellor of the postwar era to be sacked outright until <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Norman Lamont</a> in May 1993.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p280-187">[186]</a> He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a>, then seen as a potential future Leader of the Conservative Party, and whose remit was to reflate the economy going into the next General Election due by the end of 1964. Lloyd privately thought Macmillan too obsessed with unemployment, risking higher inflation.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._524-5-188">[187]</a> Lloyd was seen to have been badly treated. He was cheered to the echo when he reentered the Commons Chamber after his sacking, whereas Macmillan entered in silence from his own party and jeers from the Opposition, and was subjected to public criticism (then almost unprecedented) from his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Lord Avon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._524-5-188">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Birch" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigel Birch">Nigel Birch</a>, who had resigned along with Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a> in 1958, wrote to the newspapers on 14 July 1962: "For the second time the Prime Minister has got rid of a Chancellor of the Exchequer who tried to get expenditure under control. Once is more than enough."<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> Having refused the offer of a peerage from Macmillan, on 20 July 1962 Lloyd was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ODNB-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> His name had been added to the list at the last minute; he would have preferred to decline, thinking it an honour more suited to alumni of the Arts, but was persuaded by friends to accept.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> In his unpublished memoirs he would later write that he had tried to avoid "a bitter resentment against Macmillan" for the sake of his peace of mind.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Lloyd left his black <a href="/wiki/Labrador_Retriever" title="Labrador Retriever">Labrador</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Sambo_(racial_term)" title="Sambo (racial term)">Sambo</a>", for whom there was no room in his London flat, behind at Chequers, where he had been living since his divorce. At a meeting of the new Cabinet later that summer, Sambo came sniffing amongst the ministers searching for his master. Macmillan ignored the animal, which was likened by one observer to <a href="/wiki/Banquo" title="Banquo">Banquo</a>'s ghost.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._525-191">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Out_of_office">Out of office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Out of office">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd did not regard his political career as over, and declined the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Martins_Bank" title="Martins Bank">Martins Bank</a> and other City posts.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Macmillan, shaken by the hostile reaction to his moves, arranged a meeting with Lloyd on 1 August. He told him that sacking him had been a mistake and that he was looking for a way to bring him back. Lloyd attributed this to Macmillan's ruthlessness and survival instinct.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._525-191">[190]</a> Lloyd became a popular figure with Conservative Party members after travelling the country in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1962%E2%80%9363_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter of 1962–63 in the United Kingdom">bitter winter of 1962–3</a> (the worst since <a href="/wiki/Winter_of_1946%E2%80%9347_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom">1946-7</a>) to write his report on party organisation.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._564-192">[191]</a> Ferdinand Mount writes that northerners recognised Selwyn as "one of their own, someone who had gone to London but had not become in the least <a href="/wiki/Snobbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Snobbery">stuck up</a> and who never pretended to be someone he wasn't".<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Macmillan later compared Lloyd to <a href="/wiki/Augustine_Birrell" title="Augustine Birrell">Augustine Birrell</a> for his links to the nonconformist vote of North West England.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> At Huddersfield he had to give a non-committal reply when <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Alexander_(journalist)" title="Andrew Alexander (journalist)">Andrew Alexander</a>, then City Editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Yorkshire_Post" title="The Yorkshire Post">The Yorkshire Post</a>, attacked Macmillan's profligate economic policy.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> His report, urging the proper provision of paid agents in marginal seats, was published in June 1963 so was overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/Profumo_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Profumo scandal">Profumo scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Lloyd asked <a href="/wiki/John_Profumo" title="John Profumo">John Profumo</a> whether he had had an affair with <a href="/wiki/Christine_Keeler" title="Christine Keeler">Christine Keeler</a>, and passed on his denial to Macmillan, adding his own opinion that he did not see how "Jack" could have had the time.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> After Macmillan's impending resignation was announced in October 1963, Lloyd was one of those who pressed <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> to stand for the party leadership.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> He was a pivotal figure in whipping up support for Home as a potential successor at the Blackpool Conference. He was also an influential figure with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Chief Whip</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Redmayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Redmayne">Martin Redmayne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._564-192">[191]</a> On a walk on the seafront at Blackpool (11 October) Lloyd and Redmayne were accosted by a socialist old age pensioner who told them that Home would make the best prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> He helped to dissuade <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hailsham</a>, who was initially a candidate for the leadership, from openly opposing Home. "Home was just about the only front-line politician [Lloyd] spoke of without a tinge of contempt."<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Lloyd visited Macmillan in hospital on Wednesday 16 October, and advised against appointing Rab Butler, who, he said, was disliked in the constituency associations.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_the_front_bench">Return to the front bench</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Return to the front bench">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was called back to the government in 1963 by <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a>. He refused the Home Office. He also refused the Chairmanship of the Party, as he felt he had done what he could and did not want to spend "another winter traipsing around the country". In the end he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a>, a job which had already been promised to <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd-Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="John Boyd-Carpenter">John Boyd-Carpenter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> He was also appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> On returning to office he likened himself to a man who had won a lawsuit for wrongful dismissal.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> As Leader of the House he was popular and well-respected across parties, paving the way for his Speakership nearly a decade later.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> However, Lloyd's policies as chancellor were blamed to some extent for Conservative defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">general election of 1964</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p281-203">[202]</a> Lloyd helped to discourage <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a> from standing for the Conservative leadership in <a href="/wiki/1965_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1965 Conservative Party leadership election">1965</a>. He supported Maudling, who was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> As Shadow Commonwealth Secretary under Heath, Lloyd visited Australia and New Zealand in late 1965. He also visited <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>, whose white minority regime had recently declared <a href="/wiki/Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence_(Rhodesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)">unilateral independence</a> from the UK, in February 1966. There he met 300 people, including 60 Africans, and impressed on Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a> that white minority rule could not last. On his return to the UK (in time for the <a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">general election campaign in March</a>), Lloyd was attacked both by the left for having seemed to condone the Smith regime and from the right for not having supported it. He returned to the backbenches in 1966, at his own request.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons">Speaker of the House of Commons</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Speaker of the House of Commons">edit</a>]</div> In 1969 Lloyd was captain of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_Golf_Club" title="Royal Liverpool Golf Club">Royal Liverpool Golf Club</a> in its centenary year.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p157-4">[3]</a> Lloyd continued to serve on many committees and to campaign for the Conservative Party in North-West England. In the <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970 General Election</a> organisational reforms made in response to Lloyd's report of 1963 bore fruit, especially in the North-West, and specifically the provision of more paid agents. The reforms were thought to have resulted in the gain of 10 seats, contributing to Heath's narrow victory. Lloyd was sounded out for, but declined, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States">Washington Embassy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> In 1971, after the Conservatives had returned to power, Lloyd became <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/1971_Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons_election" title="1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election">elected Speaker by 294 votes to 55</a>, the opposition coming from those who thought the election was a stitch-up between the leadership of the two main parties. Mindful that the long hours required as Speaker had broken the health of several of his predecessors, he increased the number of deputy speakers to three to ease the burden. His preference was to let as many members as possible be heard, rather than err on the side of firmness, and he also practised what Thorpe describes as "selective deafness" rather than punish every unparliamentary outburst.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> During tedious debates he would keep alert by constructing mental anagrams of the names of those speaking.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> In the Parliamentary debate on <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1972)" title="Bloody Sunday (1972)">Bloody Sunday</a>, Lloyd refused to allow the MP for Mid-Ulster <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernadette Devlin">Bernadette Devlin</a> to give her account or to ask questions of the Secretary of State, despite Devlin having been an eyewitness to events.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] While he was Speaker, he became Deputy High Steward of Cambridge University in 1971,<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> and was appointed to be a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">Deputy Lieutenant</a> of Merseyside in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> In a break with convention, both the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Parties</a> contested his seat in both the February 1974 and October 1974 general elections, but he retained it. He retired as Speaker on 3 February 1976,<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> when he was raised to the peerage and appointed to be the <a href="/wiki/Steward_of_the_Manor_of_Northstead" class="mw-redirect" title="Steward of the Manor of Northstead">Steward of the Manor of Northstead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peerage_and_later_life">Peerage and later life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Peerage and later life">edit</a>]</div> On 8 March 1976 Lloyd was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as Baron Selwyn-Lloyd, of <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral</a> in the County of <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>, with a corresponding change of his surname to Selwyn-Lloyd.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> He sat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">crossbencher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> He became an honorary fellow of his old college, Magdalene. In retirement he lived at <a href="/wiki/Preston_Crowmarsh" title="Preston Crowmarsh">Preston Crowmarsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>. He did a great deal of charity work and was an active patron and generous host to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Conservative_Association" title="Oxford University Conservative Association">Oxford University Conservative Association</a>. He died at home of a <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain tumour">brain tumour</a> on 17 May 1978. His will was valued at £154,169 for probate (around £750,000 at 2016 prices).<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-measuringworth.com-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd remained on very friendly terms with Eden, and the two men cooperated throughout the 1960s and 1970s, over Eden's memoirs and information which they gave, often anonymously, to historians about Suez. In public they maintained the pretence that there had been no collusion with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> Lloyd cooperated in secret with Terence Robinson's 1965 book on Suez and with <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton" title="Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton">Hugh Thomas</a>' The Suez Affair (1967).<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p210-104">[103]</a> Lloyd insisted to Hugh Thomas (1967) that Britain's priority had always been a peaceful resolution, especially as Britain had only just pulled out of Egypt prior to Suez. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Richard Crossman</a> told Hugh Thomas that any attempt to impeach Lloyd would come to nothing because Lloyd was personally popular. Thomas, who was married to Gladwyn Jebb's daughter, began with little sympathy for Eden and Lloyd and came to feel more so, especially as Lloyd told him that Suez was an issue that was simply not black and white.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p259-62-211">[210]</a> Nutting (No End of a Lesson: 1967) and Harold Macmillan (whose relevant volume came out in 1971) were also publishing memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p259-62-211">[210]</a> Nutting accused Lloyd not of lying but of not telling the whole truth to the House of Commons. Lloyd insisted that this was perfectly legitimate and that this had been the view of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Edward Grey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a>. Nutting's book made Lloyd more determined to release his own memoirs in due course.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> Lloyd wrote two books, "Mr Speaker, sir" (1976) and "Suez 1956: a Personal View" (1978).<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> Suez 1956 was the first British admission that the Sevres meeting had taken place (it had already been disclosed by Dayan and Pineau). Sir Donald Logan had to help finish the research as Lloyd by then was ill and could not concentrate for longer than ten or fifteen minutes at a time. He insisted that there had been no "collusion" as Britain had acted in good faith, and had not instigated the Israeli attack. Nigel Nicolson thought the book "pathetic".<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> Lloyd did not live to complete his memoirs, which he had planned to call "A Middle-Class Lawyer from Liverpool" after a famous sneer of Harold Macmillan's at his expense.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd was respected for his cool and shrewd judgement.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a> In public he was "a stiff-necked, prickly, rather off-putting figure"<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> and even in private, after his dismissal from the Exchequer "he had a ruffled, sad look as though bad news had only just reached him."<a href="#cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-215">[214]</a> However, he could sometimes be a much more gregarious and charismatic man in private than his reserved public image would have suggested.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mount" title="Ferdinand Mount">Sir Ferdinand Mount</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt.</a>, wrote that he possessed "an exact appreciation of himself". "He was proud of the things he was patronised for" (being called "the Little Attorney" by Macmillan, or "Mr Hoylake UDC" by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Levin" title="Bernard Levin">Bernard Levin</a>). In politics, he was loyal to his (self-proclaimed) social superiors who often did not display loyalty in return.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Lloyd married his secretary Elizabeth Marshall, known as Bae, daughter of Roland Marshall of West Kirby, a family friend.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p148-217">[216]</a> Lloyd, who still lived with his parents when in the Wirral, and who had never had a serious girlfriend, was uneasy with women.<a href="#cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-8-218">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Pamela_Smith" title="Lady Pamela Smith">Pamela Berry</a> claimed that Selwyn had told her that he did not much care for sex.<a href="#cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-8-218">[217]</a> He wrote to his parents (November 1950) that "the fatal announcement" of their engagement had been made and that he felt like somebody shivering before getting into a cold bath.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p148-217">[216]</a> The marriage took place on <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Urban_District" title="Wirral Urban District">the Wirral</a> on 29 March 1951.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p148-217">[216]</a> Lloyd was 46 whilst Bae, a solicitor by profession, was born in 1928, making her 24 years his junior.<a href="#cite_note-ODNB-22">[21]</a> At the reception somebody told him that he had a beautiful bride, and he responded that he had a beautiful wedding cake too.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p148-217">[216]</a> Lloyd's younger sister Rachel, and Bae's mother, both had misgivings about the marriage.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p148-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-8-218">[217]</a> Selwyn and Bae had a daughter, Joanna, but divorced in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-ODNB-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> At the time of Suez, Bae had been in a bad car crash with her lover, whom she later married.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> Lloyd was awarded custody of his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a> He remained on friendly terms with his wife after his divorce,<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> but seldom spoke of her to others, so much so that Ferdinand Mount records that he had no idea how her name was pronounced.<a href="#cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-215">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a> quipped that Selwyn's wife had left him "because he got into bed with his sweater on".<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> After his divorce he was a lonely man and was sometimes known to try to persuade less than keen civil servants to accompany him to the cinema on Saturday afternoons when the week's work was done.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p276-224">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Homosexuality">edit</a>]</div> After his divorce, rumour sometimes circulated that Lloyd had homosexual inclinations. He entertained young servicemen at Chequers.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mount" title="Ferdinand Mount">Sir Ferdinand Mount</a> writes that he was clearly attracted to the young <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Aitken" title="Jonathan Aitken">Jonathan Aitken</a> (his godson, who also worked for him in the early 1960s) but showed no interest in Diana Leishman, an attractive young woman who also worked for him.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Michael Bloch writes that he was "infatuated with" Aitken who "had some difficulty parrying his advances" and with the young <a href="/wiki/Peter_Walker,_Baron_Walker_of_Worcester" title="Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester">Peter Walker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a> The actor <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Booth" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Booth">Anthony Booth</a> (in his 1989 book Stroll On) claimed that he had been accosted on <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">the Mall</a> by a clearly drunk Selwyn Lloyd, who made a pass at him under the pretext of asking for a light for his cigarette, a recognised courtship ritual among gay men at the time, inviting him back to <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_London" title="Admiralty House, London">Admiralty House</a> (which was Lloyd's official residence in 1963-4).<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a> Ferdinand Mount comments that such behaviour as alleged by Booth would have been out of character, but adds carefully that "It is not clear whether [Lloyd] was ever gay in the active sense".<a href="#cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> Charles Williams writes that Lloyd "had a dubious private life" and that his "private life was the subject of much gossip" but offers no further details.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment">Assessment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Assessment">edit</a>]</div> Lloyd's obituaries concentrated on his role in Suez. He would have preferred to have been remembered for his minority report on the Beveridge Report on broadcasting, and for setting up the NEDC.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> Nigel Nicolson thought him "weak and mendacious" over Suez and recorded that <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a> regarded him with contempt. However, he acquired a higher reputation as Macmillan's Foreign Secretary. <a href="/wiki/William_Hayter_(diplomat)" title="William Hayter (diplomat)">Sir William Hayter</a>, who worked with Lloyd in Ankara during the Baghdad Pact conference in January 1958, commented on how he had a higher regard for Lloyd after the latter had ceased to be Eden's assistant. "I liked him and even respected him and ... he was really a very able Minister". Thorpe argues that he was not quite in the same league as Bevin or Eden but very much in the next rung.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> He was happy to listen to expert advice in a way that Eden would not have been.<a href="#cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p276-224">[223]</a> Edmund Dell describes Lloyd as "not up to the job" of chancellor.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> He was "a man with limited intellectual horizons ... fortunate to occupy two of the highest offices in the state. He was less fortunate in the timing [Foreign Secretary during Suez then Chancellor at a time of relative economic decline] … there is no evidence that he understood economic arguments … he was a man tied to his brief, lacking the conviction or understanding to make an independent contribution".<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> However, the real problems with the British economy at this time were, in Dell's view, short-termism (longer time was needed to get results) and an overvalued exchange rate.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> The immediate cause for Lloyd's dismissal was that Macmillan saw the Treasury as obstructive in drawing up a workable incomes policy, but Dell argues that the real problem was lack of political will, by Macmillan and other ministers, to enforce compulsory wage control. Macmillan wanted the "open air cure" (i.e. public moral pressure to discourage inflationary wage rises), so it is hard to see how Lloyd could have urged anything stronger.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p279-184">[183]</a> A National Incomes Commission ("Nicky") was eventually set up 26 July 1962, after Lloyd's dismissal. It was boycotted by the TUC, who claimed to have been inadequately consulted. It had no compulsory powers, but only powers to demand papers and interview people, and make criticisms of wage settlements which were deemed not in the national interest. Only three cases were ever referred to it.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_1997,_p281-203">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mount" title="Ferdinand Mount">Ferdinand Mount</a> argues that Lloyd's obituary in <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> was wrong to call him unimaginative and that Lloyd was in fact an innovative chancellor. Macmillan, obsessed with economic expansion, constantly belittled Lloyd in his memoirs. In Mount's view, just as Suez was a watershed in foreign policy, so Macmillan's sacking of Lloyd was a watershed in economic policy, opening the way to the inflation of the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> Lloyd would sometimes later claim that he might have become prime minister if he had resigned as Foreign Secretary over Suez or if he had made more fuss over his sacking as Chancellor. His biographer D.R. Thorpe dismisses this as "wishful thinking", arguing that Lloyd was not even in the same league as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a>, politicians who were – in different ways – of first-rank importance despite not becoming prime minister. Rather, he was "more <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol</a>", i.e. a respectable middle-ranking Oxford college, rather than a prestigious one.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Arms">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Selwyn Lloyd </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/225px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/300px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png/200px-Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png/300px-Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png/400px-Selwyn-Lloyd_Escutcheon.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>Lloyd's arms, as displayed on the peers' staircase <a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>On a demi golf ball a seapie Proper.</dd> <dt>Torse</dt> <dd>Or Azure and Gules.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Per pale Azure and Or on a fess per pale Or and Gules between in chief two bees volant and in base a garb all counterchanged a dragon passant per pale Gules and Or.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> From 1945 to 1971 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1">"Former Speaker Selwyn Lloyd is dead". The Guardian (London). <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 18 May 1978. p. 1. <q>Lord Selwyn-Lloyd, the Tory elder statesman who was Speaker of the House of Commons for five years, died at his home in Oxfordshire last night.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Former+Speaker+Selwyn+Lloyd+is+dead&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1978-05-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Lord Selwyn-Lloyd, 73". The Boston Globe. <a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a>. 18 May 1978. p. 2. <q>Lord Selwyn-Lloyd... died yesterday at the age of 73</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Lord+Selwyn-Lloyd%2C+73&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1978-05-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p157-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p157_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p157_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p157_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p157_4-3">d</a> Matthew 2004, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p158-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p158_6-17">r</a> Matthew 2004, p. 158. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch_2015,_p.202-4_7-6">g</a> Bloch 2015, pp. 202–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p26-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p26_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p26_11-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keynessociety.wordpress.com/about-the-keynes-society/">"About us"</a>. Keynes Society for Cambridge Student Liberal Democrats. 28 February 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=Keynes+Society+for+Cambridge+Student+Liberal+Democrats&rft.date=2009-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkeynessociety.wordpress.com%2Fabout-the-keynes-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 26. The book does not specify exactly when he switched from History to Law or whether his history result was in June 1926 or June 1927 (the date when he should have graduated, had it not been for the general strike). </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p35-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p35_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p35_17-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 38–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p56-7-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p56-7_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p56-7_19-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 56–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 36–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_22-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._R._Thorpe" title="D. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31371">10.1093/ref:odnb/31371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lloyd%2C+%28John%29+Selwyn+Brooke%2C+Baron+Selwyn-Lloyd+%281904%E2%80%931978%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31371&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p59-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p59_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p59_24-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-measuringworth.com-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-measuringworth.com_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-measuringworth.com_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-measuringworth.com_25-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php">Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331194822/https://measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php">Archived</a> 31 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p61-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p61_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p61_26-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p76-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p76_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p76_27-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-Quarterly_Army_List_45-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quarterly_Army_List_45_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quarterly_Army_List_45_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quarterly_Army_List_45_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quarterly_Army_List_45_28-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Quarterly Army List: April–June 1945. HM Stationery Office. 1945. pp. 497e.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quarterly+Army+List%3A+April%E2%80%93June+1945&rft.pages=497e&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p71-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p71_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p71_30-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p73-5-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p73-5_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p73-5_33-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 73–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette36033" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36033/supplement/2426">"No. 36033"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 2 June 1943. p. 2426.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+36033&rft.pages=2426&rft.date=1943-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F36033%2Fsupplement%2F2426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p78-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p78_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p78_38-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Clarke 1992, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette36917" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36917/supplement/670">"No. 36917"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 1 February 1945. p. 670.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+36917&rft.pages=670&rft.date=1945-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F36917%2Fsupplement%2F670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37521" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37521/supplement/1675">"No. 37521"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 4 April 1946. p. 1675.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37521&rft.pages=1675&rft.date=1946-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37521%2Fsupplement%2F1675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Quarterly Army List: October–December 1945. 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href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37963" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37963/page/2316">"No. 37963"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 23 May 1947. p. 2316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37963&rft.pages=2316&rft.date=1947-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37963%2Fpage%2F2316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9118">"Broadcasting Committee (1949–1950): Evidence and Papers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives</a>. Retrieved 30 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Broadcasting+Committee+%281949%E2%80%931950%29%3A+Evidence+and+Papers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2FC9118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles by Dominic Sandbrook. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 163–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 168. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p177-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p177_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p177_57-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p159-60-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p159-60_61-7">h</a> Matthew 2004, pp. 159–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p114-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p114_66-0">^</a> Shepherd 1994, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p217-8-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p217-8_67-0">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 217–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 243. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p220-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p220_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p220_69-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p221-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p221_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p221_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p221_70-2">c</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 221. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 219, 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p223-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p223_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p223_72-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> The ODNB states that Lloyd was in New York from 5 to 15 September "preparing for the Security Council meeting". This is impossible to reconcile with the more detailed account in Thorpe's 1989 biography, which has him attending meetings in London and exchanging messages with New York in this period. It may be a confusion with his absence in New York between 1 and 16 October. [Thorpe 1989, pp. 223–7, 229]. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 224–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 225. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 226–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> The Six Principles were free passage of the canal, respect for Egyptian sovereignty, the canal not be under the control of any single country, tolls to be agreed between Egypt and other users, some revenues to be allocated to development and disputes to be put to arbitration [David Dutton: Anthony Eden: A Life and A Reputation (1997), p. 414]. The Seven Points had also included permitting non-Egyptian personnel to work on the canal. [Thorpe 1989, p. 228]. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p230-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p230_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p230_79-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p230-1-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p230-1_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p230-1_80-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 230–1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2010,_p253-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p253_81-0">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew_2004,_p160-1-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew_2004,_p160-1_82-35">aj</a> Matthew 2004, pp. 160–1. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 232. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p233-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p233_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p233_84-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 233. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jago_2015,_p287-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jago_2015,_p287_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jago_2015,_p287_85-1">b</a> Jago 2015, p. 287. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Jago 2015, pp. 290–1. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 254–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p116-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p116_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p116_88-1">b</a> Shepherd 1994, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p234-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p234_89-0">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jago_2015,_p288-9-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jago_2015,_p288-9_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jago_2015,_p288-9_91-1">b</a> Jago 2015, pp. 288–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 237. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p238-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p238_93-0">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 239–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 241. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 242. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p117-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p117_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p117_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p117_98-2">c</a> Shepherd 1994, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 243. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p247-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p247_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p247_101-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 247. </li> <li id="cite_note-Davenport-Hines_2013,_p203-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davenport-Hines_2013,_p203_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davenport-Hines_2013,_p203_102-1">b</a> Davenport-Hines 2013, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepherd_1994,_p118-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p118_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p118_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shepherd_1994,_p118_103-2">c</a> Shepherd 1994, p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p210-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p210_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p210_104-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 247–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 245. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p249-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p249_108-0">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 249. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 259. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 260–1. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 249–50. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p251-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p251_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p251_112-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 251. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 265–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p252-4_114-2">c</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 252–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Jago 2015, p. 297. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Shepherd 1994, pp. 119–20. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p254-6-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p254-6_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p254-6_117-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 254–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 257. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Jago 2015, p. 311. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p256-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p256_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p256_120-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Jago 2015, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Thorpe 2010, pp. 361–362. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 274–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Sandford 2005, pp. 77–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p277-9-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p277-9_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p277-9_130-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 277–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 285–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p280-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p280_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p280_132-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Davenport-Hines 2013, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p282-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p282_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p282_134-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 282. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2010,_p312-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p312_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p312_135-1">b</a> Williams 2010, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 283. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 308. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 284. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 314–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p285-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p285_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p285_140-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 285. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 325. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90_142-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90_142-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90_142-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p287-90_142-4">e</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 287–90. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 331–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 337. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 291–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 294. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 295. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 296. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 354. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 301. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 362. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 302. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 302–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Williams 2010, p. 368. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Edmund Dell, The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90 (HarperCollins, 1997), pp. 258–82. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 260. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p258,_261-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p258,_261_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p258,_261_157-1">b</a> Dell 1997, pp. 258, 261. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p261-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p261_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p261_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p261_159-2">c</a> Dell 1997, p. 261. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 259. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Employers' National Insurance Contributions are paid by the employer on behalf of the worker but are not deducted from the worker's wages, unlike employee NICs, which are deducted from wages as if they were a tax. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p262-3-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p262-3_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p262-3_162-1">b</a> Dell 1997, pp. 262–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> Dell 1997, pp. 263–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p264-6-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p264-6_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p264-6_164-1">b</a> Dell 1997, pp. 264–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 390, 402–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._518-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._518_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._518_166-1">b</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 518. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p267-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p267_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p267_167-1">b</a> Dell 1997, p. 267. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 327. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Dell 1997, pp. 269–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2010,_p402-4-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p402-4_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p402-4_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p402-4_170-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p402-4_170-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p402-4_170-4">e</a> Williams 2010, pp. 402–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 314. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p274-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p274_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p274_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p274_173-2">c</a> Dell 1997, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 333–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p275-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p275_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p275_175-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p275_175-2">c</a> Dell 1997, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Dell 1997, pp. 270–1. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 272. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._520-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._520_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._520_178-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._520_178-2">c</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 520. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p277-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p277_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p277_179-1">b</a> Dell 1997, p. 277. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 276. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2010,_p407-12-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p407-12_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p407-12_181-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p407-12_181-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2010,_p407-12_181-3">d</a> Williams 2010, pp. 407–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 402–4. Williams gives the date as April, which was a separate by-election in Labour held <a href="/wiki/1962_Derby_North_by-election" title="1962 Derby North by-election">Derby North</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 278. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p279-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p279_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p279_184-1">b</a> Dell 1997, p. 279. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 522. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 521. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p280-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p280_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p280_187-1">b</a> Dell 1997, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._524-5-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._524-5_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._524-5_188-1">b</a> Thorpe 2010, pp. 524–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 345. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette42736" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42736/page/5807">"No. 42736"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 20 July 1962. p. 5807.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+42736&rft.pages=5807&rft.date=1962-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F42736%2Fpage%2F5807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._525-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._525_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._525_191-1">b</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 525. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_2010,_p._564-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._564_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_2010,_p._564_192-1">b</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 564. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> Thorpe 2010, p. xiv. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Davenport-Hines 2013, p. 269. </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 258. </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 261. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> Thorpe 2010, p. 572. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 381–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette43143" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/43143/page/8771">"No. 43143"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 25 October 1963. p. 8771.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+43143&rft.pages=8771&rft.date=1963-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F43143%2Fpage%2F8771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 384. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell_1997,_p281-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p281_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dell_1997,_p281_203-1">b</a> Dell 1997, p. 281. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 395. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 440. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1972/jan/31/northern-ireland">"Northern Ireland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 830. House of Commons. 31 January 1972. col. 32–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150324044912/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1972/jan/31/northern-ireland">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Northern+Ireland&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-32-43&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1972-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1972%2Fjan%2F31%2Fnorthern-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette46330" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46330/page/7136">"No. 46330"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 18 June 1974. p. 7136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+46330&rft.pages=7136&rft.date=1974-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F46330%2Fpage%2F7136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette46823" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46823/page/2263">"No. 46823"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 13 February 1976. p. 2263.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+46823&rft.pages=2263&rft.date=1976-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F46823%2Fpage%2F2263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette46847" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46847/page/3685">"No. 46847"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 11 March 1976. p. 3685.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+46847&rft.pages=3685&rft.date=1976-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F46847%2Fpage%2F3685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 210, 259–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p259-62-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p259-62_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p259-62_211-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 259–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 264–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> Thorpe 1989, pp. 265–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 245. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_2009,_p246_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_2009,_p246_215-1">b</a> Mount 2009, p. 246. </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> Mount 2009, pp. 248–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p148-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p148_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p148_217-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p148_217-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p148_217-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p148_217-4">e</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 148. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mount_2009,_p246-8-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_2009,_p246-8_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_2009,_p246-8_218-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_2009,_p246-8_218-2">c</a> Mount 2009, pp. 246–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> Marriage registered in the Wirral Registration District in the first quarter of 1951. </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> The Times (Thursday, 18 May 1978), p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 250. </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Sandford 2005, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorpe_1989,_p276-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p276_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thorpe_1989,_p276_224-1">b</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 276. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 247. </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> Mount 2009, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> Williams 2010, pp. 279, 325. </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 258. </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 306. </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 282. </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 258. </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> Dell 1997, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> Mount 2009, pp. 262–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> Thorpe 1989, p. 443. </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/baz_manning/51828934080/in/dateposted/">"Selwyn Lloyd. Speaker 1971–1976"</a>. Baz Manning. 5 April 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selwyn+Lloyd.+Speaker+1971%E2%80%931976&rft.pub=Baz+Manning&rft.date=2010-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fbaz_manning%2F51828934080%2Fin%2Fdateposted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch2015" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, Michael (2015). Closet Queens: Some 20th Century British Politicians. London: Little, Brown Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-408-70412-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-408-70412-7"><bdi>978-1-408-70412-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Closet+Queens%3A+Some+20th+Century+British+Politicians&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Ltd&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-408-70412-7&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1999" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Peter (1999) [1992]. A Question of Leadership. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-140-28403-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-140-28403-4"><bdi>978-0-140-28403-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Question+of+Leadership&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-140-28403-4&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport-Hines2013" class="citation book cs1">Davenport-Hines, Richard (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishaffairsex0000dave">An English Affair: Sex, Class and Power in the Age of Profumo</a>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-007-43585-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-007-43585-2"><bdi>978-0-007-43585-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+English+Affair%3A+Sex%2C+Class+and+Power+in+the+Age+of+Profumo&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-007-43585-2&rft.aulast=Davenport-Hines&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishaffairsex0000dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDell1997" class="citation book cs1">Dell, Edmund (1997). The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945-90. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-006-38418-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-006-38418-2"><bdi>978-0-006-38418-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chancellors%3A+A+History+of+the+Chancellors+of+the+Exchequer%2C+1945-90&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-006-38418-2&rft.aulast=Dell&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> covers his term as Chancellor.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJago2015" class="citation book cs1">Jago, Michael (2015). Rab Butler: The Best Prime Minister We Never Had?. London: Biteback Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-849-54920-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-849-54920-2"><bdi>978-1-849-54920-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rab+Butler%3A+The+Best+Prime+Minister+We+Never+Had%3F&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Biteback+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-849-54920-2&rft.aulast=Jago&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMount2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mount" title="Ferdinand Mount">Mount, Ferdinand</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780747596479">Cold Cream: My Early Life and Other Mistakes</a> (paperback ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-747-59647-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-747-59647-9"><bdi>978-0-747-59647-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+Cream%3A+My+Early+Life+and+Other+Mistakes&rft.place=London&rft.edition=paperback&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-747-59647-9&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780747596479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> (Mount worked for Lloyd as a young man in the early 1960s)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandbrook2005" class="citation book cs1">Sandbrook, Dominic (2005). Never Had It So Good. London: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11530-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11530-6"><bdi>978-0-349-11530-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Never+Had+It+So+Good&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-349-11530-6&rft.aulast=Sandbrook&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd1994" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, Robert (1994). Iain Macleod. Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-091-78567-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-091-78567-3"><bdi>978-0-091-78567-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iain+Macleod&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-091-78567-3&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._R._Thorpe" title="D. R. Thorpe">Thorpe, D. R.</a> (2011). "Lloyd, (John) Selwyn Brooke, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd (1904–1978)". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31371">10.1093/ref:odnb/31371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lloyd%2C+%28John%29+Selwyn+Brooke%2C+Baron+Selwyn-Lloyd+%281904%E2%80%931978%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31371&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._R._Thorpe" title="D. R. Thorpe">Thorpe, D. R.</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/selwynlloyd0000thor">Selwyn Lloyd</a>. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-02828-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-02828-8"><bdi>978-0-224-02828-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selwyn+Lloyd&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape+Ltd&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-224-02828-8&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fselwynlloyd0000thor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._R._Thorpe" title="D. R. Thorpe">Thorpe, D. R.</a> (2010). Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan (Kindle ed.). London: Chatto & Windus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-13541-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-13541-7"><bdi>978-1-844-13541-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supermac%3A+The+Life+of+Harold+Macmillan&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-844-13541-7&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatry2014" class="citation book cs1">Watry, David M. (2014). Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807157183" title="Special:BookSources/9780807157183"><bdi>9780807157183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diplomacy+at+the+Brink%3A+Eisenhower%2C+Churchill%2C+and+Eden+in+the+Cold+War&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780807157183&rft.aulast=Watry&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Elvel" title="Charles Williams, Baron Williams of Elvel">Williams, Charles</a> (2010). Harold Macmillan (paperback ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-753-82702-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-753-82702-4"><bdi>978-0-753-82702-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Macmillan&rft.place=London&rft.edition=paperback&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-753-82702-4&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelwyn+Lloyd" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwyn_Lloyd&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-selwyn-lloyd">contributions in Parliament by Selwyn Lloyd</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.96001">"Longines Chronoscope with Selwyn Lloyd"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp05738">Portraits of Selwyn Lloyd</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333080#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1835">The Papers of Selwyn Lloyd</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Archives_Centre" title="Churchill Archives Centre">Churchill Archives Centre</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Crosland_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Crosland Graham">Alan Crosland Graham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wirral_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wirral (UK Parliament constituency)">The Wirral</a> <a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a>–<a href="/wiki/1976_Wirral_by-election" title="1976 Wirral by-election">1976</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Wirral" title="David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral">David Hunt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Horace_King,_Baron_Maybray-King" title="Horace King, Baron Maybray-King">Horace King</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> 1971–1976 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas,_1st_Viscount_Tonypandy" title="George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy">George Thomas</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister of Defence (United Kingdom)">Minister of Defence</a> 1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Monckton" title="Walter Monckton">Walter Monckton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> 1955–1960 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">The Earl of Home</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat_Amory" class="mw-redirect" title="Derick Heathcoat Amory">Derick Heathcoat Amory</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> 1960–1962 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Iain Macleod</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> 1963–1964 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Bowden">Herbert Bowden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> 1963–1964 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">The Earl of Longford</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template talk:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellors of the exchequer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_England" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">Maunsell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_de_Leicester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralf de Leicester (page does not exist)">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_of_Westminster_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward of Westminster (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">W. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">G. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_la_Leye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger de la Leye (page does not exist)">de la Leye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_de_Willoughby" title="Philip de Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Benstede" title="John de Benstede">Benstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">Sandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hervey_de_Stanton" title="Hervey de Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_Harvington" title="Adam de Harvington">Harvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Wodehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ashby_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ashby (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ashton" title="Robert de Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Barnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Barnham (page does not exist)">Barnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somer" title="Henry Somer">Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somerset" title="John Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Browne (died 1460)">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thwaites_(civil_servant)" title="Thomas Thwaites (civil servant)">Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fowler_(chancellor)" title="Richard Fowler (chancellor)">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners" title="John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners">Berners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sackville_(escheator)" title="Richard Sackville (escheator)">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mildmay" title="Walter Mildmay">Mildmay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_of_Salden" title="John Fortescue of Salden">Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar" title="George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Greville,_1st_Baron_Brooke" title="Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke">Greville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barrett,_1st_Lord_Barrett_of_Newburgh" title="Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">Cottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colepeper,_1st_Baron_Colepeper" title="John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper">Colepeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncombe_(Bury_St_Edmunds_MP)" title="John Duncombe (Bury St Edmunds MP)">Duncombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernle" title="John Ernle">Ernle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Delamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hampden" title="Richard Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benson,_1st_Baron_Bingley" title="Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wyndham,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet">Wyndham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_1st_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aislabie" title="John Aislabie">Aislabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pratt_(judge)" title="John Pratt (judge)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(English_judge)" title="William Lee (English judge)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lyttelton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer" title="Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer">Dashwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dowdeswell_(politician,_born_1721)" title="William Dowdeswell (politician, born 1721)">Dowdeswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Baron_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough">Ellenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbott,_1st_Baron_Tenterden" title="Charles Abbott, 1st Baron Tenterden">Tenterden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman,_1st_Baron_Denman" title="Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman">Denman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">Spring Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baring,_1st_Baron_Northbrook" title="Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook">Baring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood,_1st_Viscount_Halifax" title="Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ward_Hunt" title="George Ward Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat-Amory,_1st_Viscount_Amory" title="Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory">Heathcoat-Amory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Reeves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italic: Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Secretary" title="Template:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Secretary" title="Template talk:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Secretary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_2nd_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham">Grantham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Osborne,_5th_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Harrowby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Phipps,_1st_Earl_of_Mulgrave" title="Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave">Mulgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" title="John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Iddesleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Bevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">Lammy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State" title="Category:British Secretaries of State">Category:British Secretaries of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal:United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Defence_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence" title="Template:Secretaries of State for Defence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence" title="Template talk:Secretaries of State for Defence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Defence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries of State for Defence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Defence_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Defence secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Co-ordination_of_Defence" title="Minister for Co-ordination of Defence">Ministers for co-ordination of defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Inskip,_1st_Viscount_Caldecote" title="Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote">Sir Thomas Inskip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernle_Chatfield,_1st_Baron_Chatfield" title="Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield">Lord Chatfield</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministers for defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">A. V. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Shinwell" title="Manny Shinwell">Manny Shinwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis">Harold Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Selwyn Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Monckton" title="Walter Monckton">Sir Walter Monckton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Head,_1st_Viscount_Head" title="Antony Head, 1st Viscount Head">Anthony Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sandys" title="Duncan Sandys">Duncan Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Watkinson" title="Harold Watkinson">Harold Watkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Peter Thorneycroft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretaries of state for defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Peter Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Lord Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gilmour,_Baron_Gilmour_of_Craigmillar" title="Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar">Ian Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Mason" title="Roy Mason">Roy Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mulley" title="Fred Mulley">Fred Mulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Francis Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nott" title="John Nott">John Nott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Younger,_4th_Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie">George Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_King,_Baron_King_of_Bridgwater" title="Tom King, Baron King of Bridgwater">Tom King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Portillo" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robertson,_Baron_Robertson_of_Port_Ellen" title="George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen">George Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Geoff Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">John Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Browne" title="Des Browne">Des Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton_of_Furness" title="John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness">John Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ainsworth" title="Bob Ainsworth">Bob Ainsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson">Gavin Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Ben Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Healey" title="John Healey">John Healey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Speaker of the British House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Speaker of the British House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speaker of the British House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speakers of the House of Commons</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of speakers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons of England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Shareshull" title="William de Shareshull">de Shareshull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_la_Mare" title="Peter de la Mare">De la Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hungerford_(speaker)" title="Thomas Hungerford (speaker)">Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_la_Mare" title="Peter de la Mare">De la Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pickering" title="James Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Guildesborough" title="John Guildesborough">Guildesborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Waldegrave_(politician)" title="Richard Waldegrave (politician)">Waldegrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pickering" title="James Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bussy" title="John Bussy">Bussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cheyne_(speaker)" title="John Cheyne (speaker)">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doreward" title="John Doreward">Doreward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Savage" title="Arnold Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Redford" title="Henry Redford">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Savage" title="Arnold Savage">Savage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Esturmy" title="William Esturmy">Esturmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tiptoft,_1st_Baron_Tiptoft" title="John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft">Tiptoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chaucer" title="Thomas Chaucer">Chaucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stourton_(speaker)" title="William Stourton (speaker)">Stourton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doreward" title="John Doreward">Doreward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hungerford,_1st_Baron_Hungerford" title="Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford">Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chaucer" title="Thomas Chaucer">Chaucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Redman_(speaker)" title="Richard Redman (speaker)">Redman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Beauchamp" title="Walter Beauchamp">Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Flower" title="Roger Flower">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hunt_(speaker)" title="Roger Hunt (speaker)">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chaucer" title="Thomas Chaucer">Chaucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baynard" title="Richard Baynard">Baynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Flower" title="Roger Flower">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(speaker)" title="John Russell (speaker)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walton" title="Thomas Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vernon_(speaker)" title="Richard Vernon (speaker)">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(died_1437)" title="John Tyrrell (died 1437)">Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alington_(speaker)" title="William Alington (speaker)">Alington I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(died_1437)" title="John Tyrrell (died 1437)">Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(speaker)" title="John Russell (speaker)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hunt_(speaker)" title="Roger Hunt (speaker)">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowes_(speaker)" title="John Bowes (speaker)">Bowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(died_1437)" title="John Tyrrell (died 1437)">Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burley_(politician)" title="William Burley (politician)">Burley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tresham" title="William Tresham">W. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burley_(politician)" title="William Burley (politician)">Burley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tresham" title="William Tresham">W. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Say" title="John Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Popham_(military_commander)" title="John Popham (military commander)">Popham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tresham" title="William Tresham">W. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oldhall" title="William Oldhall">Oldhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thorpe_(speaker)" title="Thomas Thorpe (speaker)">Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charlton_(speaker)" title="Thomas Charlton (speaker)">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wenlock,_1st_Baron_Wenlock" title="John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock">Wenlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tresham_(speaker)" title="Thomas Tresham (speaker)">T. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Green_(speaker)" title="John Green (speaker)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Strangeways" title="James Strangeways">Strangeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Say" title="John Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alington_(speaker,_died_1479)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Alington (speaker, died 1479)">Alington II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(speaker)" title="John Wood (speaker)">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mordaunt_(speaker)" title="John Mordaunt (speaker)">Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzwilliam" title="Thomas Fitzwilliam">Fitzwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Empson" title="Richard Empson">Empson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drury_(speaker)" title="Robert Drury (speaker)">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Englefield" title="Thomas Englefield">Englefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dudley" title="Edmund Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Englefield" title="Thomas Englefield">Englefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sheffield" title="Robert Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nevill" title="Thomas Nevill">Nevill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">Audley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Wingfield" title="Humphrey Wingfield">Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rich,_1st_Baron_Rich" title="Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hare" title="Nicholas Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Moyle" title="Thomas Moyle">Moyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dyer" title="James Dyer">Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pollard_(speaker)" title="John Pollard (speaker)">Pollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Broke" title="Robert Broke">Broke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Higham" title="Clement Higham">Higham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cordell" title="William Cordell">Cordell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gargrave" title="Thomas Gargrave">Gargrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(speaker)" title="Thomas Williams (speaker)">T. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow_(Solicitor_General)" title="Richard Onslow (Solicitor General)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wray_(English_judge)" title="Christopher Wray (English judge)">Wray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(speaker)" title="Robert Bell (speaker)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Popham_(judge)" title="John Popham (judge)">Popham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Puckering" title="John Puckering">Puckering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Snagge" title="Thomas Snagge">Snagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Coke" title="Edward Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Yelverton" title="Christopher Yelverton">Yelverton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Croke" title="John Croke">Croke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Phelips_(speaker)" title="Edward Phelips (speaker)">Phelips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Crewe" title="Ranulph Crewe">R. Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Richardson_(judge)" title="Thomas Richardson (judge)">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crewe" title="Thomas Crewe">T. Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_Finch_(speaker)" title="Heneage Finch (speaker)">H. Finch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finch,_1st_Baron_Finch" title="John Finch, 1st Baron Finch">J. Finch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glanville" title="John Glanville">Glanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham_(speaker)" title="Henry Pelham (speaker)">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rous" title="Francis Rous">Rous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barebone%27s_Parliament" title="Barebone's Parliament">Barebones Parliament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Widdrington" title="Thomas Widdrington">Widdrington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Second Protectorate Parliament">2nd Protectorate Parliament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaloner_Chute" title="Chaloner Chute">Chute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lislebone_Long" title="Lislebone Long">Long</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bampfield" title="Thomas Bampfield">Bampfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">3rd Protectorate Parliament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harbottle_Grimston,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet">Grimston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Turnour_(speaker)" title="Edward Turnour (speaker)">Turnour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Job_Charlton,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Job Charlton, 1st Baronet">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Seymour,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sawyer_(Attorney_General)" title="Robert Sawyer (Attorney General)">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Seymour,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gregory_(1625%E2%80%931696)" title="William Gregory (1625–1696)">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Williams,_1st_Baronet,_of_Gray%27s_Inn" title="Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, of Gray's Inn">W. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">Trevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Powle" title="Henry Powle">Powle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">Trevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Foley_(ironmaster)" title="Paul Foley (ironmaster)">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Littleton,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet">Littleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="His Majesty's Government coat of arms"><img alt="His Majesty's Government coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain" title="House of Commons of Great Britain">House of Commons of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="18th_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">R. Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bromley_(Speaker)" title="William Bromley (Speaker)">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Hanmer,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Hanmer, 4th Baronet">Hanmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Onslow" title="Arthur Onslow">A. Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Cust,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Cust, 3rd Baronet">Cust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Norton,_1st_Baron_Grantley" title="Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wolfran_Cornwall" title="Charles Wolfran Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Freeman-Mitford,_1st_Baron_Redesdale" title="John Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbot,_1st_Baron_Colchester" title="Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners-Sutton,_1st_Viscount_Canterbury" title="Charles Manners-Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury">Manners-Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abercromby,_1st_Baron_Dunfermline" title="James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline">Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Shaw-Lefevre,_1st_Viscount_Eversley" title="Charles Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Viscount Eversley">Shaw-Lefevre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Denison,_1st_Viscount_Ossington" title="Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brand,_1st_Viscount_Hampden" title="Henry Brand, 1st Viscount Hampden">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Peel,_1st_Viscount_Peel" title="Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Court_Gully,_1st_Viscount_Selby" title="William Court Gully, 1st Viscount Selby">Gully</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lowther,_1st_Viscount_Ullswater" title="James Lowther, 1st Viscount Ullswater">Lowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Whitley" title="John Henry Whitley">Whitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_FitzRoy" title="Edward FitzRoy">FitzRoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Clifton_Brown,_1st_Viscount_Ruffside" title="Douglas Clifton Brown, 1st Viscount Ruffside">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hylton-Foster" title="Harry Hylton-Foster">Hylton-Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_King,_Baron_Maybray-King" title="Horace King, Baron Maybray-King">King</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas,_1st_Viscount_Tonypandy" title="George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Weatherill" title="Bernard Weatherill">Weatherill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boothroyd" title="Betty Boothroyd">Boothroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin,_Baron_Martin_of_Springburn" title="Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin,_Baron_Martin_of_Springburn" title="Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bercow" title="John Bercow">Bercow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leaders of the House of Commons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1757_caretaker_ministry" title="1757 caretaker ministry">Vacant (caretaker ministry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway" title="Henry Seymour Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">Huskisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks-Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Crookshank" title="Harry Crookshank">Crookshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden,_Baron_Aylestone" title="Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone">Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Crossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_St_John-Stevas" title="Norman St John-Stevas">St John-Stevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biffen" title="John Biffen">Biffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Taylor,_Baroness_Taylor_of_Bolton" title="Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Hain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Lansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">Lidington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Powell" title="Lucy Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333080#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333080#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333080#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084010038">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/93320388">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/259480/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpPCGBGvk7m9qrtb93qQq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118911007">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr89014688">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p080279287">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90145851">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007425206905171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1075900">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118911007.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079561993">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573333">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sb880r">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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