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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Ramayana" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Ramayana" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estructura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Estructura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estructura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Datació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Datació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argument" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argument"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Argument</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argument-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anàlisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anàlisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Anàlisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anàlisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptacions_al_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptacions_al_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adaptacions al cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptacions_al_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramayana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 118 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="رامايانا - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رامايانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A3" title="ৰামায়ণ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰামায়ণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - balinès" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A3" title="রামায়ণ - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রামায়ণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%BD" title="༼ར་མ་ཡ་ན།༽ - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༼ར་མ་ཡ་ན།༽" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A3" title="রামায়ণ - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রামায়ণ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ڕامایانا - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕامایانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m%C3%A1jana" title="Rámájana - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rámájana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ραμαγιάνα - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραμαγιάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajano" title="Ramajano - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ramajano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81jana" title="Rāmājana - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rāmājana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="رامایانا - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رامایانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a" title="Rāmāyaṇa - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rāmāyaṇa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A3" title="રામાયણ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રામાયણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ראמאיאנה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראמאיאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m%C3%A1jana" title="Rámájana - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rámájana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Ռամայանա - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռամայանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a" title="Rāmāyaṇa - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rāmāyaṇa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A4%E3%83%8A" title="ラーマーヤナ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラーマーヤナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რამაიანა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რამაიანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%88" title="រាមាយណៈ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រាមាយណៈ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A3" title="ರಾಮಾಯಣ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಮಾಯಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EC%95%BC%EB%82%98" title="라마야나 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라마야나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%86" title="رامایَن - caixmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رامایَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caixmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="«Рамаяна» - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="«Рамаяна»" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanum" title="Ramayanum - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ramayanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81jana" title="Rāmājana - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rāmājana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамајана - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рамајана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="രാമായണം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാമായണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%8F" title="ရာမာယဏ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာမာယဏ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="رامایانا - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رامایانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A3" title="ରାମାୟଣ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାମାୟଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3" title="ਰਾਮਾਇਣ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਮਾਇਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="رامائن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رامائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%BC" title="رامايڼ - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رامايڼ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%A1iana" title="Ramáiana - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ramáiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रामायणम् - sànscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रामायणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sànscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаайана - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рамаайана" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%BB" title="رامائڻ - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رامائڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="රාමායණය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාමායණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m%C3%A1jana" title="Rámájana - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rámájana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="رامائن - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="رامائن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамајана - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рамајана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இராமாயணம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இராமாயணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="రామాయణం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రామాయణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0" title="รามายณะ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รามายณะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راماین - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راماین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="罗摩衍那 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗摩衍那" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რამაიანა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რამაიანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="罗摩衍那 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗摩衍那" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="羅摩衍那 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="羅摩衍那" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="羅摩衍那 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅摩衍那" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37293#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Ramayana&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" 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antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramayana"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Ramayana" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Ramayana" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&oldid=33459079" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Ramayana&id=33459079&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRamayana"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRamayana"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ramayana"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ramayana&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background:Moccasin"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula de llibre"><img alt="Infotaula de llibre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg/28px-Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg/42px-Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg/56px-Emoji_u1f4d6_ct.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="90" /></a></span></span><i>Ramayana</i></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic; background:Moccasin; font-size:110%;"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight: normal;">(sa)</span> <span lang="sa">रामायण</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P1476" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Battle_at_Lanka,_Ramayana,_Udaipur,_1649-53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg/300px-Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg/450px-Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg 1.5x, 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style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1521512" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1521512">epopeia nacional</a> i <a href="/wiki/Obra_liter%C3%A0ria" title="Obra literària">obra literària</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Autor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P50" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Llengua</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0nscrit" title="Sànscrit">sànscrit</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P407" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Format per</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4849870" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4849870">Balakanda</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3633015" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3633015">Sundarakanda</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7463345" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7463345">Lankakanda</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7364116" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7364116">Kixkindhakanda</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4201361" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4201361">Ayodhyakanda</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7307607" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7307607">Aranyakanda</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7454746" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7454746">Uttarakanda</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P527" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Gènere</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Poema_%C3%A8pic" title="Poema èpic">poema èpic</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P136" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Personatges</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rama_(divinitat)" title="Rama (divinitat)">Rama</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lákshmana</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q235102" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q235102">Ravana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dasharatha" title="Dasharatha">Dasharatha</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2046291" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2046291">Kaikeyi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bharata" title="Bharata">Bharata</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2046270" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2046270">Kausalya</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2046297" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2046297">Sumitra</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3518451" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3518451">Shatrughna</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P674" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:Moccasin;">Sèrie</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; width:40%; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Part de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">Itihasa</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293?uselang=ca#P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sugriva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sugriva.jpg/220px-Sugriva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sugriva.jpg/330px-Sugriva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sugriva.jpg/440px-Sugriva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Escena del <i>Ramayana</i>: Rama parlamentant amb el rei mico</figcaption></figure> <p>El <i><b>Ramayana</b></i> és el text sagrat de l'<a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">hinduisme</a> i una de les fites de la literatura oriental.<sup id="cite_ref-dicCor1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicCor1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> És un poema <a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">èpic</a> sànscrit de <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Història de l'Índia">l'antiga Índia</a>, un dels dos més importants de <a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">l'hinduisme</a>, conegut com a <i><a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">Itihasas</a></i> (història), l'altre és el <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahābhārata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> És una epopeia, tradicionalment atribuïda al Maharishi <a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a>, que narra la vida de <a href="/wiki/Rama_(divinitat)" title="Rama (divinitat)">Rama</a>, un príncep llegendari d'<a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> al regne de <a href="/wiki/Kosala" title="Kosala">Kosala</a>. El text segueix el seu exili de catorze anys al bosc impulsat pel seu pare, el rei <a href="/wiki/Dasharatha" title="Dasharatha">Dasharatha</a>, a petició de la madrastra de Rama, Kaikeyi; els seus viatges pels boscos del <a href="/wiki/Subcontinent_indi" title="Subcontinent indi">subcontinent indi</a> amb la seva dona <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> i el seu germà <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a>, el segrest de Sita per Ravana, el rei de Lanka, que va resultar en una guerra; i el retorn eventual de Rama a <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> juntament amb <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> per ser coronat rei enmig de júbil i celebració. </p><p>Les estimacions dels estudiosos per datar els fragments més antics del text van dels segles VIII al IV aC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Mumbai_mirror_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_mirror-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i etapes posteriors que s'estenen fins al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encara que es desconeix la data original de composició. És una de les epopeies antigues més extenses de la literatura mundial i consta de prop de 24.000 <a href="/wiki/Vers" title="Vers">versos</a> (la majoria ambientats al metre Shloka / Anustubh), dividits en set Khanda (parts) on la primera i la setena són addicions posteriors.<sup id="cite_ref-valmikiramayan.net_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valmikiramayan.net-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertany al gènere d'<i>Itihasa</i>, narracions d'esdeveniments passats (purāvṛtta), intercalades amb ensenyaments sobre els <a href="/wiki/Puruixartha" title="Puruixartha">objectius de la vida humana</a> en l'hinduisme. </p><p>Hi ha moltes versions del <i>Ramayana</i> en llengües índies, a més de les adaptacions <a href="/wiki/Budisme" title="Budisme">budistes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhisme" title="Sikhisme">sikhs</a> i jainistes. També hi ha versions de la història <a href="/wiki/Khmer_(llengua)" title="Khmer (llengua)">cambodjana</a> (Reamker), <a href="/wiki/Indonesi" title="Indonesi">indonèsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filip%C3%AD" title="Filipí">filipina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tailand%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Tailandès">tailandesa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ramakien" title="Ramakien">Ramakien</a>), <a href="/wiki/Laosi%C3%A0" title="Laosià">laosiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birm%C3%A0" title="Birmà">birmana</a> i <a href="/wiki/Malai" title="Malai">malaia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-google_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El <i>Ramayana</i> va tenir una influència important en la poesia <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0nscrit" title="Sànscrit">sànscrita</a> posterior i en la vida i la cultura <a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">hindú</a>, i els seus personatges principals van ser fonamentals per a la consciència cultural d'una sèrie de nacions, tant hindús com <a href="/wiki/Budisme" title="Budisme">budistes</a>. La seva influència moral més rellevant va ser la importància de la virtut, en la vida d'un ciutadà i en els ideals de formació d'un estat o d'una societat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Etimologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El nom Rāmāyaṇa es compon de dues paraules, Rāma i ayaṇa. Rāma és el nom del personatge principal de l'èpica i té dos significats contextuals. A l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Atharvaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atharvaveda (encara no existeix)">Atharvaveda</a> significa "fosc, de color fosc, negre" i està relacionat amb la paraula rātri que significa "foscor o quietud de la nit". L'altre significat, que es pot trobar al <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>, és "agradable, encantador, bonic".<sup id="cite_ref-mmwrama_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmwrama-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mmwratri_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmwratri-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La paraula ayana significa viatge. Així, Rāmāyaṇa significa "el viatge de Rama", amb les darreres lletres alterades a causa de la regla gramatical sànscrita del <a href="/wiki/Sandhi" title="Sandhi">sandhi intern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mmwayana_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmwayana-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estructura">Estructura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Estructura"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la seva forma actual, <i>el Ramayana</i> de Valmiki és un poema èpic d'uns 24.000 versos, dividit en set kāṇḍas o volums, i estructurat en unes 500 sargues o capítols.<sup id="cite_ref-valmikiramayan.net2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valmikiramayan.net2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Bala Kanda</i>: naixement de Rama, primers prodigis i casament amb Sita després de superar la prova d'encordar <sup id="cite_ref-Valmiki_Ramayana_s820_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valmiki_Ramayana_s820-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> un potent arc màgic. (76 cants)<sup id="cite_ref-Dowson_1879_p._262_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowson_1879_p._262-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ayodhya Kanda</i>: desterrament de l'<a href="/wiki/Heroi" title="Heroi">heroi</a> per una promesa del seu pare a una esposa.</li> <li><i>Aranya Kanda</i>: llibre del bosc, on es narra la feliç vida de Rama, el seu germà i Sita. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravana (encara no existeix)">Ravana</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">rakshasa</a> (dimoni), rapta Sita amb un truc.<sup id="cite_ref-Books_2021_p._1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Books_2021_p._1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Kishkindya Kanda</i>: Rama comença la recerca de la seva esposa. Ravana no pot obligar Sita a ser la seva esposa.</li> <li><i>Sundara Kanda</i>: Rama s'alia amb el rei dels micos, <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a>, per buscar Sita.</li> <li><i>Yuddha Kanda</i>: Guerra entre Rama i Ravana i els aliats respectius.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowson_1879_p._262-2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowson_1879_p._262-2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Uttara Kanda</i>: Després de la victòria, Rama recupera el seu regne, pas de Rama i Sita a l'altre món.<sup id="cite_ref-Sattar_2017_p._21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sattar_2017_p.-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datació"><span id="Dataci.C3.B3"></span>Datació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Datació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Avatars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Avatars.jpg/220px-Avatars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Avatars.jpg/330px-Avatars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Avatars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Rama (tercer esquerre des de dalt) representat al Dashavatara, els deu avatars de <a href="/wiki/Vixnu" title="Vixnu">Vishnu</a>. Pintura de <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a>, ara al <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Segons Robert P. Goldman, les parts més antigues del <i>Ramayana</i> daten de mitjans del <a href="/wiki/Segle_VIII_aC" title="Segle VIII aC">segle VIII aC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Això es deu al fet que la narració no menciona el budisme ni el protagonisme de <a href="/wiki/Magadha" title="Magadha">Magadha</a>. El text també esmenta Ayodhya com a capital de <a href="/wiki/Kosala" title="Kosala">Kosala</a>, més que el seu nom posterior de Saketa o la capital successora de Shravasti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pel que fa al temps narratiu, l'acció del <i>Ramayana</i> és anterior al <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>. Les estimacions per a l'etapa més primerenca del text disponible oscil·len entre els segles VII i IV aC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Mumbai_mirror2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_mirror2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amb etapes posteriors que s'estenen fins al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington19982_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington19982-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els llibres del dos al sis són la part més antiga de l'èpica, mentre que el primer i l'últim llibre (Bala Kanda i Uttara Kanda, respectivament) semblen ser addicions posteriors. Les diferències d'estil i les contradiccions narratives entre aquests dos volums i la resta de l'èpica han portat els estudiosos des de Hermann Jacobi fins al present cap a aquest consens.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Argument">Argument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Argument"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El rei <a href="/wiki/Dasharatha" title="Dasharatha">Dasharatha</a> no podia tenir fills amb cap de les seves tres esposes i per això va demanar ajuda a la divinitat.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_2021_p._47_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta_2021_p._47-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se celebra una assemblea divina, però apareix el problema més urgent que tenen entre mans: el dimoni Ravana està destruint part de la terra i té un do pel qual cap déu, dimoni o bèstia el pot vèncer. Llavors <a href="/wiki/Vixnu" title="Vixnu">Vixnu</a> afirma que Ravana no està protegit de l'home i per això decideix encarnar-se en un, en el nadó d'una de les esposes de Dasharatha. Les altres dues també conceben, una a <a href="/wiki/Bharata" title="Bharata">Bharata</a> i l'altra una parella de bessons. Des de la infància, els petits són educats per a combatre i ser savis. Mentrestant un rei veí ha trobat una nena, Sita, a qui adopta. Afirma que només es casarà amb ella qui pugui tensar l'arc que ha heretat dels déus. Rama ho aconsegueix i es casa amb Sita.<sup id="cite_ref-Edits_2023_p._7_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edits_2023_p._7-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Igualment els seus germans prenen esposes del nou regne. </p><p>Passen els anys i arriba el moment de coronar Rama, el preferit del rei i de l'assemblea. Però la mare de Bharata recorda una promesa que li deu el seu marit i reclama que Rama sigui exiliat durant catorze anys, període durant el qual regnarà el seu fill. El vell rei no vol accedir però no pot faltar a la paraula donada i el mateix Rama accepta el seu destí i parteix de casa amb la seva esposa i el seu germà <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshman</a>. </p><p>El trio es refugia en un bosc. Allà Rama predica les virtuts que ha de seguir tota persona. Mentre estan al bosc Ravana apareix per atacar els seus habitants. Fa que aparegui un bell cérvol i quan Sita el segueix, la segresta. En veure la seva bellesa, li proposa que es casi amb ell i serà una dona poderosa però Sita el rebutja i és empresonada. Rama i Lakshman comencen la seva cerca, sense saber on està la llar de Ravana. Pel camí arriben al país de Hanuman, l'heroi <a href="/wiki/Mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Mico">mico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saran_2014_p._36_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saran_2014_p._36-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A canvi de certes missions, accedeix a enviar patrulles fins a trobar Sita, i així descobreixen que es troba a Lanka. </p><p>Hanuman s'ofereix per al seu rescat, ja que pot augmentar de mida i així córrer més ràpid. Ataca Lanka i incita, sense èxit, Ravana a alliberar Sita. Rama i Lakshman viatgen enmig de diverses aventures fins a arribar a Lanka. Allà Lakshman és ferit greument pels dimonis i Rama queda sol. Repta Ravana a un llarg i dur combat singular on acaba vencent.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakradhar_Deepthi_2020_p._67_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakradhar_Deepthi_2020_p._67-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita corre a reunir-se amb el seu marit, però ell no vol acollir-la perquè dubta de la seva fidelitat. Llavors Sita demana ajuda als déus i es llança al foc, d'on és miraculosament rescatada. Aleshores Rama es convenç que és innocent i l'abraça. </p><p>Tots dos esperen que passi el temps de l'exili i tornen a casa per reclamar el tron. El poble no està convençut de la puresa de Sita malgrat el test del foc i els rumors fan que el regnat de Rama no sigui feliç. Finalment ella no pot suportar la pressió i demana que la terra se l'empassi. Tothom s'adona aleshores del caràcter diví i de la veritat i ja no dubten de la parella. Rama, però, ja és vell i decideix abandonar el món terrenal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anàlisi"><span id="An.C3.A0lisi"></span>Anàlisi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Anàlisi"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els ensenyaments religiosos es transmeten a través de les aventures dels herois. La vida no té sentit malgrat l'<a href="/wiki/Hedonisme" title="Hedonisme">hedonisme</a> imperant. Rama posseeix les 16 virtuts de l'hinduisme, fet que li permet superar els dilemes morals i els perills de la seva vida. Encarna l'avatar del déu <a href="/wiki/Vixnu" title="Vixnu">Vixnu</a>. En la versió de Valmiki, ell mateix s'inclou com a personatge que transcriu la història de Rama, ja que l'ha sentida quan ha preguntat si existia un home plenament virtuós. </p><p>Diferents versions del <i>Ramayana</i> donen més paper a altres personatges, com la versió indonèsia, ja que Rama es declara sempre «només un home» i no una divinitat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptacions_al_cinema">Adaptacions al cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Adaptacions al cinema"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S'ha adaptat al <a href="/wiki/Cinema" title="Cinema">cinema</a> diverses vegades i en altres mitjans:<sup id="cite_ref-adapt_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adapt-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>La <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8rie_televisiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Sèrie televisiva">sèrie televisiva</a> <i>Siya Ke Ram</i></li> <li>La pel·lícula <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravaan (encara no existeix)">Ravaan</a></i>, del 2010, dirigida per <a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a>: adaptada a una història d'un gàngster, Ravana, que segresta a Sita.</li> <li>La pel·lícula d'<a href="/wiki/Animaci%C3%B3" title="Animació">animació</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sita_Sings_the_Blues" title="Sita Sings the Blues">Sita Sings the Blues</a></i>, escrita, animada i dirigida per <a href="/wiki/Nina_Paley" title="Nina Paley">Nina Paley</a>, on la història es narra de manera paral·lela a un punt de vista contemporani. Fou controvertida a l'Índia.</li> <li>La pel·lícula musical <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opera_Jawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opera Jawa (encara no existeix)">Opera Jawa</a></i>, del 2007, situa la història en un ambient contemporani.</li> <li>La sèrie de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2mics" class="mw-redirect" title="Còmics">còmics</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravanayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravanayan (encara no existeix)">Ravanayan</a></i>.</li> <li>La novel·la gràfica <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simian (encara no existeix)">Simian</a></i>, de Vikram Balagopal, on s'adapta el <i>Ramayana</i> junt al <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dicCor1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dicCor1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRodríguez_Santidrián1994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rodríguez Santidrián</span>, Pedro. «Ramayana». A: <i>Diccionario de las religiones</i>.  Madrid: Alianza, 1994, p. 360. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7838-400-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7838-400-6">ISBN 84-7838-400-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+las+religiones&rft.atitle=Ramayana&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Santidri%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft.date=1994&rft.pub=Alianza&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=360&rft.isbn=84-7838-400-6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200412065621/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramayana-Indian-epic">Ramayana | Summary, Characters, & Facts</a>» (en anglès). <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramayana-Indian-epic">original</a> el 12 abril 2020. [Consulta: 18 febrer 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_3-2">3,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldman1984">Goldman, 1984</a>, p. 20–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumbai_mirror-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mumbai_mirror_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPattanaik2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pattanaik</span>, Devdutt. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814150318/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms">Was Ram born in Ayodhya</a>». <i>mumbaimirror</i>, 08-08-2020. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms">original</a> el 14 agost 2020. [Consulta: 8 agost 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brockington1998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJ._L._Brockington1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">J. L. Brockington</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C&pg=PA379"><i>The Sanskrit Epics</i></a>.  BRILL, 1998, p. 379–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/90-04-10260-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/90-04-10260-4">ISBN 90-04-10260-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanskrit+Epics&rft.aulast=J.+L.+Brockington&rft.date=1998&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.pages=379%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=90-04-10260-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHR-_LK5kl18C%26pg%3DPA379"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valmikiramayan.net-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-valmikiramayan.net_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913082833/https://www.valmikiramayan.net/">Valmiki Ramayana</a>». <i>valmikiramayan.net</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valmikiramayan.net/">original</a> el 13 setembre 2020. [Consulta: 19 maig 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-google_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Mukherjee, P.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA74"><i>The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa</i></a>.  Asian Educational Services, 1981, p. 74. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788120602298" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788120602298">ISBN 9788120602298</a></span> [Consulta: 6 gener 2017].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Medieval+Vaishnavism+in+Orissa&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+P.&rft.date=1981&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.pages=74&rft.isbn=9788120602298&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7LFzfbhmJcMC%26pg%3DPA74"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-google2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=BMyxwk5g3NEC&pg=PT7"><i>Living Thoughts of the Ramayana</i></a>.  Jaico Publishing House, 2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788179920022" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788179920022">ISBN 9788179920022</a></span> [Consulta: 6 gener 2017].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Thoughts+of+the+Ramayana&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Jaico+Publishing+House&rft.isbn=9788179920022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBMyxwk5g3NEC%26pg%3DPT7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-google3_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Krishnamoorthy, K.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Sahitya Akademi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=NgeTtWkD0VkC&pg=PR27"><i>A Critical Inventory of Rāmāyaṇa Studies in the World: Foreign languages</i></a>.  Sahitya Akademi in collaboration with Union Academique Internationale, Bruxelles, 1991. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788172015077" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788172015077">ISBN 9788172015077</a></span> [Consulta: 6 gener 2017].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Inventory+of+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+Studies+in+the+World%3A+Foreign+languages&rft.date=1991&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi+in+collaboration+with+Union+Academique+Internationale%2C+Bruxelles&rft.isbn=9788172015077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNgeTtWkD0VkC%26pg%3DPR27"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-google4_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Bulcke, C.; Prasāda, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=cvE4wF-cfX0C&pg=PA116"><i>Rāmakathā and Other Essays</i></a>.  Vani Prakashan, 2010, p. 116. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9789350001073" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9789350001073">ISBN 9789350001073</a></span> [Consulta: 6 gener 2017].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C4%81makath%C4%81+and+Other+Essays&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Vani+Prakashan&rft.pages=116&rft.isbn=9789350001073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcvE4wF-cfX0C%26pg%3DPA116"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmwrama-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mmwrama_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier Monier Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/218.html#raama">राम</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508003129/https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/218.html#raama">Arxivat</a> 8 May 2021 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmwratri-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mmwratri_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier Monier Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/218.html#raatri">रात्रि</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508003129/https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/218.html#raatri">Arxivat</a> 8 May 2021 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmwayana-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mmwayana_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier Monier Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/17.html#ayana">अयन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619102148/https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/17.html#ayana">Arxivat</a> 19 June 2021 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDebroy2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Debroy</span>, Bibek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=orU8DwAAQBAJ"><i>The Valmiki Ramayana Volume 1</i></a>.  Penguin Random House India, 25 octubre 2017, p. xiv. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9789387326262" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9789387326262">ISBN 9789387326262</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Valmiki+Ramayana+Volume+1&rft.aulast=Debroy&rft.aufirst=Bibek&rft.date=25+octubre+2017&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India&rft.pages=xiv&rft.isbn=9789387326262&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DorU8DwAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valmikiramayan.net2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-valmikiramayan.net2_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913082833/https://www.valmikiramayan.net/">Valmiki Ramayana</a>». <i>valmikiramayan.net</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valmikiramayan.net/">original</a> el 13 setembre 2020. [Consulta: 19 maig 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arshia Sattar (2016) the most important fact is "Uttarkanda" is not written by Rishi Valmiki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/820198/why-the-uttara-kanda-changes-the-way-the-ramayana-should-be-read"><i>Why the Uttara Kanda changes the way the Ramayana should be read</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416204833/https://scroll.in/article/820198/why-the-uttara-kanda-changes-the-way-the-ramayana-should-be-read">Arxivat</a> 16 April 2021 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Scroll.in</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valmiki_Ramayana_s820-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Valmiki_Ramayana_s820_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valmikiramayan.net/bala/sarga67/bala_67_prose.htm">Bala Kanda</a>». <i>Valmiki Ramayana</i>. [Consulta: 4 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowson_1879_p._262-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dowson_1879_p._262_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDowson1879"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dowson</span>, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=UyAHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA262"><i>A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history and literature</i></a>, 1879, p. 262 [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+classical+dictionary+of+Hindu+mythology+and+religion%2C+geography%2C+history+and+literature&rft.aulast=Dowson&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1879&rft.pages=262&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUyAHAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA262"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Books_2021_p._1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Books_2021_p._1_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBooks2021"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Books</span>, K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=qRBYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1"><i>Valmiki Ramayana: Aranya Kanda: English translation only without Slokas</i></a>.  Kausiki Books, 2021, p. 1 [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valmiki+Ramayana%3A+Aranya+Kanda%3A+English+translation+only+without+Slokas&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=Kausiki+Books&rft.pages=1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRBYEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowson_1879_p._262-2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dowson_1879_p._262-2_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDowson1879"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dowson</span>, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=UyAHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA262"><i>A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history and literature</i></a>, 1879, p. 262 [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+classical+dictionary+of+Hindu+mythology+and+religion%2C+geography%2C+history+and+literature&rft.aulast=Dowson&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1879&rft.pages=262&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUyAHAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA262"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sattar_2017_p.-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sattar_2017_p._21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSattar2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sattar</span>, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=sLcuDwAAQBAJ"><i>Valmiki's Uttara Kanda: The Book of Answers</i></a>.  Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2017. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-5381-0421-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-5381-0421-7">ISBN 978-1-5381-0421-7</a></span> [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valmiki%27s+Uttara+Kanda%3A+The+Book+of+Answers&rft.aulast=Sattar&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=2017&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-0421-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsLcuDwAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Political Violence in Ancient India, p. 502, Upinder Singh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumbai_mirror2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mumbai_mirror2_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPattanaik2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pattanaik</span>, Devdutt. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814150318/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms">Was Ram born in Ayodhya</a>». <i>mumbaimirror</i>, 08-08-2020. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms">original</a> el 14 agost 2020. [Consulta: 8 agost 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brockington19982-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brockington19982_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJ._L._Brockington1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">J. L. Brockington</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C&pg=PA379"><i>The Sanskrit Epics</i></a>.  BRILL, 1998, p. 379–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/90-04-10260-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/90-04-10260-4">ISBN 90-04-10260-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanskrit+Epics&rft.aulast=J.+L.+Brockington&rft.date=1998&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.pages=379%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=90-04-10260-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHR-_LK5kl18C%26pg%3DPA379"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ajay K. Rao, <i>Re-figuring the Ramayana as Theology: A History of Reception in Premodern India</i> (London: Routledge, 2014), 2. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9781134077359" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9781134077359">ISBN 9781134077359</a>; and Robert P. Goldman, <i>The Ramayana Of Valmiki, Vol. 1: Balakanda, An Epic Of Ancient India</i> (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2007), 14-18. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788120831629" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788120831629">ISBN 9788120831629</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gupta_2021_p._47-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gupta_2021_p._47_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGupta2021"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gupta</span>, V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=hls5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47"><i>Raghava : The optimal of Ishvanku</i></a>.  Blue Rose Publishers, 2021, p. 47 [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raghava+%3A+The+optimal+of+Ishvanku&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=Blue+Rose+Publishers&rft.pages=47&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhls5EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edits_2023_p._7-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Edits_2023_p._7_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEdits2023"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Edits</span>, T.D.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=mei-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT7"><i>[in English</i></a><i> Ramayana - Rama and Sita Story</i>] (en malai).  by Mocktime Publication, 2023, p. 7 [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5Bin+English%5D+Ramayana+-+Rama+and+Sita+Story&rft.aulast=Edits&rft.aufirst=T.D.&rft.date=2023&rft.pub=by+Mocktime+Publication&rft.pages=7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmei-EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saran_2014_p._36-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Saran_2014_p._36_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSaran2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Saran</span>, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=YbfrBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT36"><i>Lord Rama: Gods & Goddesses in India</i></a>.  Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd, 2014, p. 36. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/979-8--12881912-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/979-8--12881912-3">ISBN 979-8--12881912-3</a></span> [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Rama%3A+Gods+%26+Goddesses+in+India&rft.aulast=Saran&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.date=2014&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books+Pvt+Ltd&rft.pages=36&rft.isbn=979-8--12881912-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYbfrBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT36"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chakradhar_Deepthi_2020_p._67-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chakradhar_Deepthi_2020_p._67_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFChakradharDeepthi2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Chakradhar</span>, R.S.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Deepthi</span>, A.S.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=8tlzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67"><i>Thavaasmi (Vol - 2): Life and Skills through the lens of Ramayana</i></a>.  R Srirama Chakradhar, 2020, p. 67 [Consulta: 20 juny 2023].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thavaasmi+%28Vol+-+2%29%3A+Life+and+Skills+through+the+lens+of+Ramayana&rft.aulast=Chakradhar&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rft.date=2020&rft.pub=R+Srirama+Chakradhar&rft.pages=67&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8tlzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA67"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adapt-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-adapt_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFManeck2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Maneck</span>, Ankita. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/on-dusshera-here-are-the-many-faces-of-ravana-in-films-and-comic-books-3044944.html">On Dusshera, here are the many faces of Ravana in films and comic books</a>». <i>Firstpost</i>, 11-10-2016. [Consulta: 28 octubre 2016].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Escriptures_clàssiques_de_l&#039;àmbit_hindú" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Texts_indis" title="Plantilla:Texts indis"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:#FFE4E1;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yajurveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yajurveda (encara no existeix)">Yajurveda</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaveda (encara no existeix)">Samaveda</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atharvaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atharvaveda (encara no existeix)">Atharvaveda</a></i><br />divisions: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samhitapatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samhitapatha (encara no existeix)">Samhita</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aranyaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aranyaka (encara no existeix)">Aranyaka</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Upanixad" title="Upanixad">Upanixad</a></i> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:#FFEEFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xikxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xikxa (encara no existeix)">Xikxa</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chandas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chandas (encara no existeix)">Chandas</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Vyakarana" title="Vyakarana">Vyakarana</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirukta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirukta (encara no existeix)">Nirukta</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpa_(Vedanga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalpa (Vedanga) (encara no existeix)">Kalpa</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyotixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyotixa (encara no existeix)">Jyotixa</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Upanixad" title="Upanixad">Upanixad</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:#FFE4E1;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap">rigvèdics: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aitareya_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aitareya Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Aitareya</a></i><br />yajurvèdics: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihadaranyaka_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Brihadaranyaka</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isha_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isha Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Isha</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taittiriya_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taittiriya Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Taittiriya</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katha_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katha Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Katha</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shvetashvatara_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shvetashvatara Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Shvetashvatara</a></i><br />samavèdics: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chandogya_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chandogya Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Chandogya</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kena_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kena Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Kena</a></i><br />atharvavèdics: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundaka_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundaka Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Mundaka</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukya_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandukya Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Mandukya</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prashna_Upanixad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prashna Upanixad (encara no existeix)">Prashna</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Purana_(hinduisme)" title="Purana (hinduisme)">Purana</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:#FFEEFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Puranes de Brama: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahma_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahma Purana (encara no existeix)">Brahma</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmanda_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmanda Purana (encara no existeix)">Brahmanda</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana (encara no existeix)">Brahmavaivarta</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Markandeya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markandeya Purana (encara no existeix)">Markandeya</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhavishya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhavishya Purana (encara no existeix)">Bhavishya</a></i><br />Puranes Vixnu: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C5%9Bnu_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viśnu Purana (encara no existeix)">Viśnu</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhagavata_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhagavata Purana (encara no existeix)">Bhagavata</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naradeya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naradeya Purana (encara no existeix)">Naradeya</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garuda_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garuda Purana (encara no existeix)">Garuda</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padma_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padma Purana (encara no existeix)">Padma</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agni_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agni Purana (encara no existeix)">Agni</a></i><br />Puranes Xiva: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Aiva_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śiva Purana (encara no existeix)">Śiva</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linga_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linga Purana (encara no existeix)">Linga</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skanda Purana (encara no existeix)">Skanda</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vayu_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vayu Purana (encara no existeix)">Vayu</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">Itihasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:#FFE4E1;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramayana</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Literatura_%C3%ADndia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literatura índia">altres</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:#FFEEFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Upaveda" title="Upaveda">Upaveda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artha-xastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artha-xastra (encara no existeix)">Artha-xastra</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama (encara no existeix)">Agama</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/wiki/Tantras" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras">Tantra</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i><a 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