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</div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nomenclatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annichilazione_particella-antiparticella" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annichilazione_particella-antiparticella"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Annichilazione particella-antiparticella</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annichilazione_particella-antiparticella-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antiparticella</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 72 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antideeltjie" title="Antideeltjie - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antideeltjie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiteilchen" title="Antiteilchen - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Antiteilchen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="جسيم مضاد - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسيم مضاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A9" title="ضدفرتيتة - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ضدفرتيتة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antipartícula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiz%C9%99rr%C9%99cik" title="Antizərrəcik - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antizərrəcik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Антычасціца - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антычасціца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Античастица - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Античастица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রতিকণা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতিকণা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antipartícula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C4%81ng_l%C4%ADk-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Huāng lĭk-cṳ̄ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huāng lĭk-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8D%C3%A1stice" title="Antičástice - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antičástice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartikel" title="Antipartikel - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antipartikel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiteilchen" title="Antiteilchen - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antiteilchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αντισωματίδιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντισωματίδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antiparticle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartiklo" title="Antipartiklo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antipartiklo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antipartícula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiosake" title="Antiosake - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antiosake" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartikula" title="Antipartikula - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antipartikula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%87" title="پادذره - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادذره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticule" title="Antiparticule - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antiparticule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frithch%C3%A1ithn%C3%ADn" title="Frithcháithnín - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frithcháithnín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antipartícula" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7" title="אנטי-חלקיק - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטי-חלקיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रति-कण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रति-कण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipatikil" title="Antipatikil - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Antipatikil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antir%C3%A9szecske" title="Antirészecske - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antirészecske" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հակամասնիկներ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հակամասնիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartikel" title="Antipartikel - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antipartikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andeind" title="Andeind - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Andeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反粒子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ანტინაწილაკი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტინაწილაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антибөлшектер - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антибөлшектер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="반입자 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반입자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%87%D3%A9" title="Антибөлүкчө - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антибөлүкчө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartis%C3%A8la" title="Antipartisèla - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Antipartisèla" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antida%C4%BCi%C5%86a" title="Antidaļiņa - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antidaļiņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Античестичка - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Античестичка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രതികണം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രതികണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antizarah" title="Antizarah - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antizarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်အမှုန် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်အမှုန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antideeltje" title="Antideeltje - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antideeltje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartikkel" title="Antipartikkel - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antipartikkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartikkel" title="Antipartikkel - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antipartikkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticula" title="Antiparticula - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antiparticula" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farra_suudoo" title="Farra suudoo - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Farra suudoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A3" title="ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਕਣ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਕਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartissela" title="Antipartissela - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Antipartissela" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ضد ذرہ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضد ذرہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antipartícula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticul%C4%83" title="Antiparticulă - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antiparticulă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Античастицы - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Античастицы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Destica" title="Antičestica - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antičestica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antiparticle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dastica" title="Antičastica - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antičastica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidelec" title="Antidelec - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antidelec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Античестица - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Античестица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipartikel" title="Antipartikel - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Antipartikel" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="எதிர்த்துகள் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எதிர்த்துகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Подзарраҳо - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Подзарраҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="ปฏิยานุภาค - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิยานุภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipar%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k" title="Antiparçacık - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antiparçacık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Антикисәкчек - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Антикисәкчек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Античастинка - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Античастинка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ضد ذرہ - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ضد ذرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antizarralar" title="Antizarralar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antizarralar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Phản hạt - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản hạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="反粒子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反粒子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A1n-lia%CC%8Dp-ch%C3%BA" title="Hoán-lia̍p-chú - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoán-lia̍p-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反粒子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182717#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antiparticella" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Antiparticella" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antiparticella"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Antiparticella" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Antiparticella" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&oldid=143149359" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Antiparticella&id=143149359&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntiparticella"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntiparticella"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Antiparticella"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li 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title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Un'<b>antiparticella</b> è una <a href="/wiki/Particella_(fisica)" title="Particella (fisica)">particella</a> che corrisponde per <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a> a una delle normali particelle<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ma è caratterizzata da alcuni <a href="/wiki/Numero_quantico" title="Numero quantico">numeri quantici</a> opposti, come la <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a> o il <a href="/wiki/Numero_barionico" title="Numero barionico">numero barionico</a>. Ad esempio il <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positrone</a>, antiparticella dell'<a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a>, ha la sua stessa massa, ma carica elettrica opposta. Esiste un'antiparticella per ognuna delle particelle conosciute; l'insieme delle antiparticelle compone l'<a href="/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria">antimateria</a>. Alcune particelle, come il <a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">fotone</a>, hanno carica elettrica e altri numeri quantici tutti nulli: in questo caso particella e antiparticella coincidono. </p><p>Le antiparticelle possono essere prodotte in decadimenti radioattivi o tramite interazioni tra particelle, come ad esempio nelle <a href="/wiki/Reazione_nucleare" title="Reazione nucleare">reazioni nucleari</a>, nell'interazione dei <a href="/wiki/Raggi_cosmici" title="Raggi cosmici">raggi cosmici</a> con i componenti delle molecole presenti in atmosfera o in interazioni prodotte da <a href="/wiki/Acceleratori_di_particelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Acceleratori di particelle">acceleratori di particelle</a>. Esse interagiscono molto velocemente con le particelle con un fenomeno chiamato <a href="/wiki/Annichilazione" title="Annichilazione">annichilazione</a>, nel quale la massa della particella e dell'antiparticella si trasforma in <a href="/wiki/Energia_elettromagnetica" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia elettromagnetica">energia elettromagnetica</a>. Per questo motivo, quando create in laboratorio, le antiparticelle, anche se stabili, restano osservabili solo per tempi molto brevi prima di annichilarsi con le particelle del mezzo in cui sono prodotte. Esiste anche la possibilità che particelle e antiparticelle formino per tempi brevissimi stati legati chiamati <a href="/wiki/Onio_(fisica)" title="Onio (fisica)">onii</a>, come particelle (i <a href="/wiki/Mesoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoni">mesoni</a>) o <a href="/wiki/Atomo_esotico" title="Atomo esotico">atomi esotici</a> (ad esempio il <a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">positronio</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1928 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> realizza una trattazione della <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica">meccanica quantistica</a> che, estendendo l'<a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Equazione di Schrödinger">equazione di Schrödinger</a>, tiene conto della <a href="/wiki/Relativit%C3%A0_ristretta" title="Relatività ristretta">teoria della relatività ristretta</a>. La nuova equazione che ne deriva, che prenderà il nome di <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_Dirac" title="Equazione di Dirac">equazione di Dirac</a>, prevede come soluzioni anche elettroni a energia negativa. Nell'intento di attribuire a questi <a href="/wiki/Stato_quantico" title="Stato quantico">stati</a> un significato fisico, Dirac elabora un modello che interpreta il vuoto (stato di minima energia) come completamente occupato da un "mare" di elettroni con energia negativa (<a href="/wiki/Mare_di_Dirac" title="Mare di Dirac">mare di Dirac</a>); questi elettroni possono talvolta subire <a href="/wiki/Salto_quantico" title="Salto quantico">salti quantici</a> lasciando nel mare a energia negativa "buche" o "lacune" che rappresentano un nuovo tipo di <a href="/wiki/Particella_virtuale" title="Particella virtuale">particella virtuale</a>. Dopo varie ipotesi, nel 1931 Dirac conclude che le nuove particelle previste dal suo modello hanno le stesse caratteristiche degli elettroni, ma carica elettrica opposta (ossia positiva) e per questo chiamate <a href="/wiki/Positroni" class="mw-redirect" title="Positroni">positroni</a>. Nel 1932 <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a> individua tra i sottoprodotti delle collisioni dei raggi cosmici i positroni previsti da Dirac, che si dimostrano particelle reali. </p><p>Il modello di Dirac, affetto da alcune incongruenze, viene poi superato dalla trattazione dell'antimateria nell'ambito della <a href="/wiki/Teoria_quantistica_dei_campi" title="Teoria quantistica dei campi">teoria quantistica dei campi</a>. Nel 1955 a <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(California)" title="Berkeley (California)">Berkeley</a> <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> e <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> scoprono l'<a href="/wiki/Antiprotone" title="Antiprotone">antiprotone</a> e per la scoperta vincono il <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Premio Nobel per la fisica">Premio Nobel per la fisica</a> nel 1959. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclatura">Nomenclatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Nomenclatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nomenclatura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il simbolo usato per indicare un'antiparticella, di solito, è lo stesso usato per la particella corrispondente, ma con una barra di sovrascrittura. Ad esempio, il protone è indicato con una "p", e l'antiprotone è indicato da <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {\mbox{p}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>p</mtext> </mstyle> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {\mbox{p}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1c26bd5bacb65347e2f379f69a3de05093320f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.293ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {\mbox{p}}}}" /></span> (una "p" con una barra posta in cima). In alternativa, quando una particella è indicata con la sua carica, l'antiparticella viene indicata con la carica opposta (es.: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5dd8c35770d8b4716837ff8c7c7339238af5117" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.594ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{+}}" /></span> ed <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a972f527de5406fb3c965ac407c64b9aa3957ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.594ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{-}}" /></span> rappresentano rispettivamente positrone ed elettrone). Nel primo caso il simbolo è usato in analogia a quello del <a href="/wiki/Complesso_coniugato" title="Complesso coniugato">complesso coniugato</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Numero_complesso" title="Numero complesso">numero complesso</a>, dato che l'inversione di carica di una particella, che la trasforma nella sua antiparticella, è legata alla coniugazione della sua <a href="/wiki/Funzione_d%27onda" title="Funzione d'onda">funzione d'onda</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>nome particella</th> <th>simbolo particella</th> <th>simbolo antiparticella </th> <th>nome antiparticella </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{-}{\frac {}{}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{-}{\frac {}{}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3dd15a67ef1bed0609831efc5760d7bf6ef2c721" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.43ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{-}{\frac {}{}}}" /></span></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{+}{\frac {}{}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{+}{\frac {}{}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc9803e638afa33f47f727534f0533dbfecdf8cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.43ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{+}{\frac {}{}}}" /></span> </td> <td>antielettrone (<a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positrone</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Muone">muone</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu {\frac {}{}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu {\frac {}{}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3dce7ede44a55eb9f5830d53ec9d0a8b25a72654" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:2.238ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu {\frac {}{}}}" /></span></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu ^{+}{\frac {}{}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu ^{+}{\frac {}{}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e73de007542795b0667db6488438bbe80461eb83" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.749ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu ^{+}{\frac {}{}}}" /></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimuone" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuone">antimuone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">quark</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q{\frac {}{}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q{\frac {}{}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/efcedc311b65edb84f190d1d37edd0f7fd5aa7d2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.906ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q{\frac {}{}}}" /></span></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {q}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {q}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df40aaaa5f6213d6e896be45f87eabeb7bfd4806" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.377ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {q}}}" /></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antiquark" title="Antiquark">antiquark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico">neutrino muonico</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }{\frac {}{}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }{\frac {}{}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a3455dc81992ac65816af8e1dbf91cb9d79cbcec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.208ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }{\frac {}{}}}" /></span></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2ecbac4b0c318a4a48e860cb22820e6241236e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.54ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }}" /></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_muonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino muonico">antineutrino muonico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protone</a> </td> <td><i><b>p+</b></i> </td> <td><i><b>p-</b></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antiprotone" title="Antiprotone">antiprotone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">neutrone</a> </td> <td><i><b>n</b></i> </td> <td><i><b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1435e777d640d5b9d55a041d6d40ec284e6d4e0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {n}}}" /></span></b></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antineutrone" title="Antineutrone">antineutrone</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annichilazione_particella-antiparticella">Annichilazione particella-antiparticella</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Annichilazione particella-antiparticella" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Annichilazione particella-antiparticella"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Annichilazione" title="Annichilazione">Annichilazione</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Kkbar_had.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagramma di Feynman di una oscillazione di un kaone. Una linea retta rossa si trasforma in una viola, mostrando un kaone che si trasforma in antikaone. In un medagiole è presentato lo zoom della regione dove la linea cambia colore. Il medagione mostra che la linea non è retta, ma piuttosto che nel punto in cui il kaone si trasforma in antikaone la linea rossa si spezza in due linee curve corrispondenti nell'annichilazione di due pioni virtuali." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kkbar_had.svg/183px-Kkbar_had.svg.png" decoding="async" width="183" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kkbar_had.svg/275px-Kkbar_had.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kkbar_had.svg/366px-Kkbar_had.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="98" /></a><figcaption>Un esempio di una coppia di <a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">pioni</a> virtuali che influenza la propagazione di un kaone, causando la <i>miscela</i> del kaone neutro con l'antikaone. Questo è un esempio di applicazione di teoria dei campi, necessaria perché i numeri quantici delle particelle cambiano durante la transizione.</figcaption></figure> <p>Se la particella e l'antiparticella sono nello stato quantico appropriato, allora queste possono annichilarsi l'un l'altra e produrre altre particelle. Reazioni come l'annichilazione in due fotoni di una coppia elettrone-positrone: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow \gamma +\gamma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>γ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow \gamma +\gamma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ab08ffb1307e191d23671a590611d1dae788147" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.008ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow \gamma +\gamma }" /></span> </p><p>sono un esempio di questo fenomeno. L'annichilazione in un singolo fotone di una coppia elettrone-positrone non è possibile nello spazio libero perché è impossibile conservare energia e momento insieme in questo processo. La reazione inversa (nello spazio libero, senza nucleo atomico) è anche impossibile per la stessa ragione. Tuttavia in un campo di Coulomb di un nucleo l'invarianza traslazionale è rotta e può occorrere una annichilazione in un singolo fotone.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Nella <a href="/wiki/Teoria_quantistica_dei_campi" title="Teoria quantistica dei campi">teoria dei campi</a> questo processo è consentito solo come <a href="/wiki/Stato_quantico" title="Stato quantico">stato quantico</a> intermedio per tempi abbastanza piccoli perché la violazione della conservazione rientri nel <a href="/wiki/Principio_di_indeterminazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Principio di indeterminazione">principio di indeterminazione</a>. Questo apre la via per la produzione e l'annichilazione di coppie di particelle virtuali in cui uno stato quantico a una particella può <i>fluttuare</i> in due particelle e ritornare quindi allo stato originario. Questi processi sono importanti nello stato di vuoto e nella <a href="/wiki/Rinormalizzazione" title="Rinormalizzazione">rinormalizzazione</a> di una teoria di campo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00401.html">IUPAC Gold Book, "antiparticle"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> L. Sodickson, W. Bowman, J. Stephenson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1961-12-15_124_6/page/n211"><span style="font-style:italic;">Single-Quantum Annihilation of Positrons</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></span>, vol. 124, n. 6, 1961, pp. 1851–1861, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961PhRv..124.1851S">1961PhRv..124.1851S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.124.1851">10.1103/PhysRev.124.1851</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, R.P.</a> "The reason for antiparticles", in <i>The 1986 Dirac memorial lectures</i>, R.P. Feynman and S. Weinberg. Cambridge University Press, 1987. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0521340004" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-34000-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg, Steven</a>. <i>The quantum theory of fields, Volume 1: Foundations</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1995. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0521550017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-55001-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, R.P.</a>, <i>QED: La strana teoria della luce e della materia</i>, Adelphi, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8845907198" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-459-0719-8</a></li> <li>Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Jacques Dupont-Roc, Gilbert Grynberg, <i>Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics</i> (<a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a> 1997) <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0471184330" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-18433-0</a></li> <li>Jauch, J. M., F. Rohrlich, F., <i>The Theory of Photons and Electrons</i> (Springer-Verlag, 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, R.P.</a> <i>Quantum Electrodynamics</i> (Perseus Publishing, 1998) <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0201360756" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-201-36075-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria">Antimateria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modello_standard" title="Modello standard">Modello standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattering" title="Scattering">Scattering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagramma_di_Feynman" title="Diagramma di Feynman">Diagramma di Feynman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propagatore" title="Propagatore">Propagatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotoni">Fotoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">Bosone (fisica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosoni_vettore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosoni vettore">Bosoni vettore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosoni_vettori_assiali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosoni vettori assiali">Bosoni vettori assiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica_quantistica" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica">Elettrodinamica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_delle_particelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista delle particelle">Lista delle particelle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiparticella&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; 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Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Collegamenti_interrotti" title="Aiuto:Collegamenti interrotti">collegamento interrotto</a></i>]</sup> (Università di Firenze)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Casalbuoni" title="Roberto Casalbuoni">Roberto Casalbuoni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119171927/http://theory.fi.infn.it/casalbuoni/elettrodinamica.pdf">Elettrodinamica Quantistica</a> (Università di Firenze)</li> <li>Roberto Casalbuoni <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319044521/http://theory.fi.infn.it/casalbuoni/filosofia.pdf">Teoria dei campi: Storia e Introduzione</a> (Università di Firenze, 2001)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Antimateria"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antimateria" title="Template:Antimateria"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Antimateria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Antimateria (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Antimateria&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria">Antimateria</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antiparticelle</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Antineutrone" title="Antineutrone">Antineutrone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antiprotone" title="Antiprotone">Antiprotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">Positrone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Atomi di antimateria</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-elio" title="Anti-elio">Anti-elio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anti-idrogeno" title="Anti-idrogeno">Anti-idrogeno</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Annichilazione" title="Annichilazione">Annichilazione</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Annichilazione_elettrone-positrone" title="Annichilazione elettrone-positrone">Annichilazione elettrone-positrone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Produzione di antimateria</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Acceleratore_di_particelle" title="Acceleratore di particelle">Acceleratore di particelle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Immagazzinamento di antimateria</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trappola_di_Penning" title="Trappola di Penning">Trappola di Penning</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Applicazioni</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tomografia_a_emissione_di_positroni" title="Tomografia a emissione di positroni">Tomografia a emissione di positroni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antimateria#Combustibile" title="Antimateria">Combustibile</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Gruppi di ricerca</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deceleratore_di_antiprotoni#ALPHA" title="Deceleratore di antiprotoni">ALPHA</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deceleratore_di_antiprotoni#ATHENA" title="Deceleratore di antiprotoni">ATHENA</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deceleratore_di_antiprotoni#ATRAP" title="Deceleratore di antiprotoni">ATRAP</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deceleratore_di_antiprotoni#ASACUSA" title="Deceleratore di antiprotoni">ASACUSA</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Persone</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Dmitrievi%C4%8D_Sacharov" title="Andrej Dmitrievič Sacharov">Andrej Sacharov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=19927">19927</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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