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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_in_the_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_in_the_Norwegian_black_metal_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins in the Norwegian black metal scene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_in_the_Norwegian_black_metal_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_National_Socialist_black_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_National_Socialist_black_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Development of National Socialist black metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_National_Socialist_black_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-Christianity_and_antisemitism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Christianity_and_antisemitism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Anti-Christianity and antisemitism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Christianity_and_antisemitism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_supremacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_supremacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>White supremacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_supremacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paganism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paganism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Paganism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paganism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Satanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connections_with_broader_white_nationalist_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connections_with_broader_white_nationalist_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Connections with broader white nationalist movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connections_with_broader_white_nationalist_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connections_to_black_metal_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connections_to_black_metal_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Connections to black metal scene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connections_to_black_metal_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denial_of_identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denial_of_identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Denial of identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denial_of_identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Socialist black metal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Нацыянал-сацыялістычны блэк-метал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянал-сацыялістычны блэк-метал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Националсоциалистически блек метъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Националсоциалистически блек метъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C3%A1ln%C4%9Bsocialistick%C3%BD_black_metal" title="Nacionálněsocialistický black metal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nacionálněsocialistický black metal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSBM" title="NSBM – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NSBM" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_Black_Metal" title="National Socialist Black Metal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Socialist Black Metal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natsionaalsotsialistlik_black_metal" title="Natsionaalsotsialistlik black metal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Natsionaalsotsialistlik black metal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Εθνικοσοσιαλιστικό Μπλακ Μέταλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνικοσοσιαλιστικό Μπλακ Μέταλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Metal_Nacional_Socialista" title="Black Metal Nacional Socialista – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Black Metal Nacional Socialista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_socialist_black_metal" title="National socialist black metal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National socialist black metal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metal_Sosialis_Nasional" title="Black metal Sosialis Nasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Black metal Sosialis Nasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_socialist_black_metal" title="National socialist black metal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National socialist black metal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C4%81lsoci%C4%81listiskais_melnais_met%C4%81ls" title="Nacionālsociālistiskais melnais metāls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nacionālsociālistiskais melnais metāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalsocialistinis_juodasis_metalas" title="Nacionalsocialistinis juodasis metalas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacionalsocialistinis juodasis metalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metal_Sosialis_Nasional" title="Black metal Sosialis Nasional – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Black metal Sosialis Nasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="National Socialist black metal" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaalsocialistische_black_metal" title="Nationaalsocialistische black metal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nationaalsocialistische black metal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB" title="ナショナル・ソーシャリスト・ブラックメタル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナショナル・ソーシャリスト・ブラックメタル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_socialist_black_metal" title="National socialist black metal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="National socialist black metal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSBM" title="NSBM – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NSBM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metal_nacional-socialista" title="Black metal nacional-socialista – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Black metal nacional-socialista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="National Socialist black metal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Национал-социалистический блэк-метал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национал-социалистический блэк-метал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansallissosialistinen_black_metal" title="Kansallissosialistinen black metal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansallissosialistinen black metal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalsocialistisk_black_metal" title="Nationalsocialistisk black metal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nationalsocialistisk black metal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasyonal_sosyalist_black_metal" title="Nasyonal sosyalist black metal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nasyonal sosyalist black metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Націонал-соціалістичний блек-метал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Націонал-соціалістичний блек-метал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E9%BB%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="國家社會主義黑金屬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國家社會主義黑金屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre of black metal promoting Nazism and Satanism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">National Socialist black metal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">hatecore</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1990s, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Socialist_black_metal_artists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Socialist black metal artists">List of NSBM artists</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-fascism" title="Category:Neo-fascism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.8em 0 1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eagle_with_fasces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fasces"><img alt="Fasces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/250px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="169" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/330px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_corporatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist corporatism">Fascist corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Autarky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-liberalism">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial supremacy">Racial supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-parliamentarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-parliamentarianism">Anti-parliamentarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Marxism" title="Criticism of Marxism">Anti-Marxism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Varieties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Neo-Nazism" title="Esoteric Neo-Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">Pan-European nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Syndicalism">National Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Japanese statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements, organizations, and parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Identity_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Identity Movement">American Identity Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CasaPound" title="CasaPound">CasaPound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_the_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" title="The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">World Church of the Creator/Creativity Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Movement" title="European Social Movement">European Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_For_the_Country_Party" title="Everything For the Country Party">Everything For the Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Italy)" title="New Force (Italy)">Forza Nuova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohti_Vapautta!" title="Kohti Vapautta!">Kohti Vapautta!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlebists_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_Communism" title="MAGA Communism">MAGA Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manson_Family" title="Manson Family">Manson Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_July_18" title="National Alliance July 18">National Alliance July 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Italy,_1997)" title="National Front (Italy, 1997)">National Front (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_1986)" title="National Front (Spain, 1986)">National Front (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp/Oboz Narodowo-Radykalny (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard (U.S.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(Italy)" title="National Vanguard (Italy)">National Vanguard (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Order" title="New European Order">New European Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#Foreign_branches" title="Atomwaffen Division">Northern Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noua_Dreapt%C4%83" title="Noua Dreaptă">Noua Dreaptă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">One-People Principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_(organization)" title="Posse Comitatus (organization)">Posse Comitatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Action" title="Serbian Action">Serbian Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Action" title="Social Action">Social Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#Sonnenkrieg_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartans_(Greek_political_party)" title="Spartans (Greek political party)">Spartans (Greek political party)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist Workers Party">Traditionalist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_A_(Spain)" title="Triple A (Spain)">Triple A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinheads" class="mw-redirect" title="White power skinheads">White power skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotansvolk" title="Wotansvolk">Wotansvolk</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Allgier" title="Curtis Allgier">Curtis Allgier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Almirante" title="Giorgio Almirante">Giorgio Almirante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Ewald_Althans" title="Bela Ewald Althans">Bela Ewald Althans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Armand_Amaudruz" title="Gaston-Armand Amaudruz">Gaston-Armand Amaudruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew Auernheimer / Weev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş">Alparslan Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Beattie" title="William John Beattie">William John Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">René Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bolton" title="Kerry Bolton">Kerry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Borrego" title="Salvador Borrego">Salvador Borrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burdi" title="George Burdi">George Burdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Burros" title="Dan Burros">Dan Burros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Casey_(white_supremacist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Casey (white supremacist)">Patrick Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Craig Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Collin" title="Frank Collin">Frank Collin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Covington" title="Harold Covington">Harold Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cvjetanovic" title="Peter Cvjetanovic">Peter Cvjetanovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Damigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Damigo">Nathan Damigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Françoise Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihal_Ats%C4%B1z" title="Nihal Atsız">Nihal Atsız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Erikson" title="Neil Erikson">Neil Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Bert Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Felton" title="Leo Felton">Leo Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Roy Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Franklin" title="Joseph Paul Franklin">Joseph Paul Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Gianfranco Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(white_supremacist)" title="Paul Fromm (white supremacist)">Paul Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Franco Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Mark Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Q._Gebert" title="Matthew Q. Gebert">Matthew Q. Gebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payton_Gendron" class="mw-redirect" title="Payton Gendron">Payton Gendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Anthime Gionet / Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gliebe" title="Erich Gliebe">Erich Gliebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Vejdeland" title="Fredrik Vejdeland">Fredrik Vejdeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">Joshua Ryne Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gy%C5%91rk%C3%B6s" title="István Győrkös">István Győrkös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale" title="Matthew F. Hale">Matthew F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Hitler" title="Heath Hitler">Heath Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Dimitrios Ioannidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kahl" title="Gordon Kahl">Gordon Kahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevie_Kehoe" title="Chevie Kehoe">Chevie Kehoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_King-Ansell" title="Colin King-Ansell">Colin King-Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Kodama" title="Yoshio Kodama">Yoshio Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koehl" title="Matthias Koehl">Matthias Koehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kreis" title="August Kreis">August Kreis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_K%C3%BCssel" title="Gottfried Küssel">Gottfried Küssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kuttner" title="Robert E. Kuttner">Robert E. Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lauck" title="Gary Lauck">Gary Lauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lewis_Lee" title="Daniel Lewis Lee">Daniel Lewis Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Adelheid_of_Lippe" title="Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe">Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_Lund" title="Klas Lund">Klas Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_McVeigh" title="Timothy McVeigh">Timothy McVeigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Madole" title="James H. Madole">James H. Madole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Mahieu" title="Jacques de Mahieu">Jacques de Mahieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Mahler" title="Horst Mahler">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manson" title="Charles Manson">Charles Manson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Martell" title="Clark Martell">Clark Martell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Mathews" title="Robert Jay Mathews">Robert Jay Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Davud Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Nichols" title="Terry Nichols">Terry Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Georgios Papadopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patler" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patler">John Patler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Michael Peinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Pi%C3%B1ar" title="Blas Piñar">Blas Piñar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._T._Ready" title="J. T. Ready">J. T. Ready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Riccio" title="Bill Riccio">Bill Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povl_Riis-Knudsen" title="Povl Riis-Knudsen">Povl Riis-Knudsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Robida" title="Jacob D. Robida">Jacob D. Robida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Roeder" title="Manfred Roeder">Manfred Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylann_Storm_Roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Dylann Storm Roof">Dylann Storm Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Rosenkranz" title="Horst Rosenkranz">Horst Rosenkranz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Fritz Rössler">Fritz Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Rost_van_Tonningen" title="Florentine Rost van Tonningen">Florentine Rost van Tonningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Rudolph" title="Eric Rudolph">Eric Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Sakurai" title="Makoto Sakurai">Makoto Sakurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Jim Saleam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Schipper" title="Gary Schipper">Gary Schipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schmidt_(Waffen-SS)" title="Hans Schmidt (Waffen-SS)">Hans Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Serrano" title="Miguel Serrano">Miguel Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Independence_Day_weekend_shootings#Perpetrator" title="1999 Independence Day weekend shootings">Benjamin Nathaniel Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spaggiari" title="Albert Spaggiari">Albert Spaggiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Suhayda" title="Rocky Suhayda">Rocky Suhayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenton_Harrison_Tarrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Brenton Harrison Tarrant">Brenton Harrison Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tejero" title="Antonio Tejero">Antonio Tejero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Eugène Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Keith_Thompson" title="H. Keith Thompson">H. Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tommasi" title="Joseph Tommasi">Joseph Tommasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tremaine" title="Terry Tremaine">Terry Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_van_Tongeren" title="Jack van Tongeren">Jack van Tongeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Veh" title="Russell Veh">Russell Veh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Weise" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Weise">Jeff Weise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_White_(neo-Nazi)" title="Bill White (neo-Nazi)">Bill White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worch" title="Christian Worch">Christian Worch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">1967 Greek coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate-LaBianca_murders" class="mw-redirect" title="Tate-LaBianca murders">Tate-LaBianca murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Fontana_bombing" title="Piazza Fontana bombing">Piazza Fontana bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golpe_Borghese" title="Golpe Borghese">Borghese coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro_massacre" title="Greensboro massacre">Greensboro massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt">1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism#United_States" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_sedition_trial" title="Fort Smith sedition trial">Fort Smith sedition trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Rendezvous_(1992)" title="Rocky Mountain Rendezvous (1992)">Rocky Mountain Rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Olympic_Park_bombing" title="Centennial Olympic Park bombing">Centennial Olympic Park bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum_shooting" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings" title="1999 London nail bombings">1999 London nail bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre" title="Columbine High School massacre">Columbine High School massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Moscow_market_bombing" title="2006 Moscow market bombing">2006 Moscow market bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting" title="Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting">Oak Creek Sikh temple shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trollh%C3%A4ttan_school_stabbing" title="Trollhättan school stabbing">Trollhättan school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting" title="Poway synagogue shooting">Poway synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzano_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzano Massacre">Suzano Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso Walmart shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum_mosque_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Bærum mosque shooting">Bærum mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30_storming_of_the_Michigan_State_Capitol" title="April 30 storming of the Michigan State Capitol">April 30 storming of the Michigan State Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo Tops shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk_school_shooting" title="Izhevsk school shooting">Izhevsk school shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bratislava_shooting" title="2022 Bratislava shooting">2022 Bratislava shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aracruz_school_shootings" title="Aracruz school shootings">Aracruz school shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs_nightclub_shooting" title="Colorado Springs nightclub shooting">Colorado Springs nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Allen,_Texas_mall_shooting" title="2023 Allen, Texas mall shooting">Allen mall shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_riots" title="2024 United Kingdom riots">2024 United Kingdom riots</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div 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1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Socialist_swastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/National_Socialist_swastika.svg/85px-National_Socialist_swastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/National_Socialist_swastika.svg/128px-National_Socialist_swastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/National_Socialist_swastika.svg/170px-National_Socialist_swastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span> (SS) <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Hitler's personality cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Nazism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Fascist_corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_morality" title="Nazi morality">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Ideologues</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <p><b>Pre-<i>Machtergreifung</i></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul> <p><b>Post-<i>Machtergreifung</i></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(contentious)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century">The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1899)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1903)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race" title="The Passing of the Great Race">The Passing of the Great Race</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1916)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Preussentum_und_Sozialismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Preussentum und Sozialismus">Preussentum und Sozialismus</a></i></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/25-point_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="25-point Program">25-point Program</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1920s)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rassenkunde_des_deutschen_Volkes" title="Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes">Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes</a></i></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1922)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a></i></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_America_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="White America (book)">White America</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></i></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1928)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michael_(novel)" title="Michael (novel)">Michael</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%B6bnis_treuester_Gefolgschaft" title="Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft">Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1933)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ich_K%C3%A4mpfe" title="Ich Kämpfe">I Fight</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1942)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Evangelical_Church" title="German Evangelical Church">German Evangelical Church</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">Deutsche Christen</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Religion in Nazi Germany">Religion <i>under</i> Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Religious views of Adolf Hitler">Hitler's views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbolism" title="Nazi symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Outside of Germany</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlebists_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement<br />(United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark"><span class="wrap">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_analogies" title="Nazi analogies">Analogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitler's political views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Propaganda and the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; border-bottom:1px solid #dd0000;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></li> <li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/17px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/26px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_sidebar" title="Template:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>National Socialist black metal</b> (also known as <b>NSBM</b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> black metal</b>) is a political movement within the <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> music scene that promotes <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">neo-fascism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> ideologies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Socialist_black_metal_artists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Socialist black metal artists">NSBM artists</a> typically combine neo-Nazi imagery and ideology with <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism#Ethnicity_and_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">ethnic European paganism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Nazi occultism</a>, or a combination thereof, and vehemently oppose <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Racialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism">racialist</a> viewpoint. NSBM is not seen as a distinct genre, but as a <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">völkisch</a></i> movement within black metal. According to <a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Mattias Gardell</a>, NSBM musicians see this ideology as "a logical extension of the political and spiritual dissidence inherent in black metal".<sup id="cite_ref-Gardell_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NSBM artists do not always explicitly express their political beliefs in their music, instead, they express their beliefs offstage.<sup id="cite_ref-reichsrock_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reichsrock-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists who hold <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> or <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a> beliefs but do not express them in their music are not considered NSBM artists by artists who participate in the greater black metal scene, but they may be considered NSBM artists by outside analysts.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some black metal bands have also made references to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> purely for <a href="/wiki/Shock_value" title="Shock value">shock value</a>, much like some <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> bands. While some black-metallers boycott NSBM artists, many are indifferent or claim to appreciate the music without supporting the musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200899_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson200899-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The emergence of NSBM coincided with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">early Norwegian black metal scene</a> in the early 1990s, particularly through the band <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a>, whose sole member, <a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a>, developed his anti-Christian beliefs into an increasingly white nationalist and neo-Nazi form of <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a>. The German band <a href="/wiki/Absurd_(band)" title="Absurd (band)">Absurd</a> further developed the burgeoning scene with explicitly neo-Nazi lyrics and artistic themes. The United States bands <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot_(band)" title="Judas Iscariot (band)">Judas Iscariot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Belial%27s_Key" title="Grand Belial's Key">Grand Belial's Key</a> also became involved in the by-now international NSBM movement (the former has since distanced themselves from the movement). As the movement grew internationally, it started to overlap with existing <a href="/wiki/White_power_music" title="White power music">white power musical forms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">hatecore</a>, and the far-right faction of <a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a>. The neo-Nazi record label <a href="/wiki/Resistance_Records" title="Resistance Records">Resistance Records</a> started releasing NSBM recordings and even purchased Vikernes' label Cymophane Records. The associated United States political organization <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a> white supremacist <a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a> also became interested in the movement, and assisted Absurd frontman Hendrik Möbus when he fled to the United States to avoid arrest in Germany. In 2012, the NSBM <a href="/wiki/Asgardsrei_festival" title="Asgardsrei festival">Asgardsrei festival</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia, and then in 2014 relocated to <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Black_metal">Black metal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Black metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a></div> <p>Black metal originated in the 1980s from the work of <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/Venom_(band)" title="Venom (band)">Venom</a> (whose 1982 album <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Metal_(Venom_album)" title="Black Metal (Venom album)">Black Metal</a></i> coined the term), <a href="/wiki/Mercyful_Fate" title="Mercyful Fate">Mercyful Fate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bathory_(band)" title="Bathory (band)">Bathory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellhammer" title="Hellhammer">Hellhammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Frost" title="Celtic Frost">Celtic Frost</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sodom_(band)" title="Sodom (band)">Sodom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stylus_Magazine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These bands did not form a scene of their own, nor did they have a common musical style.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lyrical focus that is anti-Christian, Satanist, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">neopagan</a>, or a combination thereof, is often considered a prerequisite for the genre, and originally the term "black metal" was synonymous with "Satanic metal".<sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A stricter definition still requires Satanism for a band to be classified as black metal. Non-Satanic bands from the same surroundings originally used other terms for their own music, such as <a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">pagan metal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a>. In the late-1980s and early-1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">early Norwegian black metal scene</a>, developed by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorns_(band)" title="Thorns (band)">Thorns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immortal_(band)" title="Immortal (band)">Immortal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darkthrone" title="Darkthrone">Darkthrone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_(Norwegian_band)" title="Emperor (Norwegian band)">Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satyricon_(band)" title="Satyricon (band)">Satyricon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ulver" title="Ulver">Ulver</a>, established a more specific sonic template that came to define Norwegian black metal<sup id="cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stylus_Magazine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently a great part of black metal in general, although other styles of black metal, like war metal, still exist. Common traits of Norwegian black metal include a <a href="/wiki/Tempo#Beats_per_minute" title="Tempo">fast tempo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">blast beats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum#Double_bass_drum" title="Bass drum">double-bass drumming</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a thin, <a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)#Black_metal" title="Screaming (music)">shrieking</a> vocal style<sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metalsucks_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metalsucks-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> heavily distorted <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">guitars</a> played with <a href="/wiki/Tremolo_picking" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremolo picking">tremolo picking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_chord" title="Power chord">power chords</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> either <a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">lo-fi</a> or well-produced recordings,<sup id="cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stylus_Magazine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an emphasis on atmosphere,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an "unholy" aesthetic.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keyboards are sometimes used, as are elements of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_new-age_music" title="Neoclassical new-age music">neoclassical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists often appear in <a href="/wiki/Corpse_paint" title="Corpse paint">corpse paint</a> and adopt pseudonyms. Many black metal artists prefer to be <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a>, inaccessible to the mainstream, and even intentionally push away audiences and demonstrate <a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">anti-social behavior</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_in_the_Norwegian_black_metal_scene">Origins in the Norwegian black metal scene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins in the Norwegian black metal scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal scene</a></div> <p>In the early 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">early Norwegian black metal scene</a> developed black metal into a distinct genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stylus_Magazine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scene members were fiercely <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">anti-Christian</a> — most generally presented themselves as <a href="/wiki/Misanthropy" title="Misanthropy">misanthropic</a> <a href="/wiki/Theistic_Satanism" title="Theistic Satanism">devil-worshipers</a> who wanted to spread hatred, sorrow and evil, though some wrote about pre-Christian <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">mythology</a>. Among some members of the scene, the antagonism toward Christianity turned violent, and arson and attempted arson was perpetrated against a number of churches from 1992 through 1995. Among the perpetrators were <a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Euronymous</a> of Mayhem,<sup id="cite_ref-onceuponatime_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onceuponatime-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samoth" title="Samoth">Samoth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thou_Shalt_Suffer" title="Thou Shalt Suffer">Thou Shalt Suffer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_(Norwegian_band)" title="Emperor (Norwegian band)">Emperor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Faust_(musician)" title="Faust (musician)">Faust</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thorns_(band)" title="Thorns (band)">Thorns</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lords_of_Chaos,_p._94f_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lords_of_Chaos,_p._94f-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Inge_Tunsberg" title="Jørn Inge Tunsberg">Jørn Inge Tunsberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Old_Funeral" title="Old Funeral">Old Funeral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immortal_(band)" title="Immortal (band)">Immortal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hades_Almighty" title="Hades Almighty">Hades Almighty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grude_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grude-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of whom are among the most prominent musicians in the scene. In January 1993, Vikernes spoke with a journalist from <i><a href="/wiki/Bergens_Tidende" title="Bergens Tidende">Bergens Tidende</a></i>. The loft where the interview was conducted was filled with Satanist and <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> paraphernalia, along with weapons, and Vikernes declared he was at war with Christianity, had already burned eight churches, and would continue his <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The violence and misanthropy in the scene also included murder. In August 1992, Faust killed a gay man — Magne Andreassen — who had propositioned him in <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LoC111_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC111-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faust was not caught for a year, despite his actions being an open secret known to many in the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many have attributed the murder to <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:18_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:19_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, <a href="/wiki/Gaahl" title="Gaahl">Gaahl</a>, a vocalist from the band <a href="/wiki/Gorgoroth" title="Gorgoroth">Gorgoroth</a>, is now an openly gay man who was voted Gay Person of the Year in 2010 in Bergen,<sup id="cite_ref-Trelldom_interview_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trelldom_interview-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and believes that the killing of Andreassen by Faust had nothing to do with Andreassen's sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, Faust himself, along with bandmate <a href="/wiki/Ihsahn" title="Ihsahn">Ihsahn</a>, have claimed that Andreassen's sexuality was irrelevant, and Faust simply had a murderous impulse.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC114_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC114-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1993, Vikernes, with <a href="/wiki/Snorre_Ruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Snorre Ruch">Snorre Ruch</a> from Thorns and Mayhem as an accomplice, killed his bandmate Euronymous and was arrested shortly after.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vikernes was convicted in the spring of 1994 for arson, murder, and illegal possession of weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vikernes insists that he killed Euronymous in self-defense,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although while in prison claimed that it was also because Euronymous was gay and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Euronymous was interested in communism,<sup id="cite_ref-:13_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even professing to be a <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinist</a> in 1992,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the 1980s had participated in the <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a> youth group <a href="/wiki/Red_Youth_(Norway)" title="Red Youth (Norway)">Rød Ungdom</a>, which he later disavowed,<sup id="cite_ref-LoC74_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC74-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there is no evidence that he was a gay man.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Vikernes' later claims, the killing is not believed to have been politically motivated, which even Vikernes claimed at first, and is generally thought to have been because of a personal dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is an undercurrent of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a> in black metal,<sup id="cite_ref-Gardell_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and racism is not uncommon in the scene even though most black metal and other extreme metal musicians disavow neo-Nazism and racist ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the Scandinavian scene, several musicians made racist statements and utilized Nazi language and paraphernalia — yet, black metal is also highly performative, intentionally contradictory, and artistically transgressive, and many of its musicians cultivate an evil, ultra-right-wing image as an aesthetic.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the artists who flirted with fascism, totalitarianism, and violence in their artistic themes did not find a political connection with that imagery.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, a minority in the scene, in their opposition to Christianity and reverence for a pre-Christian past, stepped into fascist and racist ideas, particularly <a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Nazi occultism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Euronymous in a personal letter in the early 1990s made the sweeping claim that "Almost ALL Norwegian bands are more less nazis [sic]. Burzum, Mayhem, Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Arcturus_(band)" title="Arcturus (band)">Arcturus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enslaved_(band)" title="Enslaved (band)">Enslaved</a>, you name them."<sup id="cite_ref-:12_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, scholar Kirsten Dyck has described the Norwegian scene's "<a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene#Helvete,_ideology,_and_the_"Black_Circle"" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Black Circle</a>" as neo-Nazi. According to her, the Black Circle melded Nazi occultism, anti-Semitism and the <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Jewish plot for world domination</a>, homophobia, and <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a> with <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzschean philosophy</a>, Satanism, and Scandinavian neopaganism, which then contributed to the violence perpetrated by some of the musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Axel_Blomberg" title="Jan Axel Blomberg">Hellhammer</a>, the drummer for the Norwegian band <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>, said of the genre's links with racism: "I'll put it this way, we don't like black people here. Black Metal is for white people".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Mayhem re-formed after Euronymous's death, they began releasing merchandise bearing World War II-era <a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbolism" title="Nazi symbolism">Nazi symbols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in a later interview, Hellhammer said "I don't give a crap if the fans are white, black, green, yellow, or blue. For me music and politics don't go hand in hand".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, Gaahl described "niggers" and "mulattoes" as "subhuman" and stated his admiration for Vikernes and Adolf Hitler. However, he too has since distanced himself from these statements.<sup id="cite_ref-rockhardgaahl_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rockhardgaahl-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vikernes also wrote some lyrics for the album <i><a href="/wiki/Transilvanian_Hunger" title="Transilvanian Hunger">Transilvanian Hunger</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Darkthrone" title="Darkthrone">Darkthrone</a>, another key band in the Norwegian scene. It was released in 1994 with <i>Norsk Arisk Black Metal</i> ('Norwegian Aryan Black Metal') printed on the back cover, and issued a press release stating "If any man should attempt to criticize this LP, he should be thoroughly patronized for his obviously Jewish behavior."<sup id="cite_ref-:12_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:20_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ensuing controversy, Darkthrone claimed that "Jew" is simply a Norwegian word for "stupid" and that they were "not a Nazi band nor a political band".<sup id="cite_ref-MusicMight_biography_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MusicMight_biography-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:20_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2007 documentary, bandmember <a href="/wiki/Fenriz" title="Fenriz">Fenriz</a> claimed he was once arrested while participating in an anti-<a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> demonstration and later had a "phase of being really angry with ... other races" before he became "totally unengaged in [political] shit".<sup id="cite_ref-billzebub2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billzebub2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar <a href="/wiki/Keith_Kahn-Harris" title="Keith Kahn-Harris">Keith Kahn-Harris</a> argues that it is almost impossible to believe that Darkthrone did not know that a pejorative use of the word "Jew" was offensive, and the denials from Darkthrone that the members had racist or fascist sympathies was disingenuous, given the statements made.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, Kahn-Harris also notes that Fenriz has made more jocular references to racism and fascism, and has interacted well with black metal enthusiasts from Israel, so Kahn-Harris believes that the actions by Darkthrone were intentionally contradictory as a form of transgressive artistic discourse and not expressions of a sincere ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Axl Rosenberg from the website MetalSucks notes that after these offensive actions from the band in the mid-1990s, Darkthrone has not repeatedly demonstrated racist behavior. He opines that the band members are far older now and that "it’s feasible their worldviews have changed; it’s feasible they were being provocative for the sake of being provocative when they made <i>Hunger</i> and have since seen the error of such sophomoric behavior."<sup id="cite_ref-:12_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his release from prison, Faust stated regarding the arson and murder he committed that "I was never a Satanist or fascist in any way, but I put behind me the hatred and negativity. Those feelings just eat you up from inside."<sup id="cite_ref-:12_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar statements were also uttered by scene members from other countries. <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Ford" title="Michael W. Ford">Michael W. Ford</a> of the American band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Funeral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Funeral (page does not exist)">Black Funeral</a> mentioned that <a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Nazi occultism</a> was very important to him,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called his former band Sorath his "old SS Death squad"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and claimed "you have to be white to play Black metal".<sup id="cite_ref-killyourself-p36_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killyourself-p36-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> We was the American leader of Cymophane, an organisation started by Vikernes.<sup id="cite_ref-killyourself-p36_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killyourself-p36-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would later disassociate himself from Nazism.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the authors of <i><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos</a></i>, in 1995, three Swedish black-metallers (including Mika "Belfagor" Hakola of the band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefandus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nefandus (page does not exist)">Nefandus</a>) went on a "niggerhunt" in <a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>. Wielding an axe and two machetes, they "terrorized" a black man.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nefandus were later "considered to be Nazi sympathizers", though Belfagor explained: "This could not be further from the truth, but I guess this has to do with some of the controversial comments I made in various magazines in my youth, when I still aspired to play in the most hated band in the world. I used a lot of provocative language back then. But to sort things out: I associate with people of all creeds and colours. ... So to be labeled a Nazi or a racist is very offensive to me".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vikernes and his project Burzum are generally seen as the main catalyst in the development of the NSBM movement, although Burzum was never explicitly political.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Vikernes has claimed to not be a neo-Nazi, he has participated in neo-Nazi activities and his statements have expressed neo-Nazi views and antagonism toward Muslims and Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an interview in <i>Blood & Honour</i> magazine, Vikernes contacted neo-Nazi organization <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">Zorn 88</a> in 1992<sup id="cite_ref-Unheiligepage277_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unheiligepage277-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and joined <a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance</a> before he killed Euronymous.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in prison, "Vikernes began to formulate his nationalist heathen ideology"<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wrote a manifesto called <i>Vargsmål</i>. It became available on the internet for a while in 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1997 it was printed by a Norwegian publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once imprisoned, Vikernes abandoned the black metal scene and started touting a neo-Nazi variety of <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Vikernes, he stopped playing metal music because of its origin as "Negro music", and argued that "the 'metal heads' tend to behave like a bunch of 'White Niggers', so to speak, with their sex, drugs and rock'n'roll culture."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vikernes also has claimed that the scene had begun "as a nationalistic (Norwegian-centric), racist and anti-Christian revolt" but was "hijacked" by the "Jew-dominated music industry".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claims the industry made it into another tool with which to destroy Europe, by promoting bands who embraced "everything sick and anti-European on this planet, from porn and promiscuity to drugs and homosexuality".<sup id="cite_ref-:14_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_National_Socialist_black_metal">Development of National Socialist black metal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development of National Socialist black metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the first explicitly NSBM releases was the 1995 demo <i>Thuringian Pagan Madness</i> by German band <a href="/wiki/Absurd_(band)" title="Absurd (band)">Absurd</a>. It was recorded while the members were imprisoned for murdering a boy from their school. On the demo cover is a photograph of his gravestone and the inlay contained pro-Nazi statements.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandmember Hendrik Möbus stated that NSBM was the "logical conclusion" of the Norwegian black metal movement and interpreted the church burnings as a "cultural <a href="/wiki/Atavism" title="Atavism">atavism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Möbus_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Möbus-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other bands deemed to be part of the early NSBM scene include <a href="/wiki/Graveland" title="Graveland">Graveland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infernum" title="Infernum">Infernum</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rob Darken of Graveland in particular was a very central figure in the development of NSBM in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The burgeoning black metal scene in Poland was far more pronouncedly racist, and The Temple of Fullmoon, of which several Polish bands were members, turned into a far-right organization.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to what happened in Norway, the scene became increasingly violent, and three of the four members of the NSBM band Thunderbolt were imprisoned for arson and murder.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gunnar Sauermann, in the 1990s, some of the earliest American black metal bands—like <a href="/wiki/Grand_Belial%27s_Key" title="Grand Belial's Key">Grand Belial's Key</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot_(band)" title="Judas Iscariot (band)">Judas Iscariot</a>—joined an international NSBM organization called the Pagan Front, although Judas Iscariot's sole member Akhenaten left the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-mh82007_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mh82007-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thelemnar, the drummer of German band <a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Moon" title="Secrets of the Moon">Secrets of the Moon</a>, said he got to know him "only as an intelligent person and never as a Nazi".<sup id="cite_ref-mh82007_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mh82007-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States project I Shalt Become was another pioneer in the nascent NSBM scene.<sup id="cite_ref-I_shall_become_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I_shall_become-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NSBM came to dominate the black metal scenes in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200899_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson200899-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Alexey Levkin, frontman of the band <a href="/w/index.php?title=M8l8th&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M8l8th (page does not exist)">M8l8th</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M8L8TH" class="extiw" title="es:M8L8TH">es</a>]</span>, along with others, started the NSBM music festival <a href="/wiki/Asgardsrei_festival" title="Asgardsrei festival">Asgardsrei</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event is named after the 1999 album of the same name by Absurd.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> in 2014 when Levkin and the other organizers relocated to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> to join the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Assault_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Assault Brigade">Azov Assault Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steelfest" title="Steelfest">Steelfest</a> is a Finnish annual black metal festival that has been held since 2012. Steelfest is notorious for hosting a venue for National socialist black metal bands, and bands and audience have done mass nazi salutes.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NSBM typically melds Neo-Nazi beliefs (such as <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="White separatism">white separatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">right-wing extremism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic separatism">ethnic separatism</a>, with some <a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchist</a> tendencies and admiration of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>) with hostility to "foreign" religions. Bands often promote ethnic <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>. Hendrik Möbus of Absurd described Nazism as the "most perfect (and only realistic!) synthesis of Satanic/<a href="/wiki/Luciferianism" title="Luciferianism">Luciferian</a> <a href="/wiki/Will_to_power" title="Will to power">will to power</a>, elitist <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a>, connected to Aryan <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the band Der Stürmer (named after the <a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">antisemitic newspaper</a> edited by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a>) subscribe to <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a>, leaning on the works of <a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LEGEONES_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LEGEONES-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famine of <a href="/wiki/Peste_Noire" title="Peste Noire">Peste Noire</a> stated in an interview that he prefers <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascism">Italian Fascism</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> as an ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Christianity_and_antisemitism">Anti-Christianity and antisemitism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anti-Christianity and antisemitism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically NSBM musicians regard Christianity as a product of an alleged <a href="/wiki/Jewish_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish conspiracy">Jewish conspiracy</a> to undermine the <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> by eliminating their <i>Artglauben</i> and their "original" culture.<sup id="cite_ref-akweb_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akweb-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These musicians usually reject the legitimacy of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity and antisemitism">Christian antisemitism</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians</a> movement, which celebrated and promoted Nazi ideology in the context of an unorthodox <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theological</a> framework. Hjarulv Henker of the band Der Stürmer said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I don't think that a dogma like Christianity has a place in Aryandom. There is no way to make Christianity fit into the Weltanschauung of the Aryan <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch">Overman</a>. Christianity teaches humbleness, the loss of National and Racial identity, and equality, things alien to our cosmotheory. You cannot combine Jesus with characters who represent Aryan ethics. ... Christianity is Christianity and it is Jewish by its very birth and conception, a vehicle in the Jewish world domination and designed as such.<sup id="cite_ref-LEGEONES_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LEGEONES-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_supremacy">White supremacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: White supremacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NSBM musicians such as Varg Vikernes of Burzum and Famine of Peste Noire have expressed a white supremacist concern about "<a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">race mixing</a>" and preserving the purity of the <a href="/wiki/White_race" class="mw-redirect" title="White race">white race</a> and the traditional cultures of white European nations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somewhat perplexingly, NSBM has been popular in Poland and other Slavic countries, despite the fact that, historically, German Nazis viewed <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic people</a> as subhuman racial inferiors and intended to eliminate them.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contradiction is either masked, relativized or excused as a historical mistake. A conspiracy theory says the Jews would have prevented an alliance between Nazi Germany and other Eastern European countries.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Knjaz_Varggoth" title="Knjaz Varggoth">Knjaz Varggoth</a>, singer and guitarist of the Ukrainian band <a href="/wiki/Nokturnal_Mortum" title="Nokturnal Mortum">Nokturnal Mortum</a>, gives the following explanation for the contradiction: "Goruth of the Russian band Temnozor sees the Slavs and Germans as a part of a <a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborean</a> Aryan race and nowadays differing due to its degeneration." </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese-American">Vietnamese-American</a> band Vothana<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is unusual in that its members are not ethnically European, however the band’s lyrics (which are performed in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>) still express racialist and fascist viewpoints and the band has performed at festivals alongside NSBM bands.<sup id="cite_ref-hotshower_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hotshower-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paganism">Paganism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Paganism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></div> <p>As part of their anti-Christianity, anti-Semitism, and the idea that White Europeans should return to their "native" ways, most NSBM bands promote ethnic European paganism. Benjamin Hedge Olson argues that NSBM is "indelibly linked with <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Asá Trŭ</a> and opposed to Satanism, which gives it a '<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">blood and soil</a>' attraction to many young Neo-Nazis looking for identity in their distant, ancestral past."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200899_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson200899-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hendrik Möbus interpreted the church burnings in Norway as: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[A] cultural atavism, a sudden and inexplicable plunge back into pre-Christian, medieval conditions in all but outward reality. Like the Swiss psychologist, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a>, would have said: Ancient archetypes resurfaced from our collective unconscious and repossessed receptive minds – which were, as a rule, still developing and thus especially impressible. The thus affected teenagers found themselves with an archaic state of mind and like in a mass-hysteria, they induced their condition unto others. It goes without saying that a, say, 18 year old adolescent who suddenly felt out of tune with his environment lacked the insight for a self-analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-Möbus_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Möbus-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> He argues that later on they would have realized the meaning of these emotions, begun to identify with paganism and taken "an active interest in Nationalist politics designed to preserve and to cultivate this very heritage".<sup id="cite_ref-Möbus_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Möbus-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The booklet of the Absurd EP <i>Asgardsrei</i> depicts the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> as warriors of the "<a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Asgardsrei</a>", which the bands define as a term for an alleged godly and Germanic group of warriors. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satanism">Satanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Satanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides pagan beliefs, part of the NSBM scene embraces an interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>. Satanism is a common theme even in apolitical black metal, but in NSBM <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> is depicted as an ancient Aryan counterpart to <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a>, the god of the Jews and Christians. This view is often called "<a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">völkisch</a> Satanism"<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Aryan Satanism". Chraesvelgoron of The True Frost sees Nazism as the political appearance of Satanism and the collective deification of man as a social animal, as godliness instead of humaneness.<sup id="cite_ref-true_frost_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-true_frost-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His bandmate Sadorass calls the same ideology a development of <a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">blood and soil</a> ideology, diverse occult teachings, and the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> in connection to <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greek black metal musician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magus_Wampyr_Daoloth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magus Wampyr Daoloth (page does not exist)">Magus Wampyr Daoloth</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Necromantia" title="Necromantia">Necromantia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thou_Art_Lord" title="Thou Art Lord">Thou Art Lord</a>) said in an interview for <i>Lords of Chaos</i>: "If you consider that fascism and Satanism have a lot of similarities as they both advocate power, spiritual and physical excellence, responsibility, survival of the fittest, elitism, etc., it's logical that some bands advocate both".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many pagan and <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> bands see Satanism as a part of Christianity or Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connections_with_broader_white_nationalist_movements">Connections with broader white nationalist movements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Connections with broader white nationalist movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many white nationalists have warmly received NSBM for its lyrical content and ideals. However, some have not, due to the music style as well as the genre's perceived association with the rock & roll lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-uh280_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uh280-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <i>Lords of Chaos</i> notes that alcohol and illegal drugs never played a big part in the Norwegian black metal scene.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Faust_(musician)" title="Faust (musician)">Bård G. Eithun</a>, on the other hand, stated that many in the early scene "were almost alcoholics".<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some also reject black metal musicians and fans since many of them have long hair, which they associate with <a href="/wiki/Hippies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippies">hippies</a> and left-wingers. <a href="/wiki/Dayal_Patterson" title="Dayal Patterson">Dayal Patterson</a> writes that "NSBM has become a movement in its own right," one which has reached <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> and the Americas and overlapped with fans of more traditional far-right music genres such as <a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The record label <a href="/wiki/Resistance_Records" title="Resistance Records">Resistance Records</a>, a Canadian record label promoting white nationalism and white separatism, purchased Vikernes' Cymophane Records and began releasing black metal recordings, many through a sub-label, Unholy Records.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a>, founder of the white nationalist <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a>, sought to promote NSBM as well as other forms of white nationalist music through Resistance, believing that music would "make the National Alliance rich and spread its message most effectively".<sup id="cite_ref-pierce_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierce-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this end, he accommodated Absurd frontman Hendrik Möbus while the latter had fled to the United States to evade German authorities. Although Pierce appreciated the ideological mindset of NSBM and Resistance Records, as well as the financial gains, the music did not personally appeal to him, and he attacked the "sex, drugs & rock'n'roll" and what he called "negroid" influences.<sup id="cite_ref-pierce2_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierce2-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asgardsrei festival, which has established itself as the major festival for NSBM, has been noted by analysts and journalists to function as a meetup point and pan-European and transnational networking hub for neo-Nazis, white supremacists, and other far-right extremists.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the concert organizers' connections to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalist</a> Azov Assault Brigade, Ukrainian far-right political party <a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a>, and Russian-Ukrainian neo-Nazi movement Wotanjugend,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members of the German neo-Nazi party <a href="/wiki/The_III._Path" class="mw-redirect" title="The III. Path">The III. Path</a>, the United States-based <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">neo-Nazi terrorist</a> organization <a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a>, the Italian <a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">neo-fascist</a> movement and former political party <a href="/wiki/CasaPound" title="CasaPound">CasaPound</a>, and the Greek neo-Nazi party <a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Dawn (political party)">Golden Dawn</a> have all participated in the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of neo-Nazi forums and chats such as <a href="/wiki/Iron_March" title="Iron March">Iron March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a>, and neo-Nazi chat servers on <a href="/wiki/Discord_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discord (software)">Discord</a> have attended and praised Asgardsrei,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the American white nationalist <a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a> posted a review of the 2019 festival on his <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> publication Counter Currents.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_70-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connections_to_black_metal_scene">Connections to black metal scene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Connections to black metal scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NSBM artists are a minority within black metal, according to Mattias Gardell.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardell_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also been rejected or strongly criticized by many prominent black metal musicians – including <a href="/wiki/Jon_N%C3%B6dtveidt" title="Jon Nödtveidt">Jon Nödtveidt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dissection_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissection-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tormentor_(musician)" title="Tormentor (musician)">Tormentor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tormentor_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tormentor-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/King_ov_Hell" title="King ov Hell">King ov Hell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kingovhell2_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingovhell2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Infernus" title="Infernus">Infernus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-infernus2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infernus2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ahriman" title="Lord Ahriman">Lord Ahriman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-billzebub2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billzebub2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Magus_Caligula" title="Emperor Magus Caligula">Emperor Magus Caligula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-billzebub2_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billzebub2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-caligulayoutube_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caligulayoutube-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Summoning_(band)" title="Summoning (band)">Protector</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Protector_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protector-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erik Danielsson of <a href="/wiki/Watain" title="Watain">Watain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the members of <a href="/wiki/Arkhon_Infaustus" title="Arkhon Infaustus">Arkhon Infaustus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-billzebub2_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billzebub2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some black-metallers liken Nazism to Christianity in that it is <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collectivism_and_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivism and individualism">collectivist</a>, and involves a "<a href="/wiki/Herd_mentality" title="Herd mentality">herd mentality</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Dissection_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissection-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tormentor_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tormentor-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Misanthropy" title="Misanthropy">misanthropic</a> views of many artists; Benjamin Hedge Olson writes that the shunning of Nazism within the scene "has nothing to do with notions of a 'universal humanity' or a rejection of hate" but that Nazism is shunned "because its hatred is too specific and exclusive".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2008123_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2008123-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joakim of <a href="/wiki/Craft_(metal_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft (metal band)">Craft</a> said, "I don't think national socialism mix[es] with the ideology of real Black Metal in a way, but that doesn't go further than labels. I only think NS Black Metal is an inappropriate label for the music".<sup id="cite_ref-darkside_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-darkside-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some black-metallers boycott NSBM bands and labels, others draw a line between the music and the musicians, as they only care for the music. Some have criticized this as passive support for NSBM. The bigger print metal magazines tend to ignore records by NSBM bands.<sup id="cite_ref-akweb_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akweb-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian Dornbusch and Hans-Peter Killguss's 2005 book <i>Unheilige Allianzen</i> caused a short debate, leading <i>Legacy</i> magazine to stop printing ads for NSBM labels. Another debate happened in the "letters" section of <i>Rock Hard</i> magazine following the article <i>Der rechte Rand im Black Metal</i> (<i>Black Metal's Far-right Border</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, völkisch <a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">pagan metal</a> and neo-Nazism were the current trends in black metal and in turn, were affecting the broader metal scene.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stewart Voegtlin likewise wrote for <i><a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus</a></i> in 2006 that "with a 'nationalistic' wave of violence and hatred spreading from Scandinavia and infiltrating France and Germany, the unfortunate exploits of a few will likely continue to supersede the music itself."<sup id="cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stylus_Magazine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denial_of_identification">Denial of identification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Denial of identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some bands have denied being labeled NSBM, and assert that they are either pagan or instead prefer the label "nationalist black metal." Official statements against this label have been made by bands such as Graveland.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akitsa, a group sometimes rumoured to be NSBM, made strong statements against the Nazi ideology and the whole NSBM genre.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ukrainian band <a href="/wiki/Nokturnal_Mortum" title="Nokturnal Mortum">Nokturnal Mortum</a> has made efforts to distance themselves from the movement, but still continue to occasionally partake in some NSBM practices such as playing at festivals held for the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some bands made statements which the scene and critics has taken as genuine statements condemning Nazism, other bands' statements has, by many critics, been viewed merely as a tactic to be able to play live gigs or not have their music banned, such is the case with Graveland, among others, who has continued to openly support white supremacist organizers after making statements about being "unpolitical".<sup id="cite_ref-:13_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Socialist_black_metal_bands" title="List of National Socialist black metal bands">List of National Socialist black metal bands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuesnel2020" class="citation journal cs1">Buesnel, Ryan David (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346363338">"National Socialist Black Metal: a case study in the longevity of far-right ideologies in heavy metal subcultures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Patterns_of_Prejudice" title="Patterns of Prejudice">Patterns of Prejudice</a></i>. <b>54</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">393–</span>408. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2020.1800987">10.1080/0031322X.2020.1800987</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229466327">229466327</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=National+Socialist+Black+Metal%3A+a+case+study+in+the+longevity+of+far-right+ideologies+in+heavy+metal+subcultures&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E393-%3C%2Fspan%3E408&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2020.1800987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A229466327%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Buesnel&rft.aufirst=Ryan+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F346363338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardell-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardell_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardell_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardell_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mattias Gardell, <a href="/wiki/Gods_of_the_Blood" title="Gods of the Blood"><i>Gods of the Blood</i> (2003)</a>, p.307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reichsrock-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reichsrock_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDyck2016" class="citation book cs1">Dyck, Kirsten (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sREVDQAAQBAJ"><i>Reichsrock: The International Web of White-Power and Neo-Nazi Hate Music</i></a>. New Brunswick: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813574738" title="Special:BookSources/9780813574738"><bdi>9780813574738</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reichsrock%3A+The+International+Web+of+White-Power+and+Neo-Nazi+Hate+Music&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780813574738&rft.aulast=Dyck&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsREVDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bifff-berlin.de/aktuell72.html">"Rechtes Neuheiden-Festival mit Nazi-Runen im "SO 36"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in German). BIFFF ...</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rechtes+Neuheiden-Festival+mit+Nazi-Runen+im+%22SO+36%22&rft.pub=BIFFF+...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bifff-berlin.de%2Faktuell72.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson200899-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200899_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200899_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200899_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson2008">Olson 2008</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stylus_Magazine-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus_Magazine_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVoegtlin2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Voegtlin, Stewart (January 9, 2006). Lee, Cosmo (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909023059/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/into-the-void-stylus-magazines-beginners-guide-to-metal.htm">"Into the Void: Stylus Magazine's Beginner's Guide to Metal: Black Metal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/into-the-void-stylus-magazines-beginners-guide-to-metal.htm">the original</a> on September 9, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stylus+Magazine&rft.atitle=Into+the+Void%3A+Stylus+Magazine%27s+Beginner%27s+Guide+to+Metal%3A+Black+Metal&rft.date=2006-01-09&rft.aulast=Voegtlin&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stylusmagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fweekly_article%2Finto-the-void-stylus-magazines-beginners-guide-to-metal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKalis2004" class="citation web cs1">Kalis, Quentin (August 31, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles.aspx?id=6-668">"CoC : Rant : Black Metal: A Brief Guide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Chaos_(webzine)" title="Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)">Chronicles of Chaos</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicles+of+Chaos&rft.atitle=CoC+%3A+Rant+%3A+Black+Metal%3A+A+Brief+Guide&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.aulast=Kalis&rft.aufirst=Quentin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesofchaos.com%2Farticles.aspx%3Fid%3D6-668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moynihan & Soderlind, 2009, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVenkateshPodoshenPerriUrbaniak2014" class="citation book cs1">Venkatesh, Vivek; Podoshen, Jeffrey S.; Perri, David; Urbaniak, Kathryn (2014-02-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LwSXBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA368">"21: From Pride and Prejudice to Shame: Multiple Facets of the Black Metal Scene within and without Online Environments"</a>. In Venkatesh, Vivek; Wallin, Jason; Castro, Juan Carlos; Lewis, Jason Edward (eds.). <i>Educational, Psychological, and Behavioral Considerations in Niche Online Communities</i>. Hershey: <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGI_Global&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGI Global (page does not exist)">IGI Global</a>. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4666-5207-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4666-5207-1"><bdi>978-1-4666-5207-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=21%3A+From+Pride+and+Prejudice+to+Shame%3A+Multiple+Facets+of+the+Black+Metal+Scene+within+and+without+Online+Environments&rft.btitle=Educational%2C+Psychological%2C+and+Behavioral+Considerations+in+Niche+Online+Communities&rft.place=Hershey&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=IGI+Global&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4666-5207-1&rft.aulast=Venkatesh&rft.aufirst=Vivek&rft.au=Podoshen%2C+Jeffrey+S.&rft.au=Perri%2C+David&rft.au=Urbaniak%2C+Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLwSXBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampion2005" class="citation news cs1">Campion, Chris (2005-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/feb/20/popandrock4">"Chris Campion on metal's maddest: Mayhem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501345388" title="Special:BookSources/9781501345388"><bdi>9781501345388</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gaahl+-+Monster+or+Postmodern+Prometheus%3F+Masculinity%2C+Class%2C+and+Norwegian+Black+Metal&rft.btitle=The+Bloomsbury+Handbook+of+Popular+Music+and+Social+Class&rft.place=London&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781501345388&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DavjCDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patterson, Dayal, 2013, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHagen2011" class="citation book cs1">Hagen, Ross (2011-12-27). 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Durham, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/metalrulesglobeh00wall/page/n192">183</a>-186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4733-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4733-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-4733-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musical+Style%2C+Ideology%2C+and+Mythology+in+Norwegian+Black+Metal&rft.btitle=Metal+Rules+the+Globe%3A+Heavy+Metal+Music+Around+the+World&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=183-186&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2011-12-27&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4733-0&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmetalrulesglobeh00wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metalsucks-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metalsucks_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Hagar,_Sammy2012" class="citation web cs1">O'Hagar, Sammy (8 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalsucks.net/2012/11/08/vons-satanic-blood-black-black-black-black-no-1/">"Von's Satanic Blood: Black Black Black Black No. 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MetalSucks" title="MetalSucks">MetalSucks</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+St%C3%BCrmer+interview+published+in+LEGEONES+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaganfront.com%2Fdersturmer%2Finterviews%2FLEGEONES.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCercle_Non_Conforme2014" class="citation web cs1">Cercle Non Conforme (July 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lamesnieherlequin.com/2014/07/translation-of-the-kpn-interview-for-cercle-non-conforme/,%20https://www.lamesnieherlequin.com/2014/07/translation-of-the-kpn-interview-for-cercle-non-conforme/">"La Mesnie Herlequin » English translation of the PESTE NOIRE interview for Cercle Non Conforme"</a>. Translated by M.D.L. and L’Atrabilaire<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Mesnie+Herlequin+%C2%BB+English+translation+of+the+PESTE+NOIRE+interview+for+Cercle+Non+Conforme&rft.date=2014-07-22&rft.au=Cercle+Non+Conforme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamesnieherlequin.com%2F2014%2F07%2Ftranslation-of-the-kpn-interview-for-cercle-non-conforme%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamesnieherlequin.com%2F2014%2F07%2Ftranslation-of-the-kpn-interview-for-cercle-non-conforme%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-akweb-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-akweb_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akweb_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416055333/http://www.akweb.de/ak_s/ak428/31.htm">"ak 428: Unheilige Allianz"</a>. <i>www.akweb.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akweb.de/ak_s/ak428/31.htm">the original</a> on 16 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.akweb.de&rft.atitle=ak+428%3A+Unheilige+Allianz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akweb.de%2Fak_s%2Fak428%2F31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStuart2019" class="citation news cs1">Stuart, Gwynedd (2019-03-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/horna-finnish-metal/">"UPDATE: DTLA Bar Cancels Far-Right Black Metal Band's Gig"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Magazine">Los Angeles Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Magazine&rft.atitle=UPDATE%3A+DTLA+Bar+Cancels+Far-Right+Black+Metal+Band%27s+Gig&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Gwynedd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamag.com%2Fculturefiles%2Fhorna-finnish-metal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dyck, Kirsten, 2017. pp. 59-60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2013" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Dayal (2013-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-kIxCgAAQBAJ"><i>Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult</i></a>. Feral House. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936239-76-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936239-76-4"><bdi>978-1-936239-76-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Metal%3A+Evolution+of+the+Cult&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft.isbn=978-1-936239-76-4&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Dayal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-kIxCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unheilige Allianzen, page 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vietnamese for "atheist"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hotshower-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hotshower_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7bnja/neo-nazi-music-shows-return-to-europe">"Neo-Nazi Music Shows Return To Europe"</a>. 12 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neo-Nazi+Music+Shows+Return+To+Europe&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fv7bnja%2Fneo-nazi-music-shows-return-to-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintry Night Nonstop/Aenaon Skotos Anosion, published around 2000: Frost/Sadorass [Interview with Sadorass]. Cited in: <i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-true_frost-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-true_frost_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szene-Almanach 1998, page 48; Strength through War, issue 4, Summer 2003, o.S.: Frost. Interview answered by Chraesvelgoron. Cited in: <i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flagellation, No. 2, 2001, page 29. Cited in: <i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lords of Chaos</i>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gammadion, No. 1, 1997, o.S.: Capricornus. Cited in: <i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uh280-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uh280_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, p.280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lords of Chaos</i>, p.327</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patterson, Dayal, 2013. p. 365</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pierce-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pierce_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204122449/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/william-pierce-649470.html">"US"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/william-pierce-649470.html">the original</a> on December 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=US&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fwilliam-pierce-649470.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pierce2-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pierce2_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080208184453/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/may2006/nsbm.aspx">"Decibel Magazine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/may2006/nsbm.aspx">the original</a> on 8 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decibel+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.decibelmagazine.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmay2006%2Fnsbm.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_93-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColborne2019" class="citation news cs1">Colborne, Michael (2019-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/.premium-most-neo-nazi-music-festivals-are-closely-guarded-secrets-not-this-one-1.8260218">"Most neo-Nazi Music Festivals Are Closely Guarded Secrets — Not This One in Ukraine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Most+neo-Nazi+Music+Festivals+Are+Closely+Guarded+Secrets+%E2%80%94+Not+This+One+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft.aulast=Colborne&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fworld-news%2Feurope%2F.premium-most-neo-nazi-music-festivals-are-closely-guarded-secrets-not-this-one-1.8260218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHume2019" class="citation web cs1">Hume, Tim (2019-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/dygg9j/a-black-metal-festival-in-ukraine-this-weekend-is-the-neo-nazi-networking-event-of-the-year">"A Black Metal Festival in Ukraine This Weekend Is the Neo-Nazi Networking Event of the Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dd6pYjLyxCHo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Protector-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Protector_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630125512/http://www.summoning.info/Stuff/PoliticalStatements.html">"Political Statements from Protector (Summoning)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exclaim%21&rft.atitle=Watain+Address+Their+Ideology+Following+Nazi+Salute+Controversy&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft.aulast=Zorgdrager&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexclaim.ca%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2Fwatain_stand_for_black_metal_against_the_genres_nazi_flirtations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Ziegler: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030121034117/http://www.grimrune.com/watain/heint.html"><i>Merchandise whorery</i></a>, accessed on 31 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2008123-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2008123_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson2008">Olson 2008</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-darkside-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-darkside_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Legros: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voicesfromthedarkside.de/Interviews/CRAFT--6878.html"><i>Craft</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609213059/http://www.voicesfromthedarkside.de/Interviews/CRAFT--6878.html">Archived</a> 2016-06-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed on 31 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mühlmann, Wolf-Rüdiger: <i>Der rechte Rand im Black Metal</i>. In: <i>Rock Hard</i>, No. 241, June 2007, pp. 58–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Unheilige Allianzen</i>, p. 290. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89771-817-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-89771-817-0">3-89771-817-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarken" class="citation web cs1">Darken, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graveland.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=351:graveland-is-not-an-nsbm&catid=3:news-home&Itemid=1">"GRAVELAND IS NOT AN NSBM!"</a>. <i>www.graveland.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.graveland.org&rft.atitle=GRAVELAND+IS+NOT+AN+NSBM%21&rft.aulast=Darken&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graveland.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D351%3Agraveland-is-not-an-nsbm%26catid%3D3%3Anews-home%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVesin2015" class="citation web cs1">Vesin, François (2015-05-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/65z348/akitsa-grands-tyrans-interview-black-metal">"Akitsa Are 'Grands Tyrans': An Interview on Their History, Purity in Black Metal, and Squashing NSBM Rumors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Akitsa+Are+%27Grands+Tyrans%27%3A+An+Interview+on+Their+History%2C+Purity+in+Black+Metal%2C+and+Squashing+NSBM+Rumors&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.aulast=Vesin&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2F65z348%2Fakitsa-grands-tyrans-interview-black-metal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/427708580486/10154629159940487">"As well as a person who has many-sided... - Nokturnal Mortum"</a>. <i>Facebook.com</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/nokturnalmortumofficial/posts/10154629159940487">the original</a></span> on 2022-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook.com&rft.atitle=As+well+as+a+person+who+has+many-sided...+-+Nokturnal+Mortum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fnokturnalmortumofficial%2Fposts%2F10154629159940487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2017/08/16/spotify-remove-neo-nazi/">"In Response to Our Article, Spotify Is Removing Neo-Nazi Hate Bands"</a>. <i>Digitalmusicnews.com</i>. 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digitalmusicnews.com&rft.atitle=In+Response+to+Our+Article%2C+Spotify+Is+Removing+Neo-Nazi+Hate+Bands&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalmusicnews.com%2F2017%2F08%2F16%2Fspotify-remove-neo-nazi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke" title="Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke">Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke</a>: <i>White Noise and black metal</i> in: <i>Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity</i> (S. 193–213). New York University Press, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-3124-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-3124-4">0-8147-3124-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Mattias Gardell</a>: <i>Hail Loki! Hail Satan! Hail Hitler! Darkside Asatrú, Satanism and Occult National Socialism</i> in: <i><a href="/wiki/Gods_of_the_Blood" title="Gods of the Blood">Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism</a></i>. (pp. 284–324). Duke University Press, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3071-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3071-7">0-8223-3071-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoynihanSøderlind2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moynihan_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Moynihan (journalist)">Moynihan, Michael</a>; Søderlind, Didrik (2003) [1998]. <i><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground</a></i> (Revised and expanded ed.). Feral House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lords+of+Chaos%3A+The+Bloody+Rise+of+the+Satanic+Metal+Underground&rft.edition=Revised+and+expanded&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=S%C3%B8derlind%2C+Didrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlson2008" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Benjamin Hedge (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411021302/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file%3Faccession%3Dbgsu1206132032%26disposition%3Dinline"><i>I Am the Black Wizards: Multiplicity, Mysticism and Identity in Black Metal Music and Culture</i></a>. Bowling Green State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1206132032&disposition=inline">the original</a> on 2020-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Am+the+Black+Wizards%3A+Multiplicity%2C+Mysticism+and+Identity+in+Black+Metal+Music+and+Culture&rft.pub=Bowling+Green+State+University&rft.date=2008-05&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Hedge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.ohiolink.edu%2F%21etd.send_file%3Faccession%3Dbgsu1206132032%26disposition%3Dinline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+black+metal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_black_metal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christian Dornbusch, Hans-Peter Killguss: <i>Unheilige Allianzen. Black Metal zwischen Satanismus, Heidentum und Neonazismus</i>. Münster, Unrast Verlag, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89771-817-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-89771-817-0">3-89771-817-0</a></li> <li>Johannes Lohmann, Hans Wanders: <i>Evolas Jünger und Odins Krieger – Extrem rechte Ideologien in der Dark-Wave- und Black-Metal-Szene</i> in: Christian Dornbusch, Jan Raabe: <i>RechtsRock – Bestandsaufnahme und Gegenstrategien</i>. (p. 287–311) Hamburg/Münster, Unrast Verlag, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89771-808-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-89771-808-1">3-89771-808-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extreme_metal78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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metal">Black metal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_black_metal" title="Symphonic black metal">symphonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">unblack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">brutal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_death_metal" title="Christian death metal">christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">technical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">Blackened death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">crossover thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">crust punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">death-doom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">funeral doom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">death 'n' roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_metal" title="Drone metal">drone metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">grindcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">goregrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">pornogrind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sludge_metal" title="Sludge metal">sludge metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivative forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Avant-garde metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_synth" title="Dungeon synth">dungeon synth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_metal" title="Groove metal">groove metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_metal" title="Neoclassical metal">neoclassical metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">post-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Australian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_L%C3%A9gions_Noires" title="Les Légions Noires">Les Légions Noires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_thrash_metal" title="Teutonic thrash metal">Teutonic thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_genres" title="Heavy metal genres">heavy metal genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">moshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">New wave of British heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">screaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heavy_metal303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heavy_metal_music" title="Template:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heavy_metal_music" title="Template talk:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heavy_metal_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heavy metal music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heavy_metal303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_genres" title="Heavy metal genres">Subgenres and<br />fusion genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">Alternative metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Avant-garde metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_black_metal" title="Symphonic black metal">Symphonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackened_death_metal" title="Blackened death metal">Blackened death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">Blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_metal" title="Christian metal">Christian metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_death_metal" title="Christian death metal">Christian death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">Unblack metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">Death metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutal_death_metal" title="Brutal death metal">Brutal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_death_metal" title="Melodic death metal">Melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">Technical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathgrind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathgrind">Deathgrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_%27n%27_roll" title="Death 'n' roll">Death 'n' roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-doom" title="Death-doom">Death-doom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_doom" title="Funeral doom">Funeral doom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">Doom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_metal" title="Drone metal">Drone metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">Extreme metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">Funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">Glam metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goregrind" title="Goregrind">Goregrind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore" title="Grindcore">Grindcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_metal" title="Groove metal">Groove metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Latin metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_metal" title="Neoclassical metal">Neoclassical metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_H%C3%A4rte" title="Neue Deutsche Härte">Neue Deutsche Härte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_metal" title="Pirate metal">Pirate metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornogrind" title="Pornogrind">Pornogrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">Post-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">Power metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Progressive metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal">Rap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sludge_metal" title="Sludge metal">Sludge metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoner metal">Stoner metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">Symphonic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_metal" title="Viking metal">Viking metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_bass" title="Heavy metal bass">Bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzz_bass" title="Fuzz bass">Fuzz bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_drumming" title="Heavy metal drumming">Drumming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blast_beat" title="Blast beat">Blast beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbal_choke" title="Cymbal choke">Cymbal choke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_gallop" title="Heavy metal gallop">Gallop drumbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_guitar" title="Heavy metal guitar">Guitar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_solo" title="Guitar solo">Guitar solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_mute" title="Palm mute">Palm muting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_chord" title="Power chord">Power chord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shred_guitar" title="Shred guitar">Shred guitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_lyrics" title="Heavy metal lyrics">Lyrics</a></li> <li>Vocals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming_(music)" title="Screaming (music)">Screaming</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable scenes<br />and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_heavy_metal" title="African heavy metal">African heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_heavy_metal" title="Argentine heavy metal">Argentine heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Australian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_heavy_metal" title="Australian heavy metal">Australian heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_heavy_metal" title="Bangladeshi heavy metal">Bangladeshi heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heavy_metal" title="Canadian heavy metal">Canadian heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_heavy_metal" title="Chinese heavy metal">Chinese heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_death_metal" title="Florida death metal">Florida death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_metal" title="Hungarian metal">Hungarian metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_metal_music" title="Indigenous metal music">Indigenous metal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_metal" title="Japanese metal">Japanese metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_L%C3%A9gions_Noires" title="Les Légions Noires">Les Légions Noires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_American_heavy_metal" title="New wave of American heavy metal">New wave of American heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_British_heavy_metal" title="New wave of British heavy metal">New wave of British heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Norwegian_black_metal_scene" title="Early Norwegian black metal scene">Early Norwegian black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_death_metal" title="Swedish death metal">Swedish death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_thrash_metal" title="Teutonic thrash metal">Teutonic thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_metal" title="Ukrainian metal">Ukrainian metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_bands" title="List of heavy metal bands">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_heavy_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalism in heavy metal">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion" title="Heavy metal fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_festivals" title="List of heavy metal festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headbanging" title="Headbanging">Headbanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture" title="Heavy metal subculture">Heavy metal subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Umlaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Heavy_metal_music" title="Category:Heavy metal music">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_nationalism243" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_nationalism" title="Template:White nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_nationalism" title="Template talk:White nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_nationalism243" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Foundations and<br />related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">Anti-African sentiment </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Anti-Mexican sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_intelligence" title="Race and intelligence">Race and intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">Racism against African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_student_unions" title="White student unions">White student unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_identity" title="White identity">White identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="White separatism">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Wotanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Celtic_cross.svg/80px-Celtic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Celtic_cross.svg/120px-Celtic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Celtic_cross.svg/160px-Celtic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_white_nationalist_organizations" title="List of white nationalist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_Front" title="Blue and White Front">Blue and White Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Comtois" title="Front Comtois">Front Comtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosank" title="Hosank">Hosank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Diversity_Foundation" title="Human Diversity Foundation">Human Diversity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik">Jobbik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noua_Dreapt%C4%83" title="Noua Dreaptă">Noua Dreaptă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Odin" title="Soldiers of Odin">Soldiers of Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorpost" title="Voorpost">Voorpost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Hour_Remnant_Messenger" title="11th Hour Remnant Messenger">11th Hour Remnant Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nationalist_Party_(2017)" title="Canadian Nationalist Party (2017)">Canadian Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European-American_Unity_and_Rights_Organization" title="European-American Unity and Rights Organization">European-American Unity and Rights Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Lobby" title="Liberty Lobby">Liberty Lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_White_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of White People">NAAWP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizens_Alliance" title="National Citizens Alliance">National Citizens Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement" title="Nationalist Movement">Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Canada" title="Nationalist Party of Canada">Nationalist Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Shop" title="Redneck Shop">Redneck Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Order_of_Thule" title="White Order of Thule">White Order of Thule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Front" title="New Zealand National Front">New Zealand National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">South Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">Afrikaner Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Conservative Party (South Africa)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommandokorps" title="Kommandokorps">Kommandokorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Front" title="South African National Front">South African National Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/White_power_music" title="White power music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave#Fashwave" title="Vaporwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Print media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arktos_Media" title="Arktos Media">Arktos Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (publication)">National Vanguard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Radio shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">America First with Nicholas J. Fuentes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:White_nationalism" title="Category:White nationalism">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alt-right115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer" title="Template talk:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alt-right115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Core</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rate_of_natural_increase" title="List of countries by rate of natural increase">Increase in birth rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Large families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Conspiracy <br />theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros#Conspiracy_theories_and_threats" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Great Replacement conspiracy theory">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">Homosexual agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Murder of Seth Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_conspiracy_theory" title="New World Order conspiracy theory">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_(U.S._political_right)" title="Alternative media (U.S. political right)">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">DezNat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">Incel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_Communism" title="MAGA Communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)#Racial_issues" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultraconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_jihad" title="White jihad">White jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Online<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infowars" title="Infowars">Infowars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_News" title="Rebel News">Rebel News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">Reddit (r/The_Donald)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Memes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Beta male</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryballs" title="Countryballs">Countryballs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Merchant" title="Happy Merchant">Happy Merchant</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white" title="It's okay to be white">It's okay to be white</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPC_(meme)" title="NPC (meme)">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK gesture</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill" title="Red pill and blue pill">Red pill and blue pill</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_Death_Squad" title="Right Wing Death Squad">Right Wing Death Squad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serbia_Strong" title="Serbia Strong">Remove Kebab</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shadilay" title="Shadilay">Shadilay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_Doves" title="Trash Doves">Trash Doves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Pride" title="Deplorable Pride">Deplorable Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagolon" title="Diagolon">Diagolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred-Handers_(group)" title="Hundred-Handers (group)">Hundred-Handers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreich" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreich">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_of_Vinland" title="Wolves of Vinland">Wolves of Vinland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">Berkeley protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally" title="End Domestic Terrorism rally">End Domestic Terrorism rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_Walmart_shooting" title="2019 El Paso Walmart shooting">El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman" title="Murder of Timothy Caughman">Murder of Timothy Caughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">Portland train attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys" title="Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys">Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_crimes_involving_the_Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles">Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew "weev" Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Theodore "Vox Day" Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">John Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan" title="Jack Donovan">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py" title="Jean-François Gariépy">Jean-François Gariépy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(influencer)" title="Baked Alaska (influencer)">Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hyde" title="Sam Hyde">Sam Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson" title="Charles C. Johnson">Charles C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Ruuben Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski" title="Tom Kawcyznski">Tom Kawcyznski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Neo-Nazi)" title="Patrick Little (Neo-Nazi)">Patrick Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Loomer" title="Laura Loomer">Laura Loomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_(activist)" title="Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)">Jeremy MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GypsyCrusader" title="GypsyCrusader">Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_Egg_Nationalist" title="Raw Egg Nationalist">Raw Egg Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Ethan Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert" title="Bronze Age Pervert">Bronze Age Pervert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(neo-Nazi)" title="Jack Renshaw (neo-Nazi)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rousseau" title="Thomas Rousseau">Thomas Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Stevens" title="Brett Stevens">Brett Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosh_V" title="Roosh V">Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Lucian Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right" title="Responses to the alt-right">Opposition<br />and<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Ian "Vaush" Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo_Studios" title="Innuendo Studios">Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_(journalist)" title="Robert Evans (journalist)">Robert Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Gorcenski" title="Emily Gorcenski">Emily Gorcenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins" title="Daryle Lamont Jenkins">Daryle Lamont Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Angela Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_(YouTuber)" title="Shaun (YouTuber)">Shaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy Tube">Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Donna Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt-America" title="Alt-America">Alt-America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angry_Goy_II" title="Angry Goy II">Angry Goy II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain" title="Devil's Bargain">Devil's Bargain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feels_Good_Man" title="Feels Good Man">Feels Good Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German" title="I Don't Speak German">I Don't Speak German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_from_Something_Awful" title="It Came from Something Awful">It Came from Something Awful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies" title="Kill All Normies">Kill All Normies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Fight" title="Knowledge Fight">Knowledge Fight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Skinhead106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Skinhead" title="Template:Skinhead"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Skinhead" title="Template talk:Skinhead"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Skinhead" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Skinhead"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Skinhead106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vintage subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rude_boy" title="Rude boy">Rude boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpies_(Australian_subculture)" title="Sharpies (Australian subculture)">Sharpies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooterboy" title="Scooterboy">Scooterboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulboy" title="Soulboy">Soulboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suedehead_(subculture)" title="Suedehead (subculture)">Suedehead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern subcultures<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_hooliganism" title="Football hooliganism">Football hooliganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_skinhead" title="Gay skinhead">Gay skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_skinhead" title="Hardcore skinhead">Hardcore skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Stand_United" title="Friends Stand United">Friends Stand United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peckerwood" title="Peckerwood">Peckerwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas" title="Aryan Brotherhood of Texas">Aryan Brotherhood of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Circle" title="Aryan Circle">Aryan Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Kindred" title="European Kindred">European Kindred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Lowriders" title="Nazi Lowriders">Nazi Lowriders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_No._1_(street_gang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy No. 1 (street gang)">Public Enemy No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Wood_Soldiers" title="Solid Wood Soldiers">Solid Wood Soldiers</a></li> <li>List of peckerwood gangs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redskin_(subculture)" title="Redskin (subculture)">Redskin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Action" title="Red Action">Red Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_and_Anarchist_Skinheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Red and Anarchist Skinheads">Red and Anarchist Skinheads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_skinhead" title="Trojan skinhead">Trojan skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action" title="Anti-Racist Action">Anti-Racist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinheads_Against_Racial_Prejudice" title="Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice">Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_State_Skinheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone State Skinheads">Keystone State Skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinlanders_Social_Club" title="Vinlanders Social Club">Vinlanders Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksfront" title="Volksfront">Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_Tone_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tone (music genre)">2 Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beat_Records" title="Blue Beat Records">Blue Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">Caribbean music in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_revival" title="Mod revival">Mod revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_soul" title="Northern soul">Northern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocksteady" title="Rocksteady">Rocksteady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Records" title="Stax Records">Stax Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_One_(record_label)" title="Studio One (record label)">Studio One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Records" title="Trojan Records">Trojan Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing and accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Industries" title="Alpha Industries">Alpha Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Sherman" title="Ben Sherman">Ben Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">Brogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Jeans" title="Brutus Jeans">Brutus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crombie_(clothing)" title="Crombie (clothing)">Crombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_jacket" title="Donkey jacket">Donkey jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Martens" title="Dr. Martens">Dr. Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">Flat cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">Flight jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Perry_(clothing_label)" title="Fred Perry (clothing label)">Fred Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinders_(footwear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinders (footwear)">Grinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe" title="Slip-on shoe">Loafers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)" title="Lonsdale (clothing)">Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MA-1_bomber_jacket" title="MA-1 bomber jacket">MA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">Sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solovair" title="Solovair">Solovair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">Steel-toe boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothing)">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tredair" title="Tredair">Tredair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilby" title="Trilby">Trilby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_skinhead_books" title="List of skinhead books">Skinhead books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_skinhead_films" title="List of skinhead films">Skinhead films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hooligan_firms" title="List of hooligan firms">Hooligan firms</a></li> <li>Peckerwood gangs</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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