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Урыҫ теле — Википедия

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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Атама_тураһында" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атама_тураһында"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Атама тураһында</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атама_тураһында-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Лингвогеографияһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Лингвогеографияһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Лингвогеографияһы</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Лингвогеографияһы-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Лингвогеографияһы бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Лингвогеографияһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ареалы_һәм_урыҫ_телен_ҡулланыусылар_һаны" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ареалы_һәм_урыҫ_телен_ҡулланыусылар_һаны"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ареалы һәм урыҫ телен ҡулланыусылар һаны</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ареалы_һәм_урыҫ_телен_ҡулланыусылар_һаны-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Социолингвистик_мәғлүмәттәр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Социолингвистик_мәғлүмәттәр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Социолингвистик мәғлүмәттәр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Социолингвистик_мәғлүмәттәр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Төбәк_варианттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Төбәк_варианттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Төбәк варианттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Төбәк_варианттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡатнаш_һәм_яһалма_идиомалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡатнаш_һәм_яһалма_идиомалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Ҡатнаш һәм яһалма идиомалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҡатнаш_һәм_яһалма_идиомалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Урыҫ теле</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 252 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аурыс бызшәа — абхазский" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аурыс бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ — адыгейский" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russies" title="Russies — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил — южноалтайский" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="южноалтайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="መስኮብኛ — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መስኮብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiya_a_Sowal" title="Rosiya a Sowal — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rosiya a Sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Russisc sprǣc — староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الروسية — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="روسية — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="روسى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰুছ ভাষা — ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰুছ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma rusu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀурус мацӀ — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀурус мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiava" title="Rossiava — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossiava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा — авадхи" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_aru" title="Rusi aru — аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusi aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روس دیلی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia — балийский" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sproch" title="Russische Sproch — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosu_kalba" title="Rosu kalba — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruso" title="Ruso — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Расейская мова — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расейская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rus" title="Basa Rus — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Rus" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toktok_Rusia" title="Toktok Rusia — бислама" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Toktok Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রুশ ভাষা — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད། — тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusianeg" title="Rusianeg — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusianeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Rusia" title="Saro Rusia — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Орос хэлэн — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Орос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄ — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Оьрсийн мотт — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оьрсийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hk%C8%AFhehetanetse" title="Náhkȯhehetanetse — шайенский" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Náhkȯhehetanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шайенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕووسی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕووسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa — корсиканский" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili — крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Rusczi jãzëk — кашубский" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rusczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ — церковнославянский" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="церковнославянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вырăс чĕлхи — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вырăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwseg" title="Rwseg — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog) — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Russisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski" title="Ruski — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ruski" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Rusojska rěc — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Rusia" title="Boros Rusia — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ރޫސީ — мальдивский" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдивский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρωσική γλώσσα — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3ss" title="Róss — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Róss" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_lingvo" title="Rusa lingvo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene_keel" title="Vene keel — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان روسی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisinkoore" title="Riisinkoore — фулах" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Riisinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фулах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_kieli" title="Venäjän kieli — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinne_kiil" title="Vinne kiil — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinne kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Russiskt mál — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo" title="Russo — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCsk_spriak" title="Rüsk spriak — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rüsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_russe" title="Lenghe russe — фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe russe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russysk" title="Russysk — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Russysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAisis" title="An Rúisis — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili — гагаузский" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="гагаузский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ris" title="Ris — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ris" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruisis" title="Ruisis — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruisis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rusa" title="Lingua rusa — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="رۊسي زوؤن — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrusia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Rrusiañe&#039;ẽ — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrusiañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooshish" title="Rooshish — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooshish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashanci" title="Rashanci — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rashanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_L%C5%ABkini" title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini — гавайский" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רוסית — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_bhasa" title="Russi bhasa — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Rušćina — верхнелужицкий" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rušćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_ris" title="Lang ris — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang ris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosz_nyelv" title="Orosz nyelv — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orosz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերեն — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերէն — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russe" title="Lingua russe — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua russe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Rusia" title="Jaku Rusia — ибанский" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusitun_uqautchiq" title="Uruusitun uqautchiq — инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusitun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Ruso" title="Pagsasao a Ruso — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Ruso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эрсий мотт — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusa linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ロシア語 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshan_languij" title="Roshan languij — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roshan languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukybau" title="rukybau — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ruslan" title="Basa Ruslan — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ენა — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_tarusit" title="Tutlayt tarusit — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ — кабардинский" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshiya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Roshiya (a̱lyem) — тьяп" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshiya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тьяп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusia" title="Kirusia — конго" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kirusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="конго" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орыс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី — кхмерский" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв — коми-пермяцкий" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермяцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил — карачаево-балкарский" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачаево-балкарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روٗسی زَبان — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_r%C3%BBs%C3%AE" title="Zimanê rûsî — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê rûsî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв — коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russek" title="Russek — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Орус тили — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орус тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Russica" title="Lingua Russica — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Russica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russesch" title="Russesch — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Оьрус маз — лакский" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Оьрус маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="лакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Урус чӀал — лезгинский" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урус чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusce_(lingua)" title="Rusce (lingua) — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ruscia" title="Lengua ruscia — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_rus" title="Lingaz rus — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz rus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ — лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABvu_vol%C5%ABda" title="Krīvu volūda — латгальский" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīvu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="латгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievu_valoda" title="Krievu valoda — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा — майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кяль — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рузонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_rosiana" title="Fiteny rosiana — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rosiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Руш йылме — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABhia" title="Reo Rūhia — маори" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Rusia" title="Bahaso Rusia — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски јазик — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ — манипурский" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रशियन भाषा — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Руш йӹлмӹ — горномарийский" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руш йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="горномарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa — мальтийский" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Russa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальтийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кель — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Рузонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی — мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa — неаполитанский" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Spraak" title="Russische Spraak — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रुसी भाषा — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusum" title="Rusum — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serussian" title="Serussian — северный сото" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Serussian" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="северный сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_bizaad" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad — навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27an_kieli" title="Ven&#039;an kieli — ливвиковский карельский" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven&#039;an kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="ливвиковский карельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уырыссаг æвзаг — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уырыссаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_R%C3%BAso" title="Salitan Rúso — пангасинан" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Rúso" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiano" title="Rusiano — папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusiano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rushan" title="Rushan — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rushan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język rosyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_russa" title="Lenga russa — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga russa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روسي ژبه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_russa" title="Língua russa — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusu_simi" title="Rusu simi — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa — романшский" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романшский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusikani_chhib" title="Rusikani chhib — влашский цыганский" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusikani chhib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="влашский цыганский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_russe" title="Lènga russe — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga russe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Русский язык — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Російскый язык — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Російскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusiya" title="Kirusiya — киньяруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kirusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киньяруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसीभाषा — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रूसीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нуучча тыла — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нуучча тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_russa" title="Limba russa — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba russa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie_leid" title="Roushie leid — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="روسي ٻولي — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1agiella" title="Ruoššagiella — северносаамский" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruoššagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tarusit" title="Tutlayt Tarusit — ташельхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташельхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ruščina — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Rusia" title="Faʻa Rusia — самоанский" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C3%A2kiel%C3%A2" title="Ruošâkielâ — инари-саамский" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruošâkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари-саамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirhashiya" title="Chirhashiya — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ruush" title="Af-Ruush — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ruush" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha ruse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски језик — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusitongo" title="Rusitongo — сранан-тонго" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusitongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="сранан-тонго" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusi" title="Kirusi — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kirusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ruskŏ gŏdka — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ruskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உருசிய மொழி — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="రష్యన్ భాష — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-rusu" title="Lia-rusu — тетум" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-rusu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="тетум" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони русӣ — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони русӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili — туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ruso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi_zyvon" title="Urusi zyvon — талышский" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="талышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Rasia" title="Tok Rasia — ток-писин" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рус теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABtia" title="Reo Rūtia — таитянский" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Орус дыл — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Орус дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Ӟуч кыл — удмуртский" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟуч кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="رۇس تىلى — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Російська мова — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Російська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روسی زبان — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_rusa" title="Łéngua rusa — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua rusa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4n_kel%27" title="Venän kel&#039; — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venän kel&#039;" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga" title="Tiếng Nga — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Rusänapük — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsse_(lingaedje)" title="Rûsse (lingaedje) — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsse (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Орс келн — калмыцкий" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орс келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ნინა — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9" title="רוסיש — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Èdè Rọ́síà — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ — тамазигхтский" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="тамазигхтский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a-g%C3%AD" title="Lō͘-se-a-gí — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiRashiya" title="IsiRashiya — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;oldid=1275869" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;page=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;id=1275869&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D2%25AB_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="2" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Урыҫ теле</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P1846" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/274px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/411px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/548px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Телдең үҙатамаһы</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q7737$A706FD72-A4D1-4623-A46F-899A188F5A6D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1705"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="lang" lang="ru">русский язык‎</span></span></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Илдәр</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рәсәй">Рәсәй</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%94%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="БДБ">БДБ</a> илдәре, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көньяҡ Осетия">Көньяҡ Осетия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония">Эстония</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израиль</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монголия">Монголия</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Шпицберген (был бит юҡ)">Шпицберген</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финляндия">Финляндия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Көнсығыш Европа">Көнсығыш Европа</a> илдәре, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АҠШ">АҠШ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канада</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%A5%D0%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="КХР (был бит юҡ)">КХР</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралия</a>. </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Рәсми хәле</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы"><img alt="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй Федерацияһы</a></span><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Беларусь"><img alt="Беларусь" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Беларусь</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ҡаҙағстан"><img alt="Ҡаҙағстан" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан">Ҡаҙағстан</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ҡырғыҙстан"><img alt="Ҡырғыҙстан" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡырғыҙстан">Ҡырғыҙстан</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Тажикстан"><img alt="Тажикстан" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тажикстан">Тажикстан</a><br /><small>(милләт-ара аралашыу теле)</small><sup id="cite_ref-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Абхазия"><img alt="Абхазия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазия</a><br /><small>(өлөшләтә танылған)</small><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Көньяҡ Осетия"><img alt="Көньяҡ Осетия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көньяҡ Осетия">Көньяҡ Осетия</a><br /><small>(өлөшләтә танылған)</small><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Transnistria_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Днестр буйы">Днестр буйы</a><br /><small>(танылмаған)</small><br /> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Молдова"><img alt="Молдова" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Молдова">Молдова</a>:</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Гагаузия"><img alt="Гагаузия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gagauzia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Гагауз Ери">Гагауз Ери АТО-һы</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B9%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D2%A1%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%B9%D3%99_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Айырйм статусҡа эйә автономиялы территориаль ойошторма Приднестровье (был бит юҡ)">АТО Приднестровье</a></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Румыния"><img alt="Румыния" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румыния">Румыния</a>:</b><br /> </p> <ul><li>Рәт: Тулча һәм Констанца жудецтарының Румыния Коммуналары</li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Норвегия"><img alt="Норвегия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Crimea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡырым Автономиялы Республикаһы">Ҡырым АР</a><br /> <small> (бер-нисә рәсми функциялары)</small></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары"><img alt="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">АҠШ</a>:</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат)">Нью-Йорк штаты</a><br /><small>(һайланма документация<sup id="cite_ref-annews_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annews-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</small></li></ul> <p><b>Халыҡ-ара ойошмадар:</b><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы"><img alt="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы">БМО</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ЮНЕСКО"><img alt="ЮНЕСКО" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/22px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/33px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/44px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО">ЮНЕСКО</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_IAEA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Международное агентство по атомной энергии"><img alt="Международное агентство по атомной энергии" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg/22px-Flag_of_IAEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg/33px-Flag_of_IAEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg/44px-Flag_of_IAEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Международное агентство по атомной энергии (был бит юҡ)">МАГАТЭ</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_WHO.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаклау ойошмаһы"><img alt="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаклау ойошмаһы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_WHO.svg/22px-Flag_of_WHO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_WHO.svg/33px-Flag_of_WHO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_WHO.svg/44px-Flag_of_WHO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ВОЗ (был бит юҡ)">ВОЗ</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_ICAO.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Халыҡ-ара граждандар авиацияһы ойошмаһы"><img alt="Халыҡ-ара граждандар авиацияһы ойошмаһы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_ICAO.svg/22px-Flag_of_ICAO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_ICAO.svg/33px-Flag_of_ICAO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_ICAO.svg/44px-Flag_of_ICAO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ИКАО (был бит юҡ)">ИКАО</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D3%99%D2%AF&amp;wpDestFile=WIPO_2010_logo_ru.gif" class="new" title="Файл:WIPO 2010 logo ru.gif"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="22">Бөтә донъя интеллектуаль милек ойошмаһы</span></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%98%D0%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ВОИС (был бит юҡ)">ВОИС</a></li> <li>Электр элемтәһе халыҡ-ара союзы (МСЭ)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Бөтә донъя метеорология ойошмаһы - Всемирная метеорологическая организация (ВМО)"><img alt="Бөтә донъя метеорология ойошмаһы - Всемирная метеорологическая организация (ВМО)" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ba/thumb/f/fc/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1.png/22px-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ba/thumb/f/fc/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1.png/33px-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ba/thumb/f/fc/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1.png/44px-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%AD%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ЕврАзЭС">ЕврАзЭС</a><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Коллектив именлек килешеүе ойошмаһы - ОДКБ"><img alt="Коллектив именлек килешеүе ойошмаһы - ОДКБ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D3%99%D2%AF&amp;wpDestFile=SCO_logo.svg" class="new" title="Файл:SCO logo.svg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="22">ШОС</span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%9E%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ШОС">ШОС</a><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D3%99%D2%AF&amp;wpDestFile=Secretariat_of_the_Antarctic_Treaty.gif" class="new" title="Файл:Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty.gif"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="22">Антарктика тураһында килешеү серетариаты - Секретариат Договора об Антарктике (СДА)</span></a></span><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:OSCE_logo-ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSCE_logo-ru.svg/22px-OSCE_logo-ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSCE_logo-ru.svg/33px-OSCE_logo-ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/OSCE_logo-ru.svg/44px-OSCE_logo-ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="159" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ОБСЕ">ОБСЕ</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Идара итеүсе ойошма</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92._%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="В. В. Виноградов исемендәге урыҫ теле институты (был бит юҡ)">В. В. Виноградов исемендәге урыҫ теле институты</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Был телдә һөйләшеүселәр һаны</th><td class="" style=""> <p>Туған тел: 170 миллион,<sup id="cite_ref-ignat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /> шуларҙың 130<sup id="cite_ref-lang1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (119<sup id="cite_ref-lang2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) миллионы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="РФ">РФ</a>-һында<br />Икенсе тел: 114 милион (2006)&#160;— 125 миллион<sup id="cite_ref-ignat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />Телде белеүселәр һаны: 300<sup id="cite_ref-ignat_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (295<sup id="cite_ref-lang1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) миллион. </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Телде белеүселәр</th><td class="" style=""> <p>4—8<sup id="cite_ref-ignat_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Телдәрҙең генетик классификацияһы">Классификация</a></th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Донъя телдәре">Категория</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Евразия телдәре">Евразия телдәре</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="noplainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Һинд-европа телдәре">Һинд-европа телдәре</a> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Славян төркөмө (был бит юҡ)">Славян төркөмө</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%81%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Көнсығыш славян төркөмсәһе (был бит юҡ)">Көнсығыш славян төркөмсәһе</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Туғандаш телдәр (был бит юҡ)">Туғандаш телдәр</a>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Украин теле">украин теле</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Белорус теле">белорус теле</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Яҙма (Әлифба)">Әлифба</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-property-id="P282" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Кирил алфавиты">кирил алфавиты</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Урыҫ алфавиты (был бит юҡ)">урыҫ алфавиты</a>)</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Телдәрҙең кодтары">Тел коды</a></th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2#ГОСТ_7.75-97" class="extiw" title="ru:Коды языков">ГОСТ 7.75–97</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="рус 570" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P278">рус 570</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639#Альфа-2" class="extiw" title="ru:ISO 639">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="ru" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P218"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/ru">ru</a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639#Альфа-3" class="extiw" title="ru:ISO 639">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="rus" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P219"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rus">rus</a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639#Альфа-3" class="extiw" title="ru:ISO 639">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="rus" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P220"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rus">rus</a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/16px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/24px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/32px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span> <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">Был телдә Википедия</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks noprint navbar" data-navboxnavigation-link="0" style="text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><span style="word-spacing:0">Шаблон: </span><span><span class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ҡалып:Язык"><span title="Просмотр этого шаблона">просмотр</span></a></span><span class="nv-talk"> &#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып буйынса фекерләшеү:Язык (был бит юҡ)"><span title="Обсуждение этого шаблона">обсуждение</span></a></span><span class="nv-edit"> &#8226; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:EditPage/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Махсус:EditPage/Ҡалып:Язык"><span title="Править этот шаблон">править</span></a></span></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Урыҫ теле</b> (шулай уҡ <b>рус теле</b>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Рус теле">рус.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="ru">русский язык</span></i>)&#160;— рус халҡының милли теле, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы">Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһының</a> 6 рәсми теленең береһе, элекке <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Советтар Союзы">Советтар Союзында</a> һәм Варшава блогында йәшәгән халыҡтарҙың милләт-ара аралашыу сараһы, Башҡортостанда ике рәсми телдең (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Башҡорт теле">башҡорт теле</a> менән бер рәттән) береһе. Һиндевропа тел ғаиләһенә керә. Славян телдәренең көнсығыш төркөмөнә ҡарай. Урыҫ теленең нигеҙе итеп Урта Урыҫ диалекттары алынған. Имләһе&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Кирил алфавиты">кирил алфавиты</a>. </p><p>Донъяла киң таралған телдәрҙең береһе&#160;— һөйләшеүселәр һаны буйынса алтынсы һәм туған теле кеүек белеүселәр һаны буйынса һигеҙенсе урынды биләй<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——391_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев—2012——391-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Шулай уҡ урыҫ теле иң күп таралған славян теле<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> һәм географик яҡтан да туған телдәре кеүек белгәндәр иҫәбе буйынса ла&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европала</a> иң таралған тел<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue-rating-2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-rating-2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Урыҫ теле&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй Федерацияһының</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рәсми теле (был бит юҡ)">рәсми теле</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Белоруссия">Белоруссияла</a> ике дәүләт теленең береһе, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан">Ҡаҙағстандың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡырғыҙстан">Ҡырғыҙстандың</a> һәм башҡа илдәрҙең рәсми телдәренең береһе, Үҙәк <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евразия">Евразияла</a>, Көнсығыш Европала, элекке <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы">Советтар Союзы</a> илдәрендә төп милләт-ара аралашыу теле, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы">БМОның</a> алты эш теленең береһе, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО">ЮНЕСКО</a> һәм башҡа халыҡ-ара ойошмаларының теле<sup id="cite_ref-Филин_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Филин-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444—446_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444—446-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Социолингвистические сведения"><sup><a href="#Социолингвистические_сведения">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рәсәй">Рәсәйҙә</a> урыҫ телен белеүселәр һаны 137,5&#160;млн кеше тәшкил итә (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-ВПН-2010-владение_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ВПН-2010-владение-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Донъяла <a class="mw-selflink selflink">урыҫ телендә</a> барлығы 260 миллионға яҡын кеше һөйләшә (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Голодец_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Голодец-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Ареал и численность"><sup><a href="#Ареал_и_численность">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Рус фонетикаһы йәки фонологик төҙөлөшө 37 тартынҡы фонеманы эсенә алған тарихи үҫеш дауамында ҡатмарлаштырылған системаһы һәм үҙ эсенә 5 йә 6 һуҙынҡы фонема индергән вокализмдың аҙ ҡатмарлаштырылған системаһы менән ҡылыҡһырлана<sup id="cite_ref-Число_фонем_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Число_фонем-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>~ 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>Бынан тыш, һуҙынҡылар системаһында ла, тартынҡылар системаһында ла ҙур аллофон йәки позицион төрлөләнеү күҙәтелә. Атап әйткәндә, баҫымһыҙ позицияла һуҙынҡылар көсһөҙләнә һәм күп кенә осраҡта ҡайһы берҙәрен аныҡ айырып булмай. Урыҫ телендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%AB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Баҫым">баҫым</a>&#160;— үҙгәреүсән, төрлө урында һәм йүгерек<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——453_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——453-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Фонетика и фонология"><sup><a href="#Фонетика_и_фонология">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Морфологик төҙөлөшө буйынса урыҫ теле башлыса флектив тел, синтетик тел. Лексемаларҙың грамматик мәғәнәһе, ҡағиҙә булараҡ, ялғау (флексия) ярҙамында бирелә. Ғәҙәттә һәр флексия бер үк ваҡытта бер нисә мәғәнә бирә. Урыҫ телендә, синтетик формалар менән бер рәттән, шулай уҡ аналитизм эементтарының үҫеше күҙәтелә<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Морфология"><sup><a href="#Морфология">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Урыҫ теленең синтаксисы һүҙҙәр тәртибенең сағыштырмаса ирекле булыуы һәм ябай һөйләмдәрҙең бер компонентлы һәм ике компонентлы структураларының ҡапма-ҡаршы ҡуйылыуы, ҡатмарлы һөйләмдәрҙең өс төрө булыуы, интонацион сараларҙың әүҙем роле менән билдәләнә<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Синтаксис"><sup><a href="#Синтаксис">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Урыҫ теленең лексик составы нигеҙҙә&#160;— төптән килгән үҙ һүҙҙәренән (исконно) тора. Лексик фондты тулыландырыу сараһы&#160;— үҙ моделдәре буйынса һүҙҙәр барлыҡҡа килтереү һәм икенсе телдәрҙән үҙләштереү. Иртә үҙләштнерелгәндәргә сиркәү-славян һүҙҙәре, грек һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Төрки (был бит юҡ)">төрки</a> телдәрҙән индерелгән һүҙҙәр ҡарай. XVIII быуаттан голланд, немец һәм француз үҙләштермәләре, XX быуаттан&#160;— инглиз үҙләштермәләре өҫтөнлөк итә<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Лексика"><sup><a href="#Лексика">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект">диалекттары</a> ике урыҫ наречиеһына: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D3%A9%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Төньяҡ һөйләше (был бит юҡ)">төньяҡ һөйләше</a> һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D3%A9%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Көньяҡ һөйләше (был бит юҡ)">көньяҡ һөйләше</a> төркөмләнә. Ике һөйләш араһында хәҙерге әҙәби урыҫ теленең нигеҙен тәшкил итеүсе күсемле урта урыҫ һөйләше урын алған (локализуются)<sup id="cite_ref-Филин_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Филин-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#Диалекты"><sup><a href="#Диалекты">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Урыҫ теле үҫеше тарихында өс төп осор: урыҫ, белорус һәм украин телдәре өсөн дөйөм боронғо урыҫ теле (VI—XIV быуаттар), иҫке урыҫ һәм бөйөк урыҫ (XIV—XVII быуаттар) һәм милли урыҫ теле осоро (XVII быуат уртаһынан)<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——448—450_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——448—450-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#История языка"><sup><a href="#История_языка">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. Яҙма нигеҙендә иҫке славян кириллицаһы ята<span title="#Письменность и алфавит"><sup><a href="#Письменность_и_алфавит">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p><p>Урыҫ теле тураһындағы фәндәр комплексы лингвистик русистика тип атала<sup id="cite_ref-Филин_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Филин-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span title="#История изучения"><sup><a href="#История_изучения">[⇨]</a></sup></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Атама_тураһында"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0"></span>Атама тураһында</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Атама тураһында бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Атама тураһында бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg/220px-Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg/330px-Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg/440px-Russkiy_iazyk_Azbuka_Burtsov.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>«Русский язык» тигән яҙыу&#160;— Бурцов-Протопопов Василий Фёдорович азбукаһынан (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ">ер</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" title="Ь">ерь</a> Ерок (паерок) менән бирелгән, 1637 йыл</figcaption></figure> <p>«Русский язык» лигвонимы боронғо «Русь» этнонимы һәм топонимы менән тиңләштерелә. Күп кенә тарихи үҙгәрештәр арҡаһында (<i>-о-</i> формалары килеп сығыуы һәм <i>-сс-</i> һымаҡ ике «с» хәрефле булып китеүе менән бәйле) телдең, халыҡтың һәм дәүләттең хәҙергесә атамалары барлыҡҡа килгән: «русский язык», «русские», «Российское государство»<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Төрлө осорҙарҙа «русский» атамаһы менән бер рәттән «российский» һәм «великорусский» лигвонимдары ла ҡулланылған. Тәүгеһе Рустең грек телендәге&#160;— «Россия» атамаһынан, икенсеһе «Великая Русь (Великороссия»)&#160;— «Бөйөк Русь (Рәсәй)» хоронимынан килеп сыҡҡан. «Российский язык» («рәсәй теле») атамаһы XVII быуатта барлыҡҡа килә һәм XVIII быуатта киң тарала, ул атаманы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Михаил Васильевич Ломоносов">Михаил Васильевич&#160;Ломоносов</a> («Российская грамматика») ҡулланған. XIX быуаттың беренсе яртыһында был лингвоним архаик төҫ ала һәм лексик историзмдар рәтенә ҡаратыла<sup id="cite_ref-Дуличенко—2014——326—329_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Дуличенко—2014——326—329-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. «Великорусский» (йәки «великоросский») Кесе Русь, Белая Русь һәм Бөйөк Русте ҡапма-ҡаршы ҡуйыу барлыҡҡа килгәндән һуң ҡулланыла башлай һәм йышыраҡ милли йәки әҙәби телде билдәләү өсөн түгел, бөйөк урыҫтарҙың (великорустар) диалект һөйләшен билдәләү маҡсатында ҡулланыла. XX быуат башында «великорусский» термины әүҙем ҡулланыштан сыға<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Лингвогеографияһы"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Лингвогеографияһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Лингвогеографияһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Лингвогеографияһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ареалы_һәм_урыҫ_телен_ҡулланыусылар_һаны"><span id=".D0.90.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.83.D1.80.D1.8B.D2.AB_.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D2.A1.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.83.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B"></span>Ареалы һәм урыҫ телен ҡулланыусылар һаны</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Ареалы һәм урыҫ телен ҡулланыусылар һаны бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Ареалы һәм урыҫ телен ҡулланыусылар һаны бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Урыҫ теле таралған төп территория&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй Федерацияһы</a>. Бөтә Рәсәй халыҡ иҫәбен алыу (2010) мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәр һаны <span style="white-space: nowrap;">137&#160;495</span> мең кеше (рус телен белеүенә ҡарата бирелгән яуап биреүселәр һанының 99,4&#160;%)<sup id="cite_ref-ВПН-2010-владение_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ВПН-2010-владение-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, шуларҙан з них <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Урыҫтар">урыҫтар</a>&#160;— <span style="white-space: nowrap;">110&#160;804</span> мең кеше<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ҡалаларҙа урыҫ телен 101&#160;млн кеше (99,8&#160;%), ауыл ерендә&#160;— 37&#160;млн кеше (98,7&#160;%) белә. Урыҫ телен туған тел булараҡ <span style="white-space: nowrap;">118&#160;582</span> мең кеше күрһәтте, шуларҙың&#160;— <span style="white-space: nowrap;">110&#160;706</span> меңе урыҫ, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Украиндар">украиндар</a>&#160;— 1456 мең, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Татарҙар">татарҙар</a>&#160;— 1086 мең<sup id="cite_ref-ВПН-2010-родной_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ВПН-2010-родной-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2002 йылғы Бөтә Рәсәй халыҡ иҫәбен алыу мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, 142,6&#160;млн кеше (99,2&#160;%) урыҫ телен белеүен күрһәтте<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Рәсәй Федерацияһынан башҡа, урыҫ теле (урыҫ теленең Рәсәйҙә ҡулланылған төбәк варианттарынан айырмалы) шулай уҡ Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы (СССР) составына ингән ҡайһы бер дәүләттәрҙә киң таралған. Төрлө мәғлүмәттәр буйынса, был илдәрҙә урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәр һаны 52 миллиондан алып (2005) 94 миллион кешегә тиклем (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>2001 йылда үткәрелгән Бөтә Украина халыҡ иҫәбен алыу материалдарына ярашлы, Украиналағы 7994 мең кеше урыҫ туған теле тип үҙенең милли телен&#160;— урыҫ телен атаны<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, шулай уҡ урыҫ телен туған тел тип 6280 мең Украинала йәшәүсе башҡа этнос вәкилдәре атаны (шуларҙан 5545 мең кеше&#160;— украиндар)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>; урыҫ телен туған телем тип күрһәткәндәрҙән тыш <span style="white-space: nowrap;">17&#160;177</span> мең кеше был телдә иркен аралашыуын белдергән<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан">Ҡаҙағстанда</a>, 2009 йылда үткән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу">халыҡ иҫәбен алыу</a> мәғлүмәттәренә ярашлы, урыҫ телен туған тел тип 3747 мең кеше (98,8&#160;%) атаны, бынан тыш, Ҡаҙағстанда йәшәүсе төрлө милләт халҡының 15 йәшлектәр категорияһынан башлап бер өлөшө урыҫ һөйләшеү телен аңлауын белдерҙе&#160;— <span style="white-space: nowrap;">11&#160;471</span> мең кеше (94,4&#160;%), иркен уҡый&#160;— <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10&#160;725</span> мең кеше (88,2&#160;%) һәм иркен яҙа ала&#160;— <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10&#160;309</span> мең кеше(84,8&#160;%)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстанда</a> урыҫ телен белеүселәр һаны 3,6 миллиондан алып (2005) 11,8 миллионға тиклем (2009—2012) баһалана, һәм бында 1,1&#160;млн самаһы урыҫ халҡы йәшәй<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Белоруссияла 2009 йылда үткән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу">халыҡ иҫәбен алыу</a> мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, урыҫ телен туған тел тип 3948 кеше иҫәпләй (шуларҙан 2944 мең кеше этнк белорус һәм 756 меңе туған телендә аралашҡан урыҫтар); Урыҫ телен өйҙә һөйләшкән тел тип 6673 мең кеше (шуларҙан 5552 меңе белорустар һәм 758 меңе урыҫтар); Урыҫ телен, иркен аралаша алған икенсе телем, тип 1305 мең кеше атаны<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡырғыҙстан">Ҡырғыҙстанда</a> 2009 йылда үткән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу">халыҡ иҫәбен алыу</a> мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, урыҫ телен туған теле кеүек белеүселәр һаны 482 мең кеше, урыҫ телен, икенсе аралашыу теле булараҡ, 2109 мең кеше ҡуллана, барлығы&#160;— 2592 мең кеше йә ил халҡының 48&#160;%<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Молдавияла 2004 йылда үткән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу">халыҡ иҫәбен алыу</a> мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, 201 мең этник урыҫтың 97,2%-ы, 31,8&#160;% из 282 мең украиндың 31,8%-ы, 147 мең гагауздың 5,8%-ы, 2,5&#160;% из 2565 мең молдавандың 2,5%-ы туған тел тп атаны. Молдавияның барлығы 3383 мең халҡының 16,0%-ы урыҫ телен көндәлек аралашыу теле тип атаны<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвияла</a> 2011 йылда үткән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу">халыҡ иҫәбен алыу</a> һөҙөмтәләре буйынса урыҫ телен көндәлек аралашыу теле тип 699 мең кеше, шул иҫәптән 460 мең урыҫ халҡы, 90 мең латыш һәм 54 мең белорус<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу йомғаҡтары һәм баһалау мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, Рәсәйҙән ситтә ятҡан элекке совет республикалары территорияларында 2009—2012 йылдарҙа урыҫтар һаны<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Ruslangsup2001.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ruslangsup2001.PNG/330px-Ruslangsup2001.PNG" decoding="async" width="330" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ruslangsup2001.PNG/495px-Ruslangsup2001.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ruslangsup2001.PNG/660px-Ruslangsup2001.PNG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a>&#160;— Рәсәйҙән ҡала, донъяла халҡы урыҫ телендә аралашҡан икенсе ил (төбәктәр буйынса урыҫ телен туған теле тип атаусылар өлөшө, 2001)</figcaption></figure> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px">Илдәр</th> <th>барлығы<br /> (мең кеше)</th> <th>туған теле<br /> (тыс. чел.) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a> телдәре</td> <td>36 800</td> <td>12 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан">Ҡаҙағстан</a> телдәре</td> <td>13 500</td> <td>2500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстан</a> телдәре</td> <td>11 800</td> <td>900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Белоруссия">Белоруссия</a> телдәре</td> <td>8992</td> <td>3948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әзербайжан">Әзербайжан</a> телдәре</td> <td>4900</td> <td>140 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡырғыҙстан">Ҡырғыҙстан</a> телдәре</td> <td>2700</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тажикстан">Тажикстан</a> телдәре</td> <td>2500</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузия</a> телдәре</td> <td>2400</td> <td>67,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әрмәнстан">Әрмәнстан</a> телдәре</td> <td>2100</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a> телдәре</td> <td>1800</td> <td>680 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Молдавия">Молдавия</a> телдәре</td> <td>1700</td> <td>250 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a> телдәре</td> <td>1300</td> <td>180 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония">Эстония</a> телдәре</td> <td>950</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төркмәнстан">Төркмәнстан</a> телдәре</td> <td>900</td> <td>150 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Молдавия Республикаһы (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Приднестровье">Приднестровье</a>) телдәре</td> <td>500</td> <td>300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазия</a> телдәре</td> <td>450</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көньяҡ Осетия">Көньяҡ Осетия</a> телдәре</td> <td>50</td> <td>25 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Урыҫ телендә бик күп һөйләшеүселәр алыҫ сит илдәрҙә&#160;— Европа дәүләттәрендә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">АҠШ</a>-та, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канадала</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израиль</a> дәүләтендә һәм бик күп башҡа илдәрҙә йәшәй<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Урыҫ телен туған тел булараҡ таныған халыҡтың күпселеге АҠШ-та (730 мең кеше, 2000) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германияла</a> (350 меңдән артыҡ кеше, 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Урыҫ телен туған теле кеүек белеүселәр һаны донъяла 166,2&#160;млн кеше (2015) менән<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_2015_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue_2015-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, урыҫ телен икенсе тел тип атаусылар һаны 110&#160;млн кеше тип (2009) баһалана<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_2009_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue_2009-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, төрлө баһа буйынса, урыҫ телендә һөйләшкән кешеләрҙең дөйөм һаны 260&#160;млн кеше (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Голодец_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Голодец-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Рәсәйҙән һәм башҡа республик СССР республикаларынан тыш, 2010 йылға Көнсығыш Европала һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Балҡан ярымутрауы">Балҡан ярымутрауында</a>&#160;— 12,9&#160;млн кеше, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Көнбайыш Европа">Көнбайыш Европала</a>&#160;— 7,3&#160;млн, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Азия">Азияла</a>&#160;— 2,7&#160;млн, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Яҡын Көнсығыш">Яҡын Көнсығышта</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Төньяҡ Африка">Төньяҡ Африкала</a>&#160;— 1,3&#160;млн, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африкала</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сахара">Сахаранан</a> көньяҡҡараҡ&#160;— 0,1&#160;млн, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Латин Америкаһы">Латин Америкаһында</a>&#160;— 0,2&#160;млн, АҠШ-та, Канадала, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралияла</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Яңы Зеландия">Яңы Зеландияла</a>&#160;— 4,1&#160;млн кеше урыҫ телен белгән<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Халҡы урыҫ телен туған теле, икенсе йәки сит ил теле булараҡ иң күп дәрәжәлә белгән (2010) алыҫ сит илдәр<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg/220px-Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg/330px-Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg/440px-Storefront_of_NY_Central_Pharmacy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption>Брайтон-Бич районында урыҫ телендә яҙылған алтаҡта, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Нью-Йорк">Нью-Йорк</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px">Илдәр</th> <th>дөйөм һаны<br /> (мең кеше)</th> <th>халыҡтар араһында өлөшө<br />илдәр,&#160;%-тарҙа </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a> телдәре</td> <td>5500</td> <td>14,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> телдәре</td> <td>5400</td> <td>6,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АҠШ">АҠШ</a> телдәре</td> <td>3500</td> <td>1,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария">Болгария</a> телдәре</td> <td>2000</td> <td>27,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехия</a> телдәре</td> <td>2000</td> <td>19,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия">Сербия</a> телдәре</td> <td>1400</td> <td>19,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия">Словакия</a> телдәре</td> <td>1300</td> <td>24,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монголия">Монголия</a> телдәре</td> <td>1200</td> <td>45,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израиль</a> телдәре</td> <td>1000</td> <td>13,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы">Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы</a> телдәре</td> <td>700</td> <td>0,05 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Таралыу дәрәжәһе исемлегендә (тел белгән кешеләрҙең дөйөм һаны буйынса) 2013 йылға урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле">инглиз теленән</a> (1500 млн), <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ҡытай теле">ҡытай теленән</a> (1400 млн), <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Һинди">һинди</a>/<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урду теле">урду</a> (600 миллиондан күберәк), <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Испан теле">испан теленән</a> (500 млн) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ғәрәп теле">ғәрәп теленән</a> (350 млн) ҡала 6-сы урынды биләй. 2018 йылда урыҫ теле, теге йәки был телдә һөйләшеүселәр өсөн туған тел тип һаналған телдәр араһында, ҡытай, испан, инглиз, ғәрәп, һинди, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бенгал теле">бенгал</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Португал теле">португал</a> телдәренән ҡалышып, донъяла 8-се урында тора<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue-rating-2018_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-rating-2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Социолингвистик_мәғлүмәттәр"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BE.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D3.99.D2.93.D0.BB.D2.AF.D0.BC.D3.99.D1.82.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Социолингвистик мәғлүмәттәр</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Социолингвистик мәғлүмәттәр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Социолингвистик мәғлүмәттәр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1991 йылға тиклем урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы">СССР</a>-ҙа, де-факто рәсми (дәүләт теле) тел функцияһын үтәп, милләт-ара аралашыу теле булып һанала ине. Элек СССР составына ингән илдәрҙә урыҫ теле хәҙер ҙә: күпселек халыҡ&#160;— туған тел булараҡ, илдең бөтә халҡы&#160;— милләт-ара аралашыу теле булараҡ файҙалана<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Хәҙерге ваҡытта урыҫ теле Рәсәйҙә һәм дөйөм алғанда постсовет яҫылығындағы күп илдәрҙә һәм төбәк территорияларында рәсми статусҡа эйә. Урыҫ теле статусы законлы раҫланған күп кенә илдәрҙә лә, титул милләт телдәре менән сағыштырғанда, урыҫ теленең функциялары сикләнгән хәлдә<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/440px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/660px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/880px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Донъяла урыҫ теле рәсми функциялар үтәгән илдәр һәм төбәк территорияларының исемлеге</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/440px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/660px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg/880px-Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Russophone_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Таралыу ареалы</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй Федерацияһы</a> Конституцияһына (1993) һәм «Рәсәй Федерацияһының дәүләт теле тураһында» законына (2005) ярашлы, бөтә ил территорияһында урыҫ теле дәүләт теле булып тора. Ул Рәсәйҙең сәйәси, иҡтисади, ижтимағи һәм мәҙәни тормошоноң бөтә өлкәләрендә ҡулланыла, рәсәй мәктәптәрендә һәм юғары уҡыу йорттарында уҡытыу урыҫ телендә алып барыла. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика">Республикаларҙа</a>&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй Федерацияһы</a> субъекттарында урыҫ теле был республикаларҙың титул телдәре менән бер рәттән шулай уҡ дәүләт теле статусына эйә<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Белоруссия">Белоруссияла</a> (белорус теле менән бер рәттән) дәүләт теле тип һанала<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, өлөшләтә танылған <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көньяҡ Осетия">Көньяҡ Осетияла</a> (осетин теле менән бер рәттән)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> танылыу алмаған Приднестровье Молдавия Республикаһында (молдаван һәм украин теле менән бер рәттән)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, Донецк Халыҡ Республикаһында<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> һәм Луганск Халыҡ Республикаһында<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан">Ҡаҙағстанда</a> дәүләт учреждениеларының рәсми теле (ләкин статусы буйынса дәүләт теленән түбәнерәк)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, Ҡырғыҙстанда<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> һәм өлөшләтә танылған <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Абхазия Республикаһы">Абхазия Республикаһында</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әрмәнстан">Әрмәнстанда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польшала</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Молдавия">Молдавияның</a> ҡайһы бер административ берәмектәрендә (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Гагауз Ери">Гагауз Ери</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегияла</a> (Шпицберген)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румыния">Румынияла</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украинала</a> урыҫ теле төбәк теле йәки милли аҙсылыҡ теле тип иғлан ителгән<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Күп илдәрҙә һәм территорияларҙа урыҫ теле, рәсми тел булмаһа ла, күпмелер кимәлдә ҡайһы бер йәмәғәт функцияһын үтәй. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тажикстан">Тажикстанда</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Тажикстан Конституцияһы (был бит юҡ)">Тажикстан Конституцияһына</a> ярашлы, урыҫ теле «милләт-ара аралашыу теле» тип танылған һәм рәсми рәүештә закон сығарыу эшендә ҡулланыла<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстанда</a> урыҫ теле <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%90%D0%93%D0%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗАГС (был бит юҡ)">ЗАГС</a> һәм нотариаль органдарҙа ҡулланыла<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">Америка Ҡушма Штаттарының</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Йорк (штат)">Нью-Йорк</a> штатының ҡайһы бер округтарында һайлау менән бәйле ҡайһы бер документтар урыҫ теленә тәржемә ителергә тейеш<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Израилдә дарыу төргәктәрендә препарат тураһында <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит">иврит</a> телендә генә түгел, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">урыҫ телендә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ғәрәп теле">ғәрәп телендә</a> тәфсилле мәғлүмәт булыуы мотлаҡ һанала<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden,_1964_(cropped)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden%2C_1964_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/170px-Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden%2C_1964_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden%2C_1964_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/255px-Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden%2C_1964_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden%2C_1964_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/340px-Yuri_Gagarin_in_Sweden%2C_1964_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин">Юрий Алексеевич&#160;Гагарин</a> 1961 йылдың 12 апрелендә «<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA-1" title="Восток-1">Восток-1»</a> йыһан карабы бортынан Ер шарынан ситтә кешелектең беренсе һүҙҙәрен урыҫ телендә әйтте</figcaption></figure> <p>Урыҫ теле халыҡ-ара берлектәр һәм ойошмаларҙың рәсми йә эш теле, улар араһында: <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы">Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһының</a> һәм БМО-ның ҡайһы бер махсуслашҡан учреждениеларының теле<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, шулай уҡ Бойондороҡһоҙ Дәүләттәр Берлеге (БДБ), Коллектив Именлек тураһында Килешеү Ойошмаһы (ОДКБ), Евразия иҡтисади союзы (ЕАЭС), Шанхай хеҙмәттәшлек ойошмаһы (ШОС), Европа именлеге һәм хеҙмәттәшлеге буйынса ойошма (ОБСЕ), Ҡыҙыл Тәре һәм Ҡыҙыл Ярымай ойошмаларының Халыҡ-ара федерацияһы (МФОКК һәм КП), <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%A3%D0%90%D0%9C" title="ГУАМ">ГУАМ</a> һ. б. </p><p>Урыҫ теле рәсми статус алған дәүләттәрҙә генә ҡулланылмай. Ул донъяның бик күп илдәрендә сағыштырмаса киң таралған. Үҫешкән халыҡ-ара телдәрҙең береһе булараҡ, урыҫ теле халыҡ-ара аралашыуҙың төрлө өлкәләрендә ҡулланыла, айырып әйткәндә, «фән теле» йәки төрлө илдәр ғалимдарының коммуникация сараһы һәм дөйөм кешелек белемен кодлаштырыу һәм һаҡлау сараһы булараҡ та сығыш яһай<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Урыҫ телендә бай, оригиналь, нәфис ғилми һәм техник әҙәбиәт булдырылған, донъя мәҙәниәте һәм фәне тыуҙырған асыштарҙың күпселеге урыҫ теленә тәржемә ителгән<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. «Index Translationum» тәржемәләр реестры электрон базаһы мәғлүмәттәре буйынса, урыҫ теле тәржемәлә иң әүҙем ҡулланылған тел булып тора. Китаптар тәржемә ителгән телдәр араһында урыҫ теле&#160;— 7-се урында. Иң тәржемә ителгшән телдәр араһында урыҫ теле&#160;— 4-се урында<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. 2013 йылда урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Интернет">Интернеттың</a> популяр телдәре араһында 2-се урын биләне<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Урыҫ теленең таралыуына урыҫ телле илдәрҙең сәйәси роле лә, урыҫ теле менән бәйле урыҫ мәҙәниәтенең, тәү сиратта XIX быуат урыҫ әҙәбиәтенең, әһәмиәтлелеге лә ярҙам итә. Донъяның күп илдәрендә урыҫ теле урта һәм юғары белем программаларына сит ил теле булараҡ индерелә. 1967 йылдан урыҫ телен уҡытыуҙы, 200-гә яҡын коллектив ағзаны (русистарҙың милли союздары, эре университеттар һ. б.) үҙ эсенә алған Урыҫ теле һәм әҙәбиәте уҡытыусыларының халыҡ-ара ассоциацияһы көйләй (координирует). 1973 йылда А.&#160;С.&#160;Пушкин исемендәге Дәүләт урыҫ теле институты&#160;— урыҫ телен һәм мәҙәниәтен сит илдәрҙә таратыу маҡсатын ҡуйған мөһим уҡыу һәм фәнни-тикшеренеү үҙәге булдырылды. 1980-се йылдарҙа урыҫ теле СССР биләмәләренән ситтә донъяның 90-дан артыҡ илендә 22—24 миллион уҡыусы, студент һәм башҡалар (тәү сиратта Көнсығыш Европа илдәрендә) өйрәнде. Урыҫ телен туған, туған тел түгел йәки сит ил теле итеп төрлөсә кимәлдә 500 миллиондан ашыу кеше өйрәнде. XX быуат ахырында&#160;— XXI быуат башында донъялағы геосәйәси үҙгәрештәр һөҙөмтәһендә урыҫ телен туған тел түгел йә сит ил теле булараҡ өйрәнеүселәр һаны күпкә кәмеүе күҙәтелә. 1990-сы йылдарҙа Рәсәй һәм постсовет яҫылығы сиктәренән тыш урыҫ телен өйрәнеүселәр һаны 10—12&#160;млн кеше тип баһаланды<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>XXI быуатта урыҫ теле урыҫ теле донъяла ғына түгел, Рәсәйҙә лә үҙенең позицияларын юғалта бара<sup id="cite_ref-Падение_статуса_русского_языка_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Падение_статуса_русского_языка-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Элекке СССР илдәрендә урыҫ теле титуллы милләттәр телдәре (был процеста урыҫ милләтлеләрҙең эмиграцияға сығыу, депопуляция һәм милли идентификацияһын алмаштырыуы сәбәпле, 1991 йылдан 2006 йылға саҡлы 25—30 миллиондан 17&#160;млн кешегә кәмеүе) менән ҡыҫырыҡлана<sup id="cite_ref-Падение_статуса_русского_языка_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Падение_статуса_русского_языка-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, ә Рәсәйҙә урыҫ телен ҡулланыу урыҫ халҡының һаны кәмеүе арҡаһында һәм Рәсәй Федерацияһындағы дөйөм демографик көрсөк сәбәпле ҡыҫҡара<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Фаразлауҙар буйынса, Рәсәйҙә урыҫ телен белеүселәр һаны 2025 йылға 110&#160;млн кешегә, донъяла&#160;— 215&#160;млн кешегә тиклем, 2050 йылға донъяла&#160;— 130&#160;млн кешегә кәмейәсәк<sup id="cite_ref-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——431_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев—2012——431-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ер шары халҡы араһында 1900—2010 йылдарҙа урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәрҙең сағыштырма күрһәткесе (баһа)<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——387_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев—2012——387-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Йылдар</th> <th>Донъялағы халыҡтың дөйөм һаны, млн кеше</th> <th>Рәсәй империяһы, СССР халҡы һаны, РФ, млн кеше</th> <th>Донъялағы бөтә халыҡтың һанына ҡарата өлөшө,&#160;%</th> <th>Урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәр һаны, млн кеше</th> <th>Донъялағы бөтә халыҡтың һанына ҡарата өлөшө,&#160;% </th></tr> <tr> <td>1900</td> <td>1 650</td> <td>138,0</td> <td>8,4</td> <td>105</td> <td>6,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914</td> <td>1 782</td> <td>182,2</td> <td>10,2</td> <td>140</td> <td>7,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940</td> <td>2 342</td> <td>205,0</td> <td>8,8</td> <td>200</td> <td>7,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>4 434</td> <td>265,0</td> <td>6,0</td> <td>280</td> <td>6,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>5 263</td> <td>286,0</td> <td>5,4</td> <td>312</td> <td>5,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td>6 400</td> <td>144,1</td> <td>2,3</td> <td>278</td> <td>4,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>6 820</td> <td>142,9</td> <td>2,1</td> <td>260</td> <td>3,8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Донъяның күп кенә илдәрендә урыҫ телен ҡулланыуға урыҫ телле диаспора ярҙам итә. Элекке СССР илдәренән сыҡҡан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эмигрант (был бит юҡ)">эмигранттарҙың</a> компакт йәшәү урындарында (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канада</a>, США, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, Израиль һ. б. илдәр) урыҫ телендә матбуғат баҫыла, радиостанциялар һәм телевизион каналдар эшләй<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——234—237,_271—272,_302,_326,_363—364_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев—2012——234—237,_271—272,_302,_326,_363—364-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, урыҫ телле шәхси милектәге балалар баҡсалары һәм мәктәптәр, рәсәй юғвры уҡыу йорттары филиалдары һ. б. дөйөм белем биреү структуралары эшләй<sup id="cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——257—259,_285—288,_313—319,_328—331,_369—370_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Арефьев—2012——257—259,_285—288,_313—319,_328—331,_369—370-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәр диаспораһы араһында йыш ҡына билингвизм (ике теллелек) таралған. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Moscow,_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Moscow%2C_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG/220px-Moscow%2C_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Moscow%2C_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG/330px-Moscow%2C_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Moscow%2C_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG/440px-Moscow%2C_Volkhonka_Street_18-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Рәсәй Фәндәр Академияһының В.&#160;В.&#160;Виноградов исемендәге Урыҫ теле институты</figcaption></figure> <p>Хәҙерге заман милли урыҫ теле бер нисә формала йәшәй. Иң әһәмиәтле формаһы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%98%D2%99%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Әҙәби тел (был бит юҡ)">әҙәби тел</a>. Территориаль һәм социаль <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект">диалекттар</a>, шулай уҡ ябай һөйләү теле (просторечие) аҙыраҡ әһәмиәткә эйә. Урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәрҙең төркөмдәренә, урыҫ фонетикаһы һәм грамматикаһының системаһы етерлек яҡын булғанлыҡтан, шулай уҡ дөйөм төп урыҫ лексикаһы (һүҙлек фонды) менән берләшкәнлектән, уларға бер-береһен аңлау ҡатмарлы түгел. Әҙәби урыҫ теле <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү">Мәскәү</a> һәм уның тирә-яғындағы урта һөйләштәре нигеҙендә формалашҡан. Уның ике төрө, яҙма һәм ябай һөйләү стиле айырыла. Хәҙерге әҙәби урыҫ теле үҙенең төп һыҙаттарына XIX быуаттың беренсе яртыһында эйә булды, әҙәби тел нормалары асыҡ һәм тулы <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Александр Сергеевич Пушкин">Александр Сергеевич&#160;Пушкиндың</a> әҙәби эшмәкәрлегендә асыҡ һәм тулы сағылыш тапты. Артабан стандарт урыҫ теле XIX—XX быуат олпат урыҫ яҙыусылары ижады, шулай уҡ урыҫ фәне һәм публицистикаһының етлегеүе арҡаһында үҫеште. XX быуатта әҙәби урыҫ теле юғары үҫешкән һәм юғары нормаға һалынған тел һыҙаттарын ҡабул итә. Дөйөм белем биреү таралыуы һәм киң мәғлүмәт сараларының роле үҫеүе арҡаһында әҙәби тел урыҫ теленең бөтә башҡа формаларын ҡыҫырыҡлап сығарҙы һәм урыҫ милләтенең алдынғы аралашыу сараһына әйләнде<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1944 йылда нигеҙ һалынған Рәсәй Фәндәр Академияһының В.&#160;В.&#160;Виноградов исемендәге Урыҫ теле институты урыҫ телен фәнни тикшереү үҙәге булып тора. Институттың фәнни эшмәкәрлеге өлкәһенә лингвистик русистиканың бөтә йүнәлештәре лә, шул иҫәптән грамматикалар һәм Урыҫ теленең һүҙлектәрен булдырыу индерелгән. Ғилми иткшеренеүҙәр предметы булараҡ, урыҫ теле күп рәсәй һәм сит ил фән һәм мәғариф учреждениелары программаларына индерелгән<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Рәсәй сиктәренән башҡа университет русистикаһы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Францияла</a> (XIX быуат ахырынан) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бөйөк Британия">Бөйөк Британияла</a> (XX быуат башынан) иң оҙон ғүмерле традицияға эйә. Русистика милли мәктәптәре Польшала, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехияла</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария">Болгарияла</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германияла</a>, Норвегияла, Францияла, АҠШ-та, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канадала</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Японияла</a> һ. б. илдәрҙә барлыҡҡа килде<sup id="cite_ref-Филин,_Колесов,_Хелимский_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Филин,_Колесов,_Хелимский-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Төбәк_варианттары"><span id=".D0.A2.D3.A9.D0.B1.D3.99.D0.BA_.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Төбәк варианттары</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Төбәк варианттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Төбәк варианттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Урыҫ теленең теге йәки был төбәктә таралыуы төрлө сәбәптәр арҡаһында урыҫ әҙәби теленең ябай һөйләү норматив вариантынан айырылып торған урындағы һөйләш төрҙәре формалашыуы билдәләнә. </p><p>Шундай локаль төрҙәр сифатында тәү сиратта Рәсәйҙән ситтә йәшәүсе урыҫ телмәренең урыҫ телендә һөйләшеүселәргә хас булған айырым үҙенсәлектәре билдәләнә<sup id="cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ҡайһы бер тикшеренеүселәр был төрҙәрҙе урыҫ теленең төбәк варианттары (икенсе төрлө&#160;— территориаль койне) тип билдәләй. Һуңғы ваҡытта улар постсовет яҫылығында&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Белоруссия">Белоруссияла</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украинала</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан">Ҡаҙағстанда</a> һ. б.&#160;— теге йәки был дәүләттә урыҫ телмәренә титул этностарҙың фонетик, грамматик, лексик һ. б. үҙенсәлектәре йоғонто яһаған шарттарҙа әүҙем үҫешә. Урыҫ телмәре шулай уҡ алыҫ сит илдәрҙә йәшәгән эмигранттар диаспораларында ошоға оҡшаш койне төрөндә ҡулланыла<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Телдәрҙең үҙ-ара контакттары, урындағы урыҫ диалекттарының йоғонтоһо, тарихи, иҡтисади һәм социаль характерлы төбәк үҙенсәлектәре, шулай уҡ башҡа факторҙа р Рәсәй территорияһындағы төрлө өлкәләрҙә «төбәксә үҙгәртелгән телмәр» (пермь, алыҫ көнсығыш, дағстан һ. б.) барлыҡҡа килтерә. Уларҙы «төбәк вариант» йәки «региолект» термины менән атау тәҡдим ителә<sup id="cite_ref-Оглезнева_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Оглезнева-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Әҙәби урыҫ теленең яҙма формаһында төбәк варианттары юҡ. Шул уҡ ваҡытта XX—XXI быуаттарҙа барлыҡҡа килгән урыҫ телендә ижад ителгән сит ил урыҫ әҙәбиәте, бай нәфис әҙәбиәт, әҙәби тел йәшәйешенең айырым өлкәһе сифатында ҡарала<sup id="cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ҡатнаш_һәм_яһалма_идиомалар"><span id=".D2.A0.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.88_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BC.D0.B0_.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Ҡатнаш һәм яһалма идиомалар</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Ҡатнаш һәм яһалма идиомалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Ҡатнаш һәм яһалма идиомалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Урыҫ теле төрлө пиджиндар һәм телмәрҙең ҡатнаш формаларын барлыҡҡа килтереүгә нигеҙ булып тора. </p><p>Урыҫ теленә таянып барлыҡҡа килгән тикшерелгән пиджиндар булып руссенорск, йәғни таймыр һөйләшсәһе (говорка) һәм кяхта пиджины тора. Беренсеһе Кольский ярымутрауында тарала һәм урыҫ телендә һәм норвег телендә һөйләшеүселәрҙең контакттары һөҙөмтәһендә, икенсеһе Таймырҙа йәшәгән тундралашҡан урыҫ крәҫтиәндәренең, нганасандарҙың һәм долгандарҙың аралашыу сараһы булараҡ, өсөнсөһө Байкал аръяғында аръяғында урыҫ теле һәм ҡытай теле элементтары нигеҙендә формалашҡан<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Медный утрауындағы алеуттар араһында таралған алеут-медный теле иң билдәлеһе тип һанала<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ҡатнаш һөйләү телмәренең айырым формаһы тип <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украинаның</a> көнсығыш, көньяҡ-көнсығыш һәм үҙәк өлкәләрендә, бигерәк тә ҡалаларҙа (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Запорожье">Запорожье</a>, Донецк күмер бассейны (Донбасс), Кривой Рог, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса">Одесса</a>), шулай уҡ <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Ҡырым">Ҡырымда</a> күҙәтелгән "суржик"ты һәм Белоруссиялағы "трасянка"ны атарға була. Бындай формалар башлыса урыҫ лексикаһының башлыса украин йә белорус фонетикһы һәм грамматикаһы менән ҡатнашыуы һөҙөмтәһендә барлыҡҡа килгән<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Шулай уҡ йәһүд теле идиш йоғонтоһонан барлыҡҡа килгән <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса">Одесса</a> ҡалаһы урыҫ теленең характерлы үҙенсәлектәрен билдәләр кәрәк. Одесса урыҫ теленең һыҙаттарын әҙәби әҫәрҙәрҙә һәм кинематографта файҙаланыу уға киң танылыу алып килде. Тикшеренеүселәр уны урыҫ теленең төбәк варианты тип тә, ҡатнаш тел тип тә ҡарай<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09/russian/">В Таджикистане русскому языку вернули прежний статус</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mail.ru/politics/44609360/?frommail=1">В Молдавии восстановили статус русского как языка межэтнического общения. Сайт mail.ru - Новости, 18 декабря 2020 года</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 27 сентябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927161248/https://news.mail.ru/politics/44609360/?frommail=1">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 18&#160;декабрь&#160;2020)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annews-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-annews_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="ru"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annews.ru/news/detail.php?ID=190830">Русский язык стал официальным языком в штате Нью-Йорк</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке урыҫ теле">(урыҫ)</span></span>.&#32;АНН news&#32;(11 август 2009).&#32;<small>Дата обращения: 7 декабрь 2009.</small>&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/616OHc9Mg">Архивировано</a> 21 август 2011 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ignat-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ignat_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ignat_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ignat_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ignat_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/worldlang.htm">Languages of the World (Charts)</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2008 йыл 14 октябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014023327/http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/worldlang.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lang1_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lang1_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema05.php">Демоскоп Weekly&#160;— Сколько людей говорят и будут говорить по-русски?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lang2_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ng.ru/scenario/2007-05-29/11_hope.html">Независимая газета&#160;— Геополитический потенциал Русского мира</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/languages_spoken_by_more_than_10_million_people.html">Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People (Языки, на которых говорят более 10 миллионов человек) по данным энциклопедии &#91;&#91;Encarta&#93;&#93;</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="&#123;&#123;&#123;2&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(недоступная ссылка&#160;— <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/*/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/languages_spoken_by_more_than_10_million_people.html"><i>история</i></a>)</span>.&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013011437361">Архивировано</a> 31 октябрь 2009 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2009 йыл 29 октябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029104855/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/languages_spoken_by_more_than_10_million_people.html">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Арефьев—2012——391-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——391_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFАрефьев2012">Арефьев, 2012</a>, с. 391</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, Charles D. Fennig:&#32;<span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906054415/http://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/slavic-0">Slavic</a></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>.&#32;<i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue: Languages of the World</a> (18th Ed.)</i>.&#32;Dallas:&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=SIL_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SIL International (был бит юҡ)">SIL International</a>&#32;(2015).&#32;<small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/slavic-0">оригинала</a> 6 сентябрь 2015 года.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-rating-2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue-rating-2018_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue-rating-2018_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>Ethnologue-rating-2018</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Филин-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Филин_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Филин_11-1">11,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Филин_11-2">11,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Филин, Федот Петрович (был бит юҡ)">Филин Ф. П.</a></i> <span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tapemark.narod.ru/les/429a.html">Русский язык</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь&#32;&#47;&#32;Под ред. В.&#160;Н.&#160;Ярцевой.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990.&#160;— 685&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5852700312" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-031-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444—446-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444—446_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 444—446</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Лопатин, Владимир Владимирович (был бит юҡ)">Лопатин В. В.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Улуханов, Игорь Степанович (был бит юҡ)">Улуханов И. С.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Русский язык</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;437—438.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ВПН-2010-владение-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ВПН-2010-владение_14-0">14,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ВПН-2010-владение_14-1">14,1</a></sup></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>ВПН-2010-владение</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Голодец-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Голодец_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Голодец_15-1">15,1</a></sup></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>Голодец</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443_17-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_442—443_17-1">16,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Лопатин, Владимир Владимирович (был бит юҡ)">Лопатин В. В.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Улуханов, Игорь Степанович (был бит юҡ)">Улуханов И. С.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Русский язык</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;442—443.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——453-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——453_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444_19-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444_19-1">18,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык._Энциклопедия_444_19-2">18,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Лопатин, Владимир Владимирович (был бит юҡ)">Лопатин В. В.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Улуханов, Игорь Степанович (был бит юҡ)">Улуханов И. С.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Русский язык</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;444.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——448—450-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——448—450_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 448—450</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Нерознак, Владимир Петрович (был бит юҡ)">Нерознак В. П.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russkiyyazik.ru/1037/">Этнонимика</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;650.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Нерознак, Владимир Петрович (был бит юҡ)">Нерознак В. П.</a></i> <span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tapemark.narod.ru/les/598a.html">Этнонимика</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь&#32;&#47;&#32;Под ред. В.&#160;Н.&#160;Ярцевой.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990.&#160;— 685&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5852700312" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-031-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Дуличенко—2014——326—329-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Дуличенко—2014——326—329_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFДуличенко2014">Дуличенко, 2014</a>, с. 326—329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——444_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 444</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-03.pdf">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 4. Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство. 3. Население по национальности и владению русским языком</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Федеральная служба государственной статистики (был бит юҡ)">Федеральная служба государственной статистики</a>&#32;(2001—2015).</span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2017 йыл 12 март <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312004056/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-03.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ВПН-2010-родной-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ВПН-2010-родной_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>ВПН-2010-родной</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2011/0491/perep01.php">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. 1. Об итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Сообщение Росстата. 6. Национальный состав, владение языками, гражданство</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 491—492&#32;(19 декабрь 2011).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-0">27,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-1">27,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-2">27,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——445_28-3">27,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 445</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-0">28,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-1">28,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-2">28,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-3">28,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-4">28,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-5">28,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев_А._Л._Сжимающееся_русскоязычие_29-6">28,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Арефьев, Александр Леонардович (был бит юҡ)">Арефьев А. Л</a>.</i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2013/0571/tema02.php">Сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения — не на пользу русскому языку</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 571—572&#32;(14 октябрь 2013).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_51/?botton=cens_db&amp;box=5.1W&amp;k_t=00&amp;p=75&amp;rz=1_1&amp;rz_b=2_1%20%20&amp;n_page=4">Всеукраинская перепись населения 2001. Результаты. Национальный состав населения, гражданство. Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку. Результат выбора. Украина. с. 4</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Государственный комитет статистики Украины&#32;(2003—2004).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_51/?botton=cens_db&amp;box=5.1W&amp;k_t=00&amp;p=0&amp;rz=1_1&amp;rz_b=2_1%20%20%20&amp;n_page=1">Всеукраинская перепись населения 2001. Результаты. Национальный состав населения, гражданство. Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку. Результат выбора. Украина. с. 1</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Государственный комитет статистики Украины&#32;(2003—2004).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul5/select_56?box=5.6W&amp;rz=1_1&amp;k_t=00&amp;botton=cens_db2">Всеукраинская перепись населения 2001. Результаты. Национальный состав населения, гражданство. Распределение населения отдельных национальностей по другим языкам, кроме родного, которыми свободно владеют. Результат выбора Украина. с. 1</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Государственный комитет статистики Украины&#32;(2003—2004).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=WC16200032648">Итоги Национальной переписи населения Республики Казахстан 2009 года. Аналитический отчёт. 4. Национальный состав, владение языками, гражданство, вероисповедание. 4.2. Владение населения языками. Под ред. Смаилова А. А.</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>&#32;С. 22—24.&#32;Астана:&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике (был бит юҡ)">Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике</a>&#32;(2011).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belstat.gov.by/uploads/file/GU_demogr/5.11-0.pdf">Перепись населения 2009 года. Выходные регламентные таблицы. Национальный состав населения, гражданство. Распространение в Республике Беларусь и областях белорусского и русского языков. Республика Беларусь</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь&#32;(19 август 2010).</span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2017 йыл 30 июнь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630083858/http://belstat.gov.by/uploads/file/GU_demogr/5.11-0.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kg/rus/part/census.htm">Разделы статистики. Население. Основные показатели (Кыргызстан в цифрах). Национальный состав населения</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Национальный статистический комитет Кыргызской Республики.</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Тульский М.</i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0249/analit08.php">Некоторые итоги переписи 2004 года в Молдавии</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 249—250&#32;(5 июнь 2006).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="lv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-071.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=990536db-b060-4ba6-897a-64072e428807">Tautas skaitīšana 2011. TSG11-071. Pastāvīgo Iedzīvotāju Tautību Sadalījums Pa Statistikajiem Reģioniem, Republikas Pilsētām Un Novadiem Pēc Mājās Pārsvarā Lietotās Valodas 2011. Gada 1 Martā. Skatīt tabulu</a></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на латышском языке">(латыш.)</span>.&#32;Centrālās statistikas pārvaldes datubāzes.</span><span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка)</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue_2015-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_2015_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>Ethnologue 2015</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue_2009-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_2009_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>Ethnologue 2009</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Пьянов А. Е.</i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/pyanov-11.htm">Статус русского языка в странах СНГ. Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета, № 3 (47)</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>&#32;С. 55—59.&#32;Кемерово:&#32;Philology.ru&#32;(2011).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении_41-0">40,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении_41-1">40,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_межнациональном_общении_41-2">40,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Белоусов В. Н.</i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russkiyyazik.ru/795/">Русский язык в межнациональном общении</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;447—449.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446_42-0">41,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446_42-1">41,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 446</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rg.ru/2005/06/07/yazyk-dok.html">Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 1 июня 2005 г. N 53-ФЗ О государственном языке Российской Федерации</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;«<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Российская газета (был бит юҡ)">Российская газета»</a>&#32;(7 июнь 2005).&#160;— № 3789<small>.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/press19329.html%23doc">Государство. Конституция. Конституция Республики Беларусь. Раздел І. Основы конституционного строя. Статья 17</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Пресс-служба Президента Республики Беларусь.&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20121129053424/www.president.gov.by/press19329.html%23doc">Архивировано</a> 29 ноябрь 2012 года.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cominf.org/node/1166488810">Конституция Республики Южная Осетия. Глава I. Основы конституционного строя Республики Южная Осетия. Статья 4</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Информационное агентство ОСинформ.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olvia.idknet.com/constit.htm">Конституция Приднестровской Молдавской Республики. Раздел I. Основы конституционного строя. Статья 12</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;«Новости Приднестровья», официальное информагентство Приднестровской Молдавской Республики.&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920145140/http://www.olvia.idknet.com/constit.htm">Архивировано</a> 20 сентябрь 2008 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2008 йыл 20 сентябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920145140/http://www.olvia.idknet.com/constit.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151215052614/http://dnr-online.ru/konstituciya-dnr/#">Конституция Донецкой Народной Республики. Глава I. Основы конституционного строя. Статья 10</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Официальный сайт Донецкой Народной Республики.&#32;<small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dnr-online.ru/konstituciya-dnr/">оригинала</a> 15 декабрь 2015 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2015 йыл 15 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151215052614/http://dnr-online.ru/konstituciya-dnr/">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324193708/http://www.obzor.lg.ua/news/konstitutsiya35989#">Конституция «Луганской Народной Республики» и её отличия от Конституции Украины</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;OBZOR.lg.ua — Луганский городской сайт.&#32;<small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obzor.lg.ua/news/konstitutsiya35989">оригинала</a> 24 март 2016 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2016 йыл 24 март <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324193708/http://www.obzor.lg.ua/news/konstitutsiya35989">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.kz/razdel1">Конституция Республики Казахстан. Раздел I. Общие положения. Статья 7, пункт 2</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Constitution.kz.</span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 20 апрель <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420211548/http://www.constitution.kz/razdel1/">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121218195050/http://www.kenesh.kg/RU/Articles/42-Konstituciya_Kyrgyzskoj_Respubliki.aspx">О парламенте. Конституция Кыргызской Республики. Раздел первый. Основы конституционного строя. Статья 10, пункт 2</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Жогорку Кенеш Кыргызской Республики.&#32;<small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kenesh.kg/RU/Articles/42-Konstituciya_Kyrgyzskoj_Respubliki.aspx">оригинала</a> 18 декабрь 2012 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2012 йыл 18 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121218195050/http://www.kenesh.kg/RU/Articles/42-Konstituciya_Kyrgyzskoj_Respubliki.aspx">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421143754/http://xn--80aaczf9e9c.xn--p1ai/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F">Государство. Суверенитет. Конституция Республики Абхазия. Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя. Статья 6</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Абхазия.рф — официальный сайт Республики Абхазия.&#32;<small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://абхазия.рф/государство/суверенитет/конституция-республики-абхазия">оригинала</a> 21 апрель 2017 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2017 йыл 21 апрель <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421143754/http://xn--80aaczf9e9c.xn--p1ai/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&amp;view=doc&amp;lang=2&amp;id=311656">Республика Молдова. Парламент. Закон № 344 от 23.12.1994 об особом правовом статусе Гагаузии (Гагауз Ери). Статья 3. Пункт 1</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Registrul de Stat. Al acterol juridice al republici Moldova. Ministerul Justitiei.</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kdmid.ru/docs.aspx?lst=country_wiki&amp;it=/Норвегия.aspx">Норвегия. Архипелаг Шпицберген. Официальный язык</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Консульский информационный портал КД МИД РФ.</span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 20 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220173932/https://www.kdmid.ru/docs.aspx?lst=country_wiki&amp;it=%2F%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F.aspx">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&amp;CM=1&amp;DF=&amp;CL=ENG&amp;VL=1">List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Совет Европы (был бит юҡ)">Council of Europe</a>&#32;(5 сентябрь 2015).</span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2015 йыл 18 сентябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918164438/http://www.conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&amp;CM=1&amp;DF=&amp;CL=ENG&amp;VL=1">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prezident.tj/ru/taxonomy/term/5/112">Конститутсияи (Сарқонуни) Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Конституция Республики Таджикистан). Глава первая. Основы конституционного строя. Статья 2</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Пресс служба Президента Таджикистана.</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.uz/ru/law/1995/3491/">Законы. Законы 1995 года. О государственном языке (в новой редакции). Статья 12</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Официальный сайт Законодательной палаты <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Олий мажлис (был бит юҡ)">Олий Мажлиса Республики Узбекистан</a>&#32;(21 декабрь 1995).</span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2013 йыл 3 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020654/http://www.parliament.gov.uz/ru/law/1995/3491/">архивланған</a>.</span></small>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2012/11/01/language/">Узбекским ЗАГСам разрешили использовать русский язык</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0.%D0%A0%D1%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Лента.Ру (был бит юҡ)">Лента.Ру</a>&#32;(1 ноябрь 2012).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annews.ru/news/detail.php?ID=190830">Русский язык стал официальным языком в штате Нью-Йорк</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;«Агентство национальных новостей»&#32;(11 август 2009).&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100916071357/http://www.annews.ru/news/detail.php?ID=190830">Архивировано</a> 16 сентябрь 2010 года.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://9tv.co.il/news/2011/02/22/95660.html">Кнессет вводит обязательное обозначение лекарств на русском языке</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="9 Канал (Израиль) (был бит юҡ)">9 Канал</a>&#32;(22 февраль 2011).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/ru/sections/about-un/official-languages/index.html">Главная страница</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Официальный сайт <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Организация Объединённых Наций (был бит юҡ)">ООН</a>.</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении_61-0">60,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Русский_язык_в_международном_общении_61-1">60,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Костомаров, Виталий Григорьевич (был бит юҡ)">Костомаров В. Г.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russkiyyazik.ru/793/">Русский язык в международном общении</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;445—447.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/russian/news/fullstorynews.asp?NewsID=17340">Английский, французский, немецкий и русский языки — самые переводимые в мире</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;Центр новостей ООН&#32;(19 апрель 2012).&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69NNC2des?url=http://www.un.org/russian/news/fullstorynews.asp?NewsID=17340">Архивировано</a> 23 июль 2012 года.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2013/03/21/strussian/">Русский язык стал вторым по популярности в интернете</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenta.ru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenta.ru (был бит юҡ)">Lenta.ru</a>&#32;(21 март 2013).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447_64-0">63,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——447_64-1">63,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 447</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Падение_статуса_русского_языка-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Падение_статуса_русского_языка_65-0">64,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Падение_статуса_русского_языка_65-1">64,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Арефьев, Александр Леонардович (был бит юҡ)">Арефьев А. Л.</a></i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php">Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 251—252&#32;(20 август 2006).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков_66-0">65,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Будет_ли_русский_в_числе_мировых_языков_66-1">65,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Арефьев, Александр Леонардович (был бит юҡ)">Арефьев А. Л.</a></i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema05.php">Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем?</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 251—252&#32;(20 август 2006).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Гаврилов К., Козиевская Е., Яценко Е.</i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0329/tema01.php">Русский язык — советский язык?</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 329—330&#32;(14 апрель 2008).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Арефьев, Александр Леонардович (был бит юҡ)">Арефьев А. Л.</a></i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema04.php">Меньше россиян — меньше русскоговорящих</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>.&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_Weekly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Демоскоп Weekly (был бит юҡ)">Демоскоп Weekly</a>. № 251—252&#32;(20 август 2006).</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Арефьев—2012——431-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——431_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFАрефьев2012">Арефьев, 2012</a>, с. 431</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Арефьев—2012——387-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——387_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFАрефьев2012">Арефьев, 2012</a>, с. 387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Арефьев—2012——234—237,_271—272,_302,_326,_363—364-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——234—237,_271—272,_302,_326,_363—364_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFАрефьев2012">Арефьев, 2012</a>, с. 234—237, 271—272, 302, 326, 363—364</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Арефьев—2012——257—259,_285—288,_313—319,_328—331,_369—370-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Арефьев—2012——257—259,_285—288,_313—319,_328—331,_369—370_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFАрефьев2012">Арефьев, 2012</a>, с. 257—259, 285—288, 313—319, 328—331, 369—370</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447_73-0">72,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Лопатин,_Улуханов—2005——446—447_73-1">72,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛопатин,_Улуханов2005">Лопатин, Улуханов, 2005</a>, с. 446—447</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Филин,_Колесов,_Хелимский-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Филин,_Колесов,_Хелимский_74-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Филин, Федот Петрович (был бит юҡ)">Филин Ф. П.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Колесов, Владимир Викторович (был бит юҡ)">Колесов В. В.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хелимский, Евгений Арнольдович (был бит юҡ)">Хелимский. Е. А.</a></i> <span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tapemark.narod.ru/les/425a.html">Русистика</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь&#32;&#47;&#32;Под ред. В.&#160;Н.&#160;Ярцевой.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990.&#160;— 685&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5852700312" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-031-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Степанов Е. Н.</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liber.onu.edu.ua:8080/bitstream/123456789/1542/1/Мова%2016%202011_9-14+.pdf">Национальные варианты русского языка или русские территориальные койне?</a>&#32;// <i>Мова: науково-теоретичный часопис з мовознавства</i>.&#160;— Одесса, 2001.&#160;— В.&#160;16.&#160;— С.&#160;11—13.&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527211435/http://liber.onu.edu.ua:8080/bitstream/123456789/1542/1/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2016%202011_9-14+.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 27 май 2016.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Оглезнева-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Оглезнева_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Оглезнева Е. А.</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amursu.ru/attachments/article/9500/а10_Оглезнева3.pdf">Дальневосточный региолект русского языка как региональный вариант русского национального языка</a>.&#160;— Благовещенск: Амурский государственный университет.&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214812/http://www.amursu.ru/attachments/article/9500/%D0%B010_%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B03.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 4 март 2016.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Жеребило Т. В.</i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Этнолект</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Словарь лингвистических терминов.&#160;— Изд. 5-е, испр-е и дополн.&#160;— Назрань: «Пилигрим», 2010.&#160;— 486&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9785989931330" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-98993-133-0</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Лопатин, Владимир Владимирович (был бит юҡ)">Лопатин В. В.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Улуханов, Игорь Степанович (был бит юҡ)">Улуханов И. С.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Русский язык</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Русский язык. Энциклопедия&#32;&#47;&#32;Гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Караулов, Юрий Николаевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. Н. Караулов</a></span>.&#160;— 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Научное издательство «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Российская энциклопедия (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Большая Российская энциклопедия»</a>; Издательский дом «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрофа (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Дрофа»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;439.&#160;— 721&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/585270248X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-248-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Руссенорск</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь&#32;&#47;&#32;гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;">П. А. Клубков</span>; рук. проекта <span style="white-space: nowrap;">С. И. Богданов</span>.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.; <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>: Владос: Изд. Филол. фак. С.-Петерб. гос. ун-та, 2002.&#160;— Т.&#160;3 (П—Я).&#160;— 704&#160;с.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Гусев В. Ю.</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vestnik.tspu.edu.ru/files/vestnik/PDF/articles/gusev_v._yu._106_109_1_116_2012.pdf">О происхождении некоторых элементов говорки (русского таймырского пиджина)</a>&#32;// <i>Вестник ТГПУ</i>.&#160;— Томск, 2012.&#160;— В.&#160;1 (116).&#160;— С.&#160;106—109.</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Русско-китайский пиджин</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь&#32;&#47;&#32;гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;">П. А. Клубков</span>; рук. проекта <span style="white-space: nowrap;">С. И. Богданов</span>.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.; <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>: Владос: Изд. Филол. фак. С.-Петерб. гос. ун-та, 2002.&#160;— Т.&#160;3 (П—Я).&#160;— 704&#160;с.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Головко Е. В.</span></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philology.ru/linguistics4/golovko-97a.htm">Медновских алеутов язык</a></span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Языки мира (серия книг) (был бит юҡ)">Языки мира. Палеоазиатские языки</a>.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Индрик (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Индрик»</a>, 1997.&#160;— С.&#160;117—125.&#160;— 227&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5857590469" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85759-046-9</a>.</span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Жовтобрюх, Михаил Андреевич (был бит юҡ)">Жовтобрюх М. А.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Молдован, Александр Михайлович (был бит юҡ)">Молдован А. М.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Восточнославянские языки. Украинский язык</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Языки мира (серия книг) (был бит юҡ)">Языки мира. Славянские языки</a>.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia (был бит юҡ)">Academia</a>, 2005.&#160;— С.&#160;515.&#160;— 513—548&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442162" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-216-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бирилло, Николай Васильевич (был бит юҡ)">Бирилло Н. В.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%AE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Мацкевич, Юзефа Флориановна (был бит юҡ)">Мацкевич Ю. Ф.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Михневич, Арнольд Ефимович (был бит юҡ)">Михневич А. Е.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рогова, Наталья Васильевна (был бит юҡ)">Рогова Н. В.</a></i>&#32;<span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Восточнославянские языки. Белорусский язык</span>&#32;&#47;&#47;&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Языки мира (серия книг) (был бит юҡ)">Языки мира. Славянские языки</a>.&#160;— <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia (был бит юҡ)">Academia</a>, 2005.&#160;— С.&#160;550.&#160;— 548—584&#160;с.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442162" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-216-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Мечковская Н. Б.</i>&#160;Русский язык в Одессе: Вчера, сегодня, завтра&#32;// <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Linguistics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Linguistics (был бит юҡ)">Russian Linguistics</a></i>.&#160;— 2006.&#160;— Vol.&#160;30.&#160;— №&#160;2.&#160;— P.&#160;263—281.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Kabanen, Inna.</i>&#32;<span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/venaja/opiskelu/graduja/kabanen.pdf">Введение в особенности одесского языка</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>&#32;С. 9—12.&#32;Helsinki:&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хельсинкский университет (был бит юҡ)">Helsingin yliopisto</a>&#32;(2008).&#32;<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HNYGOb4W?url=http://www.helsinki.fi/venaja/opiskelu/graduja/kabanen.pdf">Архивировано</a> 14 июнь 2013 года.</small></span>&#160;<span class="ref-info" title="Был һылтанма аҡтығы тикшереү датаһы" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(Тикшерелеү көнө: 30&#160;апрель&#160;2015)</span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Число_фонем-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Число_фонем_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Урыҫ телендә һуҙынҡы фонемалар һанын ике фонологик мәктәп ике төрлө билдәләй: мәскәү фонология мәктәбе <i>и</i> һәм <i>ы</i> өндәрен бер фонеманың варианттары тип иҫәпләй, Петербург (Ленинград) фонология мәктәбе&#160;— уларҙы икеһе ике төрлө фонема тип иҫәпләй.</span> </li> </ol> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐t8qm2 Cached time: 20241124010643 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.725 seconds Real time usage: 0.863 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 14642/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 228604/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 76860/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 104293/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.228/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7315821/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 9/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 674.631 1 -total 45.04% 303.822 1 Ҡалып:Язык 44.53% 300.433 1 Ҡалып:Карточка 40.79% 275.205 1 Ҡалып:Иҫкәрмәләр 26.62% 179.583 16 Ҡалып:Wikidata 14.91% 100.608 40 Ҡалып:Cite_web 13.20% 89.030 7 Ҡалып:If-wikidata 9.66% 65.159 16 Ҡалып:Книга 6.14% 41.438 16 Ҡалып:Флагификация 4.50% 30.344 20 Ҡалып:Sfn --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key bawiki:pcache:idhash:3916-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124010643 and revision id 1275869. 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