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identifiers to enable referencing and citation:</h2><ul><li>When datasets are uploaded on Digital Commons Data, a DataCite DOI is reserved, which will become active upon publication of the dataset to enable citation.</li><li>Datasets can be licenced under a range of open licenses.</li><li>When data cannot be fully made open for legitimate reasons, it may be published<ul><li>as a Restricted-Access dataset, where the files must be requested by the researcher, and the author can decide whether to act on the request, or</li><li>as a Metadata-Only dataset, where the files will not be deposited, in case they are too sensitive, or too large to be held on a repository.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 class="mdui-h4">Metadata to enable discovery and reuse:</h2><ul><li>Every dataset can be annotated with a comprehensive set of metadata fields, including title, general description, description of each file, steps to reproduce the analyses, license, and administrative metadata such as institution and category.</li><li>Institutions may provide additional custom metadata fields to be completed by their researchers.</li><li>Links can be created to further associated research outputs, such as datasets, software orarticles.</li><li>To facilitate discovery and reuse of data, dataset metadata is available in the Dublin Core format and Schema.org format, conforming to the Google Dataset standard.</li><li>Dataset metadata is also made available for harvesting via OAI-PMH endpoints.</li></ul><h2 class="mdui-h4">Safeguarding integrity and authenticity of deposited data:</h2><ul><li>Files deposited to Digital Commons Data are stored with Amazon S3, part of Amazon Web Services (AWS).</li><li>Automated database backups happen every day whilst online, with a retention period currently set to 7 days. These backups are stored in the relevant AWS S3 bucket. Amazon S3 synchronously stores data across multiple facilities. Amazon S3 storage is designed to provide 99.999999999% durability of objects over a given year.</li><li>Digital Commons Data ensures the integrity and authenticity of data deposited, by generating and verifying checksums for each file.</li><li>Once a dataset version is published, and a DOI registered, the dataset version is immutable and permanently archived in a third party archival system, DANS (Data Archiving & Networked Services).</li></ul><h2 class="mdui-h4">Preservation of deposited material:</h2><ul><li>Published data is held permanently on Digital Commons Data; if an institutional Digital Commons Data repository ceases to operate, the institution鈥檚 data will continue to be made available by Digital Commons Data.</li><li>Furthermore, to ensure long-term preservation of data, all published datasets are stored with a third-party archive(DANS); which will ensure the data is available permanently at its registered DOI, even if Digital Commons Data were to cease operating.</li></ul><h2 class="mdui-h4">Data curation:</h2><ul><li>Digital Commons Data supports curation of datasets by institutional librarians and data stewards, by providing a pre-moderation capability, which allows institutional delegates to review every dataset prior to go-live, and either approve, make edits, or return the dataset to the author with comments to address before re-submitting. This allows liaising with depositors when issues are detected, before the dataset goes live.</li><li>If issues are discovered with live datasets, then the institutional administrators may take the dataset down directly, as well as contacting the author offline.</li></ul><h2 class="about-heading mdui-h4">Data security:</h2><ul><li>Digital Commons Data has received ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certification in respect of secure information management practices.</li><li>Digital Commons Data utilises secure interfaces such as TLS 1.2 or above. All data in transit and at rest is encrypted with at least AES-256 or equivalent. The repository supports secure encrypted data storage both on and offsite. It leverages AWS KMS tooling for secure key management.</li><li>Digital Commons Data is hosted in AWS data centres. AWS has certification for compliance with ISO/IEC 27001:2013, 27017:2015, 27018:2019, and ISO/IEC 9001:2015.</li><li>If authors wish to deposit sensitive data, the author may publish it within a Restricted-Access dataset: the files will be safely deposited, but cannot be accessed openly. 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